Video & Transcript Research : 'medication'
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NM
Transcript Highlights:
- My name is Kenan Ron, and I'm the Acting Chief Medical Officer for Medicaid.
- I'm a third-year medical student here at UNM School of Medicine.
- I'm a third-year medical student here at UNM School of Medicine.
- Yes, but are the EMS folks medical practice act?
- Well, we haven't seen the medical compact yet, but this one and the medical compact got Senate kind of
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- . interference in our medical care.
- , but it will protect our medical providers.
- It will protect our medical providers' rights to use their medical judgment to decide our health care
- You don't want to have an administrator making your medical decisions.
- Medical, mental health, substance abuse, what have you.
Keywords:
health care transparency, ownership disclosure, control reporting, health care consolidation, private equity, management services organization, MSO, provider organization, health insurer, pharmacy benefit manager, hospital system, affiliate reporting, financial disclosure, public reporting, market concentration, horizontal consolidation, vertical consolidation, health care ownership, corporate practice, health care regulation
KY
Kentucky 2025 Regular Session
Senate Standing Committee on Health Services (3-12-25)
Transcript Highlights:
- facilities, if they require medical facilities, if they require medical care,<00:04:50.320>
non-elective - c> mental<00:26:19.679>
health Every major medical and mental health Every major medical and - Psychiatric, psychological, and medical Psychiatric, psychological, and medical associations,<00
- condemned by leading medical condemned by leading medical organizations<00:38:00.400>
and - So I vote I. a comment that I'm not a medical expert a comment that I'm not a medical expert and<01:03
Summary:
The committee first took up administrative regulations, found no concerns, and then passed House Bill 389 with a favorable expression by a 9-0 vote. HB 389 was described as a cleanup bill for the CASPER prescription monitoring program: it clarifies that practitioners must have active CASPER accounts, exempts charitable health care providers from e-prescribing requirements, allows sharing CASPER data with certain federal entities such as military-base providers, and updates references to hydrocodone’s Schedule II status. The sponsor said there was no expected fiscal impact.
The committee then passed House Bill 392, also by a 9-0 favorable expression. HB 392 would streamline payment for non-elective medical care for patients in state mental facilities when the facility cannot provide the needed treatment, allowing care in community-based settings and payment to those providers. The sponsor said the bill was intended to improve efficiency and would not have a fiscal impact on the cabinet.
House Bill 501 was next and likewise passed 9-0 with favorable expression. The bill would allow pharmacists, in their professional judgment, to refill certain prescriptions for up to 180 days when a physician has died, while excluding controlled substances and preserving pharmacist discretion to require follow-up care. Senators raised concerns that the bill does not require patients to seek a new provider during that period, but supporters said the longer window addresses rural provider shortages and access delays.
The committee then heard House Bill 495, as amended by a committee substitute. The substitute would prohibit Medicaid services and managed care organizations from covering cross-sex hormones above normal levels and gender reassignment surgery. Testimony on the bill was overwhelmingly opposed, with speakers including a former senator, psychologists, advocates, and legal and social work representatives arguing that conversion therapy is harmful, that the substitute would deny medically necessary gender-affirming care, and that the measure could increase suicide risk and litigation. One witness from the Family Foundation of Kentucky spoke in favor, arguing the executive order on counseling limits free speech and that counseling should not be restricted by government. The transcript ends during testimony, with no final committee vote on HB 495 shown.
FL
Florida 2025 Regular Session
February 11, 2025 - 01:00 PM
Transcript Highlights:
- And in statute, if a medical professional hires another medical professional that is not trained in the
- the medication is appropriate?
- And if... ...someone needs medication, would the therapist be providing the medication?
- You heard about the management of medical emergencies.
- the prescribing of medications for dental therapists and things like that.
Summary:
The Health Professions and Programs Subcommittee heard and advanced three bills. HB 21 would create a new licensed profession of dental therapy under the Department of Health and Board of Dentistry, allowing trained dental therapists to provide a limited scope of care under a supervising Florida-licensed dentist through a collaborative management agreement. Sponsor Rep. Cheney argued the bill would help address severe dental shortages and improve access in underserved areas; opponents from the Florida Dental Association and oral surgery groups warned that the bill would allow irreversible procedures by less-educated providers and could compromise patient safety. Supporters, including dentists, hygienists, and community health center leaders, said dental therapists would expand access and free dentists to handle more complex care. An amendment was adopted to require proof of local anesthesia training, adverse-incident reporting, and updated background screening language. The bill was reported favorably as amended by a 14-1 vote.
The committee then considered HB 27, which creates the Social Work Licensure Interstate Compact to allow licensed social workers to practice across member states, including through telehealth, and to help military families and address workforce shortages. Supporters from the National Association of Social Workers and other advocates said the compact would improve mobility, reduce administrative burdens, and expand access to mental health services, especially in underserved and rural areas. A technical amendment restoring model language and setting an effective date of July 1, 2025 was adopted, and the bill was reported favorably as amended on a 15-0 vote.
Finally, the committee heard HB 29, the public-records companion to the social work compact, which creates exemptions needed for compact compliance and allows the compact commission or its committees to meet in closed session when discussing information exempt under law. After a technical amendment authorizing closed meetings for exempt matters was adopted, the bill was reported favorably as amended on a 15-0 vote. The meeting then adjourned.
TX
Texas 89th 2nd C.S.
Senate Committee on Health and Human Services Jul 7th, 2026
Health & Human Services
Transcript Highlights:
- medical professionals in lieu of self-medicating.
- See licensed medical professionals in lieu of self-medicating.
- Medication management is huge.
- From then, I request jail medical records, medication MARs, all of their private medical history. ...
- records, medication MARs, all of their private medical history prior to that to make sure, again, am
NH
Transcript Highlights:
- medical providers from various specialties, the medical director, DHHS, a clinical representative from
- medical providers from various specialties, the medical director, DHHS, a clinical representative from
- medical providers from various specialties, the medical director, DHHS, a clinical representative from
- framework aligns with with medical framework aligns with with medical standards<01:14:56.679>
- <01:16:24.199>
needs medical needs medical needs in<01:16:25.840>1997 <01:16:26.840>
AL
Alabama 2026 Regular Session
Alabama House Commerce and Small Business Committee Mar 11th, 2026
Commerce and Small Business
Transcript Highlights:
- card to identify if they do have a medical and no, uh, for handicap is excluded in this.
- bill that's uh people that have medical bill that's uh people that have medical issues<00:09:53.200
- :17.519>
medical <00:10:18.160>and <00:10:18.560>no <00:10:19.200>u <00:10 - I’m going to have a medical card, you know, medical card.”
- I’m going to have a medical card, you know, medical card.”
Keywords:
Alabama State House, Montgomery, Legislative Council, demolition, state capitol, state capitol building, historic preservation, state property, inventory removal, fixtures, furnishings, reuse, recycling, upcycling, surplus property, public assets, legislative chambers, desk sale, chair sale, state auditor
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hied Committee Meeting - 2025-03-27
Higher Education Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- I want to be very clear about the revenues that come in for medical education training.
- But once they're done with medical school, they have to train.
- Cloud Medical School, and it's great to get the update.
- It's like, how do you get the medical school up and running?
- All of you know the issues around the caps on direct medical education.
FL
Transcript Highlights:
- We certainly have a medical definition for pulmonary embolism as well as a DVT, but how broad is the
- That the CMEs, the continuing medical education for our physicians, is appropriate.
- Number one, we're going to have a study on medical sharps.
- Next, we'll hear from Brittany Jackson, from the Florida Medical Association. Waving in support.
- So I understand there is a problem with the larger medical groups.
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Health Policy considered several health-related measures. SB 890 on improving screening and treatment for blood clots was presented as a work-in-progress based on a prior working group. The bill would define certain clot-related conditions as chronic diseases, create a DOH registry, require screening and training in hospitals, nursing homes, and assisted living facilities, and several senators raised concerns about definitions, training requirements, facility responsibilities, and public records impacts. Survivors and family members testified in strong support, describing blood clots as a preventable public health crisis. The bill was reported favorably after a roll call vote.
SB 668 on storage and disposal of prescription drugs and sharps would direct a study of medical sharps collection and address conflicts between state and federal law on disposal of certain prescription drugs. Senators discussed whether the study should include both individual and commercial disposal and whether newer injectable medications increase sharps waste. The bill received supportive testimony from waste and recycling stakeholders and was reported favorably. SB 762 on preventing the spread of avian influenza would create a DOH task force to develop a statewide response strategy, monitor outbreaks, study wastewater monitoring, and recommend cost-effective testing and prevention measures. An amendment extended the task force deadline, and the bill was reported favorably as a committee substitute.
The committee also approved SB 182, which creates the Home Away From Home tax credit for businesses donating to charities that house families of critically ill children, with supporters saying it would help expand lodging for families in need. SB 942, the chair’s bill on restrictive covenants in health care, would limit non-compete clauses for physicians under a salary threshold, with debate focused on patient access, workforce retention, and concerns about small practices and contract enforcement. The bill was reported favorably. Finally, the committee adopted SPB 7018 to preserve a public records exemption for minors seeking judicial bypass of parental consent requirements for abortion, and then reported it favorably. Several members later recorded votes on earlier bills, and the committee adjourned.
KY
Kentucky 2025 Regular Session
House Standing Committee on Health Services (2-13-25)
Transcript Highlights:
- Those instructions help guide the medical provider as they are doing the exam.
- The written instructions within the kit help guide the medical provider as they are doing the exam.
- >
come an Air Force medic right now can come an Air Force medic right now can come out<00:14:49.560 - <00:15:30.240>
can example the Air Force Med Medics can example the Air Force Med Medics can - field Medics as Corman or Army Medics field Medics as Corman or Army Medics and<00:15:37.680>
Keywords:
00:00 Call to Order/Roll Call
01:23 Discussion of 25RS HB 219
06:40 Roll Call Vote on 25RS HB 219
07:44 Discussion of 25RS HCR 20
09:36 Roll Call Vote on 25RS HCR 20
10:58 Discussion of 25RS HB 303
17:02 Roll Call Vote on 25RS HB 303
18:38 Consideration of Referred Administrative Regulations
21:46 Adjournment, 958, all
Summary:
The House Standing Committee on Health Services met with a quorum and first considered House Bill 219, sponsored by Representative Rebecca Raymer. The bill requires emergency services to provide mandatory training for emergency medical staff on sexual assault emergency response requirements, with the training developed in collaboration with the Sexual Assault Response Team advisory committee. Testimony from Jenna Cassidy of the Kentucky Association of Sexual Assault Programs and WN Stevens of Children’s Advocacy Centers of Kentucky explained that the training would help emergency department staff properly respond to sexual assault patients, preserve evidence, and connect patients to needed resources; the committee also clarified that the bill is training-focused and not a certification requirement. HB 219 received favorable expression and was reported to the House floor.
The committee then heard House Concurrent Resolution 20, also from Representative Raymer, which directs the Legislative Research Commission to study gaps in sexual assault nurse examiner coverage, why those gaps exist, and what hospitals do when no SANE nurse is available. Raymer said the study was intended to gather data for future legislation, and members noted the importance of documenting current practices and supporting efforts to expand SANE coverage. The resolution was adopted with 16 favorable votes and recommended for passage on the House floor.
Next, the committee took up House Bill 303, sponsored by Representative Steve Bratcher, which creates a pathway for military medical personnel to translate their training into civilian Kentucky credentials through colleges and universities. The committee substitute broadened participation beyond KCTCS to any Kentucky institution with accredited programs, and Bratcher explained that schools would evaluate military experience, award applicable credit, identify gaps, and still require the relevant licensure exam. Members asked about university participation, credentialing standards, and how prior military radiology training would transfer; Bratcher said the program is voluntary for institutions and works with existing SkillBridge and veterans’ programs. HB 303, as amended by committee substitute, passed unanimously and was recommended for passage.
At the end of the meeting, the committee briefly reviewed administrative regulations. Representative Fleming asked about a behavioral regulation that had previously been found sufficient, and staff indicated it had been deferred, later found deficient again in the Senate Health Services Committee, and may be addressed through Senate Bill 65. The chair then allowed members to record additional votes before adjourning and announced the next Health Services meeting would be February 20 at noon in Room 149.
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine optimizing longevity from research to action. Feb 12th, 2025 at 02:30 pm
Aging (Special) Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- and even make it to medical visits.
- So medically tailored meals really is pretty powerful.
- Is that a way to get over some of these barriers to the nutritious or medically-tender?
- You know, part of the problem is just our medical education. our medical establishment, they call it
- The lack of broadband, transportation issues or medical care issues, and obesity.
Summary:
The committee meeting was marked by discussions surrounding health policies aimed at enhancing the lifespan and quality of life for the community members. The chairperson initiated the session with personal reflections on the importance of extending not just the years of life but also the quality of those years, especially from the perspective of parents and grandparents. Members engaged in thoughtful dialogue regarding potential legislative measures that could address public health in a more holistic manner, emphasizing the need for community outreach and effective health education programs.
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
Committee on Health and Human Services - 03/19/25
Health and Human Services
Transcript Highlights:
- <00:00:53.360>
technician community emergency medical technician community emergency medical - opportunities for emergency medical opportunities for emergency medical services<00:03:13.280>
- Our rural emergency medical services are the backbone of Minnesota's medical system.
- Our rural emergency medical services are the backbone of Minnesota's medical system.
- Our rural emergency medical services are the backbone of Minnesota's medical system.
NH
New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session
Senate Health and Human Services (03/18/2026)
Health and Human Services
Transcript Highlights:
- We did hear some concerns from the medical society. I've met with the medical society.
- I've met with the medical society. I've met with the medical<00:27:13.679>
society. - <00:44:43.040>
practice <00:44:43.520>that got a medical practice that got a medical - In 40 years of practice, I never saw a physician, a medical practice, a hospital, or any other medical
- <01:04:08.480>
Society Hampshire Medical Society Hampshire Medical Society and<01:04:10.640
HI
Transcript Highlights:
- Medical Association as part of um the Medical Association as part of um the working<00:16:52.480>
- Primary Care Association, Hawaii Medical Primary Care Association, Hawaii Medical Association.<00
- They're sent to one place for medical They're sent to one place for medical care,<00:37:25.480><
- out about their mental health or medical out about their mental health or medical condition,<00:
- from the Medical Association. from the Medical Association.
Keywords:
hospice, health care, aging population, regulations, Medicare, working group, fraud prevention, quality of care, mental health, recidivism, civil commitment, Hawaii State Hospital, justice system, shelter, treatment pathways, biomarker testing, health insurance, precision medicine, healthcare access, medical necessity
Summary:
The committee heard testimony on SCR 21 SD1, which asks Hawaii Health Systems Corporation’s East Hawaii Regional Health Care System to study the feasibility of a rural health clinic or similar access point for the Volcano community. Testimony in strong support came from HHSC representatives, Volcano residents, the Volcano Health Collaborative, the Rotary Club of Volcano, and others, who said the area has a clear need and that local primary and urgent care would align with regional plans. HHSC said it had already looked at the area, found no suitable temporary buildings, and would need a longer-term, capital-intensive solution, but that the study could help accelerate next steps.
The committee then took up SCR 50 SD1, proposing a Hawaii Health Plan Working Group to design a basic affordable health plan for residents. Dr. Jack Lewin of SHIPTA said the state faces a growing uninsured population and argued for a short-term, lower-cost plan focused on preventive and primary care, drawing on the old State Health Insurance Plan as a possible model. Members asked about whether that prior program still exists and whether the working group should include the Hawaii Medical Association and Hawaii Primary Care Association; Dr. Lewin said the statute still exists but is unfunded, and that the group should be inclusive. The Department of Labor and other organizations also provided comments.
For SCR 75 SD1, which urges a coordinated interdepartmental effort to reduce fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, Dr. Lewin and others said prevention, prenatal screening, and early intervention are needed because FASD is often hidden until later problems appear. Amanda from Hawaii FASD Action Group said current implementation under Act 192 is still largely a landscape analysis and that Hawaii lacks the infrastructure and specialists for a full system. Darlene Chance Govor urged adding the judiciary as a partner so juvenile justice and probation staff can be trained and referral pathways improved, while the Department of Health said it supports prevention but prefers a broader, systems-based approach focused on child needs and upstream care. The Disability Rights Center supported the resolution and asked for an earlier reporting date.
The committee also heard SCR 149 SD1, which seeks an informal working group to address complex patients with multiple diagnoses involving substance use, mental health, or chronic physical illness. The Hawaii Substance Abuse Coalition and Ke Nui Malo strongly supported the measure, saying current siloed systems leave people bouncing between medical, mental health, and substance use providers without coordinated care, often ending up in crisis, emergency rooms, or the justice system. They said integrated residential care and a coordinated working group could improve outcomes and align with federal funding opportunities. The transcript ended before any final vote or action on the measures was announced, and SCR 109 was noted as withdrawn from the agenda.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
- their preference for access to all licensed health providers who may prescribe medication.
- providers who may prescribe medication providers who may prescribe medication they<00:19:04.400>
need - that medication.
- So, Heidi, what is the DOE protocol now to administer medication?
- <00:22:16.080>
um a child needs the medication um a child needs the medication um administered
Summary:
The joint Committee on Education and Committee on Public Safety and Military Affairs heard Senate Bill 422, which would authorize the Department of Education to award a high school diploma to qualified people whose schooling was interrupted by military service or wartime practices during World War II, the Korean War, or the Vietnam War. The Department of Education testified in support, noting a prior law that created the Kono diploma program before it sunset in 2020. Several members of the public also testified in support. Both committees later recommended passage of SB 422 without amendments, and the recommendation was adopted by voice votes.
The committees then heard Senate Bill 530 on Braille literacy. The bill would establish Braille literacy as state policy, require Braille-related literacy assessments for eligible blind and low-vision students, authorize DOE rulemaking, create a Braille Literacy Resource Center, and appropriate funds. DOE and the Department of Human Services supported the measure, as did the National Federation of the Blind, Hawaii Disability Rights Center, and a blind testifier who described the importance of early Braille instruction. The Attorney General’s office raised concerns about statutory language requiring yearly assessments and suggested revisions so annual decisions remain with IEP teams. The committees voted to pass SB 530 with amendments, including the Attorney General’s suggested changes, and adopted the recommendation.
The next measure was Senate Bill 532, which would allow school staff and agents trained by a licensed clinician to volunteer to administer medication to students in public schools under certain conditions and clarify who may prescribe such medication. DOE and Department of Health testimony supported the bill. The Attorney General recommended replacing the term “licensed clinician” with the defined term “health care professional.” The Hawaii Academy of Physician Assistants supported the bill but asked that physician assistants be included among providers who may prescribe medications for school administration. After questions about current school health aide duties and field-trip medication procedures, the committees voted to pass SB 532 with amendments, including the Attorney General’s terminology change, and adopted the recommendation.
AR
Transcript Highlights:
- It was submitted by the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.
- It was submitted by the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.
- This is for Family and Medical Leave Act outsourcing services.
- This is for medical monitoring services.
- Number 18, DHS, Division of Medical Services, with Arkansas Foundation for Medical Care.
Summary:
The committee first considered an $88,000 used tire program contract for District 4 with LTR Intermediate Holdings. Senators raised concerns that the tire district’s revised business plan had not yet been approved and that the contract could worsen cash flow before funding was confirmed. Questions were also raised about procurement language in the RFP that excluded bidders under corrective action plans. After discussion, a motion was made and approved to hold the contract until next month so the tire board could appear and answer questions.
Members then reviewed a large slate of methods of finance, alternative delivery projects, and discretionary grants. These included capital projects at ASU Mid-South, Arkansas Tech, Ozarka, UA Fayetteville, UA Little Rock, UAMS, and UCA; a new UCA multi-purpose arena project estimated at $75.5 million; and DHS and Department of Health grants for aging services, substance abuse prevention, mental health, nutrition, hearing-loss follow-up, HIV services, and rural hospital quality improvement. All of these items were reviewed without objection.
The committee also heard a ratification request from UAMS for a Family and Medical Leave Act outsourcing contract with FMLA Source. UAMS said an amendment had been prepared but never submitted for review, and payments continued after expiration; members expressed frustration and asked UAMS to review whether other contracts had similarly lapsed. The committee then reviewed numerous construction-related, intergovernmental, out-of-state, and in-state contracts, including airport economic impact study work, parking guidance technology at the University of Arkansas, veteran nursing services, and multiple DHS service contracts. Most items were reviewed without objection, and the meeting adjourned after reports of routine contract amendments and minor contracts were presented for information.
NM
New Mexico 2026 Regular Session
Senate Chamber Jan 23rd, 2026 at 10:43 am
New Mexico Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Senate Bill 1, the Interstate Medical Licensure Compact Act. Thank you.
- The Interstate Medical... Good standing license from another state.
- From the compact, the medical compact.
- I really just have the information about the medical one.
- You all have helped me put my daughter through medical school.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Workforce, Labor, and Economic Development Finance and Policy Committee 3/13/25
Workforce, Labor, and Economic Development Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- <00:09:27.040>
leave goals of the paid family medical leave goals of the paid family medical - <00:57:01.839>
Leave the Minnesota Paid Family Medical Leave the Minnesota Paid Family Medical - <01:10:37.960>
leave current law for pay family medical leave current law for pay family medical - We are back talking about paid family medical leave, a bill that I heard about.
- back talking about paid family medical back talking about paid family medical leave<01:25:25.960
Bills:
HF1976
HI
Hawaii 2025 Regular Session
CPC Public Hearing - Wed Apr 2, 2025 @ 2:00 PM HST
Consumer Protection & Commerce
Transcript Highlights:
- I understand a pharmacist could join maybe a physician group and do certain medical procedures.
- It helps 340B participants get discounted medications to patients.
- It helps 340B participants get discounted medications to patients.
- It helps 340B participants get discounted medications to patients.
- There has to be a separate accounting system for those medications and whatnot.
Summary:
The committee heard several measures, beginning with SB 1046 SD1 on condominiums. Testimony on that bill focused on reserve funding and enforcement of reserve study requirements. The Community Associations Institute opposed the bill, saying it would create hardship, confusion, and be difficult to administer, while also urging stronger penalties for boards that fail to comply with reserve study rules. The Real Estate Commission offered comments, and one testifier spoke in support. No vote was taken during the portion provided.
The committee then heard SB 532 SD2 HD1 relating to the Department of Education, which would improve access to pre-approved medications for students with health conditions at school and during off-campus activities. The Department of Health, University of Hawaiʻi nursing and medical programs, and the Department of Education all supported the measure, with DOH suggesting amendments to better identify the correct student and improve medication safety. Members had no questions, and the bill moved on.
Next was SB 1245 SD2 HD1 relating to pharmacists, a bill to allow reimbursement for clinical services pharmacists are already trained and licensed to provide. The University of Hawaiʻi, Board of Pharmacy, Walgreens, Mikai Drugs, and the Hawaiʻi Pharmacists Association supported the bill, emphasizing improved access to care, recruitment and retention of pharmacists, and better chronic disease management. The Hawaiʻi Pharmacists Association also discussed proposed amendments to prevent plans from denying coverage or network participation when pharmacists meet credentialing requirements. Members questioned whether insurers would actually use pharmacists and how the bill would affect pay and contracting; no vote was taken in the excerpt.
The committee also heard SB 1279 SD2 HD1, another pharmacists bill focused on telepharmacy and 340B-related issues. The Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation supported it, saying telehealth could reduce costs and avoid travel for audits, while the Board of Pharmacy opposed it. Lānaʻi representatives opposed the bill and asked for an exemption, arguing the island already has close in-person access to a resident pharmacist and clinics. The Hawaiʻi Primary Care Association supported the measure, citing large patient savings from 340B pricing, while Mikai Drugs opposed it, arguing that mail-order and telepharmacy are not necessary on some islands and can create delivery and medication-safety problems. Members asked questions about insurer participation, scope of practice, and whether the bill would meaningfully change reimbursement; the transcript ends before any final action or vote.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- He's been a law enforcement officer in addition to being a medical examiner for almost 50 years.
- We show you registered as Carl Rogers, Ector County Medical Examiner, and yourself testifying for the
- I'm the director of the Ector County Medical Examiner's Office in Odessa, Ector County.
- They come from various backgrounds in law enforcement, EMS and various other medical fields. uh, work
- These people, death, death investigators and medical examiners have served all kinds of, uh, or have