Video & Transcript Research : 'packaging materials'

Page 40 of 443
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • materials is the recycled product.
  • ,<00:26:42.480> um don't secure our own raw materials, um don't secure our own raw materials
  • <00:26:55.760> There's materials go all over the place.
  • There's materials go all over the place.
  • Materials can no fence around the US.
Summary: The committee met for its third interim meeting, approved the prior meeting minutes, and heard a presentation from the Metals Innovation Initiative (MI2) on Kentucky’s metals industry. Speakers described metals manufacturing and recycling as a major economic backbone for the Commonwealth, including steel, aluminum, stainless steel, and copper operations, with broad impacts across production, fabrication, supply chains, and related businesses. They emphasized that the industry supports high-paying jobs, significant capital investment in Kentucky, and is aligned with broader efforts to expand U.S. manufacturing. A central theme was workforce development. MI2 leaders said the industry faces a persistent talent gap and that current education programs do not always produce the skills needed for modern metals jobs. They argued for stronger exposure and awareness, more direct industry involvement, and a dedicated metals career pathway through high schools, area technology centers, career and technical centers, and KCTCS. They also described pilot efforts in Logan, Warren, and Carroll counties that would introduce students to metals careers in middle school, move them into credits and pathways in high school, and connect them to internships, apprenticeships, and postsecondary training. Recycling and supply-chain security were the other major topics. Testimony stressed that recycled inputs are far cheaper than raw ore extraction and that recycling is increasingly important to competitiveness, environmental performance, and keeping materials from leaving the U.S. Speakers also raised concerns about China’s large steel and aluminum capacity and said unfair trade and global market manipulation make it harder for Kentucky producers to compete. Committee members and presenters framed MI2 as a collaborative effort among industry, state government, and academia to strengthen workforce pipelines, recycling, and long-term industry growth. No votes or formal actions were taken beyond approving the minutes.
OK

Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session

Local and County Government Feb 24th, 2026 at 02:00 pm

Local and County Government

Transcript Highlights:
  • that is durable and designed for or frequently used as single-use, conventionally non-biodegradable materials
  • narrowly tailored fees to address specific waste impacts, including problems caused by retail delivery packaging
  • or other materials that contribute to the growing solid waste challenges our cities are experiencing
  • contractor to come pick it up, but in cities, we have to work through city government, and some of the materials
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on State Administration and Regulatory Oversight Jun 21st, 2026 at 10:00 am

Joint Committee on State Administration and Regulatory Oversight

Transcript Highlights:
  • Tasks that are inherently governmental functions being done by consultants, namely material testing,
  • diversity of language in such agencies, whether that means staff, interpreters, or even reading material
  • Now students are paying $600 to $1,000 a year for course materials. Why?
  • Thank you. ...moving forward on any type of rules package, because if it calls for a review of where
  • The ability to electrify the last-mile vehicles that bring packages to our homes, that's one thing.
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The Joint Committee on State Administration and Regulatory Oversight heard testimony on several bills. Senator Mike Moore supported S. 2185, which would delay implementation of the heavy-duty omnibus/advanced clean truck requirements while requiring the Commonwealth to purchase or lease electric medium- and heavy-duty vehicles starting in 2025; he argued the delay is needed because infrastructure, grid capacity, vehicle availability, and costs are not yet ready. The committee also heard strong support for S. 2156/H. 3318, which would require free menstrual products in public buildings, with advocates and students describing period poverty and the need to treat menstrual products like other basic restroom supplies. Senator John Keenan testified for S. 2158, a bill to let municipal light plants protect proprietary and competitively sensitive information from public disclosure while keeping board meetings and minutes open, saying it would help level the playing field against larger competitors. A major portion of the hearing focused on S. 2125/H. 3384, the language access and inclusion bill. Testimony from the AAPI Commission, Mass Speaks coalition members, Mass Appleseed, MLRI, ATASK, MAPC, the Boston Bar Association, Mass Advocates for Children, and others described barriers faced by limited-English-proficient residents in accessing MassHealth, DCF, courts, domestic violence services, schools, and other state services. Witnesses cited untranslated documents, inadequate interpretation, delays, and the burden placed on bilingual staff and children; several also pointed to recent federal moves toward English-only policy as making state action more urgent. Committee members asked questions about implementation, interpreter availability, and the role of technology and remote participation, and the chair noted the bill had been reported favorably in a prior session and intended to be again. The committee also heard testimony on time-zone legislation. Dr. Karin Johnson, representing sleep medicine interests, supported H. 3405 for permanent standard time and opposed S. 2157 for permanent daylight saving time, arguing that standard time better aligns with circadian rhythms and health, while permanent daylight saving time would worsen morning darkness and sleep disruption. Members questioned the strength of the scientific evidence and discussed school start times, geography, and whether Massachusetts should align with neighboring states. No votes were taken during the hearing, and testimony continued on additional bills as the session progressed.
US

US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session

US House Floor Proceedings (Wednesday, January 21, 2026)

US Federal House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Democrats will ensure the package Democrats will ensure the package reflects<00:37:23.839> the
  • Education, and material goods.
  • > support These centers provide material support These centers provide material support and<05
  • <05:15:27.520> on and to include extraneous material on and to include extraneous material
  • This material will go to China.
HI

Hawaii 2025 Regular Session

FIN Info Briefing - Mon Jan 6, 2025 @ 9:00 AM HST

Hawaii House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • that was passed it is no reform package that was passed it is no the<01:54:30.639> the<01:54:
  • <05:57:14.958> before so it is part of the OHA package before so it is part of the OHA package
  • Well, you know, that's the entire package. For 40%, there is no bottom of that AMI.
  • And also package together the entire financing piece.
  • Well, you know, that's the entire package. For 40%, there is no bottom of that AMI.
Keywords: 910, house, all
Summary: The Committee on Finance held its first informational briefing for 2025, beginning with member introductions and then hearing an economic outlook presentation from Dr. Eugene Tian of the Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism. Dr. Tian said Hawaii’s economy was in relatively good shape in several areas, especially construction, which he described as at a historical high, with construction employment above 40,000 monthly and building permit values and contracting tax base both up sharply. He also noted real estate sales had rebounded in 2024, the labor market had stabilized with unemployment around 2.9%, and initial unemployment claims were below 2019 levels. At the same time, he highlighted challenges including inflation running above the national rate, a shrinking labor force, lower employment compared with 2023, and continued weakness in visitor spending and arrivals. He said future growth would likely come from health care, professional services, construction, tourism recovery, and diversified sectors such as renewable energy, aquaculture, creative industries, and technology. Dr. Tian also discussed Hawaii’s economic structure and recovery, saying the state remains more concentrated in a few industries than the U.S. overall, with government and hospitality making up larger shares of the economy. He said non-tourism sectors had recovered, but tourism-related jobs and output were still below pre-pandemic levels, with Maui and the visitor industry still affected by the wildfire and COVID-19 impacts. He projected tourism and non-agricultural wage and salary jobs would not fully recover until 2027, and said population trends remain a concern because of aging, the likelihood of deaths outpacing births in coming years, and reliance on in-migration. After his presentation, the chair said questions would be taken later and the committee took a short break. After the break, Dr. Carano of the Hawaii Executive Director’s office presented a second outlook, saying Hawaii’s economy in 2025 looked better than 2024 overall, though he emphasized substantial uncertainty tied to the incoming federal administration. He said possible changes to tariffs, tax policy, immigration, and federal spending could raise inflation and keep interest rates higher than previously expected, which would affect housing, consumer debt, the dollar, and Hawaii’s visitor industry. He noted that U.S. visitors account for roughly three-quarters of visitor spending in the state, making federal policy especially important. He also said deregulation could be a long-term positive but would not likely have much effect in 2025 or 2026. As an additional risk, he pointed to bird flu and its effect on livestock, poultry, and egg prices. No votes or formal actions were taken during the briefing.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Budget and Fiscal Review Committee Jun 29th, 2026

Budget and Fiscal Review

Transcript Highlights:
  • This budget package is balanced in both 2026-27 and 2027-28 fiscal years.
  • necessary for the Secretary of State and county election officials to prepare ballots and related materials
  • This budget package here, the estimates from the Department of Finance are that it would shrink it to
  • of that is due to some of the spending reductions that were proposed in the May Revision, and the package
  • Thank you for the Prop. 98 package especially.
Keywords: 987, senate, all
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • month or so ago, and we have completed an independent review of the appraisal, and the appraisal package
  • month or so ago, and we have completed an independent review of the appraisal, and the appraisal package
  • is now, independent review of the appraisal, and the appraisal package is now at Department of General
  • We don't view those as material substantive changes, but appreciate it if the Legislature does.
  • But if that $2 billion a year number materialized, that would, as you heard, be about half of what we've
Summary: The hearing focused on the governor’s May Revision proposals for transportation, natural resources, climate, and related programs, with the Department of Finance and the LAO presenting competing views on the state’s fiscal condition. Finance said the budget remains balanced over two years, with major climate-bond, water, parks, transportation, DMV, and agriculture proposals, while the LAO argued the state still has a structural deficit and should reject or defer many new discretionary spending items, preserve reserves, and be cautious about ongoing commitments. The LAO specifically questioned the timing and scale of new spending for programs such as Clean California, Healthy Rivers and Landscapes, and the Golden Gate Fields acquisition, and urged more clarity on future obligations and revenue scenarios, including for the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund. A major portion of the hearing was devoted to the Healthy Rivers and Landscapes proposal for Bay-Delta water quality implementation. Secretary Wade Crowfoot and Finance described it as an enforceable, science-based alternative to a more traditional regulatory approach, with the state’s $25 million request intended to support early implementation, monitoring, habitat restoration, and environmental flows. The LAO countered that the Water Board has not yet adopted the updated Bay-Delta plan, that the proposal may be premature, and that the Legislature should wait for more information on the state’s total funding commitment and the program’s long-term costs. Several members expressed support for the program as a way to reduce conflict and protect water reliability, while others echoed concerns about timing and fiscal exposure. The committee also examined the proposed $125 million Proposition 4 contribution toward acquiring the Golden Gate Fields property for a shoreline park and habitat project. State officials said the acquisition is a time-sensitive, once-in-a-generation opportunity, with an appraised value of $175 million and additional philanthropic and local funding expected to close the gap. Members questioned whether the project had gone through the usual competitive process, whether the site is the best use of scarce park bond dollars, and how public access, habitat, and disadvantaged-community priorities would be protected. The discussion ended without a vote, and the committee moved on to transportation items including Clean California litter abatement, the Games Route Network, homeless encampment coordinators, and DMV modernization and field office proposals, with LAO recommending rejection or delay on several of those requests as well.
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • This legislative package would uphold principles consistent with the Americans with Disabilities Act
  • This legislative package would uphold principles consistent with the Americans with Disabilities Act
  • This legislative package would uphold principles consistent with the Americans with Disabilities Act
  • there is a need to maybe go a step further and require the Cabinet to put programs in place, or packages
  • in violation of the stored materials in violation of the stored Communications<00:42:21.400> act<
Summary: The Senate Judiciary Committee met with a quorum and heard three bills. Senate Bill 26, sponsored by Chair Storm, would protect parents and prospective parents with disabilities by barring disability alone from being the sole basis for denying an adoption petition or terminating parental rights. Testimony from Judge Marcus Vanover and Crystal Adams described the bill as a product of the Kentucky Judicial Commission on Mental Health and its work groups, cited Kentucky and national cases and federal ADA guidance, and said the bill would require consideration of supportive services, clearer documentation, retention of records, and conforming language changes. Senator Carroll asked how the bill would apply to a hypothetical adult child with special needs; witnesses said the bill is aimed at adoption and termination proceedings where the Cabinet is already involved, not proactive service requests. The committee approved SB 26 by a unanimous 7-0 vote and sent it to the floor with favorable expression. The committee next considered Senate Bill 64, also sponsored by Chair Storm, which would expand the definition of key infrastructure assets to include telecommunications services such as telephone lines and broadband and make damaging, tampering with, or rendering those services inoperable a Class D felony. Representatives from Charter/Spectrum and AT&T testified that copper theft and vandalism have increasingly damaged fiber and other facilities, citing more than 20 incidents in Kentucky in 2024 affecting over 30,000 customers and diverting resources from broadband expansion. The committee adopted a committee substitute and then passed SB 64 by a 7-0 vote with favorable expression. Finally, the committee heard Senate Bill 73, sponsored by Senator Julie Adams, which would create a felony offense for sexual extortion, allow victims or their representatives to bring civil actions, include the offense in Kentucky’s sex-crime definitions, and require school-based notification and education efforts along with resource information for students. Senator Adams and witness Lady T. Thompson described sextortion as a fast-growing online crime targeting minors, often through social media, gaming, and messaging apps, and argued that stronger penalties and prevention efforts are needed. The transcript cuts off before any committee action on SB 73.
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

House Agriculture Finance and Policy Committee 2/10/25

Agriculture Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • that material to a market.
  • that material to a market.
  • that material to a market.
  • that material to a market.
  • that material to a market.
Keywords: 1183, house
Summary: The House Agriculture Finance and Policy Committee held an introductory meeting that began with housekeeping, a correction to the committee rules (the room number should be G3, not G35), and member and staff introductions. Members described their districts, agricultural ties, and priorities for the session, including consumer food costs, urban agriculture, farm economics, livestock disease preparedness, and support for Minnesota’s agricultural sectors. No votes were taken during the introductory portion. The committee then turned to sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Deputy Commissioner Andrea Veble of the Minnesota Department of Agriculture said the Walz administration strongly supports SAF because of its potential for agriculture, forestry, and clean energy, and reviewed Minnesota’s 2023 SAF tax credit and related sales tax exemption. She said the state has feedstocks and should continue investing so Minnesota can attract SAF production and support rural jobs. Jeff Davidman of Delta Airlines testified that aviation is difficult to decarbonize and that SAF is the airline industry’s main path to net zero by 2050; he cited current use of SAF, the need to scale production, and Minnesota’s role in supplying feedstocks and hosting future production. Peter Frost of Greater MSP described the Minnesota SAF Hub as a public-private partnership aimed at building the full SAF value chain in Minnesota. He emphasized that Greater MSP is coordinating investors and partners to grow the regional economy and said the SAF effort is intended to create jobs and economic development. Committee members did not ask questions during the portion captured, and no formal action or vote was recorded on the SAF presentations in this transcript excerpt.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • In fact, these materials are often used to groom and abuse children.
  • This material can be just as offensive, and just as harmful, and dangerous.
  • . materials.
  • material let's make sure the regulations approve these regulations.
  • And the explicit materials are defended by section 43.24.
Bills: SB20, SB1621, SB412, SB441, SB442
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

02/03/2026 - House Education

Education

Transcript Highlights:
  • The bill allows the principal to accept materials provided by the patriotic youth group for distribution
  • If the principal approves and accepts the materials, the principal must ensure the materials are distributed
  • If the principal approves and accepts the materials, the principal must ensure the materials are distributed
  • But they're not selling you the financial advisor package. That's not what you're getting.
  • They could, but their materials will need to be reviewed by the Auditor General. Mr.
Keywords: 1182, all
Summary: The committee heard and advanced several education-related bills. HB 2318 would impose term limits on school district governing board members in districts with at least 250 students, with a four-year break before a former member could run again; the sponsor said it was meant to bring in new ideas after problems in a district, while opponents argued voters should decide and raised concerns about the timing of the change. It passed on a 6-5 vote. HB 2312 would allow certain federally recognized patriotic youth groups to address students during school hours and require equal access for such groups; supporters framed it as a way to expand youth opportunities, while opponents objected to use of instructional time. It also received a due pass recommendation on a 6-5 vote. HB 2320 would require school districts to hire an independent municipal advisor before calling a bond election and, if successful, for each bond issue. The sponsor argued this would lower underwriting fees and save taxpayers money, citing data showing lower average fees when advisors were used; testimony from the Arizona Tax Research Association and a school accountability group supported the bill, while members raised questions about costs if a bond fails and about how public information is presented. The bill passed 7-3 with two present votes. HB 2376 would prohibit districts from buying or leasing school property when an operating charter or private school is on the site, aimed at preventing a district from using a purchase to manipulate enrollment counts and trigger state construction funding; members debated whether the underlying allegation was hearsay, but the bill passed 7-5. HB 2378 would tighten conflict-of-interest rules for the School Facilities Oversight Board by barring the architect and engineer members from having school-construction business. The sponsor said it was prompted by a reported conflict involving Tolleson Union and a board chair’s firm; some members supported the ethics rationale while others said the bill did not address broader issues, and it passed 8-4. HB 2379 would require school district governing board members to complete biennial training on duties and responsibilities, with county superintendents required to offer the training and ADE as a backstop; the committee adopted an amendment making county training mandatory and allowing intergovernmental agreements, and the bill passed 7-5 after debate over unfunded mandates, whether ASBA should be included, and whether charter boards should also be covered. Finally, HB 2380 would require board and subcommittee meetings to be held in-district, keep meeting materials online for five years, and require prior approval for out-of-state travel or later ratification with possible reimbursement; rural school representatives warned it could hinder regional collaboration and create administrative burdens, and discussion continued on how to preserve executive-session confidentiality and public access.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House State Government Finance and Policy Committee 2/26/26

State Government Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • We would see all the materials that they're using to teach the kids about seeds.
  • <01:24:50.080> How What are the promotional materials?
  • How What are the promotional materials?
  • Um, in other and then send materials.
  • <01:25:29.920> up over two years and you're packaging up over two years and you're packaging
Bills: HF3422, HF3461, HF2904
US

US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session

US House Floor Proceedings (Thursday, April 23, 2026)

US Federal House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Ballet Ribbons in uh B Valley Ribbon Mills in Bali, PA, manufactured a 3D woven material, super strength
  • ,<00:20:24.880> super manufactured a 3D woven material, super manufactured a 3D woven material
  • I have a bill, the Geothermal Gold Book Development Act, that's part of a package of six bills, three
  • of six bills, that's part of a package of six bills, three<00:34:31.119> from<00:34:31.440>
  • <02:10:07.199> and tariffs on building materials and tariffs on building materials and reinstating
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on Financial Services Jun 21st, 2026 at 10:30 am

Joint Committee on Financial Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • It's a lot of material to cover... ...to speak today in support of two pieces of legislation.
  • It's a lot of material to cover in three minutes, so we'll be submitting written testimony with more
  • Upon taking his employer's benefit package of commercial insurance, however, he lost CBHC services and
  • The bill calls for bundled payment for a package of services.
  • insurance companies, often based on documentation originated in the ED or with the crisis team, materials
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The committee held a hearing on a large group of behavioral health and insurance-related bills. Topics included expanding access to mental health services by allowing physician assistants to authorize Section 12 emergency holds and be recognized as licensed mental health professionals (H. 1131/S. 773); improving coverage for community behavioral health centers so commercial insurance matches MassHealth’s bundled outpatient and crisis services (H. 1276/S. 703); eliminating cost sharing for certain behavioral health services (S. 718); extending detox and clinical stabilization coverage from 14 to 30 days and adding transitional support services (H. 1319/S. 772); requiring coverage for dual-diagnosis treatment in psychiatric facilities (H. 1277/S. 771); and preserving access to treatment for serious mental illness through coverage of coordinated specialty care and assertive community treatment (H. 1135/S. 709). The committee also heard bills on preventive behavioral health services for children (H. 1228/S. 802) and post-pregnancy mental health care, including postpartum depression and pregnancy loss-related care (H. 1314/S. 823).
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

Senate in Session Apr 15th, 2025

Florida Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • And as the sponsor of a lot of the COVID-19 mandate packages in the special session a few falls ago,
  • And I don't know the content or the cardboard or the items that go into making the packaging; you're
  • I mean, you talk about people that need this material. I've lived on a well all my life...
  • So I would say that they have access to the materials. Senator Polsky: Thank you.
  • mean, I didn't know that you could milk oats, but if you're going to call that beverage or that material
Summary: The Senate convened with an opening prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance led by pages, and several introductions recognizing guests, family members, and a USF Day at the Capitol presentation. The chamber then moved to the special order calendar, where it first passed two Open Government Sunset Review bills: CS/SB 7010, preserving a public records exemption for certain Department of Financial Services receiver information, and SB 7008/HB 7003, preserving confidentiality for financial technology sandbox application records. Both measures passed unanimously. The Senate also passed CS/SB 1430 on post-judgment execution proceedings relating to terrorism, a bill intended to help victims enforce judgments against terrorist entities, and CS/CS/SB 910 on veterans benefits assistance, aimed at improving veterans’ access to benefits and transition support. Additional measures passed included CS/CS/CS/SB 832 on former phosphate mining lands, SB 796 on general permits for distributed wastewater treatment systems, CS/CS/CS/SB 700, the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services bill, and several claims bills, including relief for Darlene Angerville and J.R., Eric and Jennifer Miles on behalf of EEM, and Marcus Button. SB 994 on driver’s license education requirements also passed after an amendment making texting while driving a moving violation with points and a distracted-driving course requirement. The most extended debate centered on CS/CS/CS/SB 700, where senators discussed provisions on fluoride in drinking water, labeling of plant-based products, drone penalties, charity registration, agricultural housing, and other agriculture-related policy changes. Several amendments on fluoride were offered and defeated, while a technical amendment on financial institution definitions was adopted. Senators also briefly discussed the policy implications of the bill’s fluoride language and its relationship to local control and public health. Several other bills on the calendar were temporarily postponed, and at the end of the session the Senate adopted motions to certify passed bills to the House, retain postponed bills on the special order calendar, and remove CS/SB 7016 from the special order calendar. The Senate then adjourned until April 16.
HI

Hawaii 2026 Regular Session

FIN Info Briefing - Tue Jan 6, 2026 @ 9:00 AM HST

Hawaii House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • In the package that we sent you starting on page two and three, we outlined 15 priority areas.
  • In the package that we sent you starting on page two and three, we outlined 15 priority areas.
  • Uh in the package that we those areas.
  • We try to, in particular, target those who may not see themselves as college material.
  • To be clear that we as college material.
Keywords: 910, house, all
NM
Transcript Highlights:
  • We also lent out over 3,000 specialized materials, and we provide all of those things to kiddos all over
  • kind of a general that we're always looking At is because we do provide the majority of Braille materials
  • , access technology, specialized education materials around the state.
  • We used to get— Hundreds and hundreds of pole plantings from the Los Lunes Plant Material Center.
  • Now, with the new bonding package, we found the revenue streams to pay for that.
Keywords: 996, all
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

State Affairs May 6th, 2026

State Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • Meanwhile, Materialize under Chapter 2267.
  • Through packaging work, identifying priorities, aligning the jurisdictions, layering the funding, and
  • We've got $1.8 billion sitting in the backup power package program.
  • I would like to see building materials, functional building materials where energy would not have to
  • I want to read, it says the Texas backup power package requires immediate I want to read, it says the
Keywords: 1184, house, all
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Agriculture Finance and Policy Committee 3/23/26

Agriculture Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • If passed, it'll allow retailers to donate eggs past the date on the package.
  • The bill will be in meeting material.
  • It's not packaged labeled like that. Then what do you do with that information?
  • It's not packaged confidential manner.
  • It's not packaged labeled<01:23:16.560> like<01:23:16.800> that.
NM

New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

IC - Water and Natural Resources Sep 11th, 2025

Water & Natural Resources Committee

Transcript Highlights:
  • And we'll actually be flying helicopters to remove material from that corridor starting on the 15th of
  • The power shutoff did not materialize, which Is a good thing.
  • The wind speeds never materialized to the forecast. but right now we are having to do it manually.
  • And then it didn't materialize.
  • Because of all the volatility in the materials markets, that's what drives some of this, cost that we