Transcript Highlights:

• She also said that 21 states have enacted laws permitting the use of infant safety devices as a legal
• the use of have enacted laws permitting the use of infant<00:06:46.479><c> safety</c><00:06:46.840><
• </c><00:20:12.080><c> nurses</c> continuing education requirements nurses continuing education requirements
• So this is a plan that would permit that?
• So this is a plan that would permit that?

Bills: HF837, HF1903, HF499, HF794

Keywords: health insurance, premium security plan, federal funding, state innovation waiver, Minnesota, newborn safety, anonymity, healthcare provider, safe place, child welfare, HF499, nursing, nurse licensure, temporary permit, temporary nursing permit, Board of Nursing, endorsement licensure, reregistration, refresher course, health occupations

Transcript Highlights:

• If you require assistance in registering, please see Bennett Mitchell here up front, and he can make
• HB3071 is Chairman Guerin's bill relating to the cancellation of certain solid waste disposal permits
• Even one poorly placed discharge permit could permanently alter its fragile ecosystem.
• If the consortium doesn't meet that target, TCEQ can require corrective action, but the state doesn't
• The energy required to replace them is enough to power 3.4 million homes.

Bills: HB1730, HB1823, HB2048, HB2266, HB2440, HB3333, HB4086, HB4271, HB4413, HB4839, HB4841, HB5151

Keywords: PFAS, perfluoroalkyl substances, polyfluoroalkyl substances, forever chemicals, public health study, environmental regulation, drinking water, groundwater, surface water, food packaging, chemical exposure, firefighters, chemical manufacturing workers, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, TCEQ, Railroad Commission of Texas, Department of State Health Services, University of Houston, occupational exposure, contaminants

Transcript Highlights:

• I think the permitting requirement in House Bill 2608 aims to encourage greater regionalization of wastewater
• And so I think there's existing safeguards both within the permitting requirement in Representatives.
• Almost every permit we do today, we're already meeting Type 1 reuse standards.
• To meet certain requirements for their systems.
• The, the Notice requirements are robust.

Bills: HB 29, HB 685, HB 1633, HB 1689, HB 1690, HB 1918, HB 2010, HB 2500, HB 2608, HB 2626

Keywords: water audit, water loss, water loss mitigation plan, municipally owned utility, municipal utility, water conservation, Texas Water Development Board, TCEQ, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, water leakage, leak detection, billing data accuracy, utility validation, water audit validation, water scarcity, water management, infrastructure, public utility, conservation plan, administrative penalty

Transcript Highlights:

• , GCDs are required to consider several different criteria. for their approval, including other permitted
• One permit.
• It just adds clarity to the permitting process for districts when they're evaluating the permits.
• Transport project applications, just like all permit applications, are processed pursuant to the requirements
• model on just that permit alone.

Bills: HB29, HB685, HB1633, HB1689, HB1690, HB1918, HB2010, HB2500, HB2608, HB2626, HB29

Keywords: water audit, water loss, water loss mitigation plan, municipally owned utility, municipal utility, water conservation, Texas Water Development Board, TCEQ, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, water leakage, leak detection, billing data accuracy, utility validation, water audit validation, water scarcity, water management, infrastructure, public utility, conservation plan, administrative penalty

Transcript Highlights:

• I think the permitting requirement in House Bill 2608 aims to encourage greater coordination and integration
• It does require that they have to come to that provider.
• Should economics even have a place as long as the permit quality is met, the discharge permit?
• Is there any requirement that they know this is coming? Absolutely.
• You still have to meet the standards and pressure that TCEQ requires.

Bills: HB29, HB685, HB1633, HB1689, HB1690, HB1918, HB2010, HB2500, HB2608, HB2626, HB29

Keywords: water audit, water loss, water loss mitigation plan, municipally owned utility, municipal utility, water conservation, Texas Water Development Board, TCEQ, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, water leakage, leak detection, billing data accuracy, utility validation, water audit validation, water scarcity, water management, infrastructure, public utility, conservation plan, administrative penalty

Transcript Highlights:

• Developers may not challenge construction requirements as unduly burdensome.
• Or amending groundwater permits.
• or permit amendments in Gonzales County.
• go through the permitting process.
• But the law doesn't require all of them to do so, and I think that this bill does help by requiring that

Bills: HB2018, HB1633, HB1689, SB612, SB3058

Keywords: agricultural conservation, land preservation, environmental protection, wildlife habitat, Texas Farm and Ranch, groundwater conservation district, Texas Water Code, water permit, permit amendment, groundwater permit, water rights, aquifer, well registration, exempt wells, beneficial use, water conservation, groundwater quality, well plugging, Hill Country Priority Groundwater Management Area, surface water resources

Summary: The Senate Water, Agriculture, Rural Affairs Committee heard several bills focused on groundwater management, water infrastructure, and agricultural land conservation. SB 612 would limit certain water districts in Hidalgo, Cameron, and Willacy counties from charging developers pipeline construction fees above actual, documented costs; the committee substitute removed a developer challenge mechanism to preserve district discretion over construction standards. HB 1633 would require groundwater conservation districts to consider registered exempt wells when reviewing or amending permits, and testimony from landowners, district representatives, and advocacy groups largely supported the bill as a way to protect domestic and livestock wells from drawdown caused by large export projects. HB 1689 would clarify that export fee revenues may be used for well operability, alternative water supplies, and aquifer monitoring, including through interlocal cooperation, and HB 3058 would give the Post Oak Savannah Groundwater Conservation District authority to use export fees for county road improvements and environmental programs tied to well inspection and groundwater management. HB 2018 would clarify that the Texas Farm and Ranchland Conservation Program is intended to purchase conservation easements only on working agricultural lands, with support from cattle raisers and Farm Bureau representatives. The committee also considered HB 29, which would require large water systems to validate water loss audits and submit mitigation plans; a committee substitute removed the water-loss threshold and adjusted the timeline for more detailed validation. Public testimony on the bills was generally supportive, with several witnesses describing declining well levels, road damage from export projects, and the need to preserve agricultural land and local water supplies. The committee adopted committee substitutes and voted favorably on HB 29, HB 1689, HB 2018, SB 612, and SB 3058, recommending several of them for the local and uncontested calendar; HB 1633 was left pending awaiting a committee substitute.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> be permitted. be permitted.
• </c> paramutual and simoc casting permits. paramutual and simoc casting permits.
• </c> Don't allow any more permits. Don't allow any more permits.
• Governments need a clear fallback to granting permitting. Permitting should not be an asset.
• Governments need a clear fallback to granting permitting. Permitting should not be an asset.

Bills: SF0045, SJ0001

Keywords: pari-mutuel wagering, simulcasting, historic horse racing, HHR terminals, horse racing, gaming commission, Wyoming Gaming Commission, local control, city approval, county approval, municipal approval, permit renewal, gaming permit, wagering regulation, racetrack, live pari-mutuel event, district court appeal, public notice, land use, public safety

Transcript Highlights:

• hold winery permit.
• Current law prohibits holding both the winery permit, that's a T-A-B-C-G permit. and a non-resident sellers
• permit, a T-A-B-C-S permit, simultaneously.
• Coast ASRAC has an S permit acquired by Southern Champion, acquired. Southern Champion, a G permit.
• Regardless of the permit. type.

Bills: HB679, HB1764, HB1788, HB2186, HB2204, HB2418, HB2885, HB2983, HB2996, HB3250, HB3352, HB3756, HB3816, HB3913, HB3928, HB4077

Keywords: environment, regulation, land use, public health, community development, alcohol, Sunday sales, local option election, Texas, business hours, alcohol sales, liquor, off-premise consumption, alcoholic beverages, CPA, Certified Public Accountant, licensing, accountancy, state regulation, continuing education

Transcript Highlights:

• Uh, so this bill would require<00:02:21.599><c> Pellsby</c><00:02:22.160><c> to</c><00:02:22.319><c>
• adopt</c><00:02:22.640><c> rules</c><00:02:23.680><c> that</c> require Pellsby to adopt rules that require
• </c><00:07:33.919><c> for</c> required to screen students for required to screen students for characteristics
• And so our pre-service teachers, uh, a requirement that passed in 2019 requiring our educator prep programs
• And so our pre-service teachers, uh, a requirement that passed in 2019 requiring our educator prep programs

Bills: HF60, HF3067, HF3730, HF3638, HF3401

Keywords: interchange, bond issuance, transportation, infrastructure funding, Sherburne County, paraprofessional, paraprofessional qualifications, education support staff, teacher aide, teacher assistant, special education, Title I, federal personnel qualifications, Minnesota Department of Education, school district, charter school, cooperative unit, Read Act, reading instruction, math instruction

Transcript Highlights:

• ... the bill says to further require doctors to do the assessments.
• Everybody wants to be protective of their little thing because if they're doing something, it requires
• Where this is headed is, uh, we're going to now require you to use the medication.
• Don't we don't... require you to use this. We don't require step therapy anymore.
• These physicians will have to maintain their continuing education requirements as required by law.

Bills: HB322, HB346, HB336, HB384, SB237

Keywords: postpartum depression, postnatal care, maternal mental health, perinatal depression, postpartum screening, new mother, birth mother, newborn discharge, hospital discharge materials, public health education, maternal health, depression screening, health care providers, physicians, nurses, Alabama Department of Public Health, medical liability, standard of care, retired physicians, volunteer medical care

Transcript Highlights:

• It does not remove the insurance requirement; it just gives citizens another way to provide insurance
• House Bill 3323 removes the notarization requirement for documents submitted in an electronic format
• House bill 3443 has simply raises the oversize and overweight permit fees.
• An oversized and overweight permit fees should pay for the Weigh stations, and so this bill helps do
• There are a number of fees being raised, permit fees being raised.

Bills: HB1411, HB2980, HB3015, HB3147, HB3277, HB3323, HB3443, HB3882

Keywords: True Grit Trail, Oklahoma, tourism, signage, Department of Transportation, state parks, historical sites, economic development, motor vehicles, insurance, registration, verification, law enforcement, electronic credentials, Service Oklahoma, digital identification, data protection, driver's license, special license plates, Route 66

Transcript Highlights:

• It does not remove the insurance requirement, just give citizens another way to provide insurance so
• House Bill 3323 removes the notarization requirement for documents submitted in an electronic format
• House Bill 3443 simply raises the oversized and overweight permit fees.
• There are a number of fees being raised, permit fees being raised.
• There's a number of fees being raised, permit fees being raised.

Bills: HB1411, HB2980, HB3015, HB3147, HB3277, HB3323, HB3443, HB3882

Keywords: True Grit Trail, Oklahoma, tourism, signage, Department of Transportation, state parks, historical sites, economic development, motor vehicles, insurance, registration, verification, law enforcement, electronic credentials, Service Oklahoma, digital identification, data protection, driver's license, special license plates, Route 66

Summary: The Senate Aeronautics and Transportation Committee met and first laid over House Bills 3148 and 3982. It then heard and advanced several transportation-related measures, including HB 1411, which establishes the True Grit Trail to promote tourism in southeast Oklahoma; HB 2980, which lets tag agencies accept alternate proof of insurance when the online verification system is unavailable; HB 3015, which authorizes Service Oklahoma to issue electronic driver’s licenses; and HB 3147, which creates a Route 66 Centennial specialty license plate. All of those bills were reported out with unanimous or near-unanimous support and no stated fiscal impact in the cases discussed. The committee also advanced HB 3277, allowing vendors to use the National Insurance Crime Bureau for vehicle inspections when Highway Patrol staffing is limited, and HB 3323, which removes notarization requirements for certain electronic documents submitted to Service Oklahoma. HB 3443, which raises oversized and overweight permit fees to help fund weigh stations and reduce pressure on the roads fund, drew questions about prior funding and was estimated by ODOT to generate about $15 million; it advanced on a 9-1 vote. HB 3882, creating a dedicated revolving fund for industrial access and lake access improvement projects, also advanced on a 9-1 vote. Testimony was generally supportive, with authors explaining the bills as administrative efficiencies, tourism promotion, or funding adjustments. ODOT and Service Oklahoma officials answered questions on fiscal impact and implementation, including that the electronic credential system would be integrated with manufacturers like Apple and Google at no state cost. The committee noted it had several more House bills to hear in coming weeks and then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• Developers may not challenge construction requirements as unduly burdensome.
• consider several criteria for approval, including other permitted wells that may be impacted within
• or permit amendments.
• the permitting process.
• But the law doesn't require all of them to do so, and I think that this bill has improved by requiring

Bills: HB2018, HB1633, HB1689, SB612, SB3058

Keywords: agricultural conservation, land preservation, environmental protection, wildlife habitat, Texas Farm and Ranch, groundwater conservation district, Texas Water Code, water permit, permit amendment, groundwater permit, water rights, aquifer, well registration, exempt wells, beneficial use, water conservation, groundwater quality, well plugging, Hill Country Priority Groundwater Management Area, surface water resources

Transcript Highlights:

• those require medical interventions before a child returns to class.
• So we're not trying to say that a hospital cannot require masks for flus.
• They cannot require a The business's building or premises or to be employed.
• required, and they cannot require a type of vaccination.
• They have to have special job requirements. The... ...to fill.

Bills: HB2086, HB2248, HB2688

Keywords: vaccination mandates, mask requirements, public health, government entities, COVID-19, medical freedom, healthcare mandates, employment requirements, government regulation, vacant positions, state budget, government efficiency, employment, full-time equivalent positions, 1182, all

Transcript Highlights:

• What we're going to do is we're talking about permitted water only.
• They're permitted. They're given a permit by the OWRB to use so much water.
• All permitted water users at some point would be required to have a meter or alternate measuring device
• For those that do not participate in this, they would be required.
• Well, I think if I'm required to do something, I'm going to do it.

Bills: SB259

Keywords: groundwater, water rights, Oklahoma Water Resources Board, OWRB, water permits, water use reporting, metering, permit enforcement, groundwater waste, well permitting, cease and desist, fines and penalties, permit suspension, data centers, data processing facilities, cooling systems, evaporative cooling, closed-loop cooling, dielectric immersion cooling, animal feeding operations

Summary: The committee met for its final Energy meeting and took up Senate Bill 259, with Chair Newton offering an amendment as a condition for hearing the bill. The amendment focused on water protections for data centers, requiring low-consumptive cooling methods such as closed-loop, dielectric fluid, or air cooling when groundwater is the primary cooling source, and prohibiting traditional open-air evaporative cooling. Newton explained that the bill applies to permitted water users, not domestic household use, and is intended to ensure accurate measurement of high-volume water use such as irrigation and industrial use. Newton said the bill would require metering or another measuring device at a central point for permitted users, would not reduce a user’s allotment if they do not use their full permitted amount, and would allow the Oklahoma Water Resources Board to investigate complaints and assess escalating fines for waste or abuse. He also described a five-year averaging system that would allow users to exceed their annual allotment up to 150% in a single year as long as they remain within their permit over five years, and said the metering requirement would be phased in over time to reduce cost burdens. Members questioned the fiscal impact, whether the Oklahoma Water Resources Board costs would be covered by appropriations or fees, and why mandatory metering was preferable to a voluntary system. Newton responded that the board’s costs would be covered within its fee schedule, and argued that mandatory reporting and metering were needed to ensure compliance and long-term groundwater conservation, citing concerns about aquifer depletion and the importance of protecting water resources for future generations. The committee voted 8-0 to report Senate Bill 259 out with a do pass recommendation. The chair then thanked members and adjourned the meeting, noting it would be the committee’s last meeting.

Transcript Highlights:

• agency's permit."
• Law requires this, then let's move it along, right? Let's not require this stacking.
• Then you have 45 days to either approve the permit, deny the permit, or request from the applicant additional
• I'll start with Senate Bill 12, which aims to prohibit the requirements of additional licenses or permits
• issues your permit, and then another... ...that same entity won't issue that permit because there's

Bills: SB36, SB39, SB40, SB12, SB29, SB121, SB131, SB12

Keywords: competitive bidding, procurement, disclosure statements, state contracts, contract protest, board governance, occupational licensing, Sunset Law, public accountability, training requirements, SB40, Houston/Hunter Act, firearm hold agreement, gun storage, temporary firearm storage, firearms dealer, federal firearms licensee, FFL, civil immunity, gun owner

Transcript Highlights:

• That's a good point to that pulling the permit is not automatic.
• That's a good point to that pulling the permit is not automatic.
• Um so HD1 um would require about that.
• </c> you know people about this requirement. you know people about this requirement.
• <01:33:44.240><c> to</c> requirement to requirement to have<01:33:45.600><c> them</c><01:33:45.800><c

Bills: HB2614, HB1660, HB1704, HB1563, HB1573, HB1777, HB1749

Keywords: cosmetics, returns, refunds, consumer protection, high-pressure sales, transparency, accountability, HB1660, Hawaii, county labor standards, counties, contractors, building permits, permit denial, permit suspension, permit revocation, wage theft, wages, benefits, hours

Summary: The committee heard testimony on HB 2614, which would require merchants selling cosmetics to accept returns of newer unopened goods within specified time frames and expand signage requirements for return and refund policies. DCCA’s Office of Consumer Protection strongly supported the bill, citing updated figures of 180 cosmetic complaints from 2020 to 2025, 54 still under investigation, 148 referred to class action litigation, and more than $1.3 million in consumer losses. Members questioned whether the bill was needed given the pending lawsuit and whether bad actors would comply, while the office responded that clearer signage would improve consumer awareness and could reduce complaints without limiting other remedies. No vote was taken. The committee then heard HB 1660 HD1, which would allow counties to require contractors to disclose wage, benefit, hour, and employment-status information and to deny, revoke, or suspend permits for certain labor-law violations. DLIR, the Hawaii Regional Council of Carpenters, Operating Engineers Local 3, and Pacific Resource Partnership testified in support, arguing the measure would help deter cheating contractors, protect law-abiding employers, and keep bad actors from undercutting wages and taxes. One member raised concerns about possible delays to affordable housing projects and whether owners should be held responsible for contractors’ misconduct; supporters replied that compliance is a minimum standard, that county action would be discretionary rather than automatic, and that the bill would not bar counties from working with affordable housing developers. No action was reported. Finally, the committee took up HB 1704, adopting the Psychology Interjurisdictional Compact to allow telepsychology and temporary in-person practice across state lines. The Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, the State Health Planning and Development Agency, the Hawaii State Association of Counties, and the Hawaii Association of Health Plans supported the measure, saying it would help fill major staffing gaps, especially for forensic evaluations and services in rural and neighbor-island communities. The Board of Psychology raised concerns about the compact’s scope, the need for a study focused specifically on psychologists, background-check requirements, possible loss of regulatory authority and revenue, and the need to update older statutory provisions. Hawaii Association for Justice opposed the immunity language in the compact, and Shawn Scanlon opposed the bill, arguing it could weaken cultural responsiveness and local control and suggesting the state instead improve temporary licensing and other in-state pathways. The committee also questioned the Department of Corrections about its vacancies and whether telehealth could be filled by local providers; no vote was taken in the excerpt.

Transcript Highlights:

• We've got some measuring requirements that are put in on all of those permitted users.
• So there's a lot of people that aren't going to be affected by this, but those that are permitted, I'm
• And it is important for existing permit holders that the five-year flex allocation does not require permitting

Bills: SB1928, SB259

Keywords: groundwater, water rights, waste prevention, conservation, permitting, Oklahoma Water Resources Board, OWRB, water permits, water use reporting, metering, permit enforcement, groundwater waste, well permitting, cease and desist, fines and penalties, permit suspension, data centers, data processing facilities, cooling systems, evaporative cooling

Summary: The committee took up two water-related bills, both on committee substitutes with titles stricken. Senate Bill 259, carried over from the prior year, was described as a shortened version of earlier language that removed some provisions seen as burdensome and eliminated funding for the Water Resources Board. The author said the bill aims to recognize that water extends beyond property lines, add measuring requirements for permitted users, and preserve water for future generations while exempting domestic uses and pasture/livestock taps. After no questions or debate, the committee passed SB 259 by a vote of 7-1. The committee then heard Senate Bill 1928, which creates a voluntary five-year flex allocation program beginning January 1, 2027. The author said the program is intended to help existing permit holders measure and use water more efficiently without requiring new permitting or mandatory metering, and noted the proposal mirrors House language. He also explained that the original 200% annual cap had been reduced to 150% in the committee substitute. The bill passed 10-0. At the close, the chair noted both bills were heard to help develop broader water policy for Oklahoma and encouraged continued cooperation among interested parties. The committee then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• no</c><00:03:47.760><c> tax</c> market-driven solution requiring no tax market-driven solution requiring
• </c><00:07:27.919><c> in</c> solar generators only be permitted in solar generators only be permitted
• </c><00:07:36.319><c> in</c> should be only permitted in should be only permitted in condominiums.<00
• </c> relating to essential permitting relating to essential permitting positions.<00:15:55.680><c> Uh
• So, we'd like to permitting process.

Bills: SB2671, SB2902

Keywords: permit processing, permitting reform, county permits, development permits, building permits, land use, construction delays, housing development, infrastructure development, county workforce, differential pay, salary incentive, performance bonus, recruitment and retention, expedited hiring, vacancy rates, permit backlog, government modernization, county mayor, county council

Summary: The Senate Committee on Energy and Intergovernmental Affairs heard two measures. SB 2671, relating to essential permitting positions, drew no oral testimony beyond written comments from the Department of the Attorney General and the Office of Planning. The chair said the bill was intended to make government more efficient and reduce red tape in the permitting process. SB 2902, relating to renewable energy, received testimony from the Division of Consumer Advocacy, the Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Commission, the Public Utilities Commission, Kauai Island Cooperative, Bright Saver, and 350 Hawaii. Supporters described the bill as a way to expand access to plug-in or balcony solar, lower electricity bills, improve resilience, and broaden access for renters and apartment residents. Several testifiers urged amendments to avoid limiting the measure to condominiums, to remove condominium board approval language, and to eliminate utility or PUC registration requirements. The PUC said registration could help with safety, linemen protection, and circuit hosting-capacity concerns, and noted that improper installation or oversizing could create problems. After a brief recess, the committee voted to recommend both bills for passage with amendments and deferred each to April 19, 2042. The recommendations were adopted without objection.

Transcript Highlights:

• So maybe all permits required, contractors hired, whatever that list is, to ensure there’s not a loophole
• So maybe all permits required, contractors hired, whatever that list is to ensure there's not a loophole
• requirement.
• the water they withdraw remains above the salinity requirement.
• It also requires an energy source that is stable and redundant, and these processes all require a level

Bills: HB1523, HB2109, HB2694, HB3525, HB3898, HB4646, HB5188, HB5219, HB5320, HB5651, HB5655, HB5659, HB5662, HB5672

Keywords: aquifer conservation, Class V injection well, environmental regulation, groundwater protection, municipal water supply, temporary prohibition, water management, reservoir construction, state water plan, Texas Water Code, environmental impact, Brazoria Drainage District, commissioners, elections, vacancies, resignation, HB 3525, North Texas Groundwater Conservation District, groundwater permit, permit amendment

Summary: The Committee on Natural Resources heard House Bill 2109, which would remove certain long-proposed reservoir projects from the state water plan after 50 years without progress. Chairman Van Deaver and many landowners, local officials, timber interests, and conservation advocates testified in support, arguing that the Marvin Nichols Reservoir has burdened Northeast Texas landowners for decades with the threat of eminent domain, depressed property values, and uncertainty over homes, farms, ranches, schools, churches, and cemeteries. Supporters also said the project would flood tens of thousands of acres, require extensive mitigation, harm timber and agriculture, and that Texas now has better alternatives such as conservation, reuse, aquifer storage and recovery, and desalination. Several members expressed sympathy for the affected families and questioned whether a project could remain in the plan indefinitely without progress. Opposition came from North Texas water interests, including the North Texas Commission, Tarrant Regional Water District, and the Texas Water Association, who argued that the bill would interfere with the state’s long-term water planning process and remove needed future supply options for a fast-growing region. They said Region C faces major projected shortages by 2070, that conservation and reuse have already delayed the need for new supplies, and that reservoirs remain one tool in the state’s water-planning toolbox. TWDB staff explained the existing inter-regional conflict process and noted that the substitute would affect several unique reservoir sites, not just Marvin Nichols. After testimony, Chairman Van Deaver closed by urging passage of the bill, but the committee withdrew the substitute and left HB 2109 pending. The committee then took up House Bill 5188, a brackish groundwater bill. The author said the bill would reduce permitting burdens for wells in designated brackish groundwater production zones, and the committee substitute added requirements on monitoring, groundwater-rights ownership, and allocation of pumpage limits while removing some exclusions and export-fee provisions. Texas Wildlife Association testified against the bill, warning that the exemptions could weaken groundwater conservation districts’ ability to protect freshwater resources and surface-owner rights. San Antonio Water System testified in favor, saying brackish groundwater is a key future supply and that the substitute would help speed development of desalination and brackish projects. The Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts testified neutrally but raised concerns about reduced district oversight, especially around injection-well exclusions and the loss of export fees, and said discussions on the bill were ongoing.