Transcript Highlights:

• /c><00:03:25.080><c> evaluation</c> program for a screening and evaluation program for a screening and
• </c><00:07:06.400><c> And</c> driver care management program. And driver care management program.
• And this short pilot program gives us an opportunity to expedite and address public safety concerns and
• have</c> prevention and law enforcement have prevention and law enforcement have gotten<01:32:56.239>
• programs and build their trafficking programs and advocating<04:08:51.199><c> for</c><04:08:51.439><

Committee: House Criminal Justice and Public Safety

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Judiciary and Rules and Administration Committee.
• And so hopefully this is a preventive measure. Hopefully this ensures that this doesn't happen.
• It enables earlier intervention before irreversible harm occurs, and it treats coercive threats to expose
• And I do want to expand on the question pertaining to prevention because I think that's an opportunity
• And so I really look forward to taking this step further to talk about that prevention piece, how we

Committee: House Judiciary, Rules and Administration

Keywords: 989, all

Transcript Highlights:

• safe—materials about anatomy, health, abuse prevention, and helping victims.
• So if a law magnet program or criminal justice program were analyzing the Epstein files and the files
• And removing these perspectives prevents students from critically examining power, bias, and marginalized
• And removing these perspectives prevent students from critically examining power, bias, and marginalized
• through academic programs, extracurricular activities, teachers' salaries, and technological advancement

Summary: The House convened with prayer, a moment of silence for former member Terry Fields and the Parkland victims, the Pledge of Allegiance, and routine organizational actions including approval of the journal and adoption of a special order report. The chamber then took up House Bill 1119, relating to materials harmful to minors, which the sponsor described as a measure to clarify and strengthen standards for removing obscene or pornographic content from public school classrooms and libraries while preserving educational uses and not targeting classical literature, LGBTQ content, or other protected viewpoints. Members questioned the bill’s use of terms such as “predominantly,” its relationship to existing local review processes, the impact on AP/IB and college-level materials, the applicability to voucher-funded schools, and the risk of additional First Amendment litigation and costs. The sponsor responded that the bill was needed because current standards were being bypassed and that the legislation was aimed at material harmful to minors, not general literary value. The House considered numerous amendments, most of which were defeated. Amendments offered by Representatives Gant, Aristide, Bartleman, Eskamani, Nixon, Rainer, Woodson, and Harris sought, among other things, to preserve parental choice during review periods, restore a whole-work constitutional standard, limit repeated objections, protect educational and abuse-prevention materials, prevent LGBTQ-inclusive books from being labeled harmful solely on that basis, shield school districts from funding penalties, and delay enforcement in districts already under litigation. Supporters of the amendments argued that the bill would encourage censorship, remove books with clear literary or educational value, burden districts with costs and lawsuits, and harm students who rely on school libraries for access to reading material and representation. Opponents of the amendments argued the bill was necessary to protect minors from explicit content and that the proposed changes would weaken that protection. All of the amendments described in the transcript failed. After the amendment process, the House waived rules, read HB 1119 a third time by title, and entered structured debate on final passage. In closing debate, opponents repeated concerns about constitutional vulnerability, overbroad book removals, and the educational harm of limiting access to literature, while supporters framed the bill as a child-protection measure and a clarification of existing law. The transcript ends during the structured debate on final passage, before the final vote on the bill is shown.

Transcript Highlights:

• and it helps institutions keep programs viable and avoids duplicating costly specialized offerings.
• And it depends on the degree and program.
• It is a program that gives our students access to top-tier medical and veterinary programs throughout
• Statute establishes the school safety program within the department to promote and enhance a safe and
• to manage a program the size, complexity, and scope of the school safety program.

Committee: House House Education Committee of Reference

Summary: The committee began with member and staff introductions, then acted as the Education Committee of Reference for three required reviews. The first was the Credit Enhancement Eligibility Board sunset review. A governor’s office representative explained the board was created in 2016 to help qualifying schools, mostly charter schools, obtain lower-cost financing by guaranteeing debt with a $100 million fund. He said the board has approved 15 projects, has not met recently because it is at its statutory leverage limit, and has no dedicated staff or budget. Members supported continuation, and the committee voted by voice vote to recommend the board be continued for 10 years, until July 1, 2036. The committee then heard the sunset review of the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education (WICHE). WICHE leadership described its regional higher education compact and its student exchange and cost-savings programs, including WUE, WRGP, and PSEP. They said the programs save Arizona students money, bring students into Arizona institutions, and help address workforce shortages, especially in health care. A WICHE commissioner and the Arizona Board of Regents executive director also testified in support, emphasizing benefits for Arizona students, universities, and workforce pipelines. The committee voted by voice vote to recommend WICHE be continued for 10 years, until July 1, 2036. The final item was the Auditor General’s performance audit of the Arizona Department of Education school safety program. The audit found the program had grown to more than $128 million and funded over 1,000 school safety positions, but ADE did not ensure many sampled schools complied with requirements such as operational plans, safety teams, annual training, activity logs, and reimbursement documentation. The Auditor General said the department relied too heavily on written attestations and lacked sufficient monitoring and guidance, and recommended stronger oversight, written procedures, and better review of reimbursements. ADE’s school safety director responded that the department had expanded training and documentation systems, was implementing the audit recommendations, and had begun risk-based monitoring; he also said the department would add staff and invited the Auditor General to meet with ADE and ASU’s evaluator. After the audit discussion, the committee began considering House Bill 2142, which would create a school safety center at ADE and allow up to 10% of school safety program funds for administration, with members raising questions about monitoring emergency operations plans, disability-related evacuation planning, and coordination with other state agencies.

Transcript Highlights:

• ><c> the</c> people of Palestine and Israel and the people of Palestine and Israel and the resolution
• Madam Speaker, it's Wednesday, which means tonight is farmers night, and tonight's program is a little
• , and Recreation, and the Forest, Parks, and Recreation, and the Department<00:08:23.120><c> of</c><00
• </c> and 2606. and 2606.
• ><c> and</c> know, peeping into your window and and know, peeping into your window and and into<00:41

Keywords: 926, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• specific agency programs and processes as requested by the committee and listed on this slide.
• programs like Medicaid, CHIP, Women's Health, and.
• So Medicaid is a jointly funded state and federal healthcare program and long-term services and support
• So you'll see at the top left, the STAR program is children and pregnant and postpartum women.
• , programs and contractors.

Committee: House Human Services

Transcript Highlights:

• specific agency programs and processes as requested by the committee and listed on this slide.
• So, Medicaid is a jointly funded state and federal healthcare program and long-term services and support
• The STAR program is children and pregnant and postpartum women.
• Assistance Program or SNAP and our Temporary Assistance for Needy Families or TANF. program and we do
• And the legislative Goals behind that program were really to prevent entry into foster care to reunify

Committee: House Human Services

Keywords: 1184, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• vigilant and stay alert for heavy rain over the area in the late evening and early morning hours.
• So this Connected program is voluntary and free, and it assists governmental entities with selecting
• to guide our program on data collection and dissemination methods and on product development.
• GPS alarm armbands, especially for campers and organized parks and programs.
• GPS alarm armbands, especially from campers and organized parks and programs.

Summary: The joint Senate and House disaster preparedness and flooding hearing opened with quorum calls, prayer, testimony time limits, and remarks from legislative leaders emphasizing decorum, respect, and the goal of learning from the July 4 flood to prevent future loss of life. Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick and Speaker Dustin Burrows said the special session and hearings were intended to hear directly from local officials and residents, and that the state would pursue immediate and longer-term legislation and continue working beyond the current session. The committee then heard invited testimony from Kerr County, Kerrville, Kendall County, Real County, and the Upper Guadalupe River Authority, followed by member questions. Kerr County Judge Rob Kelly, Sheriff Larry Leitha, and emergency management coordinator William B. Thomas described the flood as a sudden, unprecedented event that overwhelmed local systems before many officials or residents understood the danger. They said the county received multiple National Weather Service and IPAWS alerts, but the rain fell in remote upstream areas with limited gauges, and the flood rose too quickly for normal response. They detailed the emergency response, including dispatchers handling heavy call volumes, deputies and volunteer firefighters conducting rescues, and state and federal partners assisting. County officials said 108 people died, including 37 children, and two remained missing. They called for better real-time flood detection, stronger rural emergency management resources, improved broadband and cell coverage, and more funding for swift-water rescue and warning systems. Kerrville Mayor Joe Herring and City Manager Dalton Rice said the city had floodplain rules, emergency plans, and prior preparedness efforts, but the event exposed gaps in communications and regional warning capacity. They urged the Legislature to fund a flood warning system, whether sirens, automated alerts, or a hybrid, and asked for support for predictive weather modeling, broadband expansion, a hazard mitigation fund, and disaster recovery resources. The Upper Guadalupe River Authority said it had long funded gauges and pursued flood-warning and mitigation projects, including a new software-based flood prediction system and possible retention dams, and planned to dedicate reserve funds to feasibility studies and infrastructure improvements. Kendall County Judge Shane Stolarczyk said his county’s emergency action plan and early alerts helped prevent deaths there, and he recommended easier access to alerting tools, a river-wide warning system, simpler grant applications, and regional coordination. Real County Judge Bella Rubio said rural counties face major challenges because of limited cell service, broadband, staffing, and funding, especially for camps and visitors along the Frio and Nueces rivers, and argued that reliable alert systems should be treated as a necessity, not a luxury. Members asked about the timeline of the flood, low-water crossings, communications failures, sirens, bridges, and funding, and several witnesses said the key lessons were better communications, better warning systems, and more investment in rural flood mitigation and emergency response.

Transcript Highlights:

• actually have earlier intervention and create an opportunity for their...
• And actually have earlier intervention and create an opportunity for there to be more family members
• So clearly the need is there, and so I think this program provides some coverage for those kiddos.
• The hunger is there, and this program would help.
• checks anything and this being a SNAP benefit program?

Committee: House A&B Human Services Subcommittee

Keywords: 914, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Papin and I could not reach agreement and proposed amendments, and they're in the analysis today and
• And that was consistent last year and this year.
• And that was consistent last year and this year.
• And Muni will cut service by 50 percent, and Cal-Train and AC Transit will unravel.
• Because to me, we've seen this in other transportation programs and projects.

Summary: The Assembly Transportation Committee heard SB 63 by Senator Wiener, as amended and coauthored by Senator Arreguín, a Bay Area transit funding measure intended to avert major service cuts at BART, Muni, Caltrain, and AC Transit. The authors said the region faces a fiscal cliff and that without new revenue, BART could collapse and other systems could face severe reductions. They described the bill as the product of extensive negotiations among the five Bay Area counties and transit operators, with San Mateo and Santa Clara counties opting in during the process. Much of the discussion focused on accountability and governance. Supporters said the bill includes some of the strongest oversight provisions in recent memory, including a third-party efficiency review and ad hoc adjudication committees that can withhold a portion of funding if operators fail to correct problems. Assembly Member Papin and Assembly Member Lackey argued the measure amounts to a taxpayer bailout with insufficient representation and too much control left to MTC, while the authors responded that the bill gives affected counties direct complaint and enforcement authority and that MTC must follow the ad hoc committees’ recommendations. Several members asked about complaint procedures, withholding thresholds, opt-in/opt-out issues, and whether the funding would return to the source counties if withheld. Testimony in support came from SPUR, Caltrain, MTC, the Bay Area Council, BART, SamTrans, VTA, San Francisco MTA, transit coalitions, environmental groups, local governments, and labor. Supporters emphasized the risk of severe service cuts, the importance of preserving recent investments such as Caltrain electrification, and the need for regional self-help. There was no registered opposition witness, though some members spoke against the bill. The committee ultimately voted 11-5 to pass SB 63 as amended to the floor, with the committee amendments also removing urgency language.

Transcript Highlights:

• data regarding police stops, arrests, uses of force, and complaints to the Crime Prevention and Justice
• force, and police stop is not a data point covered under the NIBRS program.
• force, and police stop is not a data point covered under the NIBRS program.
• force, and police stop is not a data point covered under the NIBRS program.
• force, and police stop is not a data point covered under the NIBRS program.

Committee: House Judiciary & Hawaiian Affairs

Keywords: 910, house, all

Summary: The committee first considered House Bill 1324, which would require the Judiciary to contract for legal services for residential tenants in landlord-tenant disputes and allow attorneys, paralegals, and law students to provide those services, with an appropriation. The Department of the Attorney General recommended removing reference to Hawaii Public Housing Authority tenants because HPHA eviction proceedings are administrative and could conflict with the bill. Hawaii Appleseed and other testifiers strongly supported the measure, citing studies showing much higher tenant retention when counsel is available, and suggested adding notice of the right to counsel at key points such as rent increases, eviction notices, and lease signing. The committee adopted amendments, including the Attorney General’s suggested change and a technical amendment, and passed the bill out with a recommendation to move it forward; members voted aye, with one member voting with reservations and several excused. The committee then heard House Bill 126 on property forfeiture, which would increase transparency and accountability in civil asset forfeiture by clarifying covered property, changing disposition rules, and removing language requiring liberal construction of the forfeiture act. The Attorney General said forfeiture remains an important law enforcement tool and that the bill would not impair its use. The Office of the Public Defender supported the measure but argued civil forfeiture is broadly problematic because many people cannot meaningfully challenge it and are not entitled to counsel. Honolulu Police Department opposed the bill, saying forfeiture is useful in fighting illegal activity and that added procedures would delay enforcement and reduce operational funding from forfeiture proceeds. Community Alliance on Prisons, the Drug Policy Forum of Hawaii, and other supporters urged reform or abolition of civil forfeiture, citing transparency concerns and the risk of abuse. No vote on HB 126 was taken in the portion provided. The final measure discussed was House Bill 166, which would require the state to defend professionally licensed or certified state employees in certain civil actions, allow employees to hire their own counsel at their own expense, and set a process for the Attorney General to transfer or withdraw representation if the state declines to defend. Testimony from the Hawaii Association for Justice and labor representatives was in strong support, describing the bill as a negotiated clarification that balances employee protections with accountability and noting it had passed previously but died in conference. The transcript cuts off before any committee action on HB 166.

Transcript Highlights:

• And with the Affordable Connectivity Program ended and the Digital Equity Act jeopardized by the Trump
• for the innovation and in fact parents in government for fantastic programming for the innovation and
• And we've actually seen states' education programs for parents, children, and families to educate them
• Senate Bill 41 and House Bill 91 and act to modernize funding for community media programming.
• some rules and standards and training programs across the state.

Committee: Joint Joint Committee on Advanced Information Technology, the Internet and Cybersecurity

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The committee held its second hearing on a large docket of technology, internet, cybersecurity, broadband, and media bills. Early testimony focused on community media funding legislation, with lawmakers and local access advocates arguing that as cable subscriptions decline and streaming grows, revenue tied to cable franchises no longer supports community television and PEG programming. Supporters said community media remains a key source of local news, government meeting coverage, and civic transparency as newspapers disappear or consolidate. A related bill on cable contract oversight also drew support, with testimony that the Department of Telecommunications and Cable is backlogged and should more actively review municipal-provider agreements and report its workload to the committee. Another major topic was a proposal to create a Massachusetts Innovation Fund for state IT modernization. The Alliance for Digital Innovation backed the bill, saying agencies need flexible upfront capital to replace outdated systems and improve cybersecurity, and pointing to the federal Technology Modernization Fund as a model. The witness noted that funding for the state program still needs to be identified. The committee also heard strong support for a bill requiring free broadband in public housing, with Rep. Emmela Goodwin and MAPC describing internet access as essential for jobs, school, telehealth, and civic participation. They said the digital divide in Massachusetts is driven largely by affordability rather than infrastructure, though questions were raised about costs, wiring, and whether all housing sites already have broadband access available at the curb. A substantial portion of the hearing centered on bills to limit addictive social media feeds for minors. Supporters, including lawmakers, parents, teens, and advocacy groups, argued that algorithmic feeds contribute to addiction, anxiety, body image problems, and other harms, and said the bills would restrict surveillance-based curation and overnight notifications while leaving search and followed accounts available. Opponents, including FIRE, CCIA, and the Taxpayers Protection Alliance, argued the bills would require invasive age verification, threaten privacy and cybersecurity, burden adults’ anonymity, and likely face First Amendment challenges. They also warned the measures could disadvantage smaller businesses and may be unconstitutional based on recent court rulings in other states. The committee also heard support for blockchain-related bills creating a commission, a pilot program, and consumer education efforts, with testimony that Massachusetts has the talent but needs a coordinated state strategy. No votes or final actions were taken during the hearing.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:25:49.200><c> So,</c><00:25:49.600><c> as</c><00:25:49.919><c> a</c> and the metroomobility program
• So, as a and the metroomobility program.
• And then the Metro Mobility costs are about 6% of the Metro Mobility program, or around $6 million in
• my opinion and and and your guys' &gt;&gt; Thank my opinion and and and your guys' thoughts.<00:37:38.240
• Chair and and member. Uh we do &gt;&gt; Yeah, Mr. Chair and and member.

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• and out-of-school time programs.
• for... all students to have those programs and after-school programming and things of that sort.
• affected by programs, how a program is designed, and how it interacts with existing policies and systems
• , and program and account administrators.
• Florida has two programs, and Tennessee has two programs.

Transcript Highlights:

• And so when we look at our nursing education programs in Florida, and the number of programs that exist
• an increase in our retention rate with our PN programs and increase with the ADN programs, and holding
• and increase with the ADN programs.
• faculty vacancies in the PN programs, the ADN programs, and the BSN programs, statewide BSN programs
• expanding faculty recruitment and retention programs, which the line funding and the legislature and

Committee: Senate Appropriations Committee on Higher Education

Summary: The Appropriations Committee on Higher Education met to focus on nursing education funding, workforce supply, and Florida’s low NCLEX pass rates. The chair emphasized that Florida ranks last nationally in nursing exam pass rates and said the committee wants to use budget decisions and a forthcoming nursing bill to improve outcomes. The Florida Center for Nursing at USF presented preliminary workforce and education data showing RN supply is moving toward equilibrium with demand through 2037, while LPN shortages are projected to worsen, especially in some regions. The center also reported on enrollment, retention, faculty vacancies, and NCLEX trends, noting Florida still underperforms the national average but has shown some recent improvement, including higher RN pass rates in 2024 despite fewer test takers. The center highlighted that students who test sooner after graduation tend to pass at higher rates. A panel of nursing education leaders from public universities, state colleges, technical colleges, and private institutions described how prior state pipeline and line-item funding helped expand enrollment, simulation labs, faculty hiring, student support services, and partnerships with hospitals. UNF, Galen College, College of Central Florida, Keiser University, and Lorenzo Walker Technical College each reported strategies such as expanded simulation, mental health and social work support, test-prep and remediation, and efforts to grow faculty pipelines. Several speakers said faculty recruitment and retention remain major barriers because of salary competition with hospitals, faculty debt, and aging faculty. Technical college representatives also stressed the need to strengthen LPN pathways, English-language support, and LPN-to-RN bridge programs. Members asked for ideas to improve NCLEX outcomes and discussed possible policy options, including student loan forgiveness, critical shortage supplements for faculty, incentives for students to test soon after graduation, and possible changes to timing or regulation around NCLEX eligibility. Several witnesses supported more flexible or recurring funding, while noting that one-time line funding has been useful for simulation, scholarships, and faculty support but is harder to sustain. The committee adjourned after the discussion, with the chair saying the ideas would be considered in future funding and policy decisions.

Transcript Highlights:

• quality and safety of patients and residents.
• The next bill is Senate 480, House 795, An Act Promoting Infection Prevention and Privacy for Residents
• And the cries for help go on unheard and disbelieved.
• And the cries for help go on insert and disbelieved.
• However, he had a spark for life and a written desire to continue living, even with major intervention

Committee: Joint Joint Committee on Aging and Independence

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The Committee on Aging and Independence heard testimony on a package of long-term care and elder care bills focused on building on the state’s 2024 long-term care reform law (Chapter 197). Richard Moore of Dignity Alliance urged favorable action on the bills as a “long-term care 2.0” effort, arguing they would strengthen the workforce, protect residents’ rights, improve clinical quality, and increase transparency and sustainability in nursing homes and other facilities. He also raised concerns about staffing funds not reaching direct care workers and suggested further oversight of how appropriated money is spent. Patricia Crispy of the American Nurses Association testified in support of House Bill 766, which would require at least one registered nurse with full voting rights on the board of directors or trustees of every acute care hospital and nursing home. She and the bill’s sponsor, Representative Vanado, said nurses’ clinical expertise and 24/7 presence make them valuable contributors to governance and patient safety. Committee members asked whether the bill would cover assisted living and how many facilities already have nurse board members; the witness said she would provide more data and clarify the assisted living question. Senator Lovely testified on two bills: Senate 479, which would expand transparency and accountability in long-term care by tightening fire safety, smoking, hearing-loss, and ownership disclosure requirements, adding advocacy groups to an advisory committee, and increasing penalties; and Senate 480/House 795, which would require single-occupancy rooms in nursing homes unless residents consent to share, to improve privacy and reduce infection spread. Deborah De Benedictus also testified in support of House 759, describing her father’s experience in assisted living and arguing for the use of cameras in elder care facilities to monitor care and deter neglect. The committee discussed privacy concerns, notification rules, and the need for honest staffing and care practices, and then adjourned without taking any recorded votes or formal actions in the transcript.

Transcript Highlights:

• Trauma and violence and unpredictable public confrontations.
• contracts that will come out of all of the Olympic Games and investments in and around California and
• It was evident that ChatGPT was programmed to keep its users engaged, and it engaged with Adam on every
• Pete Nielsen, with the California Consortium Addiction Programs and Professions, here in support.
• mental health and suicide prevention space.

Summary: The Assembly Business and Professions Committee heard several Senate bills, with most of the discussion focused on worker training, public safety, and consumer protection. SB 1203 by Senator Smallwood-Cuevas would expand training and de-escalation requirements for private security officers. Supporters, including security workers and labor groups, said the bill would better prepare officers who often respond first to mental health crises and violent incidents. Opponents, including security industry representatives and business groups, argued it would impose major costs, create training bottlenecks, and could reduce licensed security coverage. The committee ultimately voted the bill out on a due pass recommendation to Labor and Employment, with some members noting future amendments to address training capacity and employer-provided training. The committee also approved SB 936 by Senator Blakespear, which would restrict retail sales of nitrous oxide canisters larger than 8 grams while preserving legitimate medical, dental, culinary, and automotive uses. Support came from county officials, public health groups, waste management organizations, law enforcement, and local governments, who described rising misuse, impaired driving, and recycling hazards. No opposition testimony was presented, and the bill passed to Public Safety. SB 1271 by Senator Reyes, aimed at strengthening California’s midwifery training pipeline by requiring data collection on licensed midwife preceptor capacity, also passed unanimously to Health. Supporters said the bill would help address shortages in rural birth care and improve access to training for aspiring midwives. SB 903 by Senator Padilla, which would place guardrails on the use of AI in mental health and psychotherapy settings and prohibit AI from being marketed as a therapist, drew emotional testimony from a mother whose son died by suicide after extensive chatbot interactions. Health and behavioral health groups supported the measure, while several industry and health organizations were opposed unless amended; the committee nevertheless sent it to Privacy and Consumer Protection on a unanimous vote. The committee also approved SB 1165 on consent and then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• The CPUC is tasked with developing and implementing policies and programs that deliver access to this
• And our California Connect Program, also known as the Deaf and Disabled Telecommunications Program, provides
• And then I'll turn to universal service and the questions of the affordable connectivity program.
• And so that goes for both the BEAD program and the executive orders you just mentioned.
• CDT has multiple programs and initiatives underway.

Committee: House Communications and Conveyance

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Let's go ahead and petition the court and say, here is all of the photos.
• And then what happens is they go into prison and then they get treated.
• And then what happens is they go into prison and then they get treated.
• and kill people.
• And if there could have been interventions earlier, it's possible that he wouldn't have had years to

Committee: House Legislative Review

Keywords: 959, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• And so, um, and you talked about, uh, the difference between disproportionality and disparity, and you
• And so, um, and you talked about, uh, the difference between disproportionality and disparity, and you
• civil fines or penalties, that money be allocated to Youth Intervention Program grants administered
• chair and senator for the question and chair and senator for the question and the<01:03:06.760><c> the
• c> continue and so Mr chairman and chair continue and so Mr chairman and chair and<01:38:42.760><c> members

Committee: Senate Judiciary and Public Safety

Keywords: 1187, senate, all