Transcript Highlights:

• </c><01:07:28.559><c> and</c> they manage our forms development and they manage our forms development
• </c><02:28:17.240><c> is</c> Department of Economic Development is Department of Economic Development
• We have two existing divisions: Economic Development and Travel and Tourism Development.
• </c> the office of planning and development the office of planning and development and<02:37:44.840><
• </c><02:38:05.160><c> travel</c> divisions Economic Development travel divisions Economic Development

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: New Hampshire Housing Finance Authority officials, led by Executive Director Rob Dapice, briefed legislators on the agency’s structure and funding. They explained that the authority is created by state law but is not a state agency, its debt is not state debt, and it is governed by a board appointed by the governor and approved by the Executive Council. The discussion focused on the Affordable Housing Fund and the lead paint hazard remediation fund, including how state appropriations and federal resources are combined to finance affordable rental housing and lead abatement work. Dapice said the Affordable Housing Fund is used as gap financing for multifamily affordable housing projects, typically alongside federal tax credits and tax-exempt bonds, and that state dollars leverage roughly 2:1 to 10:1 in additional federal and private investment, averaging about 4:1. He said the fund has received historic appropriations in recent budgets, including $30 million over the last two biennial budgets and an annual $5 million set-aside from the real estate transfer tax. He also said the fund is usually structured as 0% interest, deferred loans rather than grants, with repayments returning to the fund if projects generate cash flow. Members asked about rents, oversight, staffing, revenues, and whether the programs had added positions. Dapice said affordability restrictions generally last 30 to 99 years, rents are tied to income limits and capped so tenants pay no more than 30% of income, and compliance staff inspect properties regularly to verify income eligibility and rent limits. He said the organization has about 130 to 135 employees, down from about 145, with no new positions added because of the appropriations. He estimated total revenues at roughly $300 million, with administrative budget around $22 million, much of it pass-through grant money. On lead paint remediation, he said the state first appropriated $6 million in 2019, plus $1 million in ARPA funds, and that the program has cleared more than 500 units. He said the federal grant program is not annual or predictable, with a recent award of about $7.75 million, and that the maximum federal grant per unit is $177,000, typically paired with up to $100,000 in state loan support. He also noted that the program can address homes before a child is poisoned if lead hazards are identified, but that cases involving an already exposed child are a higher priority. No votes or formal actions were taken.

Transcript Highlights:

• That being said, the reason why I'm here is that there is an ongoing broadband development project in
• Uh, broadband development was a cool thing in the legislature.
• She's doing this kind of on, uh, just as a side project as being the economic development director for
• With the Broadband Development Office. He is the director.
• Um, Greg Conte, director of the Broadband Development Office here as a witness testifying neutral on

Committee: House S/C on Telecommunications & Broadband

Transcript Highlights:

• And then they have $10 million accounted for to launch a state infrastructure development grant program
• care of rural Oklahoma through their needs through the REAP program, establishing the economic development
• And, in fact, it was never fully developed. A previous Energy Secretary had intended to use it.
• The information provided to me is that this board was never developed.
• And so, but no, I'm not sure that there's educational for developers.

Bills: SB1191 , SB1314 , SB1319 , SB1333 , SB1346 , SB1439 , SB1509 , SB1510 , SB1613

Committee: Senate Energy

Keywords: SB1191, Oklahoma Energy Initiative Act, Oklahoma Low Carbon Energy Initiative Board, low carbon energy, clean energy, energy policy, renewable energy, board repeal, statutory repeal, administrative board, energy committee, natural resources, Oklahoma statutes, 17 O.S. 802.3, groundwater, indemnity fund, well drilling, pollution prevention, regulatory compliance, SB1319

Transcript Highlights:

• It would probably have taken professional development people to come in and teach, too.
• It will keep cities from coming into those larger tracts of land and working with developers and going
• And a city would come in, and a developer would want to buy a large tract of land.
• Also, we have issues dealing with the development of infrastructure.
• I mean, I understand what you're saying, but at the same time, you over-develop an area by doing this

Committee: House Government Efficiency

Summary: The Committee on Government Efficiency heard House Bill 2226, sponsored by Rep. Riggs, which would require fiscal notes to estimate the employee hours needed to implement new programs, in addition to costs. Riggs argued the bill would help lawmakers understand the real workload imposed by mandates, especially on schools and teachers, and said it was similar to language that previously passed committee. Several members supported the concept, citing burdens on educators and the need for better information, though some questioned the bill’s own fiscal note and suggested fiscal notes should be more accurate or grounded in facts. No vote was taken during the hearing, and the bill was opened to public testimony but no witnesses spoke for or against before the hearing closed. The committee then heard House Bill 2330, sponsored by Rep. West, an annexation bill. West said the bill would raise the contiguity requirement for annexation from 15% to 25%, bar cities from annexing adjacent unincorporated areas within 24 months of a prior annexation, and repeal a petition-based annexation procedure in certain counties. He argued the measure would slow aggressive annexation, protect rural landowners and county zoning, and reduce strain on roads, schools, water, sewer, and emergency services. Members generally agreed the bill addressed real concerns about strip annexation and overdevelopment, though some questioned whether the 25% threshold was too restrictive and whether the bill should distinguish between voluntary and involuntary annexation. A witness from St. Charles County testified in support, while an opposition witness said the bill reflected a misunderstanding of existing annexation law and noted current procedures already include voter protections and zoning review. The hearing concluded without a vote.

Transcript Highlights:

• We have all the development rights. Yes. We're at the foothills of the mountains.
• We have all the development rights. Yes. We're at the foothills of the mountains.
• I'm the associate director of government relations and policy at the Housing Development Consortium.
• These units are developed and built the same way my house is built, and it's a townhome, but it does
• Unfortunately, we've heard from developers that even with our new zoning tools, stacked flats will be

Summary: The committee heard public testimony on House Bill 2239, which would allow family burial grounds on privately owned land and exempt them from private cemetery requirements, while imposing limits such as recording burials with the county auditor, setbacks, and a cap on the burial ground covering no more than 10% of the parcel. The sponsor said the bill is intended to help rural landowners and families, including Native communities, keep burials on land with family and cultural significance. Testimony from a farmer and the Washington Cattlemen’s Association strongly supported the bill as a way to honor family ties to land. A question was raised about what happens if a later property owner wants to disturb an existing burial ground; staff said the bill requires notice but is silent on that issue. No action was taken on HB 2239 in the transcript. The committee also heard House Bill 2304, a follow-up to last year’s condominium liability reform, expanding the option for declarants to use a 2-10 warranty for stacked-flat or mid-rise condominium buildings up to four stories. Supporters from housing, real estate, builders, AARP, Habitat for Humanity, the City of Seattle, and others said the bill would reduce liability barriers, increase condo production, and create more attainable and accessible homeownership options for first-time buyers, older adults, and people with mobility challenges. The Office of Insurance Commissioner supported the bill but suggested technical language changes to avoid referring to the warranty as insurance. Members asked about consumer protections and the distinction between warranties and insurance, and staff and testifiers noted existing layers of protection. No vote was taken on HB 2304 in the transcript. In executive session, staff summarized House Bill 2095 on vulnerable users of public ways and House Bill 2248 on Secretary of State filing processes. For HB 2095, staff described a proposed substitute and several amendments, including changes to education requirements, civil liability language, protected areas, punitive damages thresholds, and liability rules. For HB 2248, staff said the proposed substitute made cleanup and consistency changes to corporate filing provisions. The committee then moved the proposed substitute for HB 2248 out of committee with a due pass recommendation, and it passed 11-0 with two excused members. Action on HB 2095 was deferred to a later date.

Transcript Highlights:

• Development Finance Corporation.
• , we can shape decades of development. timelines.
• The next few years could be incredibly important in terms of the development of technology.
• We're talking about development of the grid and stabilization of the grid.
• It is time now infusion to shave off decades of development time cycles.

Committee: Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee

Keywords: nominations, Undersecretary of Energy, Undersecretary of Science, Preston Griffith, Dario Gil, energy policy, scientific innovation

Summary: The meeting was convened to discuss several significant nominations, particularly focusing on Preston Wills Griffith III for Undersecretary of Energy and Dr. Dario Gil for Undersecretary of Science. The committee underscored the importance of these roles in shaping American energy policy and scientific innovation. The discussion highlighted the nominees' backgrounds, with Griffith having extensive experience at the Department of Energy and the White House, and Gil bringing expertise in quantum technology and energy research. Members expressed a strong desire to understand the nominees' perspectives on current challenges facing the energy sector, including regulatory mandates and national security concerns. The meeting concluded with a commitment to ensuring thorough evaluations of the candidates and their proposed approaches to pressing issues.

Transcript Highlights:

• Chairman, this is a bill regarding plans developed by state agencies for operating during extreme weather
• PLAs are more than just a contractual tool; they're a strategic workforce development mechanism.
• Delays have directly impacted my career development, and that's why I oppose House Bill 1951.
• That would be the entire nation's data center development over the next five years in one region of the
• This is going to be an attractive place for data centers to develop.

Bills: HB1951 , HB2715 , HB3092 , HB3237 , HB3278 , HB3511 , HB3592 , HB3675 , HB3778 , HB3782 , HB3826 , HB3970 , HB4016 , HB4049 , HB4341 , HB4344 , HB4406 , HB4427

Committee: House State Affairs

Keywords: collective bargaining, public works, government contracts, labor agreements, state funding, removal from office, political subdivisions, local government, judicial proceedings, administrative judicial region, electric transmission, public convenience, landowner consent, utility regulation, energy infrastructure, energy consumption, higher education, governmental entities, sustainability, electricity reduction

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:08:44.560><c> members</c> broadband and rural development members broadband and rural development
• <c> rural</c> agriculture veterans broadband and rural agriculture veterans broadband and rural development
• and Senator Lang did you development and Senator Lang did you have<00:10:02.079><c> an</c><00:10:02.240
• </c><00:10:26.160><c> on</c><00:10:26.399><c> that</c> broadband and Rural Development on that broadband
• and Rural Development on that motion<00:10:26.959><c> all</c><00:10:27.079><c> in</c><00:10:27.240><

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• , Louisiana Works, broadband development and connectivity, the Office of Community Development, and the
• Office of Rural Development.
• Fast Start, those projects, those site development projects, is a huge beginning for that.
• Fast start, those projects, those site development projects is a huge beginning for that.
• I think we have a kayak landing in development on the Boguchita, so I don't, you know.

Committee: House Commerce, Consumer Protection, and International Affairs

Summary: The committee first deferred House Bill 1102 without hearing it. It then took up House Concurrent Resolution 66, which urges Louisiana Economic Development and other state agencies to continue studying rural parishes’ economic assets, infrastructure, workforce, and development opportunities. Representative Weible and Secretary Bougoir described the resolution as part of a broader effort to align state rural programs and create a strategic framework for rural development. Members emphasized infrastructure, workforce training, local coordination, and retaining young people in rural communities. An amendment requiring LED to report to the legislature by January 1, 2027 was adopted, and HCR 66 was reported favorably as amended. The committee next considered Senate Bill 102, which would allow qualified trade associations for motor vehicle dealers to bring declaratory and injunctive actions against manufacturers on behalf of dealers. Senator Presley and the Louisiana Automobile Dealers Association said the bill would consolidate similar disputes into one action, reduce costs, and help smaller dealers avoid retaliation or uneven litigation. Questions focused on standing, the limited remedies, and whether the bill would affect nontraditional sales models. Technical amendments were adopted, and SB 102 was reported favorably as amended. Senate Bill 521, concerning banks’ continued use of a non-surviving bank’s name after mergers or consolidations, drew the most debate. Senator Boudreau and former Senator Fred Mills said the bill would preserve community-bank identity while following FDIC guidance on clear disclosure and consumer notice. Several members raised concerns about codifying federal guidance, future changes to federal rules, and whether the bill should instead set a fixed transition period; an amendment to limit use of the old name to 24 months was adopted after discussion. Another proposed amendment tying the bill to 1998 FDIC branch-name guidance failed on a roll call vote. The bill, as amended, was then reported favorably. The committee also advanced House Bill 387, which narrows the scope of incidental engineering work by architects and clarifies the state fire marshal’s authority to review plans under both architecture and engineering laws, and House Bill 1228, which updates hearing-aid dealer licensing and consumer-protection rules, including testing periods, cooling-off rights, and refund/cancellation procedures. Both bills were reported favorably with technical amendments. The transcript then shifted to additional measures, including House Bill 975 on Public Service Commission reconstitution and several Senate bills by Senator Abraham on self-storage facilities and contractor licensing, but the provided text cuts off before those items are fully concluded.

Transcript Highlights:

• We partnered with FYI Plus and facilitated some youth focus groups when we developed the workbook.
• The youth workbook was developed, and I was really excited about that project.
• We have been given the opportunity to develop this pilot and have these outcomes.
• Development takes sometimes five years; it doesn't just happen overnight or over certain terms.
• are a hub with a provide places for small businesses to develop their products.

Committee: House Legislative Health & Human Services Committee

Transcript Highlights:

• Over half a million dollars for the Office of Enterprise Technology Services to develop accessibility
• </c><00:30:41.039><c> a</c> committee members for developing a committee members for developing a solutionoriented
• , economic development and diversification, and environmental sustainability.
• ,</c> education and workforce development, education and workforce development, economic<00:32:50.799
• ><c> development</c><00:32:51.279><c> and</c> economic development and economic development and diversification

Keywords: 912, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Minnesota is uniquely positioned to be a national leader in research and development, with world-class
• Minnesota is uniquely positioned to be a national leader in research and development, with world-class
• Minnesota is uniquely positioned to be a national leader in research and development, with world-class
• So if we want to drive growth in Minnesota, we need to drive research and development here.
• stays done in research and development stays done in Minnesota<00:58:53.799><c> yes</c><00:58:54.160

Bills: HF4 , HF173

Committee: House Taxes

Keywords: tax relief fund, budget surplus, surplus revenue, tax rebate, tax refund, one-time refund, income tax, property tax, constitutional amendment, Minnesota Constitution, general fund, budget reserve, taxpayer relief, state surplus, fiscal forecast, wealthy taxpayers, high-income exclusion, 2026 ballot, referendum, surplus distribution

Transcript Highlights:

• As data center development accelerates across North Dakota...
• In our agency, we would likely be able to spend more of their time training, doing development, developing
• You don’t even need to have a developer to set up integrations anymore.”
• You don’t even need to have a developer to set up integrations anymore.
• And so if you're familiar with the software development...

Committee: Joint Information Technology Committee

Summary: The committee received a series of informational reports from NDIT and DPI on major IT projects, cybersecurity, and the K-12 student information system transition. Justin Data reviewed the quarterly major project portfolio, noting 111 projects totaling about $542.8 million, generally under budget and slightly behind schedule overall. He highlighted three schedule-red projects: Bed Management System and Vital Records, both now complete and being closed out, and the Roadway Capital Planning Project, which is delayed due to vendor bug fixes after user testing. He also summarized new project startups, including the Attorney General’s Victim Notification System, HHS Medicaid correctional facilities data exchange, Highway Patrol’s motor carrier e-permit system, and additional RIMS work, and answered questions about project timing, funding, and whether work had begun on legislatively funded IT projects. Chris Gurgan, NDIT’s chief information security officer, reported on mandatory cybersecurity incident reporting under HB 1314. He said 77 incidents have been reported since August 2021, with 47 meeting the statutory definition of a cybersecurity incident; phishing remains the most common type, followed by email quarantine alerts, XDR detections, and malware. He emphasized that most incidents are resolved, but that timely reporting is critical for any chance of recovering funds in business email compromise or ransomware cases. He also described several notable incidents since the last report, including the PowerSchool breach, a SimpleHelp intrusion at a school district, a court intrusion, a WSUS vulnerability, a business email compromise at a K-12 district, and a recent ransomware report involving a non-state critical infrastructure entity. Members asked about smishing, MFA, conditional access, security awareness training, and recovery of lost funds; Gurgan said state systems use phishing-resistant MFA and conditional access, training is provided to state employees and offered to political subdivisions on an opt-in basis, and broader cybersecurity maturity assessments are underway. Craig Falkley gave brief reports on coordination with political subdivisions and higher education, including shared networking, cybersecurity, radio/911, PeopleSoft, and co-location services. He also explained distributed ledger technology as a tool for decentralized, secure data sharing, but said the state has limited use for it and would likely frame future reporting more broadly around emerging technologies. The committee then heard from Tony Ambrose of DPI on the statewide Infinite Campus implementation. He said district implementations are underway, but the project had to terminate its original data migration vendor for poor performance and replace it with Aurora Educational Technology, which had experience with a similar North Carolina migration. He also said DPI is moving special education data from Tynet into Infinite Campus, is still working through how to preserve e-transcripts and Choice Ready-type functionality after the PowerSchool transition, and is developing identity, authentication, and data-sharing arrangements for the summer cutover. Members raised concerns about procurement timing, summer school disruption, and whether some functions would be ready by July 1.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> And this bill will help us develop And this bill will help us develop better<00:17:04.640><c> policy
• </c><00:25:34.559><c> or</c> to the consideration development or to the consideration development or
• development competitiveness advancing development efforts<00:32:45.760><c> favorable</c><00:32:46.159
• </c> Services to develop to develop the the Services to develop to develop the the the<00:56:34.880><
• </c><00:59:42.240><c> Authority,</c> County Sutland Development Authority, County Sutland Development

Keywords: Senate streaming session for Monday, April 13, 2026, 960, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• And sometimes that takes a while to get the state to do projects associated with business development
• What this program does, it allows that developer to go ahead and build it all up front.
• And that developer would like to spend more money on an infrastructure project, which I think would be
• This is from a new development. A new project goes in.
• The developer takes most of the risk on this for them to be able to do it.

Summary: The House Revenue and Taxation Committee met on January 20, 2026, approved the minutes from its January 14 meeting, and noted some members had trouble accessing materials on OneDrive, with hard copies to be distributed. The committee then heard RS 32920, sponsored by Representative Jason Monks, which would raise the minimum and maximum project sizes under the STARS program from $6 million to $10 million and from $35 million to $100 million. Monks described STARS as a voluntary program that lets developers front infrastructure costs for retail projects and recover part of the resulting new sales tax revenue, arguing the change reflects inflation and larger modern projects. Members asked about the existing rebate cap, how much has been rebated to date, and the fiscal impact of potentially reducing future tax revenue. Monks said the cap and repayment structure already exist in current law, that the bill only changes the project-size limits, and that the rebates apply to new revenue generated by the development rather than existing tax collections. He also said he would follow up with more information on rebate totals and on how the program interacts with highway districts and ITD, including whether engineering or related agency costs are covered. Representative Birch said he would support the motion but wanted to better understand the long-term consequences and fiscal effects. After brief debate, the committee voted by voice vote to introduce RS 32920. The chair also noted quorum was present, the secretary served silently, and there would be no Revenue and Taxation meeting the next day, with a possible meeting on Thursday pending House announcements.

Transcript Highlights:

• And sometimes that takes a while to get the state to do projects associated with business development
• What this program does, it allows that developer to go ahead and build it all up front.
• And that developer would like to spend more money on an infrastructure project, which I think would be
• This is from a new development. New project goes in.
• The developer takes most of the risk on this for them to be able to do it.

Committee: House Revenue and Taxation

Keywords: 989, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Mohamed Time and is referred to the Committee on Commerce and Economic Development.
• implications to our economic development implications to our resilience<00:15:38.040><c> plan.
• And as far as the brain science and development argument goes, I find it ironic that oftentimes...
• </c><01:17:32.640><c> 930</c><01:17:33.200><c> were</c> uh developing and discussing H. 930 were uh developing
• </c><01:24:11.800><c> and</c> encourage the development and encourage the development and maintenance

Keywords: 926, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:08:53.400><c> recommendations</c><00:08:54.400><c> for</c> and develop recommendations for and
• develop recommendations for operating<00:08:55.120><c> effectively</c><00:08:55.800><c> within</c><00
• But again, you know, it's developing a municipal town square.
• </c><00:41:52.480><c> board</c><00:41:52.800><c> will</c> project development board will project development
• Uh, we are developing a modified PDB for this project development board.

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The Budget Review Subcommittee on Justice and Judiciary received an update from the Administrative Office of the Courts on implementation of House Bill 504, the judicial branch budget, and court facility projects. AOC leaders said they do not anticipate problems balancing the outgoing biennium or fiscal year 2026, and explained that the budget changes were driven by the need to reduce costs while preserving required constitutional, court-rule, and statutory services. They also said the new filing fee increases authorized by HB 504 took effect that day and are expected to generate up to $5 million, while the reorganization is projected to save about $3 million in general fund dollars. The bulk of the presentation focused on a major reorganization of the Office of Statewide Programs, which includes specialty courts, family and juvenile services, and pretrial services. AOC said the plan eliminates 170 positions and creates 109 new ones, mainly by reducing middle-management layers, expanding regional service delivery, and cross-training staff. Officials said 110 employees had already been offered or accepted placements, 24 had chosen voluntary separation, and the final number of employees leaving remains fluid until the process concludes around August 1. They emphasized that specialty court programs were not eliminated, but state-funded treatment court contracts and behavioral health liaison positions were removed, with treatment costs shifted to Medicaid or participants where appropriate. Members asked about the process, staffing impacts, specialty court participation, juvenile services, and how AOC will monitor the changes. AOC said the reorganization was developed by leadership, HR, and legal staff under direction of the Chief Justice and approved by the Supreme Court, and that it is intended to improve efficiency and frontline support rather than reduce services. They said specialty court participant levels are being watched closely, that CDW services will continue to use outside providers for programming, and that the agency will keep judges and stakeholders informed as the new structure goes into effect. No votes were taken, and the committee did not approve minutes because a quorum was not present.

Transcript Highlights:

• We were charged with developing force.
• We developed these eligibility criteria and considerations and discussed verification protocols.
• , offer activities, feedback to support the development of these updates and changes.
• </c><00:18:12.559><c> uh</c> legislature this year to help develop uh legislature this year to help develop
• </c> already started work on developing already started work on developing outreach<00:26:31.520><c>

Committee: House Veterans and Military Affairs Division

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• How can we develop and test methods to remove or neutralize PFOS and other contaminants, um, how can
• We're just at the point of beginning to understand how microplastics develop in the environment and are
• So being a resident of Lincoln in the process of developing risk models. for biosolids and for PFAS.
• So I'm an engineer, and as water and wastewater engineers, we develop solutions for municipalities and
• DEQ is not the only agency or the only state; most states across the country are starting to develop

Committee: House Agriculture

Summary: The meeting focused on the use of biosolids on farm and ranch land, with testimony from Oklahoma State University experts, a conservation official, and an engineering representative about the benefits, risks, and regulatory implications. Dr. Lusk described OSU’s long history of soil fertility research and said biosolids can provide nutrients and organic matter, but also may carry contaminants such as PFAS, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, microplastics, and pathogens. He emphasized that many questions remain unanswered, especially about contaminant uptake into soil, crops, livestock, and humans, and said existing EPA and Oklahoma DEQ regulations address some treatment and application standards but may not fully cover PFAS. Dr. Arnell expanded on nutrient management, explaining that biosolids can function similarly to manure as a fertilizer source, especially for nitrogen and phosphorus, but should be tested, incorporated into soil, and applied under permit conditions to reduce runoff and other losses. He said PFAS testing methods are not yet standardized and that more research is needed to determine sampling protocols, movement in soil, and long-term effects. Committee members asked whether farmers and ranchers should be notified of risks, whether PFAS is currently tested, how many counties use biosolids, and what research would be needed for a dissertation-level study. The witnesses generally agreed that landowners should be informed of known risks and uncertainties, but said the science is still developing. Dr. Arnell said a unified testing method is needed before reliable PFAS monitoring can be done, and suggested that a multi-year study would be required to understand soil movement, crop uptake, and livestock impacts. Greg Scott of the Oklahoma Conservation Commission framed the issue as a waste-management problem, noting that human waste streams contain contaminants and that soil type affects how pollutants move; he said sandy soils pose greater movement risks than clay soils and that current best practice is incorporation, careful timing, and avoiding steep or sensitive sites. He also said PFAS are widespread and not naturally occurring in the way some other compounds are, and that liability and cleanup costs are major concerns. Mary Elizabeth Mock of Garver Engineering focused on the practical and financial consequences of a possible moratorium on land application, saying most of Oklahoma’s biosolids are currently land applied and would otherwise have to go to landfills. She warned that many landfills are nearing capacity, tipping fees could rise sharply, and cities such as Tulsa and Norman could face large increases in disposal costs, which would ultimately be borne by ratepayers and taxpayers. She also said septic system maintenance costs could rise if land application options shrink, potentially leading to deferred maintenance and system failures. Mock urged a tiered, data-driven approach to PFAS regulation and said advanced treatment technologies may help in the future, but they are still emerging and expensive. No votes were taken; the session consisted of presentations and member questions.