Transcript Highlights:

• The Lake City Levy Authority, Representative Altendorf, is in prop two property tax exemptions for the
• <00:03:27.640> the<00:03:27.800> Lake<00:03:28.040> City<00:03:28.320> Levy
• Um the Lake City Levy thresholds.
• Um the Lake City Levy Authority<00:03:29.040> Representative<00:03:29.560> Altendorf<00

Keywords: 919, house, all

Summary: The House considered the conference committee report on House File 2438, the 2026 tax bill. Representative Gomez outlined the main provisions, saying most fiscal changes were tied to federal tax conformity. He also described several other items in the report, including a two-year extension of the pass-through entity tax workaround, a sustainable aviation fuel provision, a one-time $125 million increase in homestead credit property tax refunds, a one-year removal of the cap on the beginning farmer tax credit, a four-year tax exemption for PGA tickets, permanent aid to certain school districts, a direct file program, changes related to homestead resort classification thresholds, local property tax and income tax provisions, local government aid for the new city of Northern, a four-year extension of local homeless prevention aid, and Department of Revenue policy, technical, TIF, local, and public finance items. After the report was presented, the House adopted the conference committee report and ordered the bill repassed as amended by conference. The clerk then gave the bill its third reading as amended. Following third reading, Representative Niska moved to lay House File 2438 on the table. The motion prevailed, and the bill was tabled.

Transcript Highlights:

• So, in addition to the state-imposed 0.75% sales tax, counties have the option to levy up to 0.5% and
• There is a restriction that no more of that property tax levy stream can account for more than 10% of
• So, in addition to the state-imposed 0.75% sales tax, counties have the option to levy up to 0.5% and
• There is a restriction that no more of that property tax levy stream can account for more than 10% of
• So, in addition to the state-imposed 0.75% sales tax, counties have the option to levy up to 0.5% and

Keywords: 1183, house

Summary: The Transportation Working Group met on January 15, 2025, with Chair John Kosnik opening by saying the committee expected to pass a transportation bill this year and emphasizing efficient use of transportation revenues, maintenance of roads and transit, and safety. Members and staff introduced themselves, and several representatives noted their interest in roads, bridges, and regional transportation needs. Kosnik also said he had spoken with Representative Kel about leadership arrangements and stressed that bipartisan support would be needed for a transportation bill. House Fiscal Staff’s Andrew Lee and House Research’s Matt Burus then gave an overview of transportation finance, focusing mainly on highways and transit. Burus explained Minnesota’s highway funding structure, including the constitutional Highway User Tax Distribution Fund and the related Trunk Highway Fund, County State-Aid Highway Fund, and Municipal State-Aid Street Fund. He reviewed the main revenue sources: the motor fuels tax, motor vehicle registration tax, motor vehicle sales tax, portions of the general sales tax tied to auto parts, vehicle rentals and leases, and the retail delivery fee. He noted several changes from 2023 legislation, including indexing of the gas tax, creation of the Transportation Advancement Account, and the retail delivery fee, which began in July 2024 and therefore would affect fiscal year 2025 rather than the fiscal 2024 data shown. The presentation also covered how highway dollars flow through constitutional formulas, including the 95/5 split from the Highway User Tax Distribution Fund, with the 5 percent set-aside used for town roads, town bridges, and flexible highway purposes such as turnbacks. Burus distinguished trunk highway bonds from general obligation bonds and explained that both are debt-financing tools for transportation projects, but with different repayment sources and uses. No votes or formal actions were taken at this informational meeting.

Transcript Highlights:

• this bill, with the opt-in framework, is different from what one tends to see in other run-of-the-mill
• what one tends to see in different from what one tends to see in other<02:19:27.120> run-of-the-mill
• 02:19:27.920> privacy<02:19:28.280> bills<02:19:28.679> here other run-of-the-mill
• privacy bills here other run-of-the-mill privacy bills here and<02:19:29.000> elsewhere<02:19
• the New Hampshire Supreme Court has the duty to enforce the Constitution, as was explained by Judge Levi

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: The House Judiciary Committee met to hear House Bill 520, which would authorize the Department of Education to issue subpoenas in investigations and hearings involving the code of conduct for New Hampshire educators. Representative Lynn, the bill sponsor, said the measure was intended to give the department standard subpoena power during investigations and in later adjudicatory proceedings, with a process for challenging overbroad subpoenas. He argued that agencies with investigative and hearing authority should also have the power to compel witnesses and documents, and said the bill was narrowed from an earlier broader draft to focus on teacher credentialing and address concerns about scope. Members raised several concerns about whether the department already has enough authority, whether the Attorney General could handle subpoenas instead, and whether the bill creates an imbalance by giving subpoena power mainly to the investigating side. Representative Burroughs said she did not feel she had enough information and was uncomfortable with the bill, especially regarding who bears subpoena costs. Representative Biron questioned the trial analogy and whether both sides truly have equal subpoena rights. Lynn responded that the investigative stage is like a grand jury process, where only the investigating body subpoenas witnesses, while the adjudicatory stage allows both sides to seek subpoenas through the hearing officer. Other questions focused on the bill’s scope. Representative Andreos asked what investigative authority the Department of Education already has, and Representative Organ questioned why the bill is limited to educators rather than also covering vendors, charter school boards, or the EFA scholarship organization. Lynn said the limitation to educators was deliberate, because earlier broader versions drew objections for being too expansive. Representative Tur asked whether the Attorney General could already handle such matters, and Lynn said that while the AG might be able to pursue some investigations or court subpoenas, agencies should be able to conduct their own internal investigations. No vote or final action was taken in the portion of the hearing provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• includes an increase of $100 million of state education fund dollars for the Charter School Institute mill
• levy equalization program, which is a statutory requirement, and some roll forward of... and MM for
• 19.360> charter<01:47:19.760> school<01:47:20.159> institute<01:47:20.800> mill
• for the charter school institute mill for the charter school institute mill levy<01:47:21.440>
• > equalization levy equalization levy equalization program<01:47:24.239> uh<01:47:24.400><

Keywords: 981, all

Transcript Highlights:

• I think I would have to—Mille Lacs. Mille Lacs, so, Chair Marty, yes.
• ,<00:07:47.400> Chair >> Mille Lacs.
• Mille Lacs, so Chair, Chair >> Mille Lacs.
• Mille Lacs, so Chair, Chair Marty,<00:07:47.960> yes.
• one is Mille Lacs. Okay. Thank you. one is Mille Lacs. Okay. Thank you.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• We're a trade association representing the primary wood-consuming mills in the state, so they think of
• <01:01:48.319> in<01:01:48.480> the primary wood consuming Mills in the primary wood
• consuming Mills in the state<01:01:49.160> so<01:01:49.359> they<01:01:49.520> think
• There's an abundance of residual material available from mills in the forest, from tops and limbs after
• but they often have excess paper mills but they often have excess black<01:02:54.480> liquor<

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Sandborn Mills is teaching plaster work. These are jobs that people are seeking, young people.
• Sandborn Mills is teaching plaster work. These are jobs that people are seeking, young people.
• Sandborn Mills is teaching plaster work. These are jobs that people are seeking, young people.
• We started renovating mills 30 years ago, and at that time markets worked.
• <00:16:57.160> 30 years we started renovating Mills 30 years we started renovating Mills 30

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The senior mill site in Sierra County is in jeopardy of closing. Luna County, I know...
• And the reason this was mentioned was we don't want to lose jobs—this 35 jobs at my senior mill site,
• But how did you decide not to put senior mill sites in here and not to fully fund AAA? Mr.
• And in 2016, the reimbursement rate for a mill at one of the mill sites in my county was $2.35.
• So, let's say you're seeing your mill site can't afford to keep their 35 employees and they're down to

Transcript Highlights:

• Senator Howell, Senator Maiden, Senator Maize Bledsoe, Senator McDaniel here, Senator Meredith, Senator Mills
• Senator Mills. Senator Neil, aye. Senator Neimis, aye. Senator Nun, aye. Senator Rocky Adams, aye.
• Senator Mills, aye. Senator Neil, aye. Senator Neis, aye. Senator Nun, aye. Senator Rocky Adams.
• Hi. >> Senator Bledsoe. >> Senator McDaniel. >> Senator Meredith. >> Senator Mills. >> Senator Neal.
• Bledsoe, hi. >> Senator McDaniel, hi. >> Senator McDaniel, hi. >> Senator Meredith, hi. >> Senator Mills

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The Senate convened with an invocation and pledge, established a quorum, excused absent members, and approved the journal. During second reading, several bills and a joint resolution were reported to the Rules Committee, including measures on trauma center provider coverage, cremation, public library trustees, local occupational license fees and taxes, and a food-is-medicine resolution. The House also communicated passage of House Bills 176, 178, and 280 and requested concurrence. Committee reports advanced Senate Bill 39, Senate Bill 181 with a committee substitute, Senate Bill 17 with a committee substitute and title amendment, and Senate Bill 34. The chamber then took up and passed Senate Bill 13, which would allow military installations to have ex officio representation on nearby planning and zoning bodies to improve communication about land use near bases. It passed 37-0. Senate Bill 46, concerning school transportation, was amended by committee substitute to require background checks and drug testing for drivers of school vans and to extend van use to 10-passenger vehicles; it passed 37-0 after a brief clarification about the amendment’s display in the system. Senate Bill 22, expanding the dual credit scholarship program to support a teacher apprenticeship pathway, was amended to require a 2.75 GPA and then passed 36-1 after questions about employment status and liability; the sponsor explained it would help address teacher shortages and reduce student debt. The Senate also passed Senate Bill 90, which extends the behavioral health conditional dismissal pilot program from 2027 to 2031 to continue offering treatment-based alternatives to incarceration for eligible low-level offenders; it passed 37-0. Senate Bill 51, a proposed constitutional change to freeze property tax assessment increases for homeowners age 65 and older on their primary residence, also passed 37-0. Senate Bill 30 was passed over but retained its place in the orders of the day. The rules committee later posted Senate Bills 27, 40, and 76 for the next day, and the Committee on Committees referred Senate Bill 109 to Licensing and Occupations, Senate Bill 68 to State and Local Government, and Senate Resolutions 45 and 46 to the Senate floor.

Transcript Highlights:

• On the left is a photo of local activist and attorney Nikima Levy Armstrong being taken into custody
• So it's all grist for the mill, and that's why they do it. It's called attachment hacking.
• <01:57:00.159> grist<01:57:00.480> for<01:57:00.639> the<01:57:00.800> mill
• <01:57:01.040> and it's it's all grist for the mill and it's it's all grist for the mill and

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Um, but also not so many dogs allowed that you could have a puppy mill.
• dogs allowed that you could have<00:05:24.240> a<00:05:24.400> puppy<00:05:24.720> mill
• c><00:05:25.440> But<00:05:25.680> somewhere<00:05:26.240> along have a puppy mill
• But somewhere along have a puppy mill.

Keywords: 926, house, all

Summary: The House took up several Senate amendments and concurred in them after brief explanations from committee members. On House Bill 841, relating to miscellaneous animal welfare procedures, the House suspended rules, heard that the Senate had removed or revised several provisions — including a certified rabies vaccinator program, a fixed limit on breeding dogs, rescue-organization data reporting, and some advertising language — and then concurred 9-0-2 in committee and by voice vote. On House Bill 938, establishing the Vermont homelessness response continuum, members reviewed Senate changes clarifying funding eligibility, municipal grant applications, emergency assistance timing, fair-hearing procedures, rulemaking timelines, a unified housing voucher framework, and a shift of $500,000 from emergency hotel/motel spending to a Burlington day shelter; the House concurred after a question about the fiscal note was answered by noting the amount matched the governor’s budget and existing appropriations. The House also concurred in the Senate amendment to House Bill 941, which would have created a study committee on municipal regulation of agriculture, but the Senate struck that study-group language; the House committee supported concurrence 7-0-1, saying the underlying bill should move forward even without the study group. The House then considered House Bill 957, approving amendments to the Williston charter. The committee explained that the town had voted to eliminate the office of listers and replace it with contracted professionally qualified assessors, with transitional language ending lister terms after passage or upon hiring an assessor; the committee recommended passage 9-0-2, the House ordered third reading, suspended rules to place the bill in all remaining stages, passed it, and voted to message it to the Senate forthwith. At the end of the session, the House noted two additional committee reports: Senate Bill 64 on optometrists was referred to Ways and Means, and Senate Bill 313 on career technical education was referred to Appropriations. The House then adjourned until May 22, 2026, at 10 a.m.

Transcript Highlights:

• Arkansas Rice Research Promotion Board, special revenue grant for $60,000 for research to enhance milling
• What's the background in enhancing milling that he brings to the table beyond our producers or Rassland
• the board, and I think that the overall concern the board was looking at on this one was just the milling
• That's not done during milling. That's a seed problem. So, thank you.

Summary: The PEER Review Subcommittee met to consider a large agenda of appropriation, transfer, contract, and other review items. Members approved temporary appropriation requests in Sections B through F, including funding for prosecuting attorneys, education-related adjustments, school operating needs, labor licensing divisions, ARPA fund returns from Workforce Services, IIJA grants for state police CDL implementation and a forestry-related county grant, reserve fund transfers for teacher scholarships, school facilities, and economic development, and a Commerce reallocation tied to organizational realignment. Cash fund requests in Section G and budget classification transfers in Section H were also reviewed, along with pay plan requests in Section I, overtime requests in Section J, and multiple methods of finance in Section K. The committee also reviewed discretionary grants in Section L, including agriculture promotion board grants and DHS aging/adult behavioral health grants, plus RFQs, construction contracts, intergovernmental contracts, and out-of-state contracts in Sections M1 through M5. Several items drew questions from members. Workforce Services explained that $225,000 in TANF-related funds would be returned to the federal government because the two-year hold period for uncashed or moved checks had expired. Commerce officials described the $25 million site infrastructure grant program, saying it supports site development, due diligence, and infrastructure build-out at eligible sites of 30 acres or more, including rural communities, with grant agreements and matching requirements providing accountability. DHS and Education officials answered questions about the Care Solace mental health referral contract, saying it is a statewide concierge/referral service that helps schools connect students to Arkansas providers and follow up so students do not fall through the cracks; members asked for more information on provider selection, school-day scheduling, and Arkansas vendor participation. The committee held one item over: the DHS discretionary grant item for the RSVP retired senior volunteer program in L2, after concerns were raised about whether state general revenue was being used effectively and how much administrative overhead the providers retain. Members also questioned several contracts, including a DHS sole-source contract with EMSLink for document management software and a DHS bridge contract with Arkansas Foundation for Medical Care for Medicaid inspections of care reviews; in both cases, agency staff explained the need to avoid service disruption and said follow-up information would be provided. A Department of Corrections reentry center contract was discussed for its recidivism results, and ARDOT retirement-system investment contracts were briefly explained. The meeting ended after a lengthy discussion of the Medicaid Trust Fund balance, with DFA and DHS officials saying the state is expected to finish the fiscal year without exhausting the fund, that a restricted reserve of $100 million is available as a backstop, and that the larger question is what minimum balance should be maintained going forward.

Transcript Highlights:

• Thomas and Miss Betty Mills. I have Mr. Sam and Miss Barbara Pitman.
• Thomas and Miss<00:14:14.480> Betty<00:14:14.880> Mills.
• <00:14:16.000> Sam<00:14:16.320> and Miss Betty Mills. I have Mr.
• Sam and Miss Betty Mills. I have Mr.

Keywords: MS House Floor - 25 March, 2026; 10:00 AM, 925, all

Summary: The House convened with prayer led by Pastor Darren Leech, followed by the Pledge of Allegiance. After confirming a quorum, the chamber dispensed with reading the journal and handled routine introductions. Members welcomed several guests in the galleries, including Mick Bulock of NCSL and multiple youth and community groups. The House also recognized Pastor Leech’s remarks about public service and stewardship. A series of congratulatory resolutions were taken up and adopted, many by unanimous or near-unanimous votes. These included resolutions honoring Derek Hall for winning Super Bowl 60 with the Seattle Seahawks, the Columbia Academy Lady Cougars cross country and softball teams for state championships, and other special recognitions. The House also adopted STR 536 and several additional resolutions from the rules calendar, with votes reported at 118 yeas, 0 nays on multiple items. On the conference calendar, the House concurred in House Bill 1150, which merged the engineers and surveying boards, added an exception so title attorneys were not affected, and changed board member terms from six years to four years. The concurrence motion passed 122 yeas, 0 nays. The House also adopted a conference report on item 60 related to state security operations center language, removing a reverse repealer, by a vote of 117 yeas, 0 nays. Later, members continued introducing guests and honoring school groups, including the Winston Academy football team for its state championship, the Jeff Davis County Mayor’s Youth Council, Columbus High School’s boys basketball team and Mr. Basketball honoree Michael Hood Jr., Heritage Christian Academy, and Mississippi State basketball player Josh Huard, who was recognized for the Coach Wooden Citizenship Award. The House then adjourned until 10:00 a.m. the next day, with the journal left open until the last conference report is filed.

Transcript Highlights:

• property, to increase the homestead exemption, to provide a limitation on the use of ad valorem taxes levied
• 150,000, which is not in the budget sum in the actual amendment now, and that then to 250 for all levies
• 150,000, which is not in the budget sum in the actual amendment now, and that then to 250 for all levies
• Dixie, Levy, Lafayette, Florida League of Cities spoke.
• And they outlined that the levy cap avoids all dangers. It does not eliminate the revenue source.

Keywords: 998, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Have you spoken to Representative Mills about this bill? >> I have spoken to Representative Mills.
• I have spoken to Representative Mills.

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Senator Howell, Senator Maiden, Senator Maize Bledsoe, Senator McDaniel, Senator Meredith, Senator Mills
• Senator Howell, Senator Maiden, Senator Maize Bledsoe, Senator McDaniel, Senator Meredith, Senator Mills
• Senator Howell, Senator Maiden, Senator Maize Bledsoe, Senator McDaniel, Senator Meredith, Senator Mills

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The Senate convened with an invocation and pledge, then completed the roll call and declared a quorum of 34 members. The chamber excused absent senators and approved the journal from Friday, January 9, 2026, without objection. No bills or resolutions were introduced at the first opportunity, and there were no orders of the day before the body recessed for a Rules Committee and Committee on Committees meeting. After reconvening, the Committee on Committees reported referrals: Senate Bill 38 and Senate Concurrent Resolution 9 to Health Services; Senate Bills 29 and 49 to Natural Resources and Energy; Senate Bills 10, 27, 40, and 51 to State and Local Government; Senate Bills 28 and 30 to Transportation; and Senate Resolutions 4, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 32 to the Senate floor. During announcements, one senator spoke at length in support of laws restricting transgender girls and women from competing in women’s sports, urging courts to uphold those laws in pending cases. Other members announced committee schedule changes and made several co-sponsorship requests, all accepted without objection. The clerk then reported new bills and resolutions, including measures on evictions during extreme weather, student journalist freedom, network authority, motor vehicle operation, the Kentucky Horse Park, the Autism Spectrum Disorder Trust Fund, pension oversight, financial training for local boards of education, health care workforce recruitment and retention, and tallow-based cosmetic products, along with two resolutions honoring Robert E. Bob Pernell, Sr. and former Governor Martha Lane Collins. The Senate then adjourned until 2 p.m. Tuesday, January 13, 2026.

Transcript Highlights:

• 150,000, which is not in the budget sum in the actual amendment now, and that then to 250 for all levies
• 150,000, which is not in the budget sum in the actual amendment now, and that then to 250 for all levies
• other than those imposed ...now, and that then to 250 for all levies other than those imposed by the
• Dixie, Levy, Lafayette. Florida League of Cities spoke.
• And they outlined that the levy cap avoids all dangers. It does not eliminate the revenue source.

Summary: The Senate took up Committee Substitute for Senate Joint Resolution 2F, a proposed constitutional amendment to expand homestead property tax relief, lower the assessment cap on non-homestead property from 10% to 5%, and limit county and municipal ad valorem tax revenues to specified uses. Senator Avila presented the measure as a major property tax reform intended to provide relief to homeowners and restrain local government spending, while opponents argued it would shift costs to fees, services, and state appropriations and could harm local budgets, public safety, schools, and other services. Several senators also raised concerns about the ballot language and the lack of a completed fiscal analysis. The chamber considered and rejected multiple amendments. Senator Sharif’s income-based “circuit breaker” amendment failed, as did Senator Smith’s sunset clause amendment and Senator Berman’s amendment to rewrite the ballot statement for greater accuracy. During questioning, Avila said the revised language was meant to preserve flexibility for local governments and that future legislatures could set implementing procedures and, if necessary, prohibit certain local expenditures by general law. He also confirmed that the proposal would not affect refinancing or portability, and said the measure would not prevent local governments from continuing to fund many services such as libraries, parks, animal control, code enforcement, mosquito control, public housing, county health departments, and elections. Debate on final passage was extensive. Supporters described the proposal as overdue relief for homeowners and a way to force local governments to prioritize spending, while critics called it a risky tax shift that could reduce local revenue by billions and force cuts or higher fees. Some senators emphasized concerns about public safety funding, mental health and social services, and the accuracy of the ballot summary; others argued the measure would give voters a chance to decide on property tax reform. After debate, the resolution was rolled over for third reading and the Senate continued discussion, but the transcript provided does not include a final vote on the joint resolution.

Transcript Highlights:

• Diggs for legislation to further regulate the transportation of vessels in the villages of Marston Mills
• Diggs for legislation to further regulate the transportation of vessels in the villages of Marston Mills

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The House opened with the Pledge of Allegiance and then adopted several resolutions, including commendations for Praxia Awareness Day and congratulations to an Eagle Scout. It also suspended Joint Rule 12 to allow a Barnstable petition concerning regulation of vessel transportation in Marston Mills and Osterville to go to the Committee on Transportation. The House then took up a Steering, Policy and Scheduling report and advanced three bills: a Westford local option liquor license bill, a Westfield liquor license conversion bill, and a sick leave bank bill for Carla Johnson of the Department of Unemployment Assistance. All were ordered to a third reading. The House later considered and passed several measures, including a sick leave bank for Courtney Cochran of the Department of Children and Families, a Senate bill allowing Taunton to establish a separate water billing rate for manufactured housing, and a Hope Dale bill creating the office of town administrator. It also engrossed a Chelmsford bridge naming bill and a Sudbury senior property tax exemption bill. On Senate 2544, concerning the number of registered voters needed to petition for a special town meeting in Andover, the House adopted an amendment adding an immediate effective date before passing it to be engrossed as amended. The chamber observed a moment of silence in memory of Phyllis Simon of South Boston, described as a longtime educator and public servant. At the end of the session, the House adopted an order to adjourn and then adjourned to meet the following Monday at 11 a.m. in informal session.

Transcript Highlights:

• Section 5 deletes approximately 19 acres from Mille Lacs Kathio State Park.
• Mille Lacs Kathio State Park. Mille Lacs Kathio State Park.
• <00:05:01.520> Lacs bordering public water in Mille Lacs bordering public water in Mille Lacs
• The city of Marine Mill Historic Site. The city of Marine on<00:08:59.360> St.
• I'm the Commissioner of Natural Resources for the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Co-Chair Mills here, and Co-Chair Whitten here.
• Co-chair Mills has another question. Okay.
• Co-chair Mills.
• And our final question is co-chair<01:09:27.600> Mills. co-chair Mills. co-chair Mills.
• Mills. Mills. >> Very<01:34:18.639> good.

Keywords: Meeting Start 00:00:03 Roll Call 00:00:08 Discussion of Indiana Residential Infrastructure Fund 00:01:27 Discussion of Affordable Housing Trust Fund 00:33:30 Discussion of Urban Infill 01:12:37 Approval of Minutes from July Meeting 01:39:00 Adjournment 01:39:42, 958, all

Summary: The Housing Task Force heard a presentation from Anita Sanford of the Homebuilders Association of Kentucky and Sheri Cybert of Indiana’s Residential Infrastructure Fund about Indiana’s low-interest loan program for local housing infrastructure. They described the program as a voluntary, locally driven model that helps communities finance roads, sewers, sidewalks, traffic lights, turning lanes, and other infrastructure needed for new housing development. Sanford emphasized that infrastructure and regulation are major drivers of housing costs, citing estimates that infrastructure can account for up to 30% of a home’s cost and regulations another 25%, and said the association is studying Kentucky-specific regulatory costs. She also noted that every $1,000 added to new home construction can price out about 2,000 Kentucky households. Cybert explained that Indiana’s program, administered through the Indiana Finance Authority, began in 2023 with $75 million appropriated over two years and has since closed 17 loans totaling $60.7 million, with more than 2,700 projected housing units. The program reserves 70% of funds for rural communities and 30% for urban communities, requires applications from local governments rather than developers, and asks communities to show need through a market study, describe the infrastructure and housing to be built, and provide preliminary engineering plans and a repayment source. She said the loans currently carry an interest rate around 3.5%, reset quarterly, and that the program has generated about $25 million in savings to communities compared with private borrowing. She also described recent Indiana legislative changes that encourage higher density and other zoning reforms, and said a majority of those local ordinance changes must be adopted for an application to be fundable. Members asked about the ordinance requirements, the funding split between rural and urban areas, repayment mechanisms, and whether there were caps on project size. Cybert said repayment is worked out case by case, often through existing or project-specific TIFs, temporary tax agreements, or letters of credit, and that the program has no cap on request size or income/affordability restrictions. She said the largest request funded was $19 million for a 700-unit project. Co-chair Mills and others discussed whether Kentucky could adopt a similar model and what it would cost, while Sanford and Cybert said they were still refining budget estimates. Later, Scott Welch, president of the Homebuilders Association of Kentucky, testified that upfront infrastructure costs are a major barrier in his projects, citing a $1 million pump station and road-widening and utility relocation costs as examples, and said an infrastructure fund would help get projects off the ground.