Video & Transcript : 'sanctuary schools' :
Page 34 of 500
NH
New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session
Senate Health and Human Services (03/26/2025)
Health and Human Services
Transcript Highlights:
- institution or school postsecondary institution or independent<00:03:33.400><c> school</c><00:03:34.120
- school a school Under the independent school a school Under the direction<00:03:35.080><c> of</c><00
- > direction of the school nurse May direction of the school nurse May maintain<00:03:36.439><c> a</c>
- </c> already has the medication at the school already has the medication at the school nurse's<00:09:
- school school district's money save the school school district's money so<00:09:37.040><c> the</c><00
Committee:
Senate Health and Human Services
WA
Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Community Safety Jan 29th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm just kind of asking, do you think if our state wasn't a sanctuary state and we did just like all
- I'm asking the question: do you agree that if we weren't a sanctuary state and our officers were allowed
- to actually work... ...if we weren't a sanctuary state and our officers were allowed to actually work
Summary:
The House Community Safety Committee met on January 29, 2026, and announced it would not hold executive session that day because of the large number of public hearing sign-ups; those executive sessions were pushed to the following Monday. The committee first heard House Bill 2558, relating to the mental health sentencing alternative (MHSA). Staff explained that the bill narrows eligibility to people diagnosed with a psychotic disorder, adds restrictions for certain domestic violence and prior violent offense cases, requires more detailed DOC reports, lengthens some community custody terms, mandates regular progress hearings, and shifts assessment work to contracted providers. The sponsor said the bill is intended to refocus the program on people whose offenses are tied to serious mental illness and to reduce misuse in domestic violence and other violent cases. No public testimony was taken on HB 2558 that day, and the hearing was held open for later testimony.
The committee then heard House Bill 2217, which would replace the current first-time offender waiver with a pretrial deferral option and a suspended sentence option for eligible first-time felony defendants. Supporters, including public defense, immigration advocates, judges, economists, and the Sentencing Guidelines Commission, argued the bill would create a meaningful rehabilitation pathway, reduce recidivism, improve employment outcomes, and avoid the long-term harm of an immediate felony conviction. They also said the deferred-adjudication structure could help immigrants avoid immigration consequences and would better incentivize restitution and compliance. Opponents, including sheriffs, prosecutors, and victim advocates, raised concerns about expanding eligibility to offenses such as assault 2 and robbery 2, the meaning of “violent offense,” the possibility of judicial diversion without prosecutor consent, and the impact on victims and public safety. After testimony, the sponsor said she would remove the bill’s strong presumption in favor of relief, and the committee closed the public hearing on HB 2217.
Finally, the committee heard House Bill 2641, the “ICE Out Act of 2026,” which would bar Washington law enforcement agencies from hiring people who were sworn ICE officers after January 20, 2025, with the restriction applying prospectively beginning October 1, 2026. The sponsor said the bill was meant to protect communities and prevent hiring officers associated with federal immigration enforcement practices she described as harmful. The committee then heard House Bill 2648, which would require state and local officers who encounter suspected ICE employees conducting immigration enforcement to activate body and dash cameras, report the encounter, and document it, while providing state indemnification for officers acting in good faith. Supporters said the bill would improve transparency and protect communities and officers; the Washington State Patrol said many of the practices already align with its policies. The Washington Association of Sheriffs and Police Chiefs expressed concerns about added reporting requirements, possible effects on federal-local cooperation, and asked for changes to soften mandatory language and strengthen indemnification. The committee ended the hearing without further testimony and adjourned, noting executive sessions on about a dozen bills would occur the following week.
FL
Transcript Highlights:
- We are not a sanctuary state, we are a rule of law state.
- We are the top state in America for school choice, and our school choice program has changed lives.
- Now, Thorne, her son, attends the Jacksonville School for Autism simply because of the scholarship that
- Our universal school choice program works.
- We codified parental rights and education, and eliminated gender ideology from our schools.
Summary:
The Florida House and Senate met in joint session to open the 2025 legislative session, receiving the Florida Cabinet, the Florida Supreme Court, and then Governor Ron DeSantis. The session included a prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and a motion to appoint a committee to notify the governor that the joint session was ready to receive his message. The committee was appointed, the governor was introduced, and the joint session recessed until his arrival.
In his address, Governor DeSantis highlighted Florida’s economic performance, low unemployment, business growth, tourism, and insurance reforms, and urged further action on property insurance, the My Safe Florida Home program, and tax relief. He also called for continued immigration enforcement, praised school choice and teacher pay initiatives, defended higher education reforms, and discussed Hope Florida, hurricane recovery, environmental restoration, and infrastructure. He specifically urged lawmakers to address petition fraud and the constitutional amendment process, condominium reform, and stronger Second Amendment protections.
The governor also reviewed prior legislative accomplishments, including tax cuts, parental rights and education measures, anti-DEI actions, law enforcement bonuses, and other conservative policy changes. He thanked legislative leaders and cabinet officials, encouraged continued cooperation over the next 60-day session, and closed by urging lawmakers to build on Florida’s record of productivity. After the governor departed, the joint session voted to dissolve.
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
US House Floor Proceedings (Tuesday, January 13, 2026)
US Federal House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Grady School of Journalism, Ms.
- </c> school at a time. I yield back. school at a time. I yield back.
- </c> schools or even programs. schools or even programs.
- . schools. schools.
- Unlike charter schools or for-profit schools or even some private schools who can decide that a student
MI
Transcript Highlights:
- In a world that often asks us to wear masks, let this be a sanctuary of truth.
- research at the Edison Institute in Dearborn, director of psychology at Plymouth State Home and Training School
- human services, health, social services and retirement, judiciary, labor, public and mental health, school
- A Presbyterian, he taught Sunday school in Northville, the city where he and his wife settled down, bought
- President, calendar item 53 is Senate Bill 517, a bill to amend the Revised School Code.
Summary:
The Senate convened with 30 members present, heard the invocation and Pledge of Allegiance, and approved several temporary excusals. The chamber received gubernatorial appointments to multiple boards and commissions, then recessed and later took up resolutions and legislation. It adopted Senate Concurrent Resolution 13, a tribute memorializing former Senator and Representative Robert Geake, after remarks honoring his long legislative career and public service; the resolution was adopted and all members and the Lieutenant Governor were added as co-sponsors.
The Senate also adopted Senate Concurrent Resolution 14, which approved an extension of a state of emergency related to gasoline prices through Labor Day. Senator Camilleri argued the extension would help lower fuel costs for residents, while Senator McBroom later criticized the resolution as political theater and urged action on substantive energy legislation, including a pending Upper Peninsula-related bill. The resolution passed by roll call, 36-1.
In floor action, the Senate introduced and referred several bills, including measures on the Income Tax Act, Michigan Trust Fund Act, road classification, the Food Law, Motor Fuels Quality Act, and automated decision tools in employment. The chamber then passed three bills on third reading: Senate Bill 480 on child care organization licensing and regulation, Senate Bill 517 amending the Revised School Code, and Senate Bill 278 amending the State Housing Development Authority Act of 1966. The Senate adjourned after statements and a final motion to adjourn until June 25 at 10 a.m.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Natural Resources and Water Committee Mar 24th, 2026
Natural Resources and Water
Transcript Highlights:
- And also a raft of laws were passed by Congress, including the National Marine Sanctuaries Act.
- Five separate times in California, areas have been designated as National Marine Sanctuaries.
Committee:
Senate Natural Resources and Water
Summary:
The Senate Natural Resources and Water Committee heard several measures focused on conservation, wildlife access, and coastal protection. SB 1108 would create the Grasslands Ecological Area Conservancy in Merced County to coordinate land, water, habitat, and wildlife corridor protection in the largest remaining wetland/grassland complex west of the Mississippi. Supporters, including the Grasslands Water District and Audubon California, emphasized the area’s importance to migratory birds, groundwater sustainability, and voluntary conservation easements; there was no opposition. The committee members generally praised the bill’s regional coordination and ecological significance.
The committee also heard SB 1021, which would direct the Fish and Game Commission to create a program allowing youth with physician-certified life-threatening illnesses to participate in hunting and fishing opportunities under structured supervision. The author and supporters described it as a compassionate, tightly limited program with conservation safeguards, hunter education requirements, reporting, and a sunset. There was no opposition, and members expressed support for the bill’s intent.
SB 949 would designate the Santa Cruz Mountains as a resource of statewide significance, with an emphasis on biodiversity, watershed protection, wildfire resilience, public access, working lands, and collaboration with tribes and private landowners. Support came from Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District, Sempervirens Fund, and several local and conservation organizations; no opposition was heard. The committee also considered SJR 12, which urges the federal government to remove California from proposed offshore oil and gas leasing plans and calls for stronger environmental review and public engagement. Supporters cited spill risks, coastal economic harm, and prior local and state opposition to offshore drilling. All measures were approved by the committee, with the bills and resolution moving forward on recorded votes, and the consent calendar items were also adopted.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Natural Resources and Water Committee Mar 24th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- And also a raft of laws were passed by Congress, including the National Marine Sanctuaries Act.
- Five separate times in California, areas have been designated as National Marine Sanctuaries.
Summary:
The Senate Natural Resources and Water Committee heard several conservation and wildlife-related measures. SB 1108 by Senator Caballero would create the Grasslands Ecological Area Conservancy in the California Natural Resources Agency to coordinate protection and restoration of the Grasslands Ecological Area in Merced County. Supporters, including the Grasslands Water District, Audubon California, Defenders of Wildlife, California Waterfowl Association, The Nature Conservancy, and others, said the area is a major wetland and wildlife corridor facing groundwater-driven land retirement and needs a coordinated, voluntary, incentive-based framework. Senator Laird noted the bill followed prior conservancy models and moved it forward. The committee later approved SB 1108 on a 7-0 vote to Appropriations.
The committee also heard SB 1021 by Senator Choi, which would direct the Fish and Game Commission to create a narrowly tailored program expanding hunting and fishing opportunities for youth with life-threatening illnesses. The author and supporters from Field of Dreams and the Angling Hunting Conservation Coalition described it as a compassionate, supervised program that would create meaningful experiences for families while maintaining hunter education and conservation safeguards. No opposition was presented, and the bill was approved 7-0 to Appropriations.
SB 949 by Senator Becker would designate the Santa Cruz Mountains as a resource of statewide significance, with supporters from Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District, Sempervirens Fund, Green Foothills, and others citing biodiversity, watershed protection, wildfire resilience, public access, and coordination across public and private lands. Some committee members raised questions about working lands, property rights, and fire responsibility, but the bill was moved forward and passed 5-0 to Appropriations. The committee also adopted SJR 12 by Senator Laird, which opposes the federal offshore oil and gas leasing plan for California waters; supporters emphasized spill risks, coastal economic impacts, and public opposition, and the resolution passed 5-1. File item 3, SB 1085, was pulled, and the remaining consent calendar items were adopted 7-0.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Natural Resources and Water Committee Mar 24th, 2026
Natural Resources and Water
Transcript Highlights:
- And also a raft of laws were passed by Congress, including the National Marine Sanctuaries Act.
- Five separate times in California, areas have been designated as National Marine Sanctuaries.
Committee:
Senate Natural Resources and Water
MO
Transcript Highlights:
- which this bill doesn't do, this is just direct perpetrators, Missouri will continue to remain a sanctuary
- which this bill doesn't do, this is just direct perpetrators, Missouri will continue to remain a sanctuary
- That gap affects our tax base, our schools, our infrastructure, and our competitiveness.
- always going to have some heartburn about letting some of those funds that could go to our public schools
Committee:
House Commerce
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- I literally have over a dozen school board members from multiple different school districts who have
- She was denied admission to medical school because she was a girl, which forced her to apply to law school
- She was denied admission to medical school because she was a girl that forced her to apply to law school
- of where she was going to school, in the Christian day school.
- I know you're hearing about it as well. >> School boards from all across this state, including school
HI
Hawaii 2026 Regular Session
House Chamber - Mon Mar 30, 2026, 12:00PM HST - Day 35
Hawaii House Floor Meeting
Bills:
HR208 , HR50 , HCR54 , HR102 , HCR110 , HR103 , HCR111 , HR114 , HCR122 , HR152 , HCR162 , HR20 , HCR19 , HR98 , HCR106 , HR49 , HCR53 , HR53 , HCR57 , HR93 , HCR101 , SB3225
Keywords:
Boys & Girls Club of Hawaiʻi, Youth of the Year, Military Youth of the Year, House Resolution, HR 208, keiki, youth recognition, student achievement, leadership award, community service, youth development, after-school programs, teen center, military families, Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi Legislature, commendation, congratulation, positive youth development, Boys & Girls Clubs of America
OK
Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session
Senate Legislative Session Mar 24th, 2026 at 01:30 pm
Oklahoma Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- to school to school.
- And yet, I know in my area, there are a lot of them that move from school to school.
- and virtual charter schools.
- , once during middle school, once during high school.
- I remember when I was in school, every year in high school, we had sports day.
Bills:
SJR47 , SB1491 , SB1579 , SB1806 , SB1552 , SB483 , SB63 , SB137 , SB346 , SB514 , SB1344 , SB1360 , SB1380 , SB1437 , SB1189 , SB1217 , SB1221 , SB1262 , SB1272 , SB1325 , SB1339 , SB201
Keywords:
voter ID, elections, constitutional amendment, Oklahoma, proof of identity, presidential electors, vacancies, oath of office, political party, property tax, valuation increase, taxpayer rights, homestead, protest process, foster care, adoption assistance, transitioning youth, Department of Human Services, voluntary services, county home rule charter
OK
Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session
Senate Legislative Session Mar 24th, 2026 at 09:30 am
Oklahoma Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- No, the minimum salary schedule applies to every single school district, so all schools have the discretion
- And so I think I've had a number of school leaders come to me and say, 'Hey, I've been in a school for
- also maybe schools who are showing significant amounts of growth.
- Are we building buildings and schools that are, you know, mausoleums?
- We have good schools, and they're doing really well.
Bills:
SJR47 , SB1491 , SB1579 , SB1806 , SB1552 , SB483 , SB63 , SB137 , SB346 , SB514 , SB1344 , SB1360 , SB1380 , SB1437 , SB1189 , SB1217 , SB1221 , SB1262 , SB1272 , SB1325 , SB1339 , SB201
Keywords:
voter ID, elections, constitutional amendment, Oklahoma, proof of identity, presidential electors, vacancies, oath of office, political party, property tax, valuation increase, taxpayer rights, homestead, protest process, foster care, adoption assistance, transitioning youth, Department of Human Services, voluntary services, county home rule charter
OK
Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session
Senate Legislative Session Mar 24th, 2026
Oklahoma Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- school that doesn't follow. Thank you for the question. Noncompliance for the school.
- to school to school.
- school district.
- and virtual charter schools.
- And then you’re getting at once during elementary school, one during middle school, one during high school
Bills:
SJR47 , SB1491 , SB1579 , SB1806 , SB1552 , SB483 , SB63 , SB137 , SB346 , SB514 , SB1344 , SB1360 , SB1380 , SB1437 , SB1189 , SB1217 , SB1221 , SB1262 , SB1272 , SB1325 , SB1339 , SB201
Keywords:
voter ID, elections, constitutional amendment, Oklahoma, proof of identity, presidential electors, vacancies, oath of office, political party, property tax, valuation increase, taxpayer rights, homestead, protest process, foster care, adoption assistance, transitioning youth, Department of Human Services, voluntary services, county home rule charter
Summary:
The Senate began with a quorum call, a ceremonial recognition of two Elgin High School students, Clayton Raoul and Leon Anderson, and bus driver Kevin McDonald for their heroic actions during a March 2 bus crash. A citation was read honoring their selfless efforts to evacuate injured students and assist first responders. The chamber also introduced several student pages and recognized visiting groups in the gallery, including Impact Oklahoma and the Ardmore Leadership Group.
The Senate then considered several bills. Senate Bill 1491, requiring appointed presidential electors to take the same oath as other electors, advanced and passed. Senate Bill 1579, which requires assessors to mail taxpayers a statement of rights when property valuations increase, also advanced and passed unanimously. Senate Bill 1806, extending foster care eligibility to age 21 for those who opt in and meet program requirements, drew supportive debate about helping youth transition to adulthood; it advanced and passed as an emergency measure.
A lengthy debate followed on Senate Bill 1552, which would allow certain large counties to pursue home rule charters through a voter-approved process. Supporters argued it would give populous counties more flexibility and local control, while opponents raised concerns about unequal treatment, population-based governance, rural representation, and possible constitutional issues. The bill advanced and then passed 26-18. Senate Bill 483, authorizing county-run relocation assistance programs funded by private donations for voluntarily relocating individuals, especially homeless persons, also prompted extensive questions about liability, trafficking concerns, accountability, and whether it could shift people between jurisdictions; it advanced and passed 39-6. Finally, Senate Bill 63, raising school board member stipends from $25 to $190 per meeting under permissive language, advanced over concerns about cost and then moved to final passage, with debate beginning at the end of the transcript.
AL
Alabama 2026 Regular Session
Alabama Senate Veterans, Military Affairs and Public Safety Committee Feb 11th, 2026
Veterans, Military Affairs, and Public Safety
Transcript Highlights:
- wanted to do Army ROTC, then they could transfer to another school to be able to do that.
- There was another one and I don't remember off the top of my head dealing with private school."
- wanted to do Army ROTC, then they could transfer to another school to be able to do that.
- wanted to do Army ROTC, then they could transfer to another school to be able to do that.
- </c> head dealing with private school. head dealing with private school.
Bills:
HB33 , HB35 , HB274 , HB56 , HB287 , SB229 , SB201 , SB216 , HB33 , HB35 , HB274 , HB56 , HB287 , SB229 , SB201 , SB216
Keywords:
HB33, Alabama, ALEA, driver license, driver's license, learner permit, learner's permit, school attendance, truancy, high school diploma, GED, dropout, student withdrawal, enrollment verification, disciplinary points, homeless student, job training, youth employment, minor parent, public safety
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Natural Resources Committee Apr 13th, 2026
Natural Resources
Transcript Highlights:
- For example, in 2017, a project near San Diego proposed to build a new school for nearly 100 students
- My middle school in Northern California was built in the early 1970s on a parcel that used to serve as
- The school, but they planned to do so on the same contaminated and flood-prone site, even to place new
- My school is not unique.
- Nationally, roughly 44% of schools are located within one mile of a hazardous site.
Committee:
House Natural Resources
ID
Transcript Highlights:
- Doherty, followed by the Pledge of Allegiance provided for us today by Kaysen Albigone of Caldwell High School
- 16, Title 33, Idaho Code, by the addition of a new section 33-1639, Idaho Code, to require public schools
- to provide daily recess for students in kindergarten through grade 5 and to encourage schools to provide
- takes action or one city takes action, but the other city doesn't, then that other city becomes a sanctuary
- And I still can't believe that a Democrat said 'sanctuary cities for rats.' Where are we at?
Summary:
The House opened with roll call, prayer, and approval of the previous journal, then received gubernatorial and Senate messages and committee reports. Several new Ways and Means bills were introduced, including measures on managed recreation on endowment land, large electrical loads, Medicaid eligibility and work requirements, DOPL rulemaking and fees, daily recess in schools, rural health transformation, AI regulatory review, and Idaho Digital Learning Academy changes. The House also advanced a number of bills and memorials to the third-reading calendar and suspended rules to take up House Bill 893, a codifier cleanup bill, which passed unanimously on a voice-style roll call.
The House then considered a series of Senate bills and House bills. Senate Bill 1255, dealing with involuntary commitment procedures on tribal reservations and recognizing tribal health facilities and tribal police officers, passed. Senate Bill 1257, which clarifies child protection and foster-care visitation rules in cases involving serious abuse, also passed. House Bill 803, expanding confidentiality protections for personnel involved in firing-squad executions, passed after debate over transparency and due process. Senate Bill 1293, correcting an unintended effect of prior public-benefits legislation on crime victims’ compensation, passed; Senate Bill 1308, a technical mediation cleanup bill, passed; House Bill 508, concerning roadway enhancement funds and consultant coverage, passed; Senate Bill 1272, a transportation code cleanup bill, passed; and Senate Bill 1309, clarifying restitution priority in juvenile cases, passed.
Several bills drew more substantial debate and were defeated. Senate Bill 1271, which would have directed the Department of Agriculture to coordinate data collection and an abatement plan for invasive rats in southwest Idaho, failed after members split over whether it was a statewide issue or a local problem and whether it would expand government or create future costs. Senate Bill 1340, a left-lane driving bill that would have required slower traffic to move right and funded signage, also failed amid concerns about road conditions, enforcement, and confusion on multi-lane highways. Senate Concurrent Resolution 120, urging changes to Idaho’s nuclear waste agreement to support used nuclear fuel reprocessing and broader nuclear development, passed after a sharp debate over whether it would help Idaho’s energy future or weaken protections against long-term waste storage.
The House also passed Senate Bill 1296, updating criminal trespass law to address disruptions at houses of worship, and Senate Bill 1325, creating a white specialty license plate to support Project Choice. Later, the House approved Senate Bill 1269 on cloud seeding transparency and liability, despite objections about consent, data, and liability protections. After the day’s business, the House announced upcoming committee meetings, returned House Bill 880 to the Transportation Committee, and adjourned until the next day.
ID
Transcript Highlights:
- Doherty, followed by the Pledge of Allegiance provided for us today by Kaysen Albigone of Caldwell High School
- 16, Title 33, Idaho Code, by the addition of a new section 33-1639, Idaho Code, to require public schools
- takes action or one city takes action, but the other city doesn't, then that other city becomes a sanctuary
- And I still can't believe that a Democrat said sanctuary cities for rats. Where are we at?
- We are doing our annual house pool, where all benefits go to a public school of your choice in your district
KY
Kentucky 2025 Regular Session
Interim Joint Committee on Families and Children (9-24-25)
Transcript Highlights:
- School supplies, shirts, pants, need?
- And I'm having a high school career.
- So, we're a sanctuary-certified organization.
- </c><01:08:33.120><c> So,</c> sanctuary certified organization.
- So, sanctuary certified organization.
Summary:
The Joint Committee on Families and Children met with a quorum, approved the August minutes, and received an update that the number of children in out-of-home care with active placements was 8,647 as of September 7, 2025. The first presentation was from Isaiah 117 House, a nonprofit that provides a home-like setting for children on removal day so they do not have to wait in a state office. Speakers described the mission as reducing trauma for children, lightening the burden on case workers, and easing transitions to foster or kinship placements. They said the Kentucky home in Logan County opened on August 15 and had already served 10 children in its first six days.
Committee members asked about logistics, including whether children placed with kinship caregivers would still come to the house, how long children can stay, who remains responsible for them, and how volunteers are screened. The presenters said children are brought to the house regardless of whether they are headed to kinship or foster placement, that 72 hours is not a hard cutoff, and that a case worker remains in charge at all times while volunteers provide support. They also said volunteers undergo background checks, trauma-informed training, confidentiality instruction, and annual continuing education. In response to questions about funding and expansion, they said Isaiah 117 House is community-funded without state or federal money, and that new homes are opened only when fully funded, with construction costs typically ranging from $80,000 to $150,000 and first-year budgets around $180,000.
The committee then heard a presentation from Remy Eastep Homes on its Family Centered Integrated Healthcare and related services. Leaders described the organization’s history from its origins as separate orphanages in Boyd County to residential treatment, treatment foster care, prevention services, and outpatient behavioral health. They said the organization shifted about 15 years ago toward engaging families more directly because family involvement improves outcomes and helps keep children safely at home when possible. The presentation continued into program details, but no votes or formal actions were taken on either presentation.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
No entering into certain civil immigration enforcement agreements with the feds 3/3/26
Minnesota House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- </c><00:03:01.400><c> or</c> Instead of money going to schools or Instead of money going to schools or
- There is still cooperation to some extent by law enforcement in even in sanctuary cities, right?
- There is still cooperation to some extent by law enforcement in even in sanctuary cities, right?
- There is still cooperation to some extent by law enforcement in even in sanctuary cities, right?
- Even in sanctuary cities, right? We know this.