Transcript Highlights:

• Seeing no further discussion. Okay, thank you.
• In discussion?
• Any further discussion?
• Any discussion? No, sir. Okay, members, any further discussion? Hearing none. No, sir.
• Okay, members, any further discussion?

Keywords: 1182, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Any discussion? Seeing none, all those in favor say aye. Aye. Any opposed? All right.
• Any more discussion? Seeing none, all those in favor say aye. Aye. Any opposed?
• Committee, any further discussion?
• Committee, any further discussion?
• I'm, of course, here to discuss House Bill 563, but just one small section of it.

Summary: The committee first took up a series of Idaho Department of Insurance rule dockets, all presented by Director Dean Cameron as part of a five-year negotiated rule review. The rules covered self-funded health care plans for government entities, joint public agency self-funded plans, long-term care insurance, small employer and individual health insurance availability, coordination of benefits, short-term health plans, and managing general agents. Cameron repeatedly said the changes were mostly clarifications, deletions of duplicative statutory language, and reduced filing burdens, with a few notable policy points including Medicare coordination for seniors, adding generic prescription coverage language, and revising short-term plan rules to allow both traditional and enhanced plans through the end of the calendar year. The committee asked several questions, but no opposition was raised, and each docket was approved by motion. For the short-term plan docket, the committee also approved making the pending rule effective on the Legislature’s 2026 sine die date to avoid a gap after the temporary rule expires. The committee then heard House Bill 563 from Representative Jeff Ehlers, which would change CPA licensure requirements in Idaho. Ehlers said the bill is intended to address a CPA shortage by creating additional pathways to licensure: a bachelor’s degree plus the CPA exam and two years of supervised experience, or a master’s degree/150 hours with the existing experience requirements. He also said the bill would expand reciprocity for out-of-state CPAs in good standing. During questioning, members explored whether the bill lowered barriers too much, whether Idaho-specific knowledge was needed, and whether the residency language for taking the exam should be removed. Public testimony included support from Ken McClure of the Idaho Society of CPAs, who said the bill reflects a national model and that supervised experience is a quality-control measure that can be satisfied through peer or mentor arrangements, not just direct employment. Rachel Misnick, a state employee, testified in opposition to one supervision phrase, saying it could make it harder for government accountants without access to an active CPA supervisor to qualify. Laura Lance, executive director of the Idaho Society of CPAs, supported the bill and said it adds flexibility for candidates with different learning styles and helps rural areas where supervision is harder to find. The committee ultimately voted to send House Bill 563 to the floor with a do-pass recommendation.

Transcript Highlights:

• Yep. discussion? All right. discussion? All right.
• Any discussion on the motion?
• Any discussion on the motion?
• Any discussion? Any discussion amended. Any discussion?
• Any discussion on the motion? And Okay. Any discussion on the motion?

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Summary: The committee first took up SB 297 and a new amendment, 2462, which combined the original Senate bill with the Carson amendment and added a proposed alternative regulatory system, RSA 420R. The chair and members discussed that the amendment was intended to give the Senate what it had asked for while also creating a dual system for public entity risk pools. Members asked whether the new structure would affect ownership or governance of health trusts, and the chair explained that 420R would be a separate regulatory statute while existing 420J-style arrangements could remain in place. The committee also noted that a paragraph had been accidentally deleted from the amendment and that another amendment would be prepared to correct it, with the subcommittee recessed while that was done. Public testimony focused on School Care, represented by Executive Director Lisa Ducette, who opposed the shift to Department of Insurance oversight under 420R. She argued that public entity risk pools are not insurance companies, that they are accountable to member entities and taxpayers, and that the proposed dual regulation would add unnecessary costs through examinations, higher reserves, and additional accounting requirements. She said the change could threaten tax-exempt status and create an uneven playing field, and she urged the committee to support SB 297 with the Carson amendment instead of moving to 420R. Committee members questioned whether the amendment would actually affect pools that stayed under the Secretary of State model, and one member cited support from the New Hampshire Municipal Association for the dual system. The discussion then shifted to amendment 245 on ambulance reimbursement and contracting timelines. Members reviewed a provision giving insurers 45 days and ambulance providers 60 days in the contracting process, and one member suggested making both periods 60 days. The chair and others said the current language was intentional and part of a broader compromise aimed at ending balance billing and forcing insurers to establish reimbursement rates. Members noted that the measure was unusual and that its effects would be reviewed over the next two years, with one member saying the bill would likely be difficult to roll back later. No final vote was taken in the portion provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• Any further discussion?
• All right, any alternate motion or discussion on the motion? Hearing none?
• Any further discussion? Mr. Chairman. Senator Woodward.
• Not seeing any further discussion.
• Considering that we just lost the discussion there, I move that we hold it.

Summary: The committee began by recognizing and thanking page Caleb Williams for his service, including brief remarks and a song, before moving to approval of the minutes from March 12, 16, 17, and 18, 2026. All four sets of minutes were approved by voice vote. The committee then heard Senate Bill 1420, which would redirect about 1% of the state health insurance premium tax into a fund for medical education, with the goal of stabilizing funding for undergraduate medical education and supporting future expansion of medical school seats. Senator Lent and Representative Manwaring explained that the bill would create a dedicated pathway for these funds and could also accommodate other medical education-related revenues. After questions about the premium tax and existing uses of the fund, the committee voted to send SB 1420 to the floor with a due pass recommendation; Senator Zito requested to be recorded as opposed. Next, the committee considered House Joint Memorial 20, which asks the federal government to address the costs Idaho incurs under Plyler v. Doe for educating students regardless of immigration status. Representative Tanner argued the decision created an unfunded mandate and cited rough estimates of annual and long-term costs. After questions about the source of the student estimates, the committee voted to send HJM 20 to the floor with a due pass recommendation, with Senators Burtenshaw and Semmelroth requesting to be recorded as opposed. Finally, the committee heard House Bill 915, which would establish a baseline recess policy for public and charter schools, including a 20-minute daily outdoor recess for grades K-5 when feasible and a prohibition on withholding recess from an entire class as punishment. Senator Taves said the bill was intended to protect children’s health and learning, while opponents argued it was unnecessary and infringed on local control because schools already provide recess. The committee voted to hold HB 915 at the call of the chair, and the meeting adjourned with notice that the IDLA bill was expected the next day.

Transcript Highlights:

• Is there discussion on that motion? Seeing none, all in favor signify by saying aye. Aye.
• Is there discussion on the motion? Any other questions? Representative Scott. Thank you, Mr.
• Is there discussion on that motion or further questions?
• Any discussion on that motion? Representative Skog. Thank you, Madam Chairman. Mr.
• Is there any other discussion on the motion?

Summary: The committee first approved the minutes from March 20 and then reordered the agenda to hear several Senate measures. Senate Bill 1350, on cash rounding when pennies are unavailable, was presented as a voluntary guide for cash transactions only; it would round to the nearest five cents and was supported by the Idaho Retailers Association. After a brief question about change-making and a note of support from Pam Eaton, the committee sent the bill to the floor with a due pass recommendation. Members then heard Senate Joint Memorial 112, which urges Congress to propose a constitutional amendment requiring a balanced federal budget. Representative Raymond argued the federal deficit is unsustainable and said Idaho’s congressional delegation should lead on the issue; the memorial was advanced on a due pass motion. Senate Bill 1322, concerning voter affidavits for voters without photo ID, would require additional identifying information such as name, address, and either date of birth or driver’s license number before a ballot is issued. The Secretary of State’s office said about 1,200 voters used the affidavit in 2024 and supported the bill, which also received a due pass recommendation. The committee also advanced Senate Joint Memorial 109, reaffirming Idaho’s sovereignty and the Tenth Amendment in election administration, and House Concurrent Resolution 35, honoring Idaho’s 2026 Olympians, including medalists Breezy Johnson, Jalen Koth, and Hillary Knight. Representative Church read a statement from Sammy Smith’s coach praising her athletic competitiveness. Senate Concurrent Resolution 122, reaffirming Idaho’s relationship with Taiwan and its economic ties, was likewise sent to the floor with a due pass recommendation. In the final item, the committee considered temporary and pending rules for the Idaho Public Safety Communications Commission governing multi-year 911 grant authority and related scoring/application provisions. Sheriff Andy Creech said the rule would provide clearer limits and guidance for grants supporting next-generation 911 and that prior grants would remain valid. Despite his explanation, the committee voted to reject both docket 15-0601-2501 and docket 15-0601-2215, and then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• Any other discussion?
• Is there any discussion? Senator Christian. Thank you, Madam Chair.
• The folks of Yakima are no longer being a part of the discussion.
• Any further discussion? Seeing none, all in favor of Any further discussion?
• Is there any discussion? Senator Christian. Thank you, Madam Chair.

Summary: The Senate Human Services Committee met on February 25 and received staff briefings on three bills. Engrossed Substitute House Bill 2253, the DCYF licensing bill, was described as affecting foster care licensing, crisis residential center staffing ratios, and child care licensing. Staff reviewed multiple proposed amendments, including changes related to immediate threats to children’s safety, substance use, subsidy fraud, reporting channels, and DUI-related ineligibility, as well as a Wilson striking amendment that would remove many of those floor changes. After caucus, the chair announced she would pull ESHB 2253 from executive action for further work over the interim, and no vote was taken on the bill. Engrossed Substitute House Bill 2319, which renames certain residential habilitation centers, had one amendment to rename Yakima Valley School as the Yakima Valley Residential Habilitation Center. The committee adopted the amendment despite opposition from Senators Warnick and Christian, who said constituents in Yakima did not support the change. The bill then received a do-pass recommendation and was sent to Rules, with Senators Warnick and Christian voting no. House Bill 2464, concerning incident reporting by private detention facilities to the Department of Health and local law enforcement, was also considered. Senator Christian offered six amendments, including a JLARC study, public posting and legislative sharing of reports, expanded reporting requirements, food-safety consistency, and reimbursement for compliance costs; all six amendments failed. The committee then approved the bill on a do-pass recommendation and sent it to Rules, with Senator Christian opposing and Senator Orwall supporting the measure as a human-rights and safety bill. The chair closed the meeting after noting the committee had reached the policy cutoff and thanking staff for their work.

Transcript Highlights:

• Discussion? Representative Hall, thank you, Madam Chair.
• In discussion, Representative Ybarra.
• Is there further discussion? Seeing none, all those in favor? Is there further discussion?
• Representative Dye, in discussion. Thank you, Madam Chair.
• Further discussion? Representative Hibara.

Bills: SB6013

Keywords: ski areas, winter sports, terminology, recreation, economic development, 904, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Did you want to step up and go over those changes that you had discussed?
• Any discussion from committee members on that? Representative Volmer?
• So any further discussion? Further discussion? We'll proceed with the roll call vote. Mr.
• Further discussion? Is there a motion on the bill as amended?
• Further discussion? All right, and then we'll proceed with the vote. Pardon?

Keywords: 908, all

Summary: The conference committee on Senate Bill 2374 discussed proposed amendments to the insurance rebating provisions and a new study on towing and recovery issues. Deputy Insurance Commissioner John Arnold explained that, after working with industry representatives, the compromise was to remove the large commercial rebating exemption language and keep the rest of the bill intact, while also clarifying that federal crop insurance remains subject to the state’s rebating laws. Members asked several questions about how the large commercial risk definition would work, how the rules would apply to nonresident producers and border-area farm policies, and whether the changes would affect long-standing industry practices. The committee also considered Commissioner Godfrey’s request for a study on who pays to remove vehicles from the roadside when the owner has liability-only coverage, especially in cases involving totaled or abandoned vehicles. Arnold said the issue has been raised by Highway Patrol and towing interests and that the study language was intended to examine possible solutions for the next legislative session. Some members expressed concern about shifting costs to the insurance industry, but others supported the study as a way to gain clarity. The committee adopted the amendment package, including the towing study language, by a 6-0 roll call vote. It then passed Senate Bill 2374 as amended by another 6-0 vote. The committee noted that the bill would need floor carriers on both chambers, with Representative Johnson and Senator Klein indicating they would carry it.

Transcript Highlights:

• Is there any discussion? discussion? discussion?
• Um, any other member discussion?” discussion? discussion?
• </c> there any discussion to the A2? there any discussion to the A2?
• the discussion. Uh, have you thought of the discussion.
• </c> conversation, for discussion. conversation, for discussion.

Bills: HF3477, HF3480, HF3781, HF3357, HF3737, HF3664, HF3621

Keywords: civil rights, law enforcement, federal collaboration, accountability, state law, immigration enforcement, economic impact, Operation Metro Surge, study, appropriation, local government, Legislative Commission on Legislative Security, legislator security, elected official security, staff security, statehouse security, capitol security, legislative district safety, political violence prevention, threat assessment

Transcript Highlights:

• Any further discussion? Seeing none, we'll go to 2190.
• Any further discussion? Seeing none, we'll go to 2190.
• Discussion? Seeing none, 2309 please. Page 25.
• Discussion? Seeing none, 2318 please.
• Any further discussion, please do see the bill's sponsor. Thank you. Any further discussion?

Summary: The meeting covered a long series of House bills across health, commerce, education, elections, government, and veterans issues, with many measures described as consent-calendar items. In health and human services, members discussed updates to radiology technology standards, a tribal Medicaid waiver bill, an emergency medicine study committee, fetal death certificate and remains-transfer requirements, a physician assistant licensure compact, dementia care telemonitoring funding, and SNAP error-rate reduction and eligibility oversight. Sponsors generally framed these bills as technical updates, workforce or access improvements, cost savings, or support for families and vulnerable populations, while some bills drew brief questions about implementation or opposition. In commerce and finance, the committee heard bills on mobile food vendor licensing, earned wage access services, CPA certification, cash acceptance by retail businesses, unmanned aircraft regulation, timeshare salesperson licensing, social credit score restrictions for lending, and a ban on state assistance to the International Criminal Court. Sponsors emphasized reduced regulation, consumer protections, transparency, and state sovereignty. The committee also considered tax and retirement-related measures, including conformity with the Internal Revenue Code, ASRS technical changes, and a 529 plan update that also addressed Roth IRA rollovers. Education and school governance bills focused heavily on school district oversight and transparency. Members discussed patriotic youth group presentations in schools, school board term limits and mandatory training, bond-advisor requirements, restrictions on school districts buying operating charter or private schools to affect funding formulas, conflicts of interest on the School Facilities Oversight Board, public meeting and travel disclosure rules, limits on long-term school property leases, job-order contracting caps, and a computer science proficiency seal. Sponsors repeatedly argued these bills would improve accountability, prevent misuse of public funds, and increase public access to school board decisions. The meeting also included elections, veterans, government, and other administrative measures. These included changes to sample-ballot mailing deadlines, a requirement that courts ask about veteran status at first appearance, a veterans awareness study, broader military leave protections, SAVE database verification for voter registration and licensing, U.S.-sourced election equipment requirements, Electoral College affirmation, justice court due-process protections, library trustee reporting deadlines, adult protective services reporting cleanup, and procurement transparency. No final floor votes were taken in the excerpt, and most items were presented for questions or moved through consent with brief sponsor explanations and occasional opposition noted in committee testimony.

Transcript Highlights:

• We're continuing to discuss that with our partners here at the state.
• </c> last year we had it under discussion last year we had it under discussion last<00:25:24.480><c>
• Um, it's too bad Senator Ric isn't here to be part of the discussion today.
• Senator Pappas, I believe you've discussed more details of the agreement.
• Davis, it seems like a circular discussion. Ms.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Uh discussions &gt;&gt; Everybody understand? Uh discussions please.
• So discussion. So it's been moved and seconded. But let's talk discussion.
• &gt;&gt; So<00:53:47.280><c> discussion.</c> &gt;&gt; So discussion. &gt;&gt; So discussion.
• </c> &gt;&gt; Other discussions? Representative Lee. &gt;&gt; Other discussions?
• Any other discussions?

Bills: HB0045

Keywords: property tax, exemption, homeowners, long-term, aged, 916, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> discussed and passed earlier this year. discussed and passed earlier this year.
• &gt;&gt; Any<00:08:27.880><c> other</c><00:08:28.080><c> discussion?
• </c> &gt;&gt; Any other discussion? Senator Port. &gt;&gt; Any other discussion? Senator Port.
• gt;&gt; Any other discussion before &gt;&gt; Any other discussion before we<00:08:52.640><c> do</c><00
• Seeing &gt;&gt; Any discussion on that motion?

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:04:06.800><c> a</c> 409, which we thoroughly discussed a 409, which we thoroughly discussed a
• </c><00:22:45.760><c> the</c> Um would anyone like to discuss the Um would anyone like to discuss the
• </c> Uh any further discussion on this? Uh any further discussion on this?
• No, I think we discussed this second?
• this</c><00:28:28.280><c> earlier,</c> So, when we discussed this earlier, So, when we discussed this

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Any further discussion from the committee?
• Any discussion on the motion?
• Any discussion on the motion? Would you like to speak to that? I’d like to discuss my motion.
• Okay, committee, is there any further discussion?
• I was in a discussion.

Keywords: 989, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Any discussion? So now I get to do that, too.
• Any discussion? I move for its adoption. Any discussion? Representative Burton. To inquire, Mr.
• Further discussion. Further discussion. Thank you. Further discussion.
• Further discussion. Representative Murphy.
• Further discussion. That was too easy. Seen none.

Summary: The committee first took up House Bill 2330 in executive session. A committee substitute narrowed the bill’s annexation-related scope to St. Charles and Jefferson counties and removed water and sewer language because those services are provided by private entities in those counties. The committee adopted the substitute, but the final do-pass motion failed on a 6-8 vote after the chair changed his vote to no. The committee then considered House Bill 1817, which drew discussion about reporting public assistance information in a generalized way rather than identifying individual households. An amendment clarifying that the report would use averages and not specific addresses was adopted, rolled into a committee substitute, and the substitute was then passed on an 11-1 vote with one present. Members raised concerns about SNAP, TANF, and WIC-related provisions and about consistency in the bill’s population threshold, but the bill advanced. Public hearing testimony followed on House Bill 2291, a bill creating deadlines for local governments to act on building permit applications. Supporters, including the sponsor and industry advocates, said permit delays raise costs, slow housing and economic development, and argued the bill would not change zoning or inspections. Opponents, including the Missouri Municipal League, warned the bill’s language could be read to affect zoning and that a single 30-day deadline may not fit projects of different sizes or allow enough time for public input and safety review. No vote was taken on the bill. The committee also heard House Bill 2336, a state property disposal bill. The sponsor said a substitute would be needed because additional properties and corrected legal descriptions had been identified, and the Office of Administration confirmed support and explained that five properties, including former DESE schools and a Springfield regional office, would be added. Finally, House Bill 2403, the “Rue Wells Act,” was heard to create an independent appeal board for student transfer eligibility decisions by activities associations. Supporters described the case as unfair and costly to challenge in court, while others questioned whether a new board would add bureaucracy or bias. Testimony from school administrators said most appeals are already resolved within the existing process, but they were open to a narrowly tailored appeals mechanism with clear recusal rules and independence.

Transcript Highlights:

• Any discussion? I do have a subcommittee. Any discussion? I do have a substitute.
• Is there any other discussion about that?”
• Sorry to make so much discussion on this.”
• So it is going to, at this point, any other discussion?
• Any discussion? I do have a substitute, of course.

Summary: The committee first took up House Bill 2710, which would revise school accountability report cards. The sponsor and members described a committee substitute that clarified the report card’s purpose, added an appeal process and changed deadlines, set the top decile of schools as the highest rating, addressed the 95% participation issue with an asterisk-style disclosure, shifted the Show Me Success funding language toward growth-based criteria, clarified growth-to-proficiency language, added agricultural industry reporting, and removed an anonymous survey section and a changing-target provision. After discussion about how letter-grade cutoffs would be set and whether the bill captured enough information about school quality, the committee adopted an amendment changing “growth to proficiency” to “growth relative to grade level” and exempting special school districts or state-operated schools serving only students with disabilities. The substitute was adopted and the committee voted the bill do pass by 16 ayes and 6 noes. The committee then considered House Bill 2872, a literacy bill. The sponsor explained that the substitute kept the four approved screeners, retained the commission, and softened the three-cueing language so science of reading remains the primary approach while allowing teachers some flexibility. Members discussed retention and possible future exceptions, including parental consent and reading plans, but those changes were not yet drafted. The substitute was adopted and the bill passed the committee 20-0, with two present. Next, the committee heard House Bill 2120 and House Bill 1698 together under a combined substitute addressing bullying and related reporting requirements. The substitute removed language on second-degree harassment, added a title reference to Sawyer’s Law, modified reporting procedures to require notice by the end of the school day or the next school day if the incident occurs on a weekend, and clarified investigation and liability protections for teachers. The substitute was adopted and the combined bill passed unanimously. The committee then moved out of executive session and heard House Bill 2335, which would let districts and administrators reduce repetitive annual teacher trainings by using a rotation after a teacher’s first three years. The sponsor and several witnesses from school administrator and teacher groups supported the bill as a time-saving retention measure, while a student witness raised concerns about ensuring continued training on mental health emergencies. Testimony then began on House Bill 2918, the Cronkite New Voices Act, which would expand student journalism rights at public schools and public colleges. The sponsor, a Hazelwood plaintiff, student journalists, an advisor, a law professor, and free-speech advocates testified in support, arguing the bill would protect student speech while preserving limits for libel, obscenity, privacy, and disruption; no opposing testimony was presented before the transcript ended.

Transcript Highlights:

• Thank you, and thank you for the discussion last week.
• Is there any discussion? Senator Irvin, you're recognized for discussion. Yeah, thank you.
• And for discussion purposes, I support the motion.
• Any other discussion? Thank you, Mr. Chair. Any other discussion?
• Is there any discussion? Hearing no discussion, all in favor say aye. Any opposed?

Summary: The Administrative Rules Subcommittee of the Arkansas Legislative Council reviewed several agency rules and requests. The Insurance Department’s amendment to its holding company system rule was reviewed and approved, as were two State Board of Election Commissioners rules: one clarifying poll watcher conduct, vote challenges, and provisional voting, and another increasing pay for certified election monitors and defining training, observation, and report-writing compensation. The Arkansas Financial Education Commission also had its rule reviewed and approved after removing membership requirements tied to DEI language to comply with Act 938. The committee held over the Department of Education’s request to be excluded from reporting requirements for one month to allow further discussion about who should write or implement the rules. A major portion of the meeting focused on the Department of Human Services’ request to be excluded from reporting requirements for Acts 567, 568, 967, and 1025. DHS said CMS had raised comparability and other federal approval concerns, especially for the dental and diagnostic lab provisions, and that it might not be able to meet the acts’ effective dates. DHS described several possible paths forward, including broader benefit changes, waivers, or splitting the dental provisions so the pediatric rate increase could move separately from the special-needs adult cap increase. The Arkansas State Dental Association disputed DHS’s conclusion that the acts could not be implemented as written, argued that Act 1025 is workable, and urged DHS to continue pursuing implementation and preserve the September 1 effective date where possible. Public testimony also supported expanded dental access for adults with disabilities and special needs. After discussion, the committee voted not to exclude DHS from reporting requirements for those acts. The committee then reviewed the Division of Higher Education’s Act 781 report. The division said it has 32 rules in effect, asked to repeal three rules—two replaced by new rules and one no longer supported by authority or current law—and to continue the remaining 29 rules. The committee approved that request, with the repeals effective upon adjournment of the Legislative Council meeting on January 16, 2026. The meeting concluded with no questions on the remaining written rulemaking updates from prior and current sessions, which were filed without further action.

Transcript Highlights:

• Looking forward to a very good discussion this morning.
• We had this discussion in 2019.
• But this methodology discussion is important, and at the heart of it...
• Senator West and I had a brief discussion about it.
• And I want to thank everybody for a fantastic discussion today.

Bills: SB9, SB 9

Keywords: property tax, ad valorem tax, voter-approval tax rate, no-new-revenue tax rate, tax rate calculation, Tax Code, local government finance, municipality, county, special taxing unit, sales and use tax, property tax cap, tax rollback, tax levy, maintenance and operations, debt rate, disaster relief rate, Texas Legislature, local taxing unit, school assessment

Transcript Highlights:

• You haven't had any discussion about meeting in public? Pardon me.
• </c> discussion meeting in public? Pardon me. discussion meeting in public?
• :12:30.800><c> with</c> haven't had any discussions with haven't had any discussions with Governor<00
• Do you do you been discussions yet.
• </c> arguing in good faith or discussing arguing in good faith or discussing things<00:23:58.799><c>

Keywords: 1187, senate, all