Transcript Highlights:

• It can only be assessed through modeling.
• You know, they have models, including the CATS models, and others, that are used to inform this.
• You know, there's the old saying that all models are wrong; some models are useful, and that is absolutely
• And that's really not true because every model is going to have assumptions required, and every model
• , and, you know, the models are uncertain and you have to account for that when you interpret modeling

Summary: The hearing was a select committee discussion on the transportation costs and impacts of California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS), with opening remarks from the co-chairs and members emphasizing affordability, climate goals, and the need to explain the program’s benefits to the public. The first panel from CARB and the California Energy Commission described how LCFS works as a market-based, declining carbon-intensity program that rewards lower-carbon fuels, supports zero-emission vehicle infrastructure, and is intended to reduce greenhouse gases and local air pollution. They argued the program has driven billions in private investment, increased alternative fuel use, and that LCFS credit prices are not the main driver of retail gasoline prices, which they said are dominated by crude oil, refining, and distribution costs. Members questioned the panel on the gap between the regulatory target and actual carbon-intensity performance, the role of credit banking, which fuels are generating the most credits, how the 2025 amendments affected the program, and whether LCFS credits are truly additional. CARB explained that banking helps cost-effectiveness and investment certainty, that ethanol, renewable diesel, and biodiesel currently provide the largest volumes while electricity is expected to grow, and that the updated targets were informed by the state’s 2045 carbon-neutrality goals and the 2030 scoping plan. The Energy Commission said its data show environmental programs add some cost to gasoline but do not drive price volatility, which is mainly tied to crude oil and refinery margins. The second panel, featuring academic and research experts, focused on program design, out-of-state credit generation, and broader economic effects. Speakers said LCFS is successful because it ties incentives to emissions benefit, uses life-cycle analysis, and allows flexible compliance that lowers costs compared with more direct regulation. They also said the program’s benefits generally outweigh costs, that it can reduce air pollution disparities and support equity, but that some issues—especially indirect land use change, additionality, and older program assumptions—need more research and may warrant future rulemaking. One researcher noted that while LCFS likely raises gasoline prices somewhat, the effect is uncertain by design and usually smaller than normal market fluctuations, and another warned that limiting credit generation too narrowly could create legal and efficiency problems.

Transcript Highlights:

• I want to talk about the current funding model a little bit.
• So that's kind of where the current model is.
• If the funding model If the funding model puts in money for one-to-one computers, are we creating an
• Across the entire model, we have been limited to 2.6 FTE.
• funding model in the other categories.

Keywords: 916, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The PUC is given the authority to set a reliability standard and to establish penalties and incentives
• These are all dispatchable gas units, and they are already subject to certain regulations. to reliability
• That every one of our energy sources has at least a certain amount of reliability.
• I think your goal of reliability is a very laudable goal and one that we all agree on.
• Yes, we have a model where we essentially pay rent to the store location.

Bills: SB383, SB1012, SB1181, SB1705, SB2075, SB2221, SB2586, SB2864, SB2994

Keywords: SB 383, ERCOT, Texas Utilities Code, interconnection, wind power facility, offshore wind, coastal wind, nearshore wind, Gulf of America, Texas coast, three marine leagues, electric grid, transmission line, distribution facility, renewable energy, battery storage, energy storage, grid access, power grid, electric service

Transcript Highlights:

• We've got modeling.
• We've got modeling.
• You have modeling? You stand ready to help us? Gosh, I'd love to see this. You have modeling?
• Gosh, I'd love to see that modeling. How do I get it? How are they coming? Mr.
• It's critical to ensure reliable service and public safety.

Bills: SB1046, SB1317, SB1376, SB1416, SB1448, SB1471, SB1493, SB1498, SB1502, SB1504, SB1538, SB1544, SB1550, SB1579, SB1581, SB1584, SB1624, SB1673

Keywords: telecommunications, broadband, internet infrastructure, critical infrastructure, cybersecurity, national security, foreign adversary, China, Chinese equipment, supply chain security, network equipment, microchips, Arizona Corporation Commission, telecommunications provider, communications infrastructure, Huawei, ZTE, state-owned enterprise, sanctions, infrastructure security

Summary: The committee first approved its February 4 minutes and announced several bills would be held, including SB 1317, SB 1416, SB 1419, SB 1490, and SB 1493. It then heard SB 1579, which would appropriate about $4.7 million from the state general fund to expand a law enforcement data-sharing pilot through the Department of Administration, with funds for DPS, county sheriffs, university police, and city/town police departments. Testimony from the sponsor, Flagstaff’s mayor, Eloy’s police chief, and Maricopa County Sheriff’s Office staff emphasized faster records access, better coordination, and officer safety; an amendment added $125,900 for the Scottsdale Police Department after it had been omitted. The committee adopted the amendment and gave SB 1579 a do pass recommendation by a 6-0 vote with one not voting. The committee next considered SB 1581, which appropriates about $1.4 million from the Peace Officer Training Equipment Fund for pepperball equipment and about $1.316 million for public safety training simulators, with an amendment increasing the Nogales Police Department’s pepperball allocation and expanding simulator funding so Yavapai County could buy two simulators with a three-year warranty. Supporters from Navajo County, Phoenix, Glendale, Flagstaff, and Cochise County described pepperball as a de-escalation tool and simulators as important for crisis-response and use-of-force training. The committee adopted the amendment and passed SB 1581 as amended on a 7-0 vote. SB 1673 was heard next and would appropriate $8.2 million from the general fund to the Law Enforcement Crime Victim Notification Fund, exempting the appropriation from lapsing. The sponsor and law enforcement witnesses said the automated notification system has improved victim communication, reduced workload, and sent millions of updates; committee members asked about funding sources and why a bill is needed for a constitutionally mandated program. The committee approved SB 1673 without amendment on a 7-0 vote. The committee also heard SB 1544, which would make adult probation records public on request, while requiring redaction or withholding of sensitive information such as victim data, minors’ information, medical or counseling records, active investigations, and confidential informants, and creating a process for written denials and court appeals. The sponsor said the bill is intended to increase transparency and data access, while witnesses raised concerns about risk-assessment language and confidential information; the sponsor said amendments would be brought later to clarify those provisions. The committee passed SB 1544 on a 4-3 vote. Finally, SB 1376, creating a civic leadership development special plate and fund for a youth mentoring nonprofit, passed unanimously, and SB 1550, a three-year Queen Creek pilot program to prevent runaway youth exploitation and improve investigations, also passed after testimony from Queen Creek officials and police; one senator voted no, citing concerns about how runaway youth are treated in other legislation. The committee then began hearing SB 1504, a pension bill modifying retirement dates and COLA timing for Tier 2 and Tier 3 public safety personnel, with supporters arguing it would improve recruitment and retention and opponents warning it would create significant unfunded liabilities, but the transcript cuts off before final action on that bill.

Transcript Highlights:

• Um as you said here's maintenance and improvement reliability, peak load reduction attributable to demand
• So I think it's something their business model intends to move into. Thank you.
• So I think it's something their business model intends to move into.
• So I think it's something their business model intends to move into.
• /c><00:37:32.560> should<00:37:32.800> be models are pursued, they should be models are

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• of like some interesting. kind of standardizing our observations, kind of like some inter-rater reliability
• to add on to that, our current reimbursement rates are directly related to that particular cost modeling
• We need to model that it's important, which is why I'm an advocate for every single school district to
• day calendar and chronic absenteeism is a problem... ...and then we close for ice storms, are we modeling
• calendar day calendar and chronic absenteeism is a problem and then we close for ice storms are we modeling

Summary: The committee met to review early childhood education funding, access, and program sustainability, with Secretary Aleva and Director Ashland Abney providing updates on Arkansas’s ABC state-funded preschool program and the federal CCDF/SRA program. Members discussed the long-standing flat funding for ABC, which rose from $11 million to $14 million in 2018, compared with roughly $137 million in federal CCDF/SRA funding. Officials said ABC serves about 23,000 children, while SRA serves about 14,871 children and has a wait list of about 2,971 children. Members also asked for more data on rural versus urban access, provider types, and the number of slots and providers by region. A major topic was how to improve quality and access while aligning early childhood with K-12. Officials said the department is moving from the Better Beginnings environmental rating system toward CLASS observations, using local leads and a kindergarten-readiness strategy tied to quality improvement. Members raised concerns about deserts and islands in service availability, the cost of school-based versus community-based providers, and the need to support infant-toddler care as well as preschool. The commissioner said early learning should be part of long-term state education investment, but that simply adding money would not solve access gaps without broader structural changes. The committee also discussed recent funding changes and their effects on providers and families. Officials said a $14.741 million PDG-BFV competitive grant will support systems-building work, including local leads, workforce, data systems, and third-party CLASS observations, but it is a one-year grant and not direct service funding. Members questioned the impact of new co-pays, provider closures, and slot reallocations; officials said eight closures were tied specifically to funding changes, and that paying only for enrolled children rather than allocated slots saved about $576,000. They also discussed dual enrollment in home visiting and ABC, with officials estimating that limiting double enrollment could save about $2.4 million and potentially serve about 470 more children. The meeting ended with agreement to continue regular updates and further discussion, and the committee adjourned without a vote on legislation.

Transcript Highlights:

• Most of what you see in that A1 is modeled off the federal statute, 18 U.S.C. 592.
• These are modeled largely on federal statute 18 U.S.C. 593.
• These are modeled largely on federal statute 18 U.S.C. 593.
• And this is partially modeled. Administrators, voters, watchers, and challengers.
• Accessible and reliable elections are essential to an effective democracy.

Bills: SB264, SB261

Keywords: election integrity, voter coercion, public safety, emergency procedures, polling place security, health regulations, community welfare, peace promotion, legislative reforms, 996, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Warwick said New Hampshire could transform its energy sector into a leading provider of reliable and
• Business owners said that the top policy priority should be affordability and reliability.
• I have reliability. Where's your question, please?
• Because that does seem like the assertion. have reliability I have where's your have reliability I have
• reliability one of the key elements is having fuel diversity.

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The PUC is given full authority to set a reliability standard and to establish penalties and incentives
• These are all dispatchable gas units, and they are already subject to reliability requirements due to
• I think your goal of reliability is a very laudable goal, and one that we all agree on.
• I think your goal of reliability is a very laudable goal, and one that we all agree on.
• Yes, we have a model where we essentially pay rent to the store locations.

Bills: SB383, SB1012, SB1181, SB1705, SB2075, SB2221, SB2586, SB2864, SB2994

Keywords: SB 383, ERCOT, Texas Utilities Code, interconnection, wind power facility, offshore wind, coastal wind, nearshore wind, Gulf of America, Texas coast, three marine leagues, electric grid, transmission line, distribution facility, renewable energy, battery storage, energy storage, grid access, power grid, electric service

Summary: The committee took up a long list of pending bills before moving to several bills on the day’s posting. It reported favorably SB 438, SB 512, SB 647, SB 648, SB 715, SB 758, SB 1964, SB 2121, SB 2145, SB 2167, SB 2330, SB 2349, SB 2443, SB 2629, SB 2702, SB 1495, and SB 2268, with several of those adopted from committee substitutes. Some measures were sent to the local and uncontested calendar, while others were reported to the full Senate. Votes on the pending-business bills were generally strong, though SB 715 and SB 2330 drew recorded opposition; SB 647 and SB 648 had one member present not voting because of confusion over the deed-related bills. A major discussion centered on SB 715, which would establish a reliability standard and penalties/incentives for generation resources. Senator Sparks said the committee substitute would avoid unfairly penalizing existing dispatchable generation, allow wind and solar to qualify through storage or backup power, give the PUC flexibility to set standards and phase in the program, and exempt switchable units. Critics raised concerns that it could raise consumer costs and destabilize the market, while supporters argued it would improve reliability. The committee substitute was adopted and the bill was reported out 6-4. The committee also heard testimony on SB 2330, dealing with payroll deduction for association dues, where the author said the bill would end state involvement in dues collection except for first responders covered by meet-and-confer agreements. Members questioned why teachers and other employees were treated differently, and the bill was reported out 6-5. Other notable bills included SB 2864 on building-integrated photovoltaics, SB 1012 on sale of surplus state property, SB 2221 on fraudulent UCC filings, SB 1705 regulating cryptocurrency kiosks with licensing, transaction limits, fee caps, and a 72-hour hold, SB 1181 on combative sports licensing, SB 2586 on HOA transparency, SB 2075 as a TDLR cleanup bill, and SB 383 restricting offshore wind interconnection based on impacts to shipping, wildlife, and coastal interests. Several of these were left pending after testimony, with SB 1705 drawing both law enforcement support and industry concerns over the fee caps and limits.

Transcript Highlights:

• We can have a hub model at our academic center.
• One of the models we discussed a year or two ago is a direct primary care model.
• However, that's not the model we have.
• This is not a theoretical model. It is a proven clinical care model.
• It's a subscription model.

Keywords: 1184, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• We thank You for his love for You and his love for each of us, a love that he models.
• We thank you for his love for you and his love for each of us, a love that he models.
• That's sort of a managed-care model.
• It has to do with fact checkers or media reliability and bias monitors.
• ...media reliability and bias monitors. But why do we have to ban them in our budget? Sure, Hooper.

Keywords: 998, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• We thank you for his love for you and his love for each of us, a love that he models.
• And that's sort of a managed care model.
• It's going to be a blended model over multiple months.
• It has to do with fact checkers or media reliability and bias monitors.
• Media reliability and bias monitors, but why do we, why does we have to ban them in our budget?

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• And the legislature took that model and created, as Senator Blanco said, the Texas Law Enforcement Peer
• So modeling after the law enforcement peer network, we found that those who are actually serving and
• The estimate should be full and reliable for the patient. So again, we are in support of this bill.
• If the committee is unable to provide a reliable estimate of cost while completing the analysis, they
• Our old payment models, you know, 30, 40, 50 years old, fee-for-service payment models, basically reward

Bills: HB35, HB138, HB754, HB1314, HB1612, HB2254, HB2510, HB2789, HB3560, HB3597, HB4224, HB4273, HB4643, HB4783, HB138

Keywords: peer support, first responders, mental health, confidentiality, emergency services, health impact analysis, cost analysis, coverage mandates, health insurance, legislative analysis, health care data, human trafficking, trafficking prevention, medical assistant training, health care facilities, hospital compliance, clinic compliance, anti-retaliation, whistleblower protection, employee reporting

Transcript Highlights:

• It is a competition over which model prevails. model prevails: the U.S. model of political and economic
• Beijing knows the China model is deeply flawed. That is why Beijing resorts to malign influence.
• China's national engineers developed the Deep-Seeker AI model that surprised the world this week.
• Does the proliferation of open-source AI models that are trained to push the CCP's propaganda advance
• The second is that the more that those models are trained on an international set of data, the more we're

Transcript Highlights:

• We take one-time subsidy through the land trust model. We remove land from the speculative market.
• We believe that the community land trust model provides a mechanism that not only solves for the lack
• We need a steady, reliable stream to meet the need.
• for Success we need a steady reliable for Success we need a steady reliable stream<01:00:20.079>
• We need more reliable funding that addresses the full continuum of housing issues.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• You said it perfectly that education is, you know, in a trisection of a new model.
• And a new model starts with a new process.
• And I think it's pretty significant that we acknowledge that this is a good model.
• And I think it's a pretty significant that we acknowledge that this is a good model.
• Alvarez: It is significant that we acknowledge that this is a good model.

Summary: The Assembly Education Committee heard several education bills, with AB 887 by Assemblymember Berman proposing that every school district and charter school adopt a plan so all high schools offer at least one computer science course by 2029-30. Supporters, including a teacher and student, argued California is falling behind other states and that computer science is essential for student opportunity and workforce readiness. ACSA opposed the bill, citing the shortage of qualified computer science teachers and administrative burden. The bill passed the committee on a 6-0 vote and was sent to Appropriations. The committee also heard AB 1390 by Assemblymember Solache, which would allow local and county school boards to raise trustee compensation above long-standing statutory minimums that have not changed in decades. Supporters said the current stipends are too low to make board service accessible to working families and younger community members. There was no opposition testimony, and the bill passed with five votes, with the roll left open for additional members. AB 865 by Assemblymember Gonzalez would create a $5 million, three-year grant program for dual-language immersion instructional materials, split between high-demand languages and other languages. Supporters said districts often lack standards-aligned materials in languages beyond Spanish, forcing teachers to create their own. The bill passed 7-0 to Appropriations. AB 857 by Assemblymember Gibson, requiring annual cultural competency training for K-12 staff, also passed 5-1 after supporters linked it to the state reparations task force report and argued it would improve trust and student outcomes. The committee additionally approved AB 677 by Assemblymember Bryan, which would make it easier for unhoused students to access school-based vision and dental screenings by allowing directory information to be used for that purpose with an opt-out process; it passed 8-0. AB 903 by Assemblymember Avila Farias, directing the Department of Education to develop best practices on education technology and digital equity, passed after amendments and with some opponents indicating they would remove opposition once the amendments were in print. Finally, AB 917 by Assemblymember Avila Farias, extending permanent-status protections to certain educators in small districts and county programs, drew significant opposition from small districts and regional occupational programs over flexibility and funding concerns; the bill still passed 5-2 with the roll held open for additional votes.

Transcript Highlights:

• And the model is now used in all three elementary schools in our district.
• I'm very familiar with the licensing models of many different vendors.
• I hate this licensing and subscription model.
• c><01:20:37.920> often current pricing models are often current pricing models are often significantly
• But without a reliable, accessible elevator, too many people are facing barriers.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• accountability system. by requiring advance notice of changes to standards and indicators, providing a model
• But we now have a model in Houston on how to do that. And... And the data speaks for itself. Mr.
• There's some sort of mathematical model that is described in the abstract in the bill.
• First, they're going to have reliability and validity, as the commission has sure talked about.
• bill maintains strong accountability, ensuring changes to performance standards are... predictable, modeled

Bills: SB8, SB 8

Keywords: education, accountability, public school assessment, state law, transparency, intervention, performance ratings, sex designation, restroom access, civil penalties, private civil right of action, women's privacy, 1185, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• There were a lot of eyes on House File 2310, where it truly embraced a good 2.0 model that refined the
• a good 2.0 model that refined the<00:41:41.760> program<00:41:42.119> it<00:41:42.280>
• after what we've done largely modeled after what we've done here<00:41:55.560> in<00:41:55.680
• We're just simply allowing the most affordable, the most consistent, the most reliable, and the most
• We're just simply allowing the most affordable, the most consistent, the most reliable, and the most

Bills: HF2103, HF2793

Keywords: energy, renewable energy, ammonia, hydrogen, certificate tracking, funding, environment, community solar, energy policy, sustainability, solar garden program, regulation sunset, 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• ...ownership and proven business models.
• And they specifically talk about the reliable proving of supporting documentation.
• And you're saying that the state is the sole arbiter of whether or not that is reliably proven?
• That was a 1990s economic model that the state chose.
• That was a 1990s economic model that the state chose.

Bills: HM3, HM11, HM14, HM15, HM21, HM25, HB9, SB2, SB19

Keywords: nurses, health care workers, healthcare workers, frontline workers, hospital staff, clinicians, allied health professionals, support staff, public health, workforce shortage, nursing shortage, safe staffing, patient safety, rural health care, frontier communities, behavioral health, mental health, substance use disorder, substance abuse, health care memorial