Transcript Highlights:

• The Natural Resources and Disaster Subcommittee will now come to order.
• Again, I want to welcome you to the Natural Resources and Disaster Subcommittee.
• The Big Bend and Nature Coast in some areas received over 15 feet in specific locations.
• We want to be the first boots on the ground every single time a natural disaster...
• Want to be the first boots on the ground every single time a natural disaster hits.

Summary: The Natural Resources and Disaster Subcommittee met to continue its review of hurricane impacts and state response. The committee first heard from the Florida Division of Emergency Management, which described its four core functions—preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation—and highlighted its 24/7 State Watch Office, regional training efforts, and disaster assistance work. Deputy Executive Director Keith Pruitt detailed the state’s 2024 storm response, including Hurricanes Debby, Helene, and Milton, citing large-scale mission support, flood-control deployments, meal and water distribution, power restoration, debris removal, and billions in disaster funding and mitigation dollars. He also discussed debris management challenges and recommended that local governments update and exercise debris plans and maintain contingency contracts.

Transcript Highlights:

• All of these changes were natural.
• So you get to a point naturally dying.
• partnership between the nature partnership between the nature conservancy<01:09:44.080> and
• It takes care of natural them in a bank.
• But under the natural resource time.

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: The meeting was called to order, the Pledge of Allegiance was led, and the clerk called the roll, establishing a quorum. The committee approved the prior minutes after correcting the date and changing a reference so that a draft-legislation note attributed to Representative Wlette was corrected. After that, the chair introduced a carbon presentation by Mr. Charlie Lebec and invited members and guests to move closer to view the slides. Mr. Lebec’s presentation focused on forest carbon science and forest carbon offset markets, with emphasis on how forests store, sequester, and emit carbon. He explained greenhouse gases and the relationship between atmospheric CO2 and temperature, then defined key terms such as carbon storage, sequestration, flux, sinks, and sources. He also described forest carbon pools, noting that soils contain a large share of forest carbon, and discussed how forest age affects storage and sequestration, arguing that younger forests often sequester carbon faster while older forests store more carbon overall. He also addressed how harvested wood products can continue to store carbon, responding to a question from a member about mass timber and carbon sinks. The presentation included regional comparisons showing New Hampshire’s forest density, carbon storage, and sequestration relative to other New England states, and noted that New Hampshire forests offset more than 30% of the state’s annual greenhouse gas emissions from nonforest sources, while Maine and Vermont offset even larger shares. Mr. Lebec said eastern forests are generally carbon sinks, unlike some western forests affected by wildfire, and stressed that forest management, soil protection, and forest age all influence carbon outcomes. No votes or substantive policy actions were taken beyond approving the minutes; the meeting was primarily informational.

Transcript Highlights:

• Our group has never been against natural burial.
• <00:15:58.560> funeral<00:15:59.000> Directors the natural funeral Directors the natural
• <00:20:43.080> burial soul to not only making natural burial soul to not only making natural
• natural natural burial<00:21:43.360> why<00:21:43.480> are<00:21:43.600> we<00:
• intent is not to stop um these natural intent is not to stop um these natural burials<00:26:20.559

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• We're really protecting our environment and natural resources.
• <00:08:41.000> resources<00:08:41.599> too that are using our natural resources too
• want to have people that use our natural want to have people that use our natural resources<00:10
• <00:24:37.840> normally these or what's kind of natur normally these or what's kind of natur
• We talked about the natural areas.

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• Uh, section two is a section that talks about the nature and content of report and to whom it should
• I recognize the Senator from Rutland District for the report of the Committee on Natural Resources.
• the report of the Committee on Natural the report of the Committee on Natural Resources.<01:22:47.280
• <01:27:18.480> Are<01:27:18.640> you Natural Resources and Energy?
• Are you Natural Resources and Energy?

Keywords: 927, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Again, in natural disasters, animal control will be able to be proactive about that.
• Natural gas was over-performing by a wide margin, leading up to and during Winter Storm Uri.
• If you look over on the right, natural gas is that line at the top.
• So he could still shut down. ...VFWs if there is a natural disaster, but otherwise he could not.
• The process is administrative in nature. There are no automatic hearings unless necessary.

Bills: HB45, HB755, HB 1232, HB1555, HB2460, HB2702, HB2973, HB3120, HB3225, HB3314, HB3356, HB3371, HB3634, HB3638, HB4247, HB4283, HB4290, HB4302, HB4503, HB4511, HB4565, HB4581, HB4627, HB4632, HB4660, HB4668, HB4960, HB5042, HB45

Keywords: housing, affordable housing, rent control, landlord-tenant laws, housing rights, lobbying, public entities, expenditures, government code, transparency, Texas Ethics Commission, government regulation, lobbying restrictions, government accountability, taxpayer money, HB 1232, whistleblower, whistleblower protection, public employee, retaliation

Transcript Highlights:

• :10.320> prospective question was about the prospective question was about the prospective nature
• and nature or applicability and grandfathering<00:13:13.440> in<00:13:13.839> existing
• disaster and I would call on a natural disaster and I would call on representative<00:51:23.240>
• <01:20:18.199> disasters circumstances of such natural disasters circumstances of such natural
• disasters we should avoid during natural disasters we should avoid a<01:20:26.760> potential<

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: The House Finance Committee first took up a nongermane amendment to House Bill 71 that would require state vendors, through contract language, to comply with the New Hampshire Patient Bill of Rights. Representative Edwards said the amendment was revised after feedback from the hospital association and DHHS, applies only to new contracts or amendments, and includes a repeal date of November 30, 2026 so it would function only for the current budget cycle. John Williams of Legislative Affairs said the changes reflected work with DHHS procurement staff and with hospital stakeholders, including the removal of the term "addenda" in favor of "amendment" and clarification on prospective application. The committee did not vote on the amendment at that time, noting it would be attached later to HB 71. The committee then moved into executive session and acted on several bills. HB 67, which converts a pilot program for accessible voting machines in local elections into a permanent program, was amended to remove a $100,000 appropriation and adjust dates; the amendment and the bill as amended both passed unanimously, 25-0, and the bill was suggested for the consent calendar. HB 111, extending the Right-to-Know Ombudsman position, was retained and slated to be incorporated into HB 2 after a unanimous 25-0 vote, with the ombudsman noting the office could expire July 1 if the budget were delayed. HB 164, creating a process for a publicly accessible website for local records retention and access, was also retained for HB 2 by a 25-0 vote because it carries an appropriation. HB 216 was retained for further work because the committee could not get reliable cost information from the retirement system or the Labor Department; members said the fiscal note looked alarming, though the committee believed the actual cost might be near zero. HB 282, which raises the biennium cap on critical injury benefits for first responders from $500,000 to $1 million without increasing any individual benefit, was voted ought to pass 25-0 and will require a report. HB 619, dealing with solid waste issues and a possible self-funding accounting unit, was retained for HB 2 by a 25-0 vote. HB 650, an annual dedicated-funds cleanup bill that also caps a robotics fund at $1 million, passed ought to pass 25-0 and was placed on consent. Finally, HB 129, defining "evidence-based" in public education, was retained 25-0 while members continued working on language, and HB 133, concerning new resident driver’s license transfer requirements and DMV notices, drew a split policy discussion: the minority raised constitutional, administrative, and fiscal concerns, while the majority moved to retain it for HB 2 consideration.

Transcript Highlights:

• Putting hundreds of naturally solitary and extremely intelligent... Worldwide.
• They are known for their curiosity, playful nature, and ability to escape.
• Octopuses are solitary creatures in nature. Cages are torture.
• Octopuses are solitary creatures in nature and are very territorial.
• It wasn't like any other nature documentary.

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The Joint Committee on Agriculture opened its first hearing by outlining procedures, including three-minute testimony limits, written testimony options, and the plan to hear 27 bills in docket order. The committee then took testimony on H.11/S.53, a resolve promoting equity in agriculture, with advocates from the Massachusetts Food System Collaborative, Southeastern Mass Agricultural Partnership, and urban farming organizations describing racial and economic disparities in farming, lack of data on BIPOC farmers, barriers to land and capital, and the need for a commission to collect information and recommend policy changes. Committee members asked questions about the importance of data collection and future policy development, and the bill was repeatedly urged to be reported favorably out of committee. Testimony also supported H.118, which would create a special commission to examine the strengths and sustainability of the Commonwealth’s emergency food network. The Amherst Survival Center described serving 1.6 million meals last year and explained that food pantries are now functioning as essential parts of the state’s food system while relying heavily on donations, volunteers, and unstable funding. Members discussed the need for a more holistic look at food security infrastructure. The committee then heard H.119/S.60 on climate change impacts on farms and fisheries, with regional planners and farm advocates describing flood damage, rising costs, canceled federal climate-smart funding, and the need for direct state support for adaptation, resilience, and infrastructure improvements. The committee also heard testimony on H.125/H.142/S.65, a healthy soils bill, from landscape professionals who said construction sites often leave poor or stripped soil and that the bill would require better post-construction soil standards to support healthier landscapes and reduce long-term maintenance and environmental problems. Finally, the committee took extensive testimony on H.127, which would prohibit aquaculture of octopus for human consumption. Supporters, including legislators, scientists, veterinarians, students, and animal welfare advocates, argued octopus are highly intelligent and sentient, cannot be farmed humanely, and that octopus aquaculture would create environmental harms such as waste runoff, pressure on wild fish stocks, and ecosystem disruption. No votes were taken during the hearing; the bills were heard and testimony was received.

Transcript Highlights:

• All right, the Senate Natural Resources and Water Committee will come to order.
• This bill will help reduce future emissions related to open burning or natural decomposition of forest
• I'm Michael Jair with The Nature Conservancy.
• I'm Michael Jair with The Nature Conservancy.
• natural way to store water that can support both water uses and environmental flows in dry times.

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Sá'uwaadio with the Nature Conservancy, in support. Thank you.
• The motion is do pass to Senate Natural Resources and Water. Please call the absent members.
• Motion is do pass as to Natural Resources and Water. Please call the absent members.
• Motion is do pass to Natural Resources and Water. Please call the absent members.
• The motion is do pass and send to Natural Resources and Water. Please call the absent member.

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Summary: The Senate Emergency Management Committee heard two presentation bills and then took up a consent calendar. AB 1934, by Assembly Member Bennett, would direct the State Fire Marshal’s Wildfire Mitigation Advisory Committee to create a voluntary home hardening certification program. Supporters included county, city, fire, conservation, and local government groups, and there was no opposition. Members discussed how long a certification should last, recertification, inspection timing, and how the program could support future incentives and wildfire resilience funding. The bill was moved to Senate Natural Resources and Water on a 9-0 vote, with the item held on call until all members were recorded. AB 2411, by Assembly Member McKinner, would create a process to train out-of-state law enforcement officers to provide temporary supplemental public safety for the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games. The bill was sponsored by the Los Angeles Mayor’s office and supported by the Los Angeles Police Protective League and other groups, while PORAC and the Association for Los Angeles Deputy Sheriffs opposed the bill as introduced but said they were working with the author on amendments. Committee discussion focused on staffing shortages, the need for POST standards and accountability, the role of out-of-state officers as only augmenting California personnel, and concerns about cost and federal involvement. The committee adopted intent language that California peace officers should be the primary and preferred source of personnel, and the bill was sent to Senate Public Safety on a 9-0 vote, also held on call until all members were recorded. The committee also considered a consent calendar containing AB 1873, AB 2341, AB 2471, and AJR 27. After several recesses and roll calls to establish a quorum and record absent members, the consent items were approved 9-0. The meeting then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• respected voice in policy discussions and community-based efforts focused on protecting the state's natural
• respected voice in policy discussions and community-based efforts focused on protecting the state's natural
• respected voice in policy discussions and community-based efforts focused on protecting the state's natural
• respected voice in policy discussions and community-based efforts focused on protecting the state's natural
• <00:05:33.120> and protecting the state's natural and protecting the state's natural and cultural

Keywords: 912, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• With me Department of Natural Resources.
• conservation of natural resources. conservation of natural resources.
• state's natural features. state's natural features.
• <00:31:37.200> And<00:31:37.360> I natural scientific natural areas.
• And I natural scientific natural areas.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Um, we were surrounded by nature.
• Um, we were surrounded by nature.
• Um, we were surrounded by nature.
• Um, we were surrounded by nature.
• Um, we were surrounded by nature.

Keywords: 1183, house

Summary: The meeting was a PFAS-focused hearing of the Capital Investment Committee, with members informally discussing the scale of PFAS cleanup costs, possible Minnesota-made removal technology, and even committee birthday treats before the testimony began. No formal votes or motions were taken in the portion provided. The chair also noted the committee was waiting on a computer/cable issue before starting the presentation. The main testimony came from Sandy Wyn, co-chair of the Great Lakes PFAS Action Network, who described how PFAS contamination affected her Michigan community. She recounted that her private well tested at extremely high PFAS levels after a state visit, linked the contamination to Wolverine Worldwide’s historic dumping practices, and said the pollution spread through groundwater and municipal systems. She emphasized that PFAS are widespread in consumer products, firefighting foam, wastewater biosolids, and agriculture, and argued that the chemicals’ persistence makes them difficult to manage once released. Wyn said PFAS exposure is associated with health problems including cholesterol issues, liver and thyroid damage, kidney cancer, low birth weight, and reduced vaccine response in children. She told members she had her own blood tested, later developed thyroid cancer, and said a local child had very high PFAS levels and vaccine complications. Members asked for supporting studies, and she referenced the C8 study and other research. She urged stronger product restrictions, labeling, blood and water testing support, caution around biosolids, and continued efforts to reduce PFAS use, while acknowledging some limited uses may still be necessary in critical applications like military firefighting foam or medical devices.

Transcript Highlights:

• Natural Resources. HB 2031, Grandfather Wright, Wilcox AMA. Natural Resources.
• Natural Resources. HB 2097, irrigation, non-expansionary operational maximum. Natural Resources.
• Natural Resources. HB 2101, supply and demand, cessant, and groundwater. Natural Resources.
• Natural Resources. HB 2278, financial assurance, reclamation, escrow trust. Natural Resources.
• Natural resources. HB 2159, Mexican wolves, landowner permits, rules. Natural resources.

Keywords: 1182, all

Summary: The Senate convened, approved the journal, received House messages and first-read a large number of bills, then moved through several Committee of the Whole calendars. On Calendar 2, SB 1419 on solar energy inspection contractors was amended with a Carroll floor amendment and passed; a Sundareshan amendment aimed at requiring utilities to shield residential ratepayers from costs tied to large loads such as data centers was debated at length, but failed on a 12-15 division. SB 1498 (Department of Public Safety appropriation) and SB 1502 (unlawful flight/reckless endangerment) also received do-pass recommendations. The Committee of the Whole report was adopted, and the Senate later rejected an attempt to add the failed data-center amendment to the report by a 13-14 vote. On Calendar 3, the Senate advanced SB 1165 (insurance cost sharing for breast exams), SB 1206 (storm-related insurance claims), SB 1212 (health insurance reimbursement rates for vaccines), SB 1215 (firefighters’ occupational disease/workers’ compensation), SB 1290 and SB 1291 (agricultural property notices/classification), and SB 1347 (fertility preservation coverage), with committee amendments adopted on most of them. A Warner substitute floor amendment to SB 1347 was adopted to address insurer concerns by allowing prior authorization with a 72-hour processing requirement and clarifying storage-cost responsibility. The Senate also retained SB 1503 on the calendar. On Calendar 1 and the additional calendars, the Senate advanced SB 1013 (public employees merit hiring), SB 1108 (cash transactions and rounding, with an emergency clause added), SB 1178 (naturopathic physicians), SB 1186 (document retention/proposals/donations), SB 1286 (veterinary visits and prescriptions), SB 1366 (commercial buildings and telecommunications), SB 1431 (municipal design prohibitions), SB 1671 (gaming/racing/boxing conflict-of-interest continuation), SB 1004 (ESA students’ interscholastic activities), SB 1116 (AHCCCS access/claims review/behavioral health), SB 1162 (health care institution licensing complaints), SB 1179 (group home monitoring), SB 1475 (school district governing boards/eligibility), SB 1821 (DCS training and child placement), and SCR 1012. Several floor amendments were debated and adopted or rejected, including a Kavanaugh emergency-clause amendment to SB 1108, a failed Sears amendment to SB 1178 on prescription drug price gouging, a failed Sundareshan transparency amendment to SB 1186, a failed Kavanaugh amendment to SB 1286 on veterinary prescriptions, a Gowan amendment to SB 1366, a Payne amendment to SB 1077, a Carroll amendment to SB 1479, a Petersen amendment to SB 1566, and an Angius amendment to SB 1018 expanding the definition of foreign law to include certain harmful practices. The Senate adopted the Committee of the Whole reports and properly assigned the bills after each calendar.

Transcript Highlights:

• ILUC impacts naturally change over time. They are not going to be static.
• ILOC impacts naturally change over time. They are not going to be static.
• Renewable natural gas, particularly from anaerobic digesters on dairy farms.
• That would just sort of be a natural result of the fact that these fuels are participating.
• We're converting diesel trucks to run on clean, renewable natural gas. ...natural gas.

Summary: The hearing was a select committee discussion on the transportation costs and impacts of California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS), with opening remarks from the co-chairs and members emphasizing affordability, climate goals, and the need to explain the program’s benefits to the public. The first panel from CARB and the California Energy Commission described how LCFS works as a market-based, declining carbon-intensity program that rewards lower-carbon fuels, supports zero-emission vehicle infrastructure, and is intended to reduce greenhouse gases and local air pollution. They argued the program has driven billions in private investment, increased alternative fuel use, and that LCFS credit prices are not the main driver of retail gasoline prices, which they said are dominated by crude oil, refining, and distribution costs. Members questioned the panel on the gap between the regulatory target and actual carbon-intensity performance, the role of credit banking, which fuels are generating the most credits, how the 2025 amendments affected the program, and whether LCFS credits are truly additional. CARB explained that banking helps cost-effectiveness and investment certainty, that ethanol, renewable diesel, and biodiesel currently provide the largest volumes while electricity is expected to grow, and that the updated targets were informed by the state’s 2045 carbon-neutrality goals and the 2030 scoping plan. The Energy Commission said its data show environmental programs add some cost to gasoline but do not drive price volatility, which is mainly tied to crude oil and refinery margins. The second panel, featuring academic and research experts, focused on program design, out-of-state credit generation, and broader economic effects. Speakers said LCFS is successful because it ties incentives to emissions benefit, uses life-cycle analysis, and allows flexible compliance that lowers costs compared with more direct regulation. They also said the program’s benefits generally outweigh costs, that it can reduce air pollution disparities and support equity, but that some issues—especially indirect land use change, additionality, and older program assumptions—need more research and may warrant future rulemaking. One researcher noted that while LCFS likely raises gasoline prices somewhat, the effect is uncertain by design and usually smaller than normal market fluctuations, and another warned that limiting credit generation too narrowly could create legal and efficiency problems.

Transcript Highlights:

• Substitute for House Bill 5317, supplemental appropriation to the Department of Commerce, Division of Natural
• Substitute for House Bill 537, supplemental appropriation to the Department of Commerce, Division of Natural
• Substitute for House Bill 537, supplemental appropriation to the Department of Commerce, Division of Natural
• Substitute for House Bill 5317, supplemental appropriation to the Department of Commerce, Division of Natural
• revenue to a new capital outlay repairs and equipment surplus appropriation within the Division of Natural

Keywords: 994, senate, all

Summary: The Senate met with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, journal approval, and numerous introductions of pages, guests, and visitors, including a large McDowell County Day delegation. The chamber also adopted Senate Resolution 66, designating March 14, 2026, as McDowell County Day at the Legislature, with remarks highlighting the county’s history, resilience, and economic importance. On legislation, the Senate rejected House amendments to Senate Bill 493 on open captioning for motion pictures and asked the House to recede. It then took up and passed Senate Bill 587, adjusting the salary schedule for elected county officials, after adopting an amendment restoring county control over future pay increases; the bill was made effective July 1, 2026. The Senate also received a gubernatorial executive message containing 76 nominations and set consideration of those nominations as a special order for 4 p.m. The Senate quickly advanced and passed several supplemental appropriation bills, all by unanimous 34-0 votes and made effective from passage: House Bill 527 for the Department of Health Facilities and three hospitals; House Bill 528 for the Department of Agriculture’s spay-neuter assistance fund; House Bill 5307 for the Department of Tourism, Division of Culture and History; Committee Substitute for House Bill 5317 for the Division of Natural Resources; and House Bill 5694 for the Department of Education, which removed unnecessary budget language. The chamber then recessed for 30 minutes.

Transcript Highlights:

• The Devil's River is an essential natural resource for Texas, supporting wildlife, outdoor recreation
• House Bill 3333 is a targeted common-sense measure designed to protect one of Texas' most valuable natural
• As you're approaching, we show you registered to testify as Marie Camino on behalf of the Nature Conservancy
• I'm with the Nature Conservancy in Texas.
• Chair, I know that my deskmate truly loves nature and this would be a great opportunity to see if I could

Bills: HB1730, HB1823, HB2048, HB2266, HB2440, HB3333, HB4086, HB4271, HB4413, HB4839, HB4841, HB5151

Keywords: PFAS, perfluoroalkyl substances, polyfluoroalkyl substances, forever chemicals, public health study, environmental regulation, drinking water, groundwater, surface water, food packaging, chemical exposure, firefighters, chemical manufacturing workers, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, TCEQ, Railroad Commission of Texas, Department of State Health Services, University of Houston, occupational exposure, contaminants

Transcript Highlights:

• We will be done by 10:00, um, with this bill, um, given the nature of the types of bills we had today
• The violent nature of the materials created using this technology and the predators responses to them
• The violent nature of the seeing.
• It's a dual nature.
• It's a and and it also has a dual<00:10:45.519> nature.

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• I must say it's not electric, but it's natural gas.
• Or even the, I guess, the natural gas one?
• Same thing with the natural gas and the diesel; they're all the same size.
• But we're just able to do that based on the revolving nature of the fund.
• But that's just human nature.

Transcript Highlights:

• to implement a program to eradicate carrizo cane along the Rio Grande due to the plant's invasive nature
• to implement a program to eradicate carrizo cane along the Rio Grande due to the plant's invasive nature
• from honeycomb would be harvesting a raw agricultural commodity, which is any food in its raw or natural
• They don't understand the nature of our farmers and how they affect us at home.
• They don't understand the nature of our farmers and how they affect us at home.

Bills: HB43, HB519, HB 1275, HB1592, HB2842, HB3088, HB3479, HB4163, SB823, HB609

Keywords: agriculture, finance, young farmers, financial assistance, pest control, honey production, beekeeping, food safety, local regulation, bovine producers, dairy farms, permits, bovine tuberculosis, public health, wildlife management, disease prevention, alert system, Texas A&M, white-tailed deer, public safety

Summary: The Senate Committee on Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs met with only four members initially present, so quorum was not established until later in the hearing. The committee heard several agriculture-, wildlife-, and food-labeling-related bills, including HB 3479 on expanding the Rio Grande vegetative management program beyond carrizo cane to other noxious vegetation, SB 823 on shrimp origin labeling and restrictions on misrepresenting imported shrimp as Texas or Gulf shrimp, HB 3088 on giving Texas Parks and Wildlife more flexibility to procure resale goods for park gift shops, HB 1275 on permits for non-bovine dairy farms in certain TB-affected areas, HB 519 on honey production and packaging rules, HB 609 on cleaning oyster cages in-bay with bay water only, HB 1592 on a voluntary AgriLife pest and disease alert system, HB 2842 on targeted urban deer depredation permits, and HB 4163 on limiting city requirements that agricultural operators maintain roadside rights-of-way. Testimony generally came from industry groups, agency resource witnesses, and affected producers, with most witnesses supporting the bills and several bills drawing questions about enforcement, labeling responsibility, and the scope of local authority. The most extensive discussion centered on SB 823, where Vice Chair Hancock and others questioned why wholesalers would be covered if they cannot relabel products. The bill author and restaurant association witness said the measure was intended to improve transparency and allow enforcement against intentional mislabeling, while preserving a good-faith defense and clarifying that the bill does not create a private cause of action. HB 519 also drew supportive testimony from beekeepers and a family farm, who argued that current rules treat honey extraction and bottling too much like food manufacturing and burden small operations. HB 609 was presented as a way to save time and resources for cultivated oyster mariculture by allowing cage cleaning in the bay without soaps or chemicals, and HB 1592 was described as a voluntary opt-in alert system for pests and diseases coordinated through AgriLife and other state agencies. HB 43 generated the most detailed policy debate. The bill would restructure and expand the Texas Agricultural Finance Authority, update grant and loan programs, and create a pest and disease control depredation program. The committee substitute reduced some funding caps, changed references from predators to depredating animals, and made the financial provisions contingent on appropriations. Supporters from Texas Farm Bureau, cotton growers, grain and feed interests, and young farmers described severe drought, inflation, land loss, rising input costs, and shrinking infrastructure as major threats to agriculture, while one witness urged preserving priority for young farmers. After testimony, the committee adopted the committee substitute and reported HB 43 favorably. The committee also voted HB 519, HB 609, HB 1275, HB 1592, HB 3088, HB 3479, HB 2842, and HB 4163 favorably, with several recommended for the local and uncontested calendar. SB 823 was reported from committee on a 6-2 vote after adoption of the committee substitute. The meeting ended with notice that the committee would tentatively reconvene Friday morning and then recessed subject to the chair's call.