Transcript Highlights:

• Then you have three or four different judgments depending on property.
• You could have multiple judgments. You could include it in the same judgment.
• And so you had an incident where a judge just didn't want to sign your judgment? Yep. Okay.
• Now I've got to charge you two... didn't want to sign your judgment? Yep. Okay.
• And then at the end, I may have one judgment or I may have two or three depending on how it's set up

Bills: HB165, HB603, SB77, SB140, SB185

Keywords: HB165, lottery proceeds, Lottery Proceeds Fund, Veterans Service Grant Fund, constitutional amendment, veterans, military veterans, veterans' benefits, veterans services, family support, state lottery, education funding, Minimum Foundation Program, problem gambling, compulsive gaming, state treasurer, ballot proposition, constitutional referendum, lottery revenue, Louisiana resident veterans

Summary: The Civil Law Committee met on May 5, 2026, and first considered House Bill 165 by Representative Abear, a constitutional amendment to dedicate $500,000 annually from lottery proceeds to a Veterans Service Grant Fund. The committee adopted Amendment Set 4820, which removed “up to” from the ballot language, adopted the 6.8A report, and reported the bill with amendments. The committee then heard Senate Bill 185 by Senator Presley, which would make nondisclosure agreements in child sexual abuse civil settlements against public policy and unenforceable. Testimony from Elizabeth Phillips, on behalf of her brother Trey Carlock, and from survivor Gillian Edwards Coburn strongly supported the bill as a way to restore victims’ voices and prevent institutions from silencing abuse claims. Members asked about how NDAs work in civil cases and whether the bill would affect settlements or existing protections; the bill was reported favorably without objection. Next, the committee took up Senate Bill 77 by Senator Miller, a Law Institute measure on the effects of leases of movable property, aimed at protecting good-faith lessees in merchant leasing situations. After a brief explanation from the Louisiana State Law Institute and questions about how the rule would apply, the bill was reported favorably. The committee also approved Senate Bill 140 by Senator Miller, which allows multiple successions to be handled in the same proceeding when jurisdiction is proper, to reduce duplication and costs in estate cases; it was reported favorably. Finally, the committee considered House Bill 603 by Representative Wright, a constitutional amendment authorizing state investment in digital assets and precious metals. Members questioned whether the measure could include Bitcoin, how the investments would be monitored, and whether pensions could be affected. After adopting the 6.8A report, the committee voted 5-3 to report the bill favorably. The meeting then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• And also any lienors who, like judgment lienors, have—so these are basically those who are unsecured,
• You mentioned the judgment creditors.
• If the judgment creditor actually recorded the lien at the Bureau of Conveyances, it would be a lien.
• If they have a judgment that's not recorded, they would be an unsecured creditor.
• the Judgment creditors if the Judgment the Judgment creditors if the Judgment creditor<00:10:39.120

Keywords: 912, senate, all

Summary: The committee heard testimony on several Judiciary-related measures. SB 94 would increase the mandatory minimum jail term for a first knowing or intentional violation of a temporary restraining order from 48 to 72 hours. The Office of the Public Defender and the Hawaii State Coalition Against Domestic Violence opposed the bill, arguing the current penalty is effective, the measure treats very different conduct the same, and the mental health assessment language is unclear and could be harmful or misapplied. Some other testifiers were listed in support or opposition, but no vote was taken. SB 15 would raise the real property exemption amount for attachment or execution. The Hawaiʻi Financial Services Association offered comments rather than opposition, suggesting the bill should be clarified as applying to creditor claims rather than property taxes and possibly limited to a primary residence, with restrictions on frequency of use. Committee discussion focused on how the exemption would affect unsecured creditors, the role of recorded mortgages and judgment liens, and whether the bill should instead establish a clearer homestead-style exemption. The bill drew both support and comments, with no action taken during the hearing. The committee also took testimony on SB 117, which would protect people making sexual misconduct claims from defamation suits unless made with malice; SB 121, a constitutional amendment to give the Senate more time to confirm judicial appointments; SB 14, a reapportionment amendment tied to the decennial census and resident population; SB 175, which would raise the mandatory retirement age for judges and justices from 70 to 75; SB 173, creating a three-year pilot program for free child care for minor children of parties and witnesses attending First Circuit court hearings; and SB 261, increasing juror pay from $30 to $50 per day. Testimony on these measures was generally supportive in the case of SB 175, SB 173, and SB 261, with some opposition on SB 14 and SB 117. On SB 173 and SB 261, committee members asked questions about practical implementation, and on SB 261 the State Bar Association said the increase was overdue and intended to encourage jury participation.

Transcript Highlights:

• new revenue rate or accepting state grant dollars for the following five fiscal years after the judgment
• Because the 15th Court, when you look at the... process is there when there's a final judgment.
• That's when the case is over, when you have a final non-appealable judgment or when it is appealable
• in the final judgment issue.
• Until the trial court judge reaches a final judgment, those penalties are going to be in place.

Bills: HB5691, SB427, SB2623, SB2858

Keywords: municipal management district, bonds, assessments, property taxes, economic development, eminent domain, special district, SB 427, local government, political subdivision, state loan, state grant, financial reporting, annual financial statement, annual report, county report, municipal finance, water district, municipality, county auditor

Transcript Highlights:

• These victims have now spent 15 years trying to enforce their judgment against frozen assets of terrorists
• It is specifically limited to post-judgment proceedings for terrorism victims with judgments against
• Committee Substitute for Senate Bill 1430, a bill to be entitled an act relating to post-judgment execution
• The claimant and South Broward Hospital District agreed to a consent judgment for $6.4 million.
• This is a bill with a settled excess judgment claim for $200,000.

Summary: The Senate convened with an opening prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance led by pages, and several introductions recognizing guests, family members, and a USF Day at the Capitol presentation. The chamber then moved to the special order calendar, where it first passed two Open Government Sunset Review bills: CS/SB 7010, preserving a public records exemption for certain Department of Financial Services receiver information, and SB 7008/HB 7003, preserving confidentiality for financial technology sandbox application records. Both measures passed unanimously. The Senate also passed CS/SB 1430 on post-judgment execution proceedings relating to terrorism, a bill intended to help victims enforce judgments against terrorist entities, and CS/CS/SB 910 on veterans benefits assistance, aimed at improving veterans’ access to benefits and transition support. Additional measures passed included CS/CS/CS/SB 832 on former phosphate mining lands, SB 796 on general permits for distributed wastewater treatment systems, CS/CS/CS/SB 700, the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services bill, and several claims bills, including relief for Darlene Angerville and J.R., Eric and Jennifer Miles on behalf of EEM, and Marcus Button. SB 994 on driver’s license education requirements also passed after an amendment making texting while driving a moving violation with points and a distracted-driving course requirement. The most extended debate centered on CS/CS/CS/SB 700, where senators discussed provisions on fluoride in drinking water, labeling of plant-based products, drone penalties, charity registration, agricultural housing, and other agriculture-related policy changes. Several amendments on fluoride were offered and defeated, while a technical amendment on financial institution definitions was adopted. Senators also briefly discussed the policy implications of the bill’s fluoride language and its relationship to local control and public health. Several other bills on the calendar were temporarily postponed, and at the end of the session the Senate adopted motions to certify passed bills to the House, retain postponed bills on the special order calendar, and remove CS/SB 7016 from the special order calendar. The Senate then adjourned until April 16.

Transcript Highlights:

• Clinical judgment is a medical tool.
• :01:03.600> healthcare the clinical judgment of healthcare the clinical judgment of healthcare
• <04:20:13.600> to clinical judgment remains central to clinical judgment remains central to
• intelligence to change clinical judgment intelligence to change clinical judgment which<04:46:19.920
• <04:54:17.520> do judgment is overridden, patients do judgment is overridden, patients do

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• You know, you're making judgments about who's qualified and sometimes you get someone who's very good
• And number two, that goes beyond summary judgment.
• You have the defense file a motion for summary judgment.
• And judges are pretty judicious about dismissing summary judgment or Judgment as a matter of law at that
• And among the judgments that I got in that case from the jury In Gallup was a judgment against UNM Hospital

Keywords: 996, all

Transcript Highlights:

• And the Tort Claims Act is the principal expression of that legislative judgment.
• From a base policy level, any type of judgment that a private citizen gets against the government is
• Here's what I'm getting at: if we had no cap and City A got sued and they had a $10 million judgment
• And we were definitely talking about, well, if they go to enforce that judgment, how is that going to
• But that is the risk, and I believe the judgment in that case actually exceeded the value of the city

Keywords: 1184, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• In either case, it raises, at least for this senator, serious questions about your judgment.
• I salute your service to our country, but I have serious doubts about your judgment.
• Again, in my mind, this is a question of judgment. 702 is critical.
• Just in complete hindsight, would you view this trip as good judgment? Yes, Senator.
• I'm questioning her judgment. That's the issue that's at stake here.

Transcript Highlights:

• When employers fail to comply with final orders, the judgment enforcement unit uses legal tools such
• Strengthening this function is essential to ensuring that judgments are meaningful and that bad actors
• When employers fail to comply with final orders, the judgment enforcement unit uses legal tools such
• Strengthening this function is essential to ensuring that judgments are meaningful and that bad actors
• Without this step in the wage claim process, wage theft judgments are often just a piece of paper.

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Summary: The subcommittee heard a series of labor and public employment budget items. The first issue focused on EDD Next modernization, where EDD described progress on online claims, call center upgrades, fraud prevention, language access, and the phased Integrated Claims Management System. The LAO urged closer legislative oversight as the project enters a more difficult phase, and members questioned the schedule, cost, change orders, fraud reduction, stress testing, and the reasons for re-phasing unemployment insurance behind disability and paid family leave. EDD said the overall project cost remains about $1.2 billion, that it has no major cost overruns, and that it has saved more than $20 million by moving some shared customer portal work into ICMS. The committee also received updates on SB 1090 implementation timing, SB 1058 demographic data confidentiality, and SB 590 outreach concerns. The committee then reviewed the California Workforce Development Board’s request to reduce staffing over five years as one-time grant workloads wind down, along with trailer bill language to streamline reporting requirements. Members questioned the large staffing reduction in light of the board’s grant administration role and asked about the High Road Construction Careers Program, AI-related workforce needs, and the impact on reentry programs. The administration and Finance said the positions were added for surge grant work and are being phased down as those grants close, while the LAO had no objection to the reporting streamlining proposal. A major portion of the hearing addressed the Department of Industrial Relations, especially the Subsequent Injury Benefits Trust Fund trailer bill. DIR and the LAO said SIBTF applications, backlog, and liabilities have grown rapidly, with liabilities projected around $30 billion by 2030 if no changes are made. The administration’s reforms would tighten eligibility, apply the new standards to open cases, and use QME reports and contemporaneous evidence to document preexisting disabilities; DIR said this would reduce employer costs and help return the program to its original intent. Members raised concerns about fairness to pending claimants, the effect on workers with undocumented conditions, and the interaction with another bill moving through policy committees. The committee also discussed eliminating vacant DIR positions, adding Cal/OSHA Bureau of Investigation staff to handle fatality and serious injury cases, and making permanent the Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board change that starts the 60-day reconsideration clock when a case is transmitted rather than when the petition is filed. Finally, DIR requested a larger apprenticeship training grant augmentation to raise annual grants from $3 million to $20 million, citing available fund balances and construction workforce needs.

Transcript Highlights:

• cases, and it also provides a clarification for a time period of five years from the date of the judgment

Bills: HR210, HR211, HR212, HR213, HR214, HR215, HR216, HR217, HR196, HR197, HR198, HR199, HR200, HR201, HR203, HR204, HR205, HR206, HR207, HR208, HR209, HCR87, HCR88, HCR89, HCR90, HR118, HCR63, HCR69, HCR86, SCR6, SCR18, HB79, HB165, HB175, HB198, HB437, HB457, HB488, HB603, HB646, HB763, HB902, HB909, HB971, HB981, HB1066, HB1089, HB1099, HB1125, HB1154, HB1231, HB1245, HB1246, HB1247, HB1248, HB1249, SB47, SB82, SB106, SB206, SB210, SB248, SB305, SB376, SB397, SB441, HCR41, HCR76, HCR77, SCR19, SCR3, HB64, HB68, HB92, HB316, HB549, HB578, HB748, HB798, HB824, HB988, HB989, HB1001, HB1032, HB1081, HB1108, HB1129, HB1140, HB1157, HB1192, HB1195, HB1198, HB1244, HB167, HB227, HB243, HB321, HB335, HB398, HB492, HB624, HB689, HB708, HB804, HB906, HB926, HB955, HB968, HB969, HB978, HB985, HB1005, HB1029, HB1069, HB1077, HB1095, HB1104, HB1107, HB1187, HB1203, HB1217, HB1220, SB73, SB89, SB128, SB149, SB191, SB196, SB238, SB318, SB340, SB66, SB68, SB76, SB139, SB336, SB475, HCR32, HB181, HB1118, HB1082, HB225, HB864, HB1166, HB1189, HB59, HB617, HB897, HB911, HB1223, HB901, HR20, HR74, HB284, HB306, HB366, HB393, HB458, HB459, HB577, HB582, HB605, HB614, HB682, HB733, HB752, HB773, HB996, HB1035, HB1113, HB1180, HB1234, HB1240

Keywords: renewable energy, job creation, veteran employment, economic development, energy security, asthma, allergy, awareness, healthcare, public health, Louisiana, St. Bernard Parish, special recognition, parish day, state capitol, Louisiana resolution, ceremonial resolution, honorary resolution, community celebration, local heritage

Summary: The House met on April 27, 2026, with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and a series of personal privileges recognizing Domestic Violence Prevention and Advocacy Day, Guarantee Corporation’s 100th anniversary, Delta Waterfowl, FFA and 4-H students, St. Bernard Parish Day, the Louisiana Notary Association, and New Orleans Day. The chamber also received Senate messages, committee reports, and introduced several resolutions, including measures on Gulf States renewable energy, asthma and allergy awareness, St. Bernard Parish Day, and other commemorations. The floor then took up a long series of bills and resolutions. Among the notable measures were House Bill 316 on literacy and tutoring, House Bill 578 changing statutory references from gender to sex, House Bill 748 expanding toll exemptions for school board vehicles, House Bill 101 redesignating a portion of U.S. Highway 190 as the Jesse Jackson Memorial Highway, House Bill 1032 cleaning up DWI terminology, House Bill 1081 transferring the Louisiana Ports and Waterways Investment Commission, House Bill 1108 creating a homeschool pride prestige plate, House Bill 1129 giving in-state auctioneers preference for selling surplus state property, House Bill 1157 creating a Louisiana State Infrastructure Bank, House Bill 1192 creating a dental hygienist prestige plate, House Bill 1195 revising athletic commission rules and NIL-related provisions, House Bill 1198 barring arbitration in child custody and visitation matters, House Bill 181 allowing limited tax-data sharing for Medicaid/SNAP integrity, House Bill 1118 requiring disclosure of hospital ownership by real estate investment trusts, House Bill 1082 changing venue rules in suits involving municipal police employees’ retirement systems, House Bill 225 proposing a lifetime two-term limit for governor, House Bill 864 on municipal fire limits and storage of flammables, House Bill 1189 requiring captain’s licenses for certain freshwater charter guides, and House Bill 549 creating the Bayou Growth Opportunity Workforce Program. Most measures passed, often after brief debate and technical amendments. Several bills were recommitted or returned to the calendar, including House Bill 902, House Bill 1245, and House Bill 1247, while House Bill 225 failed on final passage. The House also considered and passed multiple Senate bills dealing with tax administration, child custody testimony, Supreme Court disciplinary jurisdiction over out-of-state lawyers, civil investigation demands in Medicaid fraud cases, service of process fees and notice, and permanent homestead exemption registration. The session ended with the House in recess after completing its bill agenda for the day.

Transcript Highlights:

• readiness and credit repair, home improvement financing, construction management services, and foreclosure
• 46.480> and and construction management services and and construction management services and foreclosure

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• And it is dangerous and frankly irresponsible to let insurance companies override medical judgment in
• And it is dangerous and frankly irresponsible to let insurance companies override medical judgment in
• And it is dangerous and frankly irresponsible to let insurance companies override medical judgment in
• And it is dangerous and frankly irresponsible to let insurance companies override medical judgment in
• And it is dangerous and frankly irresponsible to let insurance companies override medical judgment in

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• is the section four, which refers to 107.008 of the Texas Family. code regarding the substituted judgment
• of the attorney for the child under A2, where you're putting in, making reasonable judgments.
• I believe that substituted judgment should be very rare.
• Due to judgment too much for my taste, and I would take that part out. Alright, Ms. Ken Tony.
• Our attorneys for children that misuse a substituted judgment statute to argue for what they think is

Bills: HCR10, HB1814, HB2160, HB2353, HB2643, HB2971, HB3282, HB3382, HB3996, HB4507, HB4509, HB4805, HB5551, HB1863, HCR10

Keywords: family abduction, child safety, custodial rights, parental kidnapping, awareness day, marriage license, informal marriage, family code, identity verification, child support, family law, child custody, court interview, parent-child relationship, child welfare, attorney ad litem, compensation, legal representation, government entity, HB 2643

Transcript Highlights:

• Committee substitute for Senate Bill 1430, a bill to be entitled, an act relating to post-judgment execution
• These victims have now spent 15 years trying to enforce their judgment against frozen assets of terrorists
• It is specifically limited to post-judgment proceedings for terrorism victims with judgments against
• The claimant and South Broward Hospital District agreed to a consent judgment for $6.4 million.
• This is a bill with a settled excess judgment claim for $200,000.

Summary: The Senate opened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and several gallery introductions, including family members, university guests, local officials, and student groups. The chamber then moved to special order bills, beginning with two Open Government Sunset Review measures: SB 7010, preserving a public records exemption for certain Department of Financial Services receiver information, and SB 7008, preserving confidentiality for financial technology sandbox application records. Both bills passed unanimously after brief explanations and no amendments. The Senate also passed SB 1430 on post-judgment execution proceedings for terrorism victims, SB 910 on veterans benefits assistance, SB 832 on former phosphate mining lands, SB 796 on general permits for distributed wastewater treatment systems, and SB 700, the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services bill. SB 832 drew debate over a possible lawsuit and created a narrow strict-liability defense for landowners who survey and record notice of former phosphate property. SB 700 generated the most extended debate, especially over a provision removing fluoride from public water systems and related amendments on public health, local control, and study requirements; several fluoride-related amendments failed, while a technical amendment passed. The bill also included provisions on agricultural regulation, labeling, drones, lending, charities, housing for agricultural workers, and youth programs. The Senate then approved several claims bills, including relief for Darlene Angerville and J.R., Eric Miles Jr. and Jennifer Miles, and Marcus Button, all involving catastrophic injuries and settlements paid by the relevant public entities. SB 994 on driver’s license education requirements passed after an amendment that increased penalties for texting while driving and added a distracted-driving education component. SB 1718, preserving a public records exemption for minors seeking an abortion without parental consent or notification, also passed unanimously. Several other bills were temporarily postponed. At the end of the session, the Rules Chair moved to immediately certify all bills passed that day to the House, retain postponed bills on the special order calendar, and move CS for SB 7016 back to second reading; all motions were adopted. The Senate then adjourned until Wednesday, April 16, at 2:00 p.m. or upon the call of the President.

Transcript Highlights:

• Patel has demonstrated a lack of sound judgment by associating with extremist figures like Mr.
• This is a guy whose judgment... ...is beyond questionable. It's appallingly bad.
• With appallingly bad judgment. Second point, we don't know enough about this mischief yet.
• The work of the FBI is essential to judgment and integrity.
• Tough judgments that have to be made.

Bills: SB331

Keywords: fentanyl, controlled substances, drug trafficking, public health, research regulations, law enforcement, Kash Patel, FBI director nomination, S331, Fentanyl Act, committee meeting, legislative discussion

Summary: In this committee meeting, the primary focus was on the nomination of Kash Patel for the position of director of the FBI, which had sparked considerable debate over the past week. Members discussed the extensive vetting process Patel underwent, including a lengthy hearing where he addressed numerous questions, which emphasized his qualifications and the support he received from various law enforcement organizations. The meeting included significant arguments from both sides, reflecting the polarized nature of the nomination, especially regarding the allegations made against Patel by some committee members. As discussions continued, the committee decided to hold off on the Fentanyl Act, listed as S331, until the next meeting, indicating a prioritization of the nomination vote over new legislative measures at this time.

Transcript Highlights:

• Perhaps the court of public opinion has rightly or wrongly made their judgment on this, your child.
• opinion has rightly or wrongly<00:06:02.320> made<00:06:02.560> their<00:06:02.800> judgment
• ><00:06:03.120> on<00:06:03.280> this<00:06:03.520> your wrongly made their judgment
• on this your wrongly made their judgment on this your child.<00:06:04.960> But<00:06:05.199><

Keywords: U.S. House of Representatives Floor Proceedings on Thursday, May 29, 2025, 1012, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• It's for catastrophic judgments.
• And so, in short, it's to manage the large federal civil rights judgments that we've seen so recent,
• , basically, this was a a thought that I had, an interim study with all the jail litigation, the judgments
• This is going to be for any of the civil federal civil rights judgments that's going to be large scale
• Yes, so when you litigate and it goes to judgment, it's going to be a federal.

Bills: SB1288, SB1705, SB1878, SB2019, SB2118

Keywords: emergency management, federal funding, disaster relief, cost sharing, public assistance, bail reform, public funds, nonprofit organizations, political subdivisions, injunctive relief, criminal procedure, surety bond, judicial discretion, uniform bond schedule, liability insurance, judgments, insurance fund, Oklahoma, county sheriff, commissary

Transcript Highlights:

• It's a judgment. So assets shall be considered.
• It's a judgment.
• It's a judgment. That's their oath.
• judgment. It's a judgment. judgment. It's a judgment.
• It's a judgment. That's the way the law states it.

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Then you have three or four different judgments depending on property.
• You could have multiple judgments. You could include it in the same judgment.
• the person was domiciled, and the same parish, all of the things that are required for getting a judgment
• And so you had an incident where a judge just didn't want to sign your judgment? Yep. Okay.
• And then at the end, I may have one judgment or I may have two or three depending on how it's set up

Summary: The Civil Law Committee met on May 5, 2026, and first considered House Bill 165 by Representative Abear, a constitutional amendment to dedicate $500,000 annually from lottery proceeds to a veterans service grant fund. The committee adopted a technical amendment removing “up to,” approved the 6.8A report, and reported the bill with amendments without objection. The committee then heard Senate Bill 185 by Senator Presley, which would make nondisclosure agreements in civil settlements involving child sexual abuse victims against public policy and unenforceable. Senator Presley and Elizabeth Phillips testified in support, describing the bill as part of the “Trey’s Law” movement to prevent survivors from being silenced. Additional supportive testimony came from Gillian Edwards Coburn, and committee members discussed how NDAs work in civil cases and the need to protect children’s ability to speak. The bill was reported favorably without objection. Next, the committee considered Senate Bill 77 by Senator Miller, a Law Institute measure on the effects of leases of movable property. Testimony explained that the bill is intended to protect good-faith lessees of items such as heavy equipment when a merchant leasing the property lacks authority to do so. The bill was reported favorably without objection. The committee also heard Senate Bill 140 by Senator Miller, which clarifies that multiple successions may be handled in the same proceeding when jurisdiction is proper. Members discussed the cost and efficiency benefits for families, and the bill was reported favorably without objection. Finally, the committee took up House Bill 603 by Representative Wright, a constitutional amendment authorizing state investment in digital assets and precious metals. Members questioned whether the language could include Bitcoin and how such investments would be monitored, with the sponsor saying implementation would be handled later by statute and public officials. The committee adopted the 6.8A report and then voted 5-3 to report the bill favorably. The meeting then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• designated caregivers for the child to DFPS and it it eliminates section 4.0 related substitute judgments
• me is the Section 4, which refers to 107.008 of the Texas Family Code regarding the substituted judgment
• Where you're putting in, um, making reasonable judgments, um, the attorney ad litem is really the only
• I believe that substituted judgment should be very rare.
• And so I think uh it's a little, it makes, it expands the substituted judgment too much for my taste,

Bills: HCR 10

Keywords: balanced budget amendment, federal budget, deficit reduction, deficit spending, fiscal restraint, constitutional amendment, U.S. Constitution, Congress, PAYGO, Gramm-Rudman-Hollings, national debt, budget deficit, taxpayer dollars, balanced budget resolution, memorial resolution, Texas Legislature, federal spending, budget reform, fiscal conservatism