Transcript Highlights:

• And so that's something that we can certainly have... ...our National Forest System lands.
• If it's in a closed system and that water is potentially being ingested or being expelled from a human
• and water system infrastructure grants that the agency oversaw.
• and water system infrastructure. large water system and water system infrastructure grants that the
• We've already promised it to systems, and now it's just a matter of paying that funding out.

Keywords: 989, all

Summary: The Joint Finance-Appropriations Committee heard budget presentations for the Endowment Fund Investment Board, the Department of Lands, and the Department of Environmental Quality. The EFIB presentation emphasized its small staff, low administrative costs, and a modest request for a laptop replacement. The Department of Lands presentation focused heavily on fire suppression funding, the fire suppression deficiency fund, and the agency’s endowment and forest management work. Director Dustin Miller said 2025 fire costs were just over $40 million, noted that the Legislature had previously funded the deficiency account, and warned that current holdbacks could reduce staffing for fire operations, especially in eastern Idaho. He also explained a proposed shift of 1.25 FTE and $160,000 from the Abandoned Mines Lands Fund to the Navigable Waterways Fund, and discussed House Bill 511 as a possible future fire-preparedness funding source. Committee members asked detailed questions about how the fire suppression deficiency fund works, when it can be used, and whether it can cover prevention or only active fires. Staff explained that the fund is for active suppression and that any negative balance would later be settled through a supplemental request. Members also asked about staffing, vacancy rates, and the impact of budget reductions on fire readiness and forest health work. Miller said the agency had filled many key vacancies but still faced recruitment challenges, and he described the Eastern Idaho Forest Protective District and the agency’s growing Good Neighbor Authority work with the U.S. Forest Service. The Department of Environmental Quality presentation covered staffing, water infrastructure funding, loan and grant programs, air and water quality, and solid waste oversight. Director Jess Byrne said targeted pay increases had reduced turnover and vacancies, and that DEQ had distributed more than $835 million in grants and low-interest loans over five years, mostly to small communities. He also said the agency has fewer staff than 25 years ago despite a much larger population, leading to permit backlogs and reduced monitoring. Byrne explained that the Drinking Water Loan Fund is built from federal capitalization grants, state match, and repayments, and that its rising balance reflects awarded but not yet reimbursed projects rather than unused money. He also said DEQ is considering fee increases in air quality and drinking water programs, and supported a proposed solid waste transfer only if it includes a fee structure. No votes were taken, and the committee adjourned after the presentations and questions.

Transcript Highlights:

• Like many state programs, Washington's workers' compensation system serves as a vital safety net for
• employees injured Workers' compensation system serves as a vital safety net for employees injured on
• More concerning, the system is currently paying out about one Of roughly 22% since 2020.
• However, the actuarial rate, the one that needed to keep the system fully solvent, was 13%.
• He said there are clear signs that the workers' compensation system faces challenges ahead, and that

Summary: The Labor and Workplace Standards Committee met on January 28, 2026, first hearing staff briefings and then taking executive action on House Bills 1571, 2144, 2191, and 2372. HB 1571 would make heart conditions a presumptive occupational disease for certain firefighters and law enforcement officers; members spoke in support of the bill as a response to the stresses and exposures of those jobs, and it was reported out 8-1 with a do-pass recommendation. HB 2144 would require notice to employees when employers use electronic monitoring for performance evaluations. The committee considered several amendments to a proposed substitute, adopting an amendment clarifying private communications protections but rejecting amendments to broaden emergency exceptions and remove the private right of action. The bill, as amended, passed 6-3. HB 2191 concerns wages in the construction industry and employer/contractor liability for unpaid wages. The committee considered a proposed substitute and several amendments. Members rejected amendments to include public entities as owners and to extend the right to cure to subcontractors, but adopted amendments removing Attorney General enforcement authority and making additional clarifying changes. Supporters emphasized accountability for unpaid wages and protecting vulnerable workers; opponents raised concerns about the scope of liability. The amended bill was reported out 6-3. HB 2372 would require workers’ compensation time loss benefits to include the full employer health care premium contribution rather than a partial percentage. An amendment to add L&I invoice and notice requirements and bar attorney fees on the health-care-premium portion was rejected, and the bill was then reported out 6-3. The committee also held public hearings on HB 2563 and HB 2188. HB 2563 would allow the Office of Administrative Hearings to automatically serve unemployment-case notices electronically during a pilot period ending July 30, 2029. OAH testified that the change would reduce mailing costs and improve service, while the Unemployment Law Project warned it would harm claimants with limited digital access and create procedural barriers; no action was taken during the hearing. HB 2188 would require L&I to publish actuarial indicated workers’ compensation rates and explain when rate caps shift costs to other classes. Business groups supported the transparency measure, and L&I testified it could provide the information and that the bill would have no fiscal impact; the hearing was closed without action.

Transcript Highlights:

• Public safety systems, which is the collapse of public defense.
• But prior to that, many county systems were already in crisis.
• We ask that you fully fund DSHS's request for the increase in staffing and system enhancements needed
• that are state, counties, and cities have built together over decades. and the human service systems
• They produce a system of failure. Thank you so much. Thank you. Ash, go ahead.

Summary: The House Appropriations Committee continued its public hearing on House Bill 2289, the fiscal biennial supplemental operating budget appropriations bill. The chair and vice chair explained the hearing process, limited testimony to one minute per person, and then heard extensive public comment from a wide range of advocates, local officials, service providers, and residents. No committee vote was taken during the hearing. Much of the testimony focused on opposition to proposed budget shifts involving Climate Commitment Act revenue, especially the proposed diversion of $569 million to other uses, including the Working Families Tax Credit. Environmental, public health, and local government witnesses argued those funds should remain dedicated to climate pollution reduction, wildfire resilience, clean transportation, natural climate solutions, and affordability programs. Several speakers also urged full funding for wildfire response and forest health, including the HB 1168 commitment, and opposed transfers from the Public Works Assistance Account. Other major topics included Medicaid and long-term care rates, with nursing home and assisted living providers warning that freezing or delaying rate rebasing would worsen staffing shortages and threaten access to care. Public health and health care advocates opposed cuts to foundational public health services, Apple Health expansion, and pharmacy benefit changes, while oral health advocates asked to preserve Medicaid dental funding and support Dentist Link. Testimony also supported or opposed funding for K-12 programs such as special education, the Ninth Grade Success Initiative, and homeless student stability; early learning and child care subsidies; disability services; public defense; housing and homelessness prevention; food assistance; higher education; and immigrant legal services. The committee concluded the hearing and adjourned after public testimony ended.

Transcript Highlights:

• Existing systems that are already in place, but the issue is around the medically, the meal itself as
• opposed to creating a system of distribution, or is this also not only the ability to have medically
• appropriate meals, but also creating a new system of distribution, or is this building on?
• DHS and our JR system doesn't do that.
• Through the pandemic, we learned just how important it is to keep food systems close to home.

Bills: SB5966

Committee: Senate Human Services

Keywords: healthcare, nutrition, medically tailored meals, dietary support, food security, chronic illness, 904, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Currently, we don't have any systems-based applications.
• In our great state, this system will help.
• And address because of this system.
• a system problems-based request to the council.
• So, yes, I would recommend that it would be part of the M&V system. Thank you. Thank you, Mr.

Transcript Highlights:

• in choosing the leaders who shape our local education systems.
• And, as Senator Umberg pointed out, SB 42 does not actually implement any system at all.
• But it's a fair system. Everybody's got a chance.
• I think this bill will make it an even more fair system. So happy to support the bill today.
• So I just want to thank you for being forward-thinking and working in the system. Thank you.

Summary: The Assembly Elections Committee met on July 2, 2025, with a quorum present and took up eight agenda items, including four consent bills. The committee first approved the consent calendar, which included SB 280, SB 621, SB 851, and SB 852, all moving forward without objection. The committee then heard several bills from Senator Umberg focused on election administration and campaign finance, along with SB 408 on voter-roll maintenance. SB 249 would require county board of education elections to be consolidated with the statewide general election. Supporters, including the League of Women Voters, argued this would increase turnout and make those elections more representative; opponents, including Orange County education officials, argued it would override local control, increase costs, and add ballot fatigue. The bill passed 5-2 and was re-referred to the Committee on Education. SB 398 would make it a crime to pay or offer contingent payments or other valuable consideration to induce voting or voter registration, closing what supporters described as a loophole involving lotteries and incentives. It passed 5-0 as amended and was re-referred to the Committee on Public Safety. SB 42 would remove the state ban on public financing for campaigns in general law cities and counties, allowing local voters to decide whether to adopt such systems. Supporters from Common Cause, the League of Women Voters, and many local advocates said it would broaden participation and reduce the influence of big money; opponents raised concerns about taxpayer funding, guardrails, and local oversight. The bill passed 5-2 and was re-referred to Appropriations. Finally, SB 408 would require election officials to use U.S. Postal Service change-of-address data to help maintain voter rolls; supporters said it would improve accuracy and trust in elections, while one commenter questioned reliance on postal data. The bill passed unanimously 6-0 and was re-referred to Appropriations. The committee then completed the remaining roll calls and adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• You guys can become a California board-approved program and then we wouldn't have a two-tiered system
• AB 489 will draw a bright line and say an AI system cannot represent itself as a health professional,
• Indeed, recent investigations by journalists have uncovered examples of unproven AI systems claiming
• Allowing an AI system to claim physician status could be dangerously misleading.
• That can be incredibly time-consuming, painful, and costly to the system.

Summary: The Assembly Business and Professions Committee held its first regular bill hearing of 2025 and considered a wide range of measures on health care access, professional regulation, animal welfare, and consumer protection. Early in the hearing, the committee adopted its rules and then approved a consent calendar of several bills, including measures by Chen, Caloza, Carrillo, Arreguín, Berman, and Flora. The committee also took up AB 1082, which would allow California nursing students enrolled in out-of-state programs to complete clinical training in California; supporters said it would help address the nursing shortage and keep students closer to home, while opponents warned it could worsen already limited clinical placement capacity and reduce oversight. The bill passed on a do pass recommendation to Appropriations after a quorum was established. The committee then heard and advanced several health-related bills. AB 50, by Assembly Member Bonta, would ease Medi-Cal access to over-the-counter hormonal contraception by removing the need for a prescription for coverage purposes; pharmacists, reproductive health advocates, and medical groups supported the bill, and it passed unanimously to the Committee on Health. AB 489, also by Bonta, would prohibit AI systems from misrepresenting themselves as licensed health professionals; supporters from medical, psychiatric, behavioral health, and other professional groups said the bill would protect patients from misleading chatbot advice, and it passed to Privacy and Consumer Protection. AB 481, by Assembly Member Rubio, would expand the tasks that federally qualified lab personnel can perform under CLIA supervision to help address lab staffing shortages; labor groups raised concerns about training, certification, and supervision, but the bill passed to Appropriations with an amended do pass recommendation. The committee also considered animal welfare and access-to-care measures. AB 631, by Assembly Member Lee, would require animal shelters to post intake and outcome data online; supporters said the reporting would improve policy and resource allocation, while members discussed how the requirement would work for shelters without websites, and the bill passed to Appropriations. AB 867, also by Lee, would prohibit cat declawing except when medically necessary for the animal; animal welfare groups strongly supported the bill, while the veterinary association opposed it as an improper legislative regulation of veterinary surgery, and the bill passed to Appropriations. Finally, AB 1307 would create a pilot program allowing a limited number of qualified dentists trained in Mexico to practice in underserved California areas; supporters framed it as a cost-neutral way to address major dental access gaps, the California Dental Association remained opposed unless amended, and the bill passed to Appropriations. Several members later added their votes on the various items after the hearing, and the committee kept the hearing open briefly to allow additional add-ons.

Transcript Highlights:

• Schools that have these systems have found that it not only stops violence, but it helps students get
• She is supportive of the legislation, and she describes how these anonymous threat reporting systems
• I forgot to mention before that a number of states have systems like these.
• I actually serve as Executive Director of Catalysts for Systems Change.
• Through my journey, I saw firsthand that the systemic issues within housing, workforce, and education

Committee: House Education Policy

Transcript Highlights:

• One would be the Secretary for Labor Workforce Development Agency, the head of the UC system, CSU system
• Coordinating entity that drives our system to coordinate in an accountable and strategic way.
• , our UC system, our community. colleges, and some private universities.
• and who, like me, work against systemic barriers to pursue higher education.
• The agency is partnering with CDT, the California Department of Technology, to build the system.

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• . >> Or for >> someone outside the school system who would do that?
• That's why we moved into 106, 0.2 8 because it then falls under the school system and there's a different
• To enhance penalties for certain prohibited actions by unmanned aircraft systems.
• Our current system is already prone to errors in Florida.
• , the victim or the defense victim advocate in that schedule, one system in their system.

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• It's a dual banking system and creates parity between both states and federal stable coin charters.
• are not about helping traditionally on and under bank communities gaining access to the financial system
• Prevent money laundering and terrorism financing and other illicit uses of our financial system.
• But if we're going to ultimately intertwine this with the financial system...
• And solves for the unique risks in the system, especially respect to custody.

Committee: Senate Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Subcommittee on Digital Assets

Keywords: Digital Assets, Bitcoin, Stablecoins, Legislation, Bipartisan, Consumer Protection, Regulatory Framework, Financial Innovation, Testimony

Summary: The inaugural meeting of the Digital Assets Subcommittee brought a wave of excitement and anticipation regarding the future of digital assets, including Bitcoin and stablecoins. Chair Lummis expressed gratitude towards Senator Scott for establishing the subcommittee, indicating a commitment to promote responsible innovation while safeguarding consumers. Members discussed the necessity for a bipartisan legislative framework to regulate digital asset markets effectively while outlining the potential benefits such legislation could have on enhancing financial inclusion and streamlining payments. The meeting featured expert testimonies from key figures in the digital asset industry, highlighting the importance of creating clear regulatory guidance for digital assets to foster innovation without compromising consumer protections.

Transcript Highlights:

• AFTER THE 2022 2023 SCHOOL YEAR WHICH WAS THE FIRST YEAR OF OUR NEW PROGRESS MONITORING SYSTEM THAT WE
• ALSO TO HELP THEM UNDERSTAND THE PROGRESS MONITORING DATA THAT THEY ARE RECEIVING AS PART OF OUR SYSTEM
• OUR FSA SYSTEM AND NOW OUR FAST SYSTEM IS REALLY HARD TO COMPARE THOSE ACROSS AND SO WE DO ENCOURAGE
• WE ARE ABLE TO TRACK NO MATTER WHAT SYSTEM WE ARE USING WHETHER IT'S FSA OR NOW.
• WE GET A CALL FROM THE DEPARTMENT WITH OUR FAST SYSTEM WITH PARENTS AND TEACHERS THANKING US.

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• A a fair system that people can trust.
• </c><01:27:42.880><c> where</c> longer navigating a system where longer navigating a system where decisions
• </c><01:38:55.360><c> in</c> fairness within the housing system in fairness within the housing system
• And also, I system here in Colorado.
• That ruling directly impacts systems like ours.

Keywords: 981, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> effective homelessness response system effective homelessness response system is<00:10:24.960><c
• </c> whole homeless response system whole homeless response system collapsing. collapsing. collapsing
• </c> systems fail. I know that firsthand. systems fail. I know that firsthand.
• </c> statewide revenue system. statewide revenue system. Thank<00:17:18.520><c> you.</c> Thank you.
• </c> HECAT funding ensures that this system HECAT funding ensures that this system can<00:59:05.359><

Bills: HF3279 , HF1879 , HF1417 , HF2462

Committee: House Housing Finance and Policy

Keywords: housing, sales tax, homeownership, rent assistance, community stability, education, counseling, financial assistance, housing development, culturally appropriate services, HF1417, manufactured home parks, manufactured housing, mobile home parks, housing development fund, Minnesota Housing Finance Agency, MHFA, infrastructure grants, infrastructure loans, affordable housing

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> the system. the system.
• So we're actually wastewater system.
• I can't really ... wastewater systems. The problem with wastewater systems.
• </c><01:29:08.040><c> So</c> systems in addition to cesspools. So systems in addition to cesspools.
• So this may be a wastewater system.

Bills: HB2614 , HB1660 , HB1704 , HB1563 , HB1573 , HB1777 , HB1749

Committee: House Consumer Protection & Commerce

Keywords: cosmetics, returns, refunds, consumer protection, high-pressure sales, transparency, accountability, HB1660, Hawaii, county labor standards, counties, contractors, building permits, permit denial, permit suspension, permit revocation, wage theft, wages, benefits, hours

Summary: The committee heard testimony on HB 2614, which would require merchants selling cosmetics to accept returns of newer unopened goods within specified time frames and expand signage requirements for return and refund policies. DCCA’s Office of Consumer Protection strongly supported the bill, citing updated figures of 180 cosmetic complaints from 2020 to 2025, 54 still under investigation, 148 referred to class action litigation, and more than $1.3 million in consumer losses. Members questioned whether the bill was needed given the pending lawsuit and whether bad actors would comply, while the office responded that clearer signage would improve consumer awareness and could reduce complaints without limiting other remedies. No vote was taken. The committee then heard HB 1660 HD1, which would allow counties to require contractors to disclose wage, benefit, hour, and employment-status information and to deny, revoke, or suspend permits for certain labor-law violations. DLIR, the Hawaii Regional Council of Carpenters, Operating Engineers Local 3, and Pacific Resource Partnership testified in support, arguing the measure would help deter cheating contractors, protect law-abiding employers, and keep bad actors from undercutting wages and taxes. One member raised concerns about possible delays to affordable housing projects and whether owners should be held responsible for contractors’ misconduct; supporters replied that compliance is a minimum standard, that county action would be discretionary rather than automatic, and that the bill would not bar counties from working with affordable housing developers. No action was reported. Finally, the committee took up HB 1704, adopting the Psychology Interjurisdictional Compact to allow telepsychology and temporary in-person practice across state lines. The Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, the State Health Planning and Development Agency, the Hawaii State Association of Counties, and the Hawaii Association of Health Plans supported the measure, saying it would help fill major staffing gaps, especially for forensic evaluations and services in rural and neighbor-island communities. The Board of Psychology raised concerns about the compact’s scope, the need for a study focused specifically on psychologists, background-check requirements, possible loss of regulatory authority and revenue, and the need to update older statutory provisions. Hawaii Association for Justice opposed the immunity language in the compact, and Shawn Scanlon opposed the bill, arguing it could weaken cultural responsiveness and local control and suggesting the state instead improve temporary licensing and other in-state pathways. The committee also questioned the Department of Corrections about its vacancies and whether telehealth could be filled by local providers; no vote was taken in the excerpt.

Transcript Highlights:

• We operate our agencies within the NDSU system. We are part of NDSU.
• It put them through the North Dakota school system.
• We're digging into the K-12 system a little bit deeper.
• Or is this a system office job? And I don't look around this table.
• Or is this a system office job? And I don't look around this table.

Keywords: 908, all

Summary: The committee first reviewed the 2024-25 tuition waiver report for the North Dakota University System. Staff explained that waivers were reported for degree-seeking students and broken out by residency, institution, and waiver type. Members asked about partial versus full waivers, institutional discretion, athletic waivers, and whether campuses have published guardrails or transparency requirements. Staff said most waivers are set by institutions, with some statutory and board-required categories, and that athletic waivers are a small share of total waiver dollars. The report showed total gross tuition of $354.5 million, tuition waived of $38.9 million, and 11,193 of 42,040 students receiving some waiver. Members also discussed how waivers affect net tuition revenue, housing and food collections, and whether campuses are using waivers strategically compared with scholarships and other funding sources. The committee then heard a presentation on tuition rates by campus and State Board policy. Staff explained the board’s tuition factors for resident, Minnesota reciprocity, contiguous-state/U.S. nonresident, and international students, and noted that campuses often seek exceptions based on program-specific competition and enrollment goals. Members asked whether rates are based on cost or competition, and staff said campuses typically bring forward estimates and market comparisons when requesting special rates. The presentation also reviewed general fund appropriations versus net tuition revenue by campus, and members discussed how local tuition decisions and waivers do not directly affect the state funding formula, though they do affect institutional revenue and reserves. Questions were also raised about the Higher Learning Commission’s financial composite indicator and how it differs from the more intuitive reserve and revenue figures. The committee next received a broad overview of non-higher-education entities affiliated with the State Board of Higher Education, beginning with NDSU agriculture-related units. Dr. Greg Lardy described the State Board of Agricultural Research and Education, the NDSU Extension Service, the Agricultural Experiment Station, and the branch research centers, emphasizing their statewide role in crop and livestock research, extension education, and county-based outreach. He outlined funding mixes for extension, the experiment station, and branch stations, noting that grants and contracts support both research and education, while the agronomy seed farm is self-funded through seed sales. Members asked about the new and vacant FTE pool, R1 research status, matching requirements for grants, and whether state appropriations count toward research expenditures. Dr. Lardy also highlighted major research impacts, including crop varieties, virtual fencing, AI-assisted weed control, and NDAWN weather data. The Northern Crops Institute and the Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute also presented. NCI described its role in market development, technical services, and education for regional agriculture, its governance through the Northern Crops Council, and its funding from state appropriations, other states, and earned revenue. Members asked about the source of out-of-state funding, intellectual property, and the institute’s international reach. UGPTI then outlined its transportation research, federal and state funding structure, and work on road and bridge condition assessments, travel demand modeling, and workforce training. No votes were taken during the portion of the meeting reflected in the transcript.

Transcript Highlights:

• We use systems that help track their location.
• In addition to that, we have provisions with our GPS monitoring system where we can create inclusion
• And other things that we would do would be maintaining all of our ventilation systems...
• The city of Soledad uses half the system, and the prison uses half the system.
• I served 38 years in the California prison system and put out about eight and a half.

Committee: Senate Rules

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• familiar with Article 9, Section 1 of the Idaho Constitution that does say the Legislature establishes a system
• I think some of the things that concern me, one, is this system where we're at, right?
• And then we devote those resources that are redundant to those school systems that are doing well.
• Both those resources that are redundant to those school systems that are doing well, to where they're
• We are at a once-in-a-century opportunity to make great strides in improving our public system.

Committee: House Education

Summary: The committee heard testimony on Senate Bill 1288, which would create a high-cost special education student fund to reimburse school districts for extraordinary special education expenses above $30,000 per student. The sponsor and supporters said the bill is a response to federal and state obligations to serve students with disabilities, and that the initial $5 million appropriation would provide limited relief to districts, especially rural and charter schools, that must absorb unpredictable costs. Testifiers from school districts, Idaho Parents Unlimited, parents, and Idaho Educational Services for the Deaf and the Blind described very high costs for aides, therapies, assistive technology, and specialized services, and said the bill would help districts maintain services for all students. Some members raised concerns about whether schools are being asked to provide health-related services and about the long-term fiscal burden, but the bill was advanced to the floor with a due pass recommendation. The committee also took up Senate Bill 1339, which would replace the current continuous improvement plan framework with strategic performance plans and related training for districts and charters. The sponsor and supporters argued that the bill would encourage long-term goal setting, stakeholder involvement, annual review, and more local flexibility, while reducing redundant reporting and focusing oversight on schools that are not meeting goals. Supporters said many high-performing districts already use similar practices and that the bill would help align resources with student outcomes. One testifier said her district already has strategic and continuous improvement plans and questioned whether the proposal added value without new funding, while another superintendent said the bill improved clarity and community engagement. The committee voted to send Senate Bill 1339 to the floor with a due pass recommendation and also approved the March 12 and March 13 minutes.

Transcript Highlights:

• Coming to a new country without knowing anyone, speaking the language, or understanding unfamiliar systems
• Too often, families and educators are navigating an inconsistent and fragmented system.
• Too often, families and educators are navigating an inconsistent and fragmented system.
• Too often, families and educators are navigating an inconsistent and fragmented system.
• I'm looking at the maintaining of an evaluation program of the system that monitors implementation...

Committee: House House Government, Elections & Indian Affairs

Keywords: 996, all

Transcript Highlights:

• and the Department of Education, which does handle our early learners through our Florida College System
• And thank you for your commitment and your investments in the education system.
• The governor's budget recommends a historic investment in our K-12 education system of $30.6 billion,
• that will be used by public emergency responders when they receive alerts from all panic alert systems
• Having gone through the public education system, it felt like all my tests were Scantron-based.

Committee: Senate Appropriations Committee on Pre-K - 12 Education

Summary: The Senate Appropriations Committee on Pre-K-12 Education met to hear the governor’s fiscal year 2026-27 budget recommendations for education from the Office of Policy and Budget and the Department of Education. Shelby Salmons and Commissioner Stasi Kamoutsis outlined the governor’s proposed $117.4 billion state budget, including about $32.5 billion for education, with major emphasis on public schools and early learning. The presentation highlighted a $30.6 billion K-12 budget, a $486 million VPK program, continued funding for VPK Summer Bridge, TEACH, HIPPY, and Help Me Grow, as well as increases for teacher pay, base student allocation, mental health, school safety, civics education, and school hardening initiatives. The commissioner also cited a 92.2% statewide graduation rate and Florida’s national rankings in education and education freedom. Senators used the question period to raise concerns about counselor staffing, mental health services, school closures, school choice oversight, the Guardian Program, data reporting, and school capacity. Senator Jones asked about counselor ratios, school closures in historically Black communities, and whether school choice schools are properly monitored for safety and instructional quality. Senator Osgood argued that mental health funding should support more clinical services on campuses, not just academic counselors, and Senator Bradley asked whether the centralized data repository includes scholarship students. Senator Gates praised the civics and debate funding and asked for more detail on the Guardian Program’s performance; the commissioner said 53 of 67 districts participate and described it as a successful safety option with sheriffs approving training. Senators Simon and Osgood also pressed for better use of the FISH report and more accurate space data to understand school capacity and right-sizing. During public testimony, Pinellas County School Board member Laura Hine said her district is an A-rated district with no D or F schools, but spends far more on safety and mental health than it receives in state categorical funding. She said Florida’s mental health staffing ratio is about one counselor per 2,203 students, compared with a recommended one per 1,106, and urged the committee to consider funding full-day VPK statewide, estimating it would cost about $375 million. Committee members followed up on her comments about local flexibility and whether districts can shift funds to meet needs. The meeting ended after members thanked DOE and executive branch staff for the presentation, and the committee adjourned without taking any substantive vote on legislation.