Video & Transcript : 'Ex Parte Charrette' :

Page 290 of 500
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • That said, I do believe that this is part of a broader conversation.
  • Again, the bill is going after people who are part of the enforcement piece.
  • We're not going after people who are not part of the enforcement piece.
  • So I do want to talk about why we have part-time positions in the first place.
  • Sometimes these temporary part-time, short-term jobs reflect student populations.
Summary: The committee heard several bills related to public employment. AB 1601, by Assemblymember Rogers, would give Sonoma County flexibility to work with its retirement board and actuaries on a possible retiree cost-of-living adjustment; supporters said Sonoma is the only 1937 Act county system without an automatic COLA and that retirees have gone since 2008 without an increase, while no opposition testified. The bill passed on a do-pass vote and was placed on the floor. AB 1729, by Assemblymember Lee, would update state telework policy by requiring written telework plans, adding more structure before return-to-office decisions, and restoring public reporting on telework savings. Supporters, including SEIU Local 1000, the Association of California State Supervisors, and many state workers, argued telework improves productivity, reduces emissions and commute costs, and could save the state about $225 million annually; there was no opposition. The committee approved the bill 6-0 and re-referred it to Appropriations. AB 1630, by Assemblymember Colosa, would allow union representatives to invite bargaining-unit members to observe meet-and-confer sessions, including remotely, to increase transparency and engagement. UC and CSU opposed the measure, saying observer rules should be negotiated at the table and warning the bill lacked clear limits on the number of observers and could create logistical and security problems. The bill passed 5-0 with one member not voting and was sent to Appropriations. AB 1750, also by Assemblymember Colosa, would require school employees who exhaust sick leave and are absent due to illness or injury to receive full salary for an additional five months. CTA supported the bill as a needed safety net for teachers and classified staff, while school districts and administrators opposed it over cost, staffing, and student stability concerns, saying it could encourage longer absences and strain already tight budgets. The committee passed the bill 5-0 and sent it to Higher Education. AB 1896, by Assemblymember Gonzalez, would bar people who participated in immigration enforcement from holding California public employment, with supporters framing it as a response to ICE and Border Patrol actions and opponents warning it was overbroad and could exclude otherwise qualified applicants from law enforcement jobs; the bill passed 5-1 and was referred to Public Safety.
ID

Idaho 2026 Regular Session

Legislative Session Day 80 Apr 1st, 2026

Idaho Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • And there was one part of Washington's Farewell... Virtue and duty still speak today.
  • And the first part of this bill... ...development.
  • And the first part of this bill is the consolidation of the two agencies.
  • That was part of the application process that actually CMS wanted us to focus on, and it was part of
  • I simply refuse to be part of further shackling our children in that debt.
Keywords: 989, all
AR

Arkansas 2026 Regular Session

JOINT BUDGET COMMITTEE Mar 4th, 2026

JOINT BUDGET COMMITTEE

Transcript Highlights:
  • This is a part of the existing contract. It is a built-in increase that's already there.
  • So there are three parts to this summary.
  • Yes, it is part of the University of Arkansas system.
  • Yes, it is part of the University of Arkansas system. Okay. Well, Mr.
  • Okay, and no idea what parts of the state that's coming from? We do.
Summary: The committee first adopted revised JBC rules, which staff said were updated to reflect legislation passed in the 2025 session. It then heard a presentation from DFA Secretary Jim Hudson on the governor’s proposed balanced budget for FY27, with no action taken. Hudson said the budget reflects three priorities: limiting state-government growth, continuing investments in education, and advancing income-tax cuts. He highlighted increases for education funding through EFAs, pay-plan costs for Corrections, DPS, and the Attorney General, higher education productivity funding, drug task forces, a Corrections medical contract, the governor’s 1033 initiative, SNAP error-rate reduction efforts, and an additional $100 million set aside for Medicaid sustainability. Committee members questioned the size of the tax cuts, the balance requirement, public education funding, Medicaid trust-fund levels, EFA funding, and the expected impact of new SNAP cost-sharing rules. The Division of Higher Education then presented its productivity-based funding recommendations. Officials said institutions were 2.61% more productive overall, with funding changes driven by a statutory formula that rewards degree production, underserved populations, and high-demand fields. Members asked about declines at UA Little Rock, the formula’s multipliers, the role of the Arkansas Access Act and a new return-on-investment metric, and how two-year colleges are adjusted for size. The committee also reviewed special items and approved two letters: one authorizing 17 net personnel changes across nine institutions, and another adding special language for North Arkansas College’s entry into the University of Arkansas system. The committee then adopted the Higher Education Coordinating Board’s recommendations for all institutions. A lengthy portion of the meeting focused on the University of Arkansas system, especially Fayetteville’s athletics funding and the broader impact of the House/NIL settlement. Chancellor Charles Robinson and system officials explained that the board had waived a longstanding campus transfer and directed the university to provide an additional $6 million to athletics, with some costs likely to be passed through to students but partially offset by existing budget growth. Members debated whether the university should prioritize academics or athletics, how the transfer originated, and whether the athletic changes would affect affordability. The committee also discussed the 1890 extension program at UAPB and the Division of Agriculture’s land-grant funding. UAPB officials said the state match is intended to be one-to-one, that the current recommendation aligns appropriation with actual spending, and that a $2 million set-aside remains available if needed. The Division of Agriculture later clarified that its Smith-Lever extension and Hatch research funds are part of the UA system’s separate budget and that the state matched about $6.2 million in federal extension funding last year. The committee then moved to the Department of Corrections. It approved G1, transferring 51 positions to the secretary’s office to activate a recidivism program, with an estimated cost of about $4 million. Staff then began walking through the department’s FY27 budget, noting an increase of about $8 million for administration and shared services, including a $170,000 sex-offender assessment appropriation moved under Act 723 of 2025 and roughly $6 million more for medical contracts. Questions on the Corrections budget had just begun when the transcript ended.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • I'm grateful again to be part of this work with someone, Brian.
  • And I'm grateful again to be part of this work with someone, Brian.
  • And SHALI alone is a part of almost 30 different coalitions and collaborative all in three. is a part
  • And I feel like that's one of the most horrifying parts.
  • My instructor was also part-time and moonlighting as a math teacher.
Keywords: 988, house, all
MO

Missouri 2026 Regular Session

Transportation Feb 24th, 2026

Transportation

Transcript Highlights:
  • But I also get the part of as soon as that truck's gone, it's gone.
  • Or how does that particular part work?
  • The previous witness in favor of it was a part of writing that.
  • They are operating in other parts of the state, other parts of the country.
  • They are operating in other parts of the state, other parts of the country.
Keywords: 959, house, all
AZ
Transcript Highlights:
  • Chairman Bliss, Representative Gris, I was not part of that process.
  • So there are four parts to this amendment.
  • Second, there are four parts to this amendment.
  • I will have to find that little part, sorry.
  • The part I see, if this is what you're referring to, is line 12.
Summary: The committee first heard House Bill 2307, as amended by a strike-everything amendment, which would require the Department of Health Services to contract with an out-of-state facility when a person found dangerous and incompetent under a court commitment order cannot be placed in an Arizona secure mental health facility. Supporters, including the sponsor and Senator Angus, said the measure was a temporary stopgap to prevent dangerous individuals from being released because Arizona lacks secure behavioral health beds. Opponents raised due process, disability rights, family access, cost, and interstate-legal concerns, and DHS said it had no fiscal estimate and little experience with such contracts. The committee adopted the amendment and then passed the bill 6-5. The committee then took up House Bill 2083, which updates diabetes-related insurance coverage to include items such as continuous glucose monitors, insulin pumps, smart insulin pens, and certain injectable medications. Supporters said the bill reflects modern diabetes care and can prevent serious complications, while an insurer representative warned that putting the coverage in statute could create state-mandated costs and raised concern that the language might be read to include GLP-1 drugs. The committee adopted the amendment and passed the bill 11-1. House Bill 2673, dealing with mental illness screening and treatment for incarcerated people, would require sheriffs to ensure prisoners showing symptoms of mental disorder are examined within 24 hours and, if appropriate, referred for evaluation and treatment. Representative Hernandez said she intended to revise it into a study committee-style measure after stakeholder feedback, and a family member testified about her son’s death after untreated psychosis in jail. Opposition focused on competency and civil-commitment concerns, costs, and the burden on jails, but the committee passed the bill 12-0. House Bill 2923, which revises timelines and notice procedures for judicial review of court-ordered mental health treatment, also passed 12-0 after supporters said it would clarify outdated language and improve communication with families and guardians; opponents argued it shifted burdens onto patients and could prolong confinement. The committee next passed House Bill 2251, as amended, which expands licensed midwives’ authority to dispense certain medications and devices, adds reporting and oversight requirements, and creates an advisory committee. The sponsor said the amendment narrowed the medication list, clarified transfer-of-care triggers, strengthened oversight, and added sentinel-event reporting after stakeholder discussions with medical groups. Finally, the committee heard House Bill 2914 on electronic monitoring in resident rooms at nursing care and assisted living facilities, with the sponsor’s statement emphasizing the bill as a protection against abuse or neglect and noting similar laws in other states; the transcript cuts off before testimony or a final vote on that bill.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • And so courts have articulated this state. are truly operating as part of a single business.
  • The state will treat them as part of a single unitary group for tax purposes.
  • The problem here in part is that the rest of the world doesn't use formulary apportionment.
  • Both parts.
  • I'm sure, well, we'll skip that part. The lucky part about going last, I got to redact a lot.
Summary: The joint informational hearing examined California’s taxation of multinational corporations, especially the state’s water’s-edge election versus worldwide combined reporting. The LAO and Franchise Tax Board explained the basic mechanics of unitary taxation, apportionment, and how water’s-edge generally excludes most foreign subsidiaries while worldwide reporting includes the full unitary group. FTB officials said water’s-edge filers are a small share of corporate filers but account for a large share of tax liability, and they described filing trends, industry mix, and the administrative steps needed to administer either system. Members and witnesses debated the policy trade-offs. Supporters of moving away from water’s-edge argued that it enables profit shifting, especially for large multinational and IP-heavy firms, and that eliminating it could raise significant revenue and improve fairness for smaller domestic businesses. They cited estimates of billions in potential revenue and said California already has the audit and reporting infrastructure to handle worldwide reporting, though some transition time would be needed. Opponents argued that worldwide reporting would tax foreign activity unrelated to California, create double taxation, increase compliance burdens and litigation, and could be difficult for foreign-based multinationals to document. They also warned that some of the revenue estimates are highly uncertain because foreign affiliate income is not directly observable. Committee members asked about foreign government pushback, the risk of companies leaving California, the effect on intellectual property shifting, and whether federal or Supreme Court action could block a change. Witnesses generally said major firms would be unlikely to leave because California taxes sales rather than physical presence, but some costs could be passed on to consumers. The panel also discussed alternatives such as conforming to federal international tax rules like NCTI/GILTI and adding anti-abuse rules. No vote or bill action was taken; the hearing was informational only.
MO

Missouri 2026 Regular Session

Health and Mental Health Feb 5th, 2026 at 08:00 am

Health and Mental Health

Transcript Highlights:
  • So when they see a patient together with them and then they do some part of it, I may do part of it.
  • So when they see a patient together with them and then they do some part of it, I may do part of it.
  • Again, the qualified part. Athletic trainers are... ...to take. Again, the qualified part.
  • That is part of that entire health care process.
  • That is part of that entire health care process.
Keywords: 959, house, all
ID

Idaho 2026 Regular Session

Agenda Jan 22nd, 2026

Transcript Highlights:
  • Representative Harris, Representative Bruce, ongoing at upper part for 2025 then become part of the base
  • And then two, I'm going to ask part of that.
  • And part of that tax on hospitals... ...state general funds, and part of that tax on hospitals is kept
  • There are several moving parts here.
  • There are several moving parts here.
Summary: The Joint Finance-Appropriations Committee held a budget hearing on the Division of Medicaid within the Department of Health and Welfare. Legislative Services analyst Alex Williamson reviewed Medicaid’s five budgeted programs, enrollment groups, staffing, historic spending growth, and the distinction between ongoing base adjustments and one-time enhancements. She explained that most Medicaid spending is in trust and benefit payments, discussed the large FY 2026 and FY 2027 budget changes, and walked through the governor’s recommendations, including hospital assessment fund alignment, claims forecast updates, MMIS procurement funding, estate recovery, program integrity support, and population forecast adjustments. Members asked extensive questions about the 4% provider rate reduction, the expansion population, federal match rates, and the effect of House Bill 345 and federal changes on Medicaid costs and eligibility. Williamson and Deputy Director Sasha O’Connell said the expansion population has declined, but costs are driven by utilization, provider rates, pharmacy, hospital, developmental disability, behavioral health, and long-term care services. They said the department is pursuing cost containment through prior authorization, redeterminations, higher cost sharing, and program integrity efforts, while noting that expansion is codified in law and any repeal or major eligibility change would require legislative action and could affect hospital assessment revenue and other offsets. The committee also discussed the MMIS replacement project, with lawmakers emphasizing milestone-based funding and risk control. O’Connell explained the estate recovery request as a replacement case management system plus contractor support to help recover Medicaid costs from estates, and said the program is federally required and revenue-generating. Several members raised concerns about backlogs, contractor costs, and whether AI or other technology could improve efficiency in program integrity and estate recovery. No votes were taken during the hearing; the discussion remained informational and focused on the governor’s budget recommendations and possible future reductions or policy changes.
NM
Transcript Highlights:
  • This will be part of the process for accreditation, looking at many of these parts so that once again
  • That's part of it. The second part of it is really to provide them an opportunity to be successful.
  • They're part of our community.
  • They are part of us, time and true. So, that's a really important part.
  • But if that could be a goal, part of the vision, part of implementing and rolling this out, whether it's
Keywords: 996, all
NM

New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

IC - Courts, Corrections and Justice Nov 7th, 2025

Courts, Corrections & Justice Committee

Transcript Highlights:
  • And nonetheless, they're part of our physician shortages.
  • This was part of the grand compromise.
  • For the most part, every state ended up being equivalent to New Mexico.
  • For the most part, I haven't heard any complaints in the last year.
  • Hickey have also been consulted and are part of the conversation.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Senate Session Aug 12th, 2025

Texas Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • And honestly, it's difficult for me to see how there can be an intent on my part or anyone's part to
  • So it's probably a good idea to revisit that part.
  • The players, the politics, and the finance are also part of this discussion.
  • Counties that may be named later but are part of this same event.
  • Yes, the ones that were part of the disaster declaration.
Bills: SB8, SB4, SB43, SB1, SB2, SB13, SB6, SB10, SB16, SB14, SB3, SB8, SB4, SB43, SB1, SB2, SB13, SB6, SB10, SB16, SB14, SB3
NM

New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

IC - Indian Affairs Jul 16th, 2025

House Government, Elections & Indian Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • So I think part of this issue, too, is being educated.
  • So that part of the history might not be in here.
  • We don't have that prior part.
  • It was introduced as a way, as part of the colonization processes.
  • Our family got $100,000 to pick our prime ancestral land as part of this exchange.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • It has been a part of my healing journey to be able to return to CCWF.
  • She needs to do this work as part of her responsibilities.
  • of our system. ...to the idea of single-cell housing in other parts of our system.
  • Is that part of a process that comes down from the top to the institution itself?
  • It's a part of the design.
Summary: The hearing focused first on sexual abuse, harassment, and retaliation in California’s women’s prisons, with testimony from CDCR wardens, the Office of Inspector General, advocacy groups, and formerly incarcerated survivors. Legislators and witnesses described a pattern of staff misconduct, fear of retaliation, gaps in reporting, and the need for stronger accountability, better investigations, and more outside access for survivor support organizations. CDCR said it has expanded training, body-worn and stationary cameras, outside partnerships, and PREA-related response procedures, while the Inspector General requested additional funding and staff to monitor more grievances and staff sexual misconduct cases under SB 1069. Members pressed CDCR on why accused staff are not always placed on leave, how cases are referred to prosecutors, and whether current protections are enough; several members argued the state should aim to investigate all complaints and do more to prevent retaliation and repeat abuse. The second issue was rehabilitative and reentry programming in women’s prisons. CDCR’s Division of Rehabilitative Programs and the wardens highlighted education, vocational training, substance use treatment, peer support, and community reentry programs, citing increased enrollment and recent graduates earning diplomas, degrees, and certifications. They said these programs are intended to reduce recidivism and improve public safety. Formerly incarcerated advocates and community providers argued that current offerings are still too limited, outdated, and not aligned with today’s job market, especially around digital literacy and transferable credentials, and they urged more funding for community-based, trauma-informed, gender-responsive programming. A coalition representative asked for a $20 million continuation and expansion of the Wright Grant program, and members discussed additional budget requests for reentry and related women’s services.
ND
Transcript Highlights:
  • It began at the first part of May.
  • And part of the issue we seen was when, before the education, you.
  • This is part of the transparency you can add in.
  • The other part, though, too, and that's peak season for us.
  • The other part, though, too, and that's peak season for us on PRC.
Summary: The subcommittee of the Tax Reform and Relief Committee met to begin its study of the feasibility and desirability of revising the content of the real estate tax statement to improve property tax transparency. Legislative Council staff reviewed the study directive under House Bill 1176 and the statutory requirements for tax statements, including required line items such as true and full value, mill levy, legislative tax relief, primary residence credit, and the Legacy Fund portion of that credit. The Tax Department then explained how the current uniform statement is prescribed and approved, and noted that changes are typically driven by statute and implemented collaboratively with counties and vendors. County officials from the North Dakota Association of Counties described the full annual tax cycle, from county budgeting and valuation notices to budget hearing notices, levy certification, cap calculations, and final tax statement mailing. They emphasized that counties and auditors do extensive coordination with taxing districts and neighboring counties, and that the process is labor-intensive and often manual. Members discussed the limited public response to budget notices and tax statements, the difficulty of explaining the legislative tax relief line, the 3% cap and valuation issues, and whether more frequent assessments or different timing would improve understanding. Several members and witnesses noted that many taxpayers only engage when they receive their final bill, and that clarity may be more important than adding more detail. NDACO also presented a rough cost survey from eight counties, estimating an average tax statement cost of about 74 cents and a statewide total near $600,000 for printing and mailing tax statements alone, with outsourcing generally cheaper than in-house printing. Witnesses noted that House Bill 1176 added other mailings and notices, increasing county workload and cost beyond the statement itself. The committee then heard from software vendors, who explained how their systems handle tax billing, budget notices, valuation notices, primary residence credit processing, and tax levy calculations, and they identified the 1600/1685 primary residence credit and discount interaction as a current programming challenge. No votes were taken; the meeting was informational and focused on gathering testimony and identifying issues for possible future recommendations or bill drafts.
ND

North Dakota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Human Services Committee May 27th, 2026

Transcript Highlights:
  • I'm part of that housing task force.
  • So all of those factors, I think, are a large part of that.
  • Are you part of the team that's looking at that from a...
  • So there will be some parts that I will share sort of verbatim from the report, and other parts that
  • a tribe they are or are not a part of.
Summary: The committee first heard an update on North Dakota’s Interagency Council on Homelessness and Continuum of Care funding. Jennifer Henderson of the North Dakota Housing Finance Agency reported that homelessness remains driven by tight housing markets, low incomes, rising rents, and barriers to rental assistance, public benefits, and disability determinations. She said the state’s one-time North Dakota Homeless Grant is serving all regions but reaches far fewer households than the former Rent Help program, and that aging homelessness, shelter staffing shortages, and limited affordable units are growing concerns. Members discussed the need for more housing supply, better coordination with Health and Human Services, landlord engagement, reentry housing, and possible continued one-time funding for the $10 million Homeless Grant and $25 million Housing Incentive Fund. Henderson also warned that federal Continuum of Care funding is uncertain, with HUD expected to issue a new notice June 1 and possible shifts away from permanent supportive housing toward transitional housing and other models. The committee then took testimony on accessibility of government services for people who are blind, visually impaired, deaf, or hard of hearing. Paul Olson of North Dakota Vision Services School for the Blind described the school’s services for infants, children, and adults, including screenings, mobility training, assistive technology, and outreach across the state. He said the agency works closely with Vocational Rehabilitation and is also involved in improving website and document accessibility, especially for PDF materials. Public testimony highlighted barriers such as inaccessible CAPTCHA systems, online forms, driver’s license requirements on job applications, and limited transportation in rural areas. A deaf resident urged broader use of video remote interpreting and video relay services, along with training so people know how to use them effectively. Finally, Kay Larson presented the final report on the child care provider licensing study. The report recommended streamlining North Dakota’s child care licensing structure into three provider types plus a preschool designation, while preserving health and safety standards and maintaining eligibility for child care assistance. The committee discussed simplifying training and qualification rules, revising ratio and group-size requirements, and adjusting age bands for infants and toddlers. The report also noted that some changes would require statutory amendments and later administrative rule changes, with a transition period likely extending through 2029. No formal votes were taken in the transcript, but the committee accepted the updates and scheduled follow-up presentations for a later meeting.
MO

Missouri 2026 Regular Session

Budget Feb 4th, 2026 at 08:15 am

Budget

Transcript Highlights:
  • Head Start may be a little part of that.
  • And then they also get IDEA, Part B, federal funds.
  • So that's part of that.
  • That's the part I'm not tracking on.
  • One of those three parts of the formula, right?
Keywords: 959, house, all
MO

Missouri 2026 Regular Session

Budget Feb 4th, 2026

Budget

Transcript Highlights:
  • Head Start, maybe a little part of that.
  • Head Start, maybe a little part of that.
  • Head Start, maybe a little part of that.
  • So that's part of that, I guess, the auditing side of that is part of that, kind of what you talked about
  • One of those three parts of the formula, right?
Summary: The committee first heard the Office of the Governor’s FY 2027 budget request from Adam Gresham. He explained the office’s staffing and noted a $500,000 core reduction, along with a reallocation of three positions and about $168,000 from the governor’s office to the mansion operating fund to better reflect where those employees work. Members asked about the National Guard emergency line, which Gresham said had already spent about $63,457 in FY 2026 and could be used again for disaster activations, though he did not expect to use the full $4 million. He also said the agricultural resiliency transfer fund had not been used and had no current transfer plans. Several members commented on the size of the governor’s cut and whether the judiciary and other offices were also being asked to reduce budgets. No votes were taken. The committee then moved to the Department of Elementary and Secondary Education’s Office of Childhood and early childhood-related budget items. DESE staff described funding for the Office of Childhood, MoQPK child care provider grants, LEA pre-K grants, early childhood special education, Parents as Teachers, First Steps, preschool coordination, after-school programs, and child care subsidy. Members asked extensively about the MoQPK grants, including why Head Start providers were eligible, how curriculum approval works, and what safeguards exist against fraud or improper payments. DESE said it conducts physical inspections, desk reviews, payment-system checks, and investigations as needed, and that it had not had findings in this area. Some members questioned whether DESE or DSS was the right home for early childhood programs, while others defended the partnership and the role of early educators in identifying child needs. A major portion of the discussion focused on early childhood special education and the child care subsidy program. DESE explained that First Steps serves children birth to age three, while early childhood special education covers ages three to five and is driven by IEP eligibility; members asked for more data on diagnoses, trends, and how many children come off IEPs. The committee also discussed the child care subsidy budget and the governor’s proposed shift to paying providers based on authorization and at the beginning of the month. DESE said the change is being piloted, that a wait list is expected to begin around March 1, and that a May rollout is being considered, but only if software testing and fiscal projections show the system is sustainable. Members expressed frustration that promised changes had been delayed and that providers had been told different timelines, while DESE said the delay was driven by software issues, fiscal caution, and the need to avoid repeating prior payment problems. The hearing ended with the committee in recess before later resuming discussion of the subsidy program; no final votes or actions were taken in the portion provided.
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

House Health, Human Services and Elderly Affairs (10/08/2025)

Health, Human Services & Elderly Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • So the first part is safeguard the information.
  • The second part of the question is one.
  • So the first part is questions.
  • c> uh part D.
  • Um part of our uh part D.
Keywords: 1189, house, all
HI

Hawaii 2025 Regular Session

WAM, WAM-JDC Informational Briefings 01-14-2025

Hawaii Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • We also recognize that they have to do their part in this recovery.
  • We also recognize that they have to do their part in this recovery.
  • Part of this request is to relocate their servers.
  • Part of this request is to relocate their servers.
  • That was part of their intro. Oh, sorry.
Keywords: 912, senate, all