Video & Transcript Research : 'ranching'
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NM
Transcript Highlights:
- But it’s a fairly new FFA program, but they work with the New Mexico Farm and Ranch Museum.
- But we have kids that are on these ranches that, you know, they're out 50, 60 miles, one-way bus ride
Keywords:
ecological monitoring, sustainability, tribal engagement, education, research funding, graduate scholarship, higher education funding, New Mexico, appropriation, financial aid, out-of-school programming, education funding, youth programs, affordability, nonprofit organizations, defibrillators, public schools, health and safety, emergency response, school elections
NM
New Mexico 2025 Regular Session
IC - Revenue Stabilization and Tax Policy Dec 16th, 2025 at 09:08 am
Revenue Stabilization & Tax Policy Committee
NM
New Mexico 2025 Regular Session
IC - Economic and Rural Development Aug 12th, 2025
Economic & Rural Development & Policy Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Being raised on a ranch, farm kids have touched a lot of electric fences, so it's not a But it's not
- basin is where Spaceport America is, and there's no water there, so it's a very dry basin with some ranching
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- We specialize in farm and ranch sales.
- We specialize in farm and ranch sales.
Keywords:
minors, sexually explicit materials, public libraries, age verification, civil penalties, library collection review, alcohol storage, airline permits, beverage regulations, airport, commercial flights, alcoholic beverages, local option election, zoning regulations, municipality control, land use, state law, social media, bot accounts, misinformation
Summary:
The Committee on State Affairs heard several bills, mostly on alcohol regulation, ethics procedures, the Alamo, and free speech in professional associations. SB 2633 would let the City of Garland hold local option elections on alcohol sales within designated zones and use zoning/land-use rules for alcohol-selling businesses; Senator Johnson and Garland officials said it would reduce the burden of the petition process and support economic development. SB 2637 would require social media platforms to disclose when posts are made by bot accounts and allow Attorney General enforcement; supporters framed it as consumer protection against misleading automated content, while members raised questions about how platforms would identify bots and how enforcement would work. SB 2334 would allow airlines with passenger transportation permits to store sealed alcoholic beverages within five miles of an airport in the same county, which the sponsor and an American Airlines witness said would improve logistics without changing permits, taxes, or alcohol sourcing.
The committee also heard SB 2781 and SB 2782, both related to Texas Ethics Commission procedures. SB 2781 would cap civil penalties tied to certain campaign contribution violations by former legislators who later lobby, and SB 2782 would require TEC to adopt discovery control plans and align discovery rules more closely with the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure to limit costly, open-ended discovery. Both bills were left pending after no public testimony. SB 3059 would transfer oversight of the Alamo from the General Land Office to a new Alamo Commission beginning in 2027; Senator Campbell said it would provide long-term stewardship and transparency, while Senator Birdwell questioned the need for a change and the commission’s structure, and GLO witnesses said they were not aware of any problem prompting the shift. HB 1130, a House companion to a previously passed Senate bill, would provide liability protections for cavern entities that post warning signs, and it was also left pending.
A major portion of the meeting focused on SB 2713, which would bar professional or trade associations from denying membership or access based on protected characteristics or lawful speech and assembly. Senator Middleton and invited witnesses described disciplinary actions by realtor associations against members for social media posts, sermons, or political speech, arguing that the National Association of Realtors’ ethics rules were being used to punish private expression and threaten livelihoods through loss of MLS access. Committee members and witnesses discussed whether the bill should be narrowed to avoid affecting religious organizations, how association discipline works, and whether the measure should address existing penalties or only future conduct. The bill was left pending after extensive invited testimony and committee discussion.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- I attempt to run a farming and ranching operation of about 150,000 acres of solar industry.
- Speaker, I'd like to invite you or any person of the board to come to my farming and ranching operation
Keywords:
hotel occupancy tax, municipal revenue, tax code, local government funding, Texas legislation, county taxation, economic development, hotel industry, local government, counties, taxation, tourism, workforce development, youth programs, employment, education, technical training, health physics, higher education, nuclear energy
Summary:
The committee heard a series of bills, mostly related to economic development, tax incentives, and workforce programs. Senate Bill 1534 would direct a study by the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board and the Texas Workforce Commission on health physics education and workforce needs; resource witnesses from the Workforce Commission and Coordinating Board testified, and the bill was left pending. Senate Bill 1553 would authorize Kerr County to impose a hotel occupancy tax for tourism-related uses, and Senate Bills 1086 and 1087 would authorize similar county hotel taxes for Children’s County and Mason County; all three bills received supportive testimony and were left pending. The committee also heard Senate Bill 1754, which would prohibit county and local tax abatements for renewable energy facilities selling power wholesale, with testimony sharply divided between landowners and policy groups opposing renewable subsidies and industry representatives and some senators arguing the bill would harm clean energy investment and local decision-making; the bill was left pending. The committee then heard Senate Bill 2322, which would exempt dispatchable electric generation facilities from the JEDI program’s compelling-factor test so they could qualify for school district tax incentives; testimony was mixed, and the bill was left pending.
Later, the committee heard Senate Bill 1718, which would add the NRA annual meeting to the state’s major events reimbursement program. The bill’s sponsor and NRA representatives argued the event brings substantial tourism and economic activity, while opponents said it would use taxpayer funds to subsidize an organization that opposes gun safety measures; the bill was left pending. Senate Bill 2004 would add the Arlington Grand Prix to the major events reimbursement program, with the committee substitute exempting it from the usual competitive site-selection requirement because of timing; testimony from the event organizers and Arlington tourism officials was supportive, and the bill was left pending. Senate Bill 2448 would create a rural workforce development grant program at the Texas Workforce Commission to support college-and-career readiness and technical assistance in rural communities; witnesses from Texas 2036, Collegiate Edgination, and a rural school district supported it, and it was left pending. Finally, Senate Bill 913 would repeal a special requirement that Alpine dedicate at least 50% of its hotel occupancy tax to advertising and promotion, and Senate Bill 1143 would require more coordination and reporting for youth workforce programs serving disconnected young Texans; both bills received supportive testimony and were left pending. At the end of the hearing, Senator Johnson moved that the committee stand in recess, subject to the call of the chair.
TX
Texas 89th 2nd C.S.
S/C on Defense & Veterans' Affairs Mar 31st, 2025
S/C on Defense & Veterans' Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- get away from the hustle and bustle, and they, a lot of them come from country areas farming and ranching
- Wilson though, just to, you know, Hidalgo and I think Wilson County are very similar, you know, ranching
Bills:
HB101
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Natural Resources Committee Mar 24th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- factors that control the scale and pace at which these climate-smart practices are adopted on farms and ranches
- The scale and pace at which these climate-smart practices are adopted on farm and ranch.
Summary:
The committee heard and advanced a series of natural resources and climate-related bills. AB 70 would codify a definition of pyrolysis and allow procurement credit for projects using organic waste to generate pipeline biomethane; supporters said it would help divert organic waste from landfills, reduce methane, and support energy reliability. AB 30 would authorize E15 fuel sales in California, with supporters arguing it could lower consumer fuel costs and emissions, while opponents from boating and marine groups raised concerns about engine damage and the need for clear labeling and continued E10 availability. AB 66 would create a CEQA exemption for emergency evacuation routes in high fire-risk areas; supporters emphasized wildfire evacuation safety, while some members worried the bill lacked sufficient guardrails and environmental review. AB 399 would let the Coastal Commission consider blue carbon sequestration in coastal permitting and authorize blue carbon demonstration projects; environmental groups supported it, while business groups objected to new costs and regulatory uncertainty. AB 491 would codify California’s nature-based solutions climate targets for lands and wetlands, with supporters citing climate and adaptation benefits and the Farm Bureau opposing statutory targets. AB 580 would extend Metropolitan Water District authority related to the Colorado River Aqueduct, and AB 43 would make permanent state authority to protect federally designated wild and scenic rivers if federal protections are weakened. The committee also considered AB 436 to streamline siting and permitting of composting facilities and AB 539 to streamline certain Coastal Act procedures and reporting. Most measures received due-pass recommendations and were reported out on roll calls, with several bills also moving on consent; AB 404 was pulled at the author’s request.
NM
New Mexico 2025 Regular Session
House - Chamber Meeting Mar 20th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm going to take you on a Barbary hunt, a Barbary sheep hunt on a ranch that you won't ever see another
- We'll have the whole ranch to ourselves.
FL
Florida 2025 Regular Session
March 20, 2025 - 08:30 AM
Transcript Highlights:
- Next up, House Bill 4021 by Representative Conerly, North River Ranch Improvement Stewardship District
- House Bill 4021 is an expansion of the North River Ranch Improvement Stewardship District.
Summary:
The committee heard and approved several measures. HB 735 expanded Florida’s boating improvement program to fund parking for boat trailers at public ramps and offered a 10% sovereign submerged land lease discount for manufacturers using environmental best management practices; it passed unanimously. HB 4021 expanded the North River Ranch Improvement Stewardship District in Manatee County by 640 acres and was reported favorably. CS for HB 371, which promotes nature-based methods and green/gray infrastructure for coastal resilience, also passed unanimously after supportive testimony from resilience and environmental groups and committee members.
The committee then took up HJR 1325, a proposed constitutional amendment to create an elected Commissioner of Government Efficiency (COGE) with authority to audit, investigate, and report on waste, fraud, and abuse in state and local government. The proposal would eliminate the lieutenant governor position, the Government Efficiency Task Force, and the legislature’s current auditor appointment, with many implementation details deferred to a future bill. Members debated the scope of the new office, its relationship to the Auditor General and inspectors general, whether it should cover the legislative and judicial branches, staffing, and the comparison to federal DOGE efforts. An amendment making a minor wording change was adopted, and the resolution passed 23-? with a favorable report after a split vote.
The committee also approved two Gulf of America bills. HB 575 redesignated the Gulf of Mexico as the Gulf of America, and CS for HB 549 required Florida’s academic standards and newly adopted instructional materials to reflect the federal designation for materials acquired on or after July 1, 2025. Both measures drew criticism from members who argued the renaming was politically motivated, historically insensitive, and potentially confusing for students, while supporters said Florida should align with federal action. HB 575 passed and CS for HB 549 passed 18-7. Finally, HB 4071, a local bill adjusting the boundary between Coral Springs and Parkland in Broward County by about 8.7 acres, was amended and reported favorably with support from both cities and the Broward delegation.
TX
Texas 89th Regular
Senate Committee on Health and Human Services (Part I) Mar 5th, 2025
Health & Human Services
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm the CEO of New Horizons Ranch and Center. It's a 55-year-old nonprofit agency.
- The hemphill family who are... very fair, work out in the ranch, in the sun, and we didn't even sunburn
Keywords:
SB 502, Texas peace officers, Health and Human Services Commission, HHSC Office of Inspector General, OIG investigators, law enforcement classification, Schedule C, state employee benefits, injury benefits, peace officer status, commissioned officers, state auditor classification, Government Code, Code of Criminal Procedure, human services, health and human services, law enforcement compensation, public employee benefits, Texas state law enforcement, child welfare
FL
Florida 2026 Regular Session
FL House Floor Session - 2025-04-09 (1:00PM Session)
Florida House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Representative Connerly, House Bill 4021, a bill to be entitled an act relating to the North River Ranch
- House Bill 4021 amends the boundaries of the North River Ranch Improvement Stewardship District, which
- Representative Connerley, House Bill 4021, a bill to be entitled and act relating to the North River Ranch
- House Bill 4021 amends the boundaries of the North River Ranch Improvement Stewardship District, which
- Representative Connerly, House Bill 4021, a bill to be entitled an act relating to the North River Ranch
Summary:
The House convened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and a quorum present, then adopted the special order report and moved into a series of budget-related bills. The chamber first took up HB 5011/SB 2506 on environmental resource management and natural resources funding, where Democrats argued the bill would reduce recurring support for the Resilient Florida program, the Florida Wildlife Corridor, invasive species removal, and other conservation efforts. Supporters said the change would shift money from recurring to nonrecurring funding so the Legislature could reassess priorities each year and rely more on private-sector stewardship. After a strike-all amendment and conference posture change, SB 2506 passed 97-12. HB 5013, reducing state-funded property reinsurance reserves, passed 108-0, and HB 5501, redirecting documentary stamp tax distributions from housing and transportation trust funds into general revenue, passed 82-26 after extended debate over its impact on affordable housing and transportation funding.
The House also passed HB 5015 on state group insurance, which requires DMS to develop a formulary management system and was described as producing significant savings; members raised concerns about prescription access and implementation, but the bill passed 109-0. HB 5201 on state financial accounting and HB 5203 on the Capitol Center both passed unanimously, as did HB 5009, which creates a Florida Accountability Office and reorganizes audit functions. The chamber then passed HB 7031, a major sales tax reduction bill lowering the state sales tax rate and several related rates; supporters framed it as permanent relief for all Floridians, while opponents said property tax relief would be more meaningful and that the sales tax cut would also benefit tourists and out-of-state visitors. HB 7031 passed 112-0.
The House then began consideration of HB 501, the proposed fiscal year 2025-26 budget, totaling $112.9 billion and emphasizing reduced recurring spending and large reserves. Subcommittee chairs outlined their budget silos: K-12 education at $20.6 billion with teacher raises, school hardening, literacy, transportation stipends, and security funding for Jewish day schools; health care at $47 billion with full Medicaid and KidCare funding, opioid settlement spending, mental health beds, and senior services; transportation/economic development at $18.5 billion; agriculture and natural resources at $5.8 billion with reduced Everglades spending but continued water, resiliency, and land management funding; higher education at $8.7 billion; state administration at $2.9 billion; justice at $7.3 billion; and IT at $529 million for Florida PALM, FX, and other systems. Members then began questioning the K-12 budget, focusing on FEFP funding, proration, voucher growth, stabilization dollars, mental health and school safety funding, and whether districts would be held harmless under the proposed allocations.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Session Jun 21st, 2026 at 11:00 am
Massachusetts Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- One of my favorite places is Philmont Scout Ranch in New Mexico.
Summary:
The Senate convened for a ceremonial session centered on the annual scouting report to the Commonwealth and a recognition of April as Public Health Month under state law. The chamber welcomed scouts and adult leaders from across Massachusetts, with Senator Tarr introducing the program and recognizing flag bearers, the Pledge of Allegiance, the Scout Oath, and the Scout Law. A keynote address was delivered by Eagle Scout Jimmy Porrier, who highlighted scouting’s role in leadership development, community service, outdoor education, and conservation, and noted his own achievement of earning all 139 merit badges.
The annual scouting report, presented by Theodore Borden, summarized statewide scouting participation and service. The report cited 21,469 youth members, 10,236 adult volunteers, 10,461 youth participating in summer activities, 4,467 non-scouts served, 689 Eagle Scouts, 200,098 hours of community service, and 28,406 merit badges earned. Membership figures were also broken down by program, including Cub Scouts, Scouts BSA, Venturing, Sea Scouting, and Exploring.
After the report, Senator Collins moved that it be printed in the Senate Journal, and the motion was adopted without objection. The Senate then concluded the ceremonial proceedings, thanked the scouts and organizers, and adjourned to meet again on Thursday at 11:00 a.m.
MO
Missouri 2026 Regular Session
Agriculture Apr 28th, 2026
Agriculture, Food Production and Outdoor Resources
Transcript Highlights:
- that operate solely within 50 miles of the farm or just transport products to and from the owner's ranch
Summary:
The committee first met in executive session and approved Senate Substitute for Senate Bill 913 on a roll call vote of 16 ayes and 3 noes. The committee then opened a public hearing on Senate Bill 1033, presented by Senator Jason Bean. He said the bill would exempt certain older covered farm vehicles used in local farming operations from emissions inspection requirements, and would also ease permitting requirements for cotton gins by removing the need for air dispersion modeling in obtaining construction permits. He also noted the bill incorporated language from Senate Bill 953 to create an alternative funding stream for the state air pollution control program.
Witnesses in support included representatives of Missouri cotton producers, Missouri Farm Bureau, Infra, the Missouri Mining Association, the Missouri Concrete Association, the American Council of Engineering Companies, Missouri Forest Products, the Missouri Cattlemen’s Association, the Missouri Soybean Association, Associated Industries of Missouri, and the Missouri Corn Growers Association. Supporters generally argued that the farm vehicle exemption would reduce costly regulatory burdens on low-use farm vehicles, and that the cotton gin permitting changes would help Missouri cotton remain competitive with neighboring states and encourage in-state gin construction and expansion. Several witnesses also backed the air pollution control funding language, saying the program is important to permit holders and could become insolvent in fiscal year 2028.
Committee members asked questions about cotton gin services, the number of affected cotton farmers, and the details and fiscal impact of the proposed funding stream for the air pollution control program. A Department of Natural Resources representative confirmed the program is projected to become insolvent in FY 2028 and said she would follow up on some details. No witnesses appeared in opposition, and the hearing on Senate Bill 1033 was concluded without further action.
NM
New Mexico 2026 Regular Session
House - Chamber Meeting Feb 12th, 2026 at 11:20 am
New Mexico House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- And one of the rooms of the people who went to ranch is big our schools.
Bills:
HB111, HB108, HB145, HB164, HB291, HJR6, HR1, HB63, HB64, HB165, HB184, HB200, HB4, HB7, HB20, HB65, HB66, HB80, HB88, HB96, HB166, HB285, HB295, HB306, SB29, SB37, HJM2, HJM3, HJM1, HM7, HM17, HM4, HM22, HM23, HM24, HM26, HM2, HM16, HM32, HM13, HM47, HM20, HM51, HM1, HM31, HM35, HM36, HM46, HM53, HM54, HM11, HM14, HM21, HM34, HM50
Keywords:
water law, state engineer, civil penalty, compliance order, water rights, overdiversion, illegal diversion, groundwater storage and recovery, well license, permit violation, water enforcement, New Mexico water code, irrigation district, conservancy district, water diversion, unauthorized water sales, measuring device, district court appeal, water resources, water compliance
AZ
Transcript Highlights:
- with industry, learning, and innovation, for towns and neighborhoods rooted in history and hope, for ranches
Summary:
The Senate convened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, recorded attendance, approved the journal, and welcomed several guests, including the Doctor of the Day, Dr. Tammy Penhollow, as well as visitors from Republic Services, Copper Valley Energy, and a young guest shadowing Senator Bolick. The President also announced deadline extensions for opening Senate folders and bill introduction preparation, and the chamber received communications from the Governor without reading them aloud.
The main floor business was the reading and reference of a large number of Senate bills and resolutions to committees, covering topics such as education, taxation, water and natural resources, health care, behavioral health, public safety, elections, family law, immigration, transportation, and appropriations. The Senate also completed second reading of another extensive set of bills on issues including concealed weapons, nicotine products, rental housing, mental health, behavioral health, radiation protection, school safety, family courts, elections, and various appropriations and regulatory measures.
No bills were debated or voted on during this transcript. Standing committee reports were waived from reading, and committee announcements were made for upcoming meetings of Government, Health and Human Services, Regulatory Affairs and Government Efficiency, Education, Judiciary and Elections, and Public Safety. The Senate then adjourned until Wednesday, January 21, 2026, at 1:15 p.m.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Water, Parks, and Wildlife Committee Jun 17th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- Good morning, Madam Chair and members, Alfredo Redondo, on behalf of Irvine Ranch Water District, in
Summary:
The committee met without a quorum at first but proceeded with presentations and testimony. SB 31 by Senator McNerney would expand uses of tertiary treated recycled water, including for toilet and urinal flushing in food handling facilities, outdoor irrigation in certain settings, decorative lakes and ponds, and HOA common-area irrigation, while clarifying regulatory definitions and reducing the need for dual plumbing in some cases. The author and witness said the bill would help California reduce reliance on imported water and improve drought resilience. Multiple water agencies, cities, and related organizations testified in support, and no opposition was presented.
SB 650 by Senator Cabaldon would make technical changes to the Delta Stewardship Act, including setting an appeals timeline, clarifying who may file appeals, and adding a severability clause. The author and a county supervisor witness described it as a good-governance and due-process measure with no impact on Delta conveyance projects. Support came from water district and statewide water association representatives, and there was no opposition.
The committee also took up a consent calendar including AJR 9, SB 55, and SB 563, all of which were approved. Once a quorum was established, SB 650 was passed to the Judiciary Committee, and SB 31 was passed to the Environmental Safety and Toxic Materials Committee. The committee then adjourned after leaving the roll open briefly for additional members to vote.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- is a hub for modern day ranchers and cowboys and not only raise livestock, but also operate guest ranches
WY
Wyoming 2026 Regular Session
House Floor Session-Day 20, March 5, 2026-PM
Wyoming House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- And I handed out a little picture of a lovely ranch in my county just as a good example of this.
- <00:43:36.640>
in um a little picture of a lovely ranch in um a little picture of a lovely - The photo in the picture is a very famous ranch actually. It's up the Grove. Spectacular.
- It's up the famous ranch actually. It's up the Grove.<00:45:19.440>
Spectacular. Grove. - But that probably is something like a $240,000 tax break just for that lovely ranch.
CO
Colorado 2026 Regular Session
Colorado Senate 2026 Legislative Day 111 May 4th, 2026
Colorado Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- He said that his colleague from Highlands Ranch made some excellent points.
- He said that his colleague from Highlands Ranch made some excellent points.
- He said that his colleague from Highlands Ranch made some excellent points.
- Um, my colleague from Highlands Ranch, I think he brought up some great points.
- Um, my colleague from Highlands Ranch, Um, my colleague from Highlands Ranch, I<04:32:02.880>
think
Summary:
The Senate came to order, established a quorum, and approved the journal. It then took up several introductions and resolutions, including House Bill 1139 on artificial intelligence in healthcare and House Bill 1263 on requirements for conversational AI services, both referred to the Business, Labor, and Technology Committee. The chamber also moved out of order to consider resolutions and adopted Senate Joint Resolution 25, recognizing the 150th anniversary of the Colorado Mining Association and its role in Colorado’s history and economy. The resolution passed 34-0, and the current roll call was added as co-sponsors.
The Senate also adopted House Joint Resolution 1030, designating a portion of Colorado Highway 14 in Weld County as Mono and Matt Road in memory of Eduardo Mono Hernandez and Matthew Garcia. Supporters described the resolution as a tribute to the two Greeley Central High School student-athletes and to the community’s response after their 2014 deaths. The resolution passed 34-0, and the current roll call was added as co-sponsors.
Later, the Senate considered a gubernatorial appointment to the Transportation Commission: Juan Marano of Aurora, to represent the Third Transportation District. The appointment was confirmed on a 19-16 vote. The chamber then took up the third-reading consent calendar and passed House Bill 1235 on medical assistance updates, House Bill 1299 on reducing regulatory burdens on local education providers, and Senate Bill 175 on workers’ compensation experience modification factors. House Bill 1235 passed 31-4, House Bill 1299 passed 35-0, and Senate Bill 175 passed without recorded opposition.
On final passage, the Senate adopted a technical third-reading amendment to House Bill 113 on election law changes, then passed the bill 23-12 after debate over election-related vulnerabilities. It also passed House Bill 1346, allowing the Department of the Treasury to sell unsold insurance premium tax credits to non-insurance entities, by 23-12; House Bill 1252, updating state entities responsible for emergency response, by 33-2; House Bill 1010, increasing support for older adults in the workforce, by 23-12; and Senate Bill 177, concerning limited access to adjoining property for repairs, after extended debate in which Senator Kirkmeyer argued the measure infringed on private property rights and should be rejected.
HI
Hawaii 2025 Regular Session
WAM/FIN Joint Info Briefing - Fri Feb 14, 2025 @ 9:30 AM HST
Hawaii House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Okay, the Spirit Horse Ranch, the rehab hospital of the Pacific. Hi, we are here.
- the only acute inpatient rehab hospital in Hawaii and the entire Pacific region for over 70 years. ranch
- the rehab hospital of the ranch the rehab hospital of the Pacific<01:09:16.679>
hi <01:09:17.000 - Spirit Horse Ranch, not present. The Mediation Center of the Pacific, not present.
- not pres the mediation center of Ranch not pres the mediation center of the<03:32:42.279>
Pacific