Video & Transcript Research : 'offense'

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CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Public Safety Committee Mar 17th, 2026

Public Safety

Transcript Highlights:
  • And this, this, uh, You know, to the list of offenses.
  • Rehabilitation, circumstances, and gravity of the offense.
  • Adding additional offenses to this list will not benefit public safety.
  • lifelong consequence. 707B offenses are considered strikes.
  • A juvenile adjudication for a 707B offense, and in this case, an offense that may involve planning or
Keywords: 988, house, all
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Committee on Juvenile and Emerging Adult Justice Jun 21st, 2026 at 01:00 pm

Senate Committee on Juvenile and Emerging Adult Justice

Transcript Highlights:
  • Or when we look at it in terms of offense, then we... ...battery, that's a bad thing.
  • They come in, 60% of them are coming in for low-level offenses.
  • So obviously there will be certain very serious offenses which have to go into court.
  • offenses being up to 1 percent.
  • But as we see mid-level and low-level offenses, the type of offenses where diversion has been accepted
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The Senate Committee on Juvenile and Emerging Adult Justice held an informational hearing focused on diversion programs and services for high-risk youth, with no bills before the committee and no votes taken. The chair and members emphasized that the session was intended to hear from invited testimony and discuss how to strengthen diversion, reduce court involvement, and improve outcomes for youth. The committee heard first from the Office of the Child Advocate and diversion providers, who described the Massachusetts Youth Diversion Program, its statewide expansion to 10 of 11 court counties, and its reported success rate of about 80% completion without reoffending. Testimony highlighted that diversion keeps youth out of court, connects them more quickly to community-based services, and can address needs such as mental health, education, and substance use. Witnesses also pointed to racial and ethnic disparities in arrests versus summonses, regional variation in diversion access, and the need for clearer statutory authority, more funding, and broader use of pre-arrest diversion. Committee members asked about the difference between arrest and summons, who can initiate diversion, why arrest rates have increased relative to summonses, and how diversion might prevent harmful downstream consequences such as detention or immigration enforcement involvement. Witnesses said police, clerk magistrates, district attorneys, and judges can refer youth to diversion, and argued that local policy, training, and legislative changes could expand use. They also discussed the impact of detention on youth, including stigma, lost school time, and the lack of credit for time served in the juvenile system. Testimony from Citizens for Juvenile Justice focused on prevention, school discipline, and the school-to-prison pipeline, arguing for more restorative practices, better data, and legislation to limit suspensions and expulsions, especially for younger students and nonviolent conduct. They also raised concerns about DCF-involved and foster youth, who are disproportionately represented in the juvenile system. The final panel, the Children's League of Massachusetts and transition-age youth providers, shifted to child welfare and young adult supports. They supported reducing court involvement in child requiring assistance cases, expanding family resource centers, and strengthening services for transition-age youth leaving DCF or DYS custody. Providers described housing instability, homelessness, and the need for education, employment, behavioral health, and supportive housing services for young adults ages 18 to 23. Across the hearing, witnesses consistently argued that early intervention, community-based supports, and diversion are more effective than court processing or detention for most youth, and that the legislature can help through funding, statutory clarity, expanded eligibility, and stronger data collection.
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

02/11/2026 - House Judiciary

House Judiciary Committee of Reference

Transcript Highlights:
  • But that could be a different criminal offense. That's simply beyond the point.
  • But that could be a different criminal offense. That's simply beyond the point.
  • Is that actually—I'm sorry—is that actually a criminal offense or is that a civil offense?
  • , if they meet all statutory requirements, petty offenses were not included.
  • The offense done to a child under the age of 14 is lasting.
Summary: The committee heard several bills on criminal justice, public safety, and family law. HB 2047 would elevate trespass after service of a writ of restitution from third-degree to first-degree criminal trespass; the sponsor and a constables association representative said the current misdemeanor penalty is too low and discourages law enforcement response when former tenants refuse to leave. The bill passed with a do pass recommendation on a 6-2 vote. HB 2136, which creates offenses for civil terrorism and subversion, expands racketeering predicates, and increases penalties for certain coordinated disorderly conduct and highway obstruction, drew extensive debate. Supporters said it targets coordinated intimidation and violent disruption, while opponents from the ACLU, immigrant advocacy groups, and others argued it would criminalize protest and speech. The committee approved it 6-3 after a long exchange over whether it would apply to events like January 6th and Arizona protest incidents. HB 2970, a jurisdictional clarification for fraudulent schemes and artifices, would allow Arizona to prosecute even if not every act occurred in the state. The sponsor said it would help local law enforcement pursue mortgage fraud and similar cases that are currently referred elsewhere, while an opposition witness said existing law already covers the conduct and warned of forum shopping. The bill received a do pass recommendation on a 6-3 vote. HB 2411 would make it a class 2 felony to knowingly administer abortion-inducing drugs to a pregnant woman without her knowledge or consent and with intent to cause an abortion. Supporters framed it as a protection against coercion and reproductive abuse; opponents said the conduct is already criminalized and warned of unintended effects on access to care. It also passed 6-3. The committee also approved HB 2198, which would allow immediate sealing of petty offense records after sentence completion, with supporters calling it a cleanup measure to extend record-sealing relief to minor offenses. HB 2966, which would bar early termination of probation for dangerous crimes against children, prompted emotional testimony from a parent of an autistic son convicted in a child pornography case, along with opposition from attorneys and advocates who raised ex post facto, juvenile justice, and probation-resource concerns. The Maricopa County Attorney’s Office said the bill could raise constitutional and workload issues but might be amendable; the committee ultimately passed it 6-3. The final bill discussed, HB 2662, would tighten expert-evidence standards in parenting-time cases involving alleged domestic violence or abuse, requiring recognized expertise and empirically validated methods while excluding polygraphs and similar techniques; the sponsor described it as a narrow evidentiary safeguard for child-related custody disputes.
FL

Florida 2026 4th Special Session

February 5, 2026 - 09:00 AM

Transcript Highlights:
  • of the second degree, the second offense is a misdemeanor of the first degree, and the third offense
  • , a second offense as a misdemeanor of the first degree, and for the third offense is a felony of the
  • The first offense penalty to a misdemeanor of the first degree, second offense penalty to a felony of
  • It increases it from the current $500 to $2,500 for first offense, $5,000 for second offense, $7,500
  • for third and subsequent offenses.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
  • So it makes a lot more sense for the five-year limitation to begin when the offense is discovered and
  • So it makes a lot more sense for the five-year limitation to begin when the offense is discovered and
  • This limits the maximum term of imprisonment for misdemeanors, or for offenses punishable by up to, or
  • I'm sorry, to limit it to violent offenses. Violent crimes are defined in HRS 134-1.
  • So, eliminate it to violent offenses and a different effective date. Questions or concerns?
Keywords: 912, senate, all
Summary: The Judiciary Committee heard and acted on several nominations and bills. It first recommended advise and consent for Governor’s Message 573, confirming Luann Blake to the Statewide Elections Accessibility Needs Advisory Committee after she described her experience as a blind voter and her goals of improving outreach and accessibility for voters with print disabilities. The committee then took up the judiciary supplemental budget bill, HB 2095, with testimony from the courts and several supportive organizations. The courts requested funding for security, cybersecurity, substance use treatment contracts, public guardian services, staffing, and capital projects; members questioned the lump-sum CIP request, the substance use contract funding, and the Kamanu Hale elevator project. The committee later voted to pass HB 2095 with amendments, including changes to cybersecurity funding, security-related report language, and other committee-report notes. The committee also heard HB 1520, which changes the five-year statute of limitations for criminal prosecutions of campaign finance violations to begin upon discovery by the Campaign Spending Commission. The commission supported the bill, saying it would prevent delayed reporting from avoiding prosecution, while one senator raised concerns about due diligence, tolling, and the difference between administrative and criminal enforcement. The bill drew broad support from advocacy groups and was advanced with an amendment clarifying “criminal prosecution.” HB 1548, which reduces the maximum sentence for misdemeanors and other offenses punishable by up to one year to 364 days, received strong support from the Public Defender, immigrant-rights groups, OHA, and others, who said the change would reduce immigration consequences for noncitizens. The committee later amended and passed the bill, limiting it to non-violent offenses. HB 2050, increasing partial public financing limits and available public funds, was supported by the Campaign Spending Commission and good-government groups, while OHA asked for parity with lieutenant governor races. The committee passed it with amendments increasing the public-fund match and funding levels, and requested additional appropriations in the committee report. HB 2494, which would set factors for warrantless arrests for petty misdemeanors and violations and require documentation of the justification, drew strong support from the Public Defender and civil-liberties advocates but opposition from the Attorney General’s office, prosecutors, police, and some business groups, who warned it would restrict officer discretion and trigger litigation. The committee nevertheless passed it with amendments. In a final decision-making agenda, the committee also passed HB 2250 with amendments, adding blank appropriations and committee-report language related to claims against the state, including claims involving exonerees and a disputed USEPA-related claim.
WV
Transcript Highlights:
  • How's that different from a status offense, what you said just a minute ago?
  • So it seems like this status offense would not include truancy.
  • If there are other status offenses involved, yes. Okay.
  • Effective July 1st, 2026, no new petition for truancy as a status offense may be filed.
  • Every county has status offenses. They can address them as they see fit.
Keywords: 994, senate, all
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

Criminal Jurisprudence Apr 8th, 2025

Criminal Jurisprudence

Transcript Highlights:
  • So they will be held accountable for their offense.
  • Vandalism is not included in these offenses.
  • And it has to be for one of these offenses.
  • This is for non-criminal offenses.
  • It is not any felony offense. It's the 3G offenses and then escape or evading in a motor vehicle.
Summary: The committee first took up House Bill 2777 by Representative Rose, which would bar the death penalty for defendants who can prove by clear and convincing evidence that they had schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and active psychotic symptoms at the time of the offense. Rose said the bill would still hold defendants accountable through life without parole, would save money by avoiding lengthy capital litigation, and would address cases where severe mental illness was not adequately considered. Supporters from NAMI Texas, the Catholic bishops, and a forensic psychologist said the bill is narrowly tailored, consistent with neuroscience and moral principles, and would prevent executions of people whose psychosis substantially impaired reality testing. Committee members questioned how the bill interacts with existing competency and insanity law, whether the diagnosis is sufficiently defined, and whether the statute requires active psychosis at the time of the offense. An opponent argued the death penalty should remain available for juries to decide in all cases. The bill was left pending. The committee then heard House Bill 1221 by Representative Lozano, which would raise the cap on pretrial intervention program fees from $500 to $1,200. Lozano and a district attorney witness said the increase is needed because program costs have risen and the fees help make diversion programs self-sustaining, allowing first-time or low-level offenders to complete rehabilitation and potentially obtain expunction. Opponents from the Texas Fair Defense Project argued the higher fee could make diversion unaffordable for indigent defendants and undermine an important alternative to incarceration, especially where related supervision and monitoring costs already add up. Members discussed whether the fee applies only to PTI participants, how payment plans and waivers work, and whether ability to pay should be addressed more explicitly. The bill was left pending. Finally, the committee heard House Bill 1738 by Representative Jones, which would repeal Penal Code Section 21.06 and related Health and Safety Code references concerning homosexual conduct. Jones said the law is unconstitutional under Lawrence v. Texas, remains harmful on the books, and has led to confusion and unnecessary costs even though it is unenforceable. Supporters said the bill simply removes outdated language and protects civil liberties, while opponents from Texas Values argued the statute still serves as a statement that homosexual conduct is unacceptable and should remain as a warning, even if unenforceable. Members debated whether the law’s remaining language is merely symbolic or still harmful, and whether other criminal statutes already cover conduct such as prostitution, incest, and offenses involving minors. The bill was left pending after testimony.
NM

New Mexico 2026 Regular Session

House - Consumer and Public Affairs Jan 29th, 2026 at 02:04 pm

House Consumer & Public Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • It asks judges to take a look to see whether it's a violent offense.
  • Offense, a motion doesn't have to be filed.
  • is a nonviolent offense.
  • offenses would have a longer sentence than a first-degree offense.
  • And so what this bill does is just expands the criminal offenses.
Keywords: 996, all
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Criminal Justice May 22nd, 2025

Criminal Justice

Transcript Highlights:
  • It adds this new offense to the list of crimes ineligible for probation.
  • , and further enhancing it for repeat offenses and those involving child victims.
  • It relates to prosecution of the criminal offense of cruelty to livestock animals.
  • Members, although cruelty to livestock animals is a criminal offense, the offense does not include administering
  • So they could go with the lesser included offense, or...
Bills: HB75, HB108
Summary: The committee heard a series of criminal justice and public safety bills, with most measures focused on tougher penalties, victim protections, and procedural changes. Bills discussed included HB 75, requiring magistrates to make written findings when denying probable cause despite believing an arrestee committed an offense; HB 413, limiting pretrial detention so it cannot exceed the maximum jail term for the charged offense, with competency-related exceptions; HB 1422, expanding sexual assault survivor protections and increasing penalties for certain sexual offenses and voyeurism; HB 2073, increasing penalties for violating protective orders or bond conditions while armed; HB 2593, raising indecent assault penalties against elderly or disabled victims; HB 108, enhancing punishment when body armor is used during violent crimes; HB 3816, expanding cruelty-to-livestock offenses to include unlawful controlled-substance administration; HB 2854, requiring parole officers to notify hospitals or law enforcement when violent parolees visit hospital premises; HB 1871, increasing punishment for attempted capital murder of a peace officer and making such offenders ineligible for parole; HB 3463, clarifying notice methods in theft-of-service cases; HB 2348, allowing video-recorded depositions of elderly or disabled witnesses; HB 2594, expanding venue options for cybercrime and digital theft prosecutions; HB 2761, clarifying that children cannot be deemed to consent to prostitution-related offenses; HB 3185, authorizing administrative subpoenas in cybercrime investigations; HB 2017, increasing penalties for certain intoxication manslaughter cases involving undocumented immigrants with prior DWI convictions; HB 2306, making certain trafficking offenses ineligible for parole; HB 1607, allowing a rear-only license plate when a vehicle lacks a front bracket; HB 1828, creating a legislative leave pool for TDCJ correctional officers; and HB 3664, requiring prospective grand jurors to complete training and proposing additional changes to grand jury procedure in a future substitute. The committee also took up HB 3073, the Summer Willis Act, which would clarify consent in sexual assault law and address intoxication-related incapacity; the committee substitute narrowed the language to situations where the perpetrator knows the other person cannot consent because of intoxication or impairment, while removing withdrawal-of-consent and “reasonably should know” language from the House version. Several bills were laid out with committee substitutes adopted, including HB 3463, HB 2594, HB 3073, and HB 3073’s substitute, and most bills were left pending after no invited or public testimony or after hearing testimony. Public testimony was especially extensive on HB 3073, with survivors, advocates, and prosecutors supporting broader consent language, while some prosecutors said the substitute was an improvement but still favored the House version’s broader protections. HB 3664 drew significant opposition from district attorneys, who argued that mandatory transcription or recording of grand jury testimony would be costly, chill grand juror questioning, and complicate timely presentations; concerns were also raised about new-evidence requirements and grand jury shopping. No final votes were taken on the bills discussed in the transcript, and the committee recessed partway through to return to the floor before continuing its hearing.
WA

Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Floor Session Feb 17th, 2026 at 09:00 am

Washington House Floor Meeting

MN
Transcript Highlights:
  • gets one or two years on interlock, a third offense gets three years, and a fourth offense gets four
  • a third offense gets three interlock a third offense gets three years<00:03:58.400><c> a</c><00:03:58.519
  • ><c> years</c><00:04:01.360><c> but</c> years a fourth offense gets 4 years but years a fourth offense
  • Clearly, if someone has multiple offenses, they probably have an issue.
  • Clearly, if someone has multiple offenses, they probably have an issue.
Keywords: 919, house, all
Summary: House File 2130, sponsored by Representative Craft, was heard and amended before being re-referred to the Committee on Public Safety Finance and Policy. The bill responds to serious impaired-driving tragedies in St. Louis Park, including the Park Tavern crash, and aims to strengthen Minnesota’s ignition interlock requirements for repeat DWI offenders. Craft described the bill as based on data showing repeat-offender risk, arguing that current law’s look-back and interlock timelines are too limited and that the statute was also reorganized for clarity. The A1 amendment was adopted without objection. Craft explained that the amendment clarifies when the $680 license reinstatement fee must be paid: not before entering interlock, but before exiting the program, to reduce barriers to participation. He also said the bill would extend interlock requirements more aggressively for repeat offenders, expand the look-back period for prior offenses, and in some cases require treatment. He emphasized that interlock is intended to improve public safety and can support sobriety, while also acknowledging broader root-cause issues such as mental health and addiction. Testimony in support came from St. Louis Park Mayor Nadia Mohamad, Police Chief Brian Cruy, and Methodist Hospital President Jennifer Meister. They said the bill would help address gaps in current law, better account for prior offenses, and potentially prevent future tragedies. Some members raised concerns about whether the bill was a reaction to tragedy and about addressing underlying causes of impaired driving, while others supported the measure and noted the need for broader transportation and treatment options. After discussion, the committee voted to re-refer HF 2130 to Public Safety Finance and Policy, and the motion prevailed.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Judiciary and Public Safety - 04/28/25

Judiciary and Public Safety

Transcript Highlights:
  • So this would capture more people who have repeat offenses and then have a longer duration between offenses
  • Um, longer history um of DWI offenses.
  • Uh but who have a a firsttime offense.
  • duration between offenses uh but longer duration between offenses uh but then<00:05:44.400><c> do</c
  • Um, and it's not that serious an offense.
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
TX

Texas 89th Regular

89th Legislative Session Apr 7th, 2025

Texas House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • HB 5170 by Letterback, relating to community supervision and parole for certain felony offenses where
  • HB 5170 by Letterback, relating to community supervision and parole for certain felony offenses where
  • HB 5170 by Letterback, relating to community supervision and parole for certain felony offenses where
  • HB 5170 by Letterback, relating to community supervision and parole for certain felony offenses where
  • HB5337 by Isaac relates to criminal offenses and is referred to the Committee on Elections.
Keywords: 1184, house, all
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • The Subcommittee on New Offenses and Changed Penalties will come to order.
  • It cost us $1,400,744 for a misdemeanor offense.
  • Article 62-102C does not enhance the offense; it enhances the punishment.
  • Mine would be much like carjacking, which was made into its own offense.
  • In that gradual change, people seem to take high offense to low-degree things, and in taking high offense
Keywords: 1184, house, all
HI

Hawaii 2025 Regular Session

RM 329 Conference PM - Thu Apr 24, 2025

Hawaii House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • It says that sexual offense is an offense that is, basically, just adds to the end and also excludes
  • of sexual offense to include additional<03:01:36.720><c> sexual</c><03:01:37.399><c> offenses</c><03
  • c> covered</c><03:01:47.359><c> offense</c><03:01:47.680><c> was</c> apply when the covered offense was
  • </c><03:02:37.600><c> is</c> that it's to read it's sexual offense is that it's to read it's sexual offense
  • is an<03:02:38.160><c> offense</c><03:02:38.560><c> that</c> an offense that an offense that is<03:02
Keywords: 910, house, all
WV
Transcript Highlights:
  • How's that different from a status offense, what you said just a minute ago?
  • So it seems like this status offense would not include truancy.
  • If there are other status offenses involved, yes. Okay.
  • Effective July 1, 2026, no new petition for truancy as a status offense may be filed.
  • Every county has status offenses. They can address them as they see fit.
Keywords: 994, senate, all
Summary: The committee first approved the minutes from its prior meeting and then took up House Bill 5537, a bill to repeal several obsolete or outdated code sections. Counsel explained that the bill would remove provisions related to professional development, a behavioral interventionist pilot program, county lists of facilities for child daycare, and high school graduation rates, with a proposed amendment adding another outdated education code section from 1923. The committee adopted the amendment and reported HB 5537 to the full Senate with a recommendation that it do pass as amended. The committee then considered House Bill 4656, which would shift truancy policy toward chronic absenteeism and earlier intervention. Counsel said the committee substitute would replace punitive status-offense treatment with wraparound services, student support specialists, and a new child-in-need-of-supervision process, while also ending compulsory attendance at age 18 and removing criminal penalties for 18-year-olds. Members questioned how the new thresholds would work, including the role of attendance directors, prosecutors, judges, and the Department of Human Services, and whether the bill would change current diversion funding or court authority. Witnesses from Fayette County, Greenbrier County, and Taylor County largely opposed the bill or urged caution. The Fayette County attendance director said current truancy procedures, including school-based probation and court involvement, help secure family participation and services, and warned that removing the status offense would weaken enforcement. A Greenbrier County probation officer said diversion programs are effective and that court involvement often leads to needed services. A Taylor County juvenile prosecutor said status-offense jurisdiction gives courts meaningful leverage and flexibility, and asked that counties be allowed to keep existing approaches that work locally. After testimony, the committee voted to report HB 4656 to the full Senate without recommendation and with a recommendation that it be re-referred to the Committee on Education, then adjourned.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • The offenses include murder, capital murder, different types of capital murder, aggravated kidnapping
  • a child, aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, and there are all kinds of forms of aggravated offenses
  • In the year 2024 in Texas, this is statewide, there were 30,764 people processed just for those offenses
  • They give the judges discretion, and they are again just for the most serious offenses.
  • And even some who have been out on bond have committed a violent offense listed in SJR 87.
Bills: SB3073, SJR87
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • There's just a the new offense.
  • We look at the nature of the offense.
  • And all cases where traffic offense.
  • </c> criminal offenses criminal offenses and<01:02:27.440><c> any</c><01:02:28.240><c> reasonably</c>
  • </c><01:32:04.000><c> or</c> aside if it was for a minor offense or aside if it was for a minor offense
Summary: The committee first established a quorum, approved the minutes from the November 7, 2024 meeting, and then heard an update on disaster response and courthouse recovery efforts after the April flooding. Representatives from the Administrative Office of the Courts, the Franklin County Circuit and District Court Clerk’s office, and the Franklin Circuit Court described damage in Perry, Hardin, and especially Franklin counties. Perry County had limited roof and water infiltration issues with no operational impact. Hardin County’s justice center basement took about 18 inches of water, affecting court records and mechanical/electrical equipment, and court operations were briefly suspended. Franklin County’s courthouse was far more severely damaged, with about four feet of water on the first floor, forcing relocation of court operations to temporary sites, including AOC space and the regional jail for custody proceedings. Witnesses said damaged files from Hardin and Franklin counties were removed, sent to an out-of-state vendor for drying and remediation, and would be returned or destroyed as appropriate. They estimated combined costs for file restoration, building repair, and remediation at about $11 million, with insurance through KCOJ/KO expected to cover only part of the losses and FEMA reimbursement still pending a federal disaster declaration. They also said the Franklin County courthouse’s first floor remains gutted, electrical panels and HVAC systems need major replacement, and the second and third floors may be used temporarily once power and data are restored. Members asked about roof damage in Hardin County, the status of FEMA applications, digitization of court records, and whether Senate Bill 25 restricted funds could be used to cover the funding gap; staff said the funds cannot be spent without General Assembly authorization. The committee also discussed broader record-retention and e-filing issues, with members noting the limits of paper filing and the need for better digitization as a backup in emergencies. AOC staff said they are working with the Supreme Court and state law librarian on what records can be digitized and how long hard copies must still be retained. After the disaster-response presentation, the committee moved on to a separate informational presentation on pre-trial services, with introductions from the executive officer of pre-trial services, the president of the Kentucky District Judges Association, a circuit judge, and the manager of pre-trial services, who began explaining how the pre-trial system works for newer committee members.
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

02/11/2026 - House Judiciary

Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:
  • Chairman, members, House Bill 2047 enhances the offense to first-degree criminal trespass if a person
  • But that could be a different criminal offense. That's simply beyond the point.
  • Is that actually, I’m sorry, is that actually a criminal offense or is that a civil offense?
  • , if they meet all statutory requirements, petty offenses were not included.
  • The offense done to a child under the age of 14 is lasting.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • The subcommittee on new offenses and change penals will come to order.
  • It cost us $1,40744 for a misdemeanor offense.
  • Article 62102c does not enhance the offense, it enhances the punishment.
  • Mine would be much like Carjacking, which was made into its own offense category.
  • offense, the move to violence seems to be happening quicker and quicker over time.