Transcript Highlights:

• opinion of the Kentucky Bar Association opinion of the Kentucky Bar Association that<00:51:09.119
• We've made several concessions in working with the Justice Association, the chiropractors association
• , and the PT's association.
• <01:57:43.199> association.
• association, and the PT's association. association, and the PT's association.

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The House convened with a quorum, approved the journal, excused absent members, and suspended rules to allow co-sponsorship and vote modifications. The Senate reported passage of Senate Bills 52 and 124, and several House committees reported favorable action on bills including HB 1, HB 2, HB 94, HB 246, HB 282, HB 299, HB 307, HB 519, HB 613, and HB 648. Most of those measures were ordered to first reading and placed on the calendar; HB 1 and HB 307 were sent to the Rules Committee after having had two previous readings. The House then recessed briefly before returning to the orders of the day. The chamber took up HB 568, relating to public adjusters. The sponsor explained that the bill would prohibit new public adjuster licenses, allow current licensees to renew, impose conflict-of-interest and contract requirements, set a 5% fee cap, and bar public adjusters from negotiating claims, citing consumer protection concerns and legal opinions about the practice of law. After debate and a brief explanation of vote from a member citing local storm-related abuses, the House voted on roll call and passed HB 568 with one nay vote. The House then considered HB 1, which would opt Kentucky into the federal education freedom tax credit program. Supporters said it would allow private donations to scholarship-granting organizations to benefit Kentucky students without using state general funds, and argued it could help public, private, and homeschool families with education-related expenses. Opponents criticized the speed of the process, warned it could open the door to vouchers and charters, and argued it would mainly benefit wealthier donors while public schools remain underfunded. Members also questioned the bill’s waiver of 11th Amendment immunity and received explanations that the waiver was limited to federal-court jurisdiction over the federal program and would not create individual liability for state actors. A motion to table the bill failed with 19 votes in favor, and debate continued.

Transcript Highlights:

• Paul teachers to get them, uh, to matching, uh, so that, uh, teachers across the board are, um, uh, you
• Paul teachers.
• <00:05:01.919> But,<00:05:02.080> these teachers, St. Paul teachers.
• But, these teachers, St. Paul teachers.
• Paul teachers weren't left out.

Keywords: 919, house, all

Summary: House File 4074, the second engrossment of the retirement bill, was presented as a broad pension package with changes affecting multiple public retirement systems. Rep. Lilly described provisions including bringing St. Paul teachers closer to parity with TRA, reducing the COLA waiting period for police and fire retirees from two years to one, lowering the retirement age for certain probation, corrections, and 911 telecommunicator workers from 60 to 55, addressing a State Board of Investments fix, and creating or continuing work on Secure Choice and other retirement-related issues. Members also noted help for volunteer firefighters, EMS-related workers, and a local fix for Maple Plain’s volunteer fire system. The bill was repeatedly described as bipartisan and the product of successful working groups and negotiations with the Senate. Several members spoke in support, emphasizing the importance of public pensions, the impact of inflation on retirees, and the value of the bill’s targeted improvements for workers who are often not covered by Social Security. Rep. Johnson, Rep. Hill, Rep. Vega, Rep. Robbins, Rep. Cha, and others praised the work of the pension commission, staff, and the co-chairs. They highlighted the St. Paul teachers changes, the police and fire COLA adjustment, and the bill’s efforts to honor promises made to public employees. Some members also pointed to the importance of work groups as a way to develop better long-term solutions. The main point of debate centered on the duty disability amendment, which would have addressed disability issues for first responders. Supporters said the issue is serious and needs a work group solution rather than piecemeal changes, while Rep. Johnson and others warned that the proposal could create problems by treating psychological injuries differently from physical injuries. Rep. Roach said the body should not have passed the prior law and urged a fix for disabled law enforcement and first responders. After discussion, Rep. Lilly withdrew the A3 amendment. Earlier technical amendments A9 and A10 were adopted by voice vote, with members noting they were non-substantive and intended to keep House and Senate language identical and avoid a conference committee. The bill then moved to third reading as amended, with members urging a green vote.

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm excited that they are focusing in part on ensuring that special education teachers are thoroughly
• My name is Whitney Holland, President of the American Federation of Teachers New Mexico.
• The Regional Education Cooperatives Association does not stand in opposition to Senate Bill 64.
• as a member of the New Mexico Association for the Gifted.
• I'm the vice president of government affairs for the New Mexico Oil and Gas Association.

Bills: SB64, SB19, SB44, SB83

Keywords: special education, office of special education, deputy secretary, public education department, IEP, individualized education program, students with disabilities, IDEA, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, dyslexia, dyslexia screening, structured literacy, reading intervention, multilayered system of supports, MTSS, student assistance team, free appropriate public education, FAPE, special education compliance, charter schools

Transcript Highlights:

• <00:10:10.959> of today the Mississippi Association of today the Mississippi Association of
• If y'all would teachers, and parents.
• students here, including our teacher students here, including our teacher Chris<00:11:12.480>
• , school board, and some our teachers, school board, and some our teachers, Mandy<00:11:19.760>
• <00:11:46.399> and<00:11:46.640> Miss teachers, Miss Carly Merritt and Miss teachers

Keywords: MS Senate Floor - 14 January, 2026; 10:00 AM, 925, all

Summary: The Senate convened with a quorum present, received an invocation from Brother Justin Cheney of Cedar Grove Baptist Church, and then adopted routine motions to dispense with the reading of the journal, committee reports, and the titles of bills and resolutions. Several guests were introduced and welcomed, including Dr. Brianna Herd Pinho and a student shadowing her, multiple mayors and local officials from around the state, and several groups of gifted students, teachers, and parents visiting the chamber. The main item of business was Senate Bill 2016, which creates the Mississippi Department of Tourism. The bill transfers tourism-related powers, duties, property, contracts, staff, and obligations from the Mississippi Development Authority’s tourism division to the new department effective July 1, 2026. It also establishes an executive director, authorizes grant programs and tourism promotion efforts, creates a state treasury fund for the department, and forms a Mississippi Tourism Association Marketing Advisory Board. The bill’s sponsor said the change would better support an industry that brings significant revenue and goodwill to the state and requested passage by use of the morning roll call. No objections were raised, and the bill passed. Afterward, the Senate completed its calendar and moved to announcements. Senator Frasier announced a 3:30 p.m. meeting of the community colleges and workforce subcommittee of Appropriations, and Senator Younger noted a Highways and Transportation meeting after adjournment. The presiding officer also reported that about 1,128 bills had been filed for drafting, with roughly 300 already allocated, and the Senate then agreed to stand in recess until 5:00 p.m. or until the last committee report was filed, with the journal to reflect adjournment until 10:00 a.m. the next day.

Transcript Highlights:

• Florida Parent Teacher Association, Karen Mazzola, waves in support.
• In your closing, can you talk about how that teacher endorsement is a cost on the teachers?
• Karen Mazzulo with the Florida Parent Teacher Association is waving in support.
• Karen Mazzulo with the Florida Parent Teacher Association is waving in support.
• Florida Parent Teacher Association, Karen Mazzola, waving in support, and Barb Tepke.

Summary: The committee heard and advanced several education-related measures. CS/SB 1062 on speech and debate, sponsored by Senator Brodeur, was amended with a delete-all and rewritten to create a Speech and Debate Hall of Fame, designate Florida Speech and Debate Week, authorize a teacher endorsement and FLVS institute, direct statewide coursework and credentials, and require annual district reporting. Supporters, including parents, the Florida Debate Initiative, and school representatives, praised the bill’s funding and statewide expansion of debate opportunities. The committee adopted the amendment and reported the bill favorably. The committee also heard and reported favorably SB 1718 on educator preparation and certification, which aims to reduce administrative delays for initial certification and reinstatement while maintaining standards; an Orange County school administrator suggested adding language to allow educators to bank professional learning hours. SB 1646 on educational facilities was presented as revising the funding formula and priorities for school capital projects, with added attention to safety, maintenance, and planning, and it was reported favorably. CS/SB 564 on student volunteers at polling locations was amended to clarify that pre-registered or registered high school students may volunteer at polling places and count the hours toward graduation or postsecondary financial aid; election officials and civic groups supported the bill, and it was reported favorably. SB 1340 on coordinated screening and progress monitoring was also reported favorably. It requires school districts to screen students for characteristics of dyslexia and dyscalculia, place identified students on support plans, and use evidence-based interventions, with the sponsor emphasizing early identification and intervention. The committee then recommended confirmation of Laila Collins to the State Board of Education, and the meeting concluded after a birthday recognition and adjournment.

Transcript Highlights:

• <00:43:26.720> We teacher graduates or te increase. We teacher graduates or te increase.
• uninccorporated nonprofit associations. uninccorporated nonprofit associations.
• unincorporated nonprofit association. unincorporated nonprofit association.
• associations to at least 100 members. associations to at least 100 members.
• the little child said to the teacher. the little child said to the teacher. >> Yeah.

Keywords: 1136, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• <00:01:27.600> High teachers from Frederick Douglas High teachers from Frederick Douglas High
• increase provided to classroom teachers increase provided to classroom teachers in<00:03:15.519>
• transparency, support teacher transparency, support teacher recruitment<00:04:18.160> and
• And I applaud all of those teachers.
• associated therewith. associated therewith. >> Absolutely.

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The committee first heard Senate Bill 2, sponsored by Senator Julie Rocky Adams, which would prohibit school administrators from receiving a percentage pay increase greater than the average percentage increase given to classroom teachers in the same district. Supporters said the bill is intended to keep teacher pay from falling behind, promote fairness and transparency, and preserve local control through existing waiver options. Senators Thomas, Higdon, Givens, Neal, Williams, and others generally supported the bill, while Senator Meredith raised concerns about unintended consequences for rural districts and the ability to retain principals and other talent quickly enough through the waiver process. The sponsor and others responded that the waiver process is standardized and expedited, and that normal raises would not be affected. SB 2 was adopted unanimously with favorable expression. The committee then took up Senate Bill 4 on school leadership, with a committee substitute changing a reference from the Kentucky Chamber of Commerce to the Kentucky Chamber Foundation. Senator West explained that the bill is designed to create a coordinated five-year principal leadership pipeline, based on research suggesting that school leadership is a major factor in teacher retention and school success. The first two years would be KDE-run foundational training and mentorship, followed by a gap year, then a public-private partnership year with the Chamber/Truist program, and finally a fifth year of advanced training through approved providers such as Western Kentucky University or KASA. West said the goal is to extend principals’ tenure and improve leadership quality statewide. Ashley Watts of the Kentucky Chamber of Commerce testified that the Chamber Foundation has run the Leadership Institute for School Principals since 2011, sending 641 principals from 112 counties through the program at a business-funded cost of more than $4.4 million. She said the program has reached about 3 million students and produces measurable school improvement. Henderson County Superintendent Bob Lawson said the program has been valuable in his district and emphasized the heavy workload and leadership demands placed on principals. The discussion continued with testimony about the importance of principal leadership and the need to invest in it, but no final vote on SB 4 was reached in the portion provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• I am very much a teacher person. Like teachers are better than computers, right?
• We pay for every teacher to get TESOL endorsed in language. That's a language arts teacher.
• I firmly believe in teacher, individual teacher.
• Uh, that's who we are up here, either retired teachers or wannabe teachers or school board members, etc
• And we as teachers, we as teachers of teachers need to understand that so that we can help those children

Transcript Highlights:

• teacher uh Kelvin Fraser. Luca Fatuiasi. teacher uh Kelvin Fraser. Luca Fatuiasi.
• Just gallery who's a teacher at Myemai.
• <00:26:34.200> Counselor School Counselor Association Counselor School Counselor Association
• teacher Mr. Max Kunishiro. teacher Mr. Max Kunishiro. Please<00:28:50.240> stand.
• Pearl City-Waipahu Complex Area Teacher of the Year.

Bills: HB1576, HB2490, HB1546, HB1588

Keywords: HB1576, Hawaii film industry, DBEDT, BLNR, Department of Business Economic Development and Tourism, Board of Land and Natural Resources, film permits, motion picture production, television production, commercial filming, digital media tax credit, film production tax credit, public notice, transparency, state lands, film studio, land set-aside, revocable permit, memorandum of agreement, memorandum of understanding

Transcript Highlights:

• I was also a teacher for seven years.
• I was also a teacher for seven years.
• And I'm representing the California Library Association.
• Existing law ensures that teachers receive due process.
• Existing law ensures that teachers received due process.

Summary: The committee first heard SB 998, which would clarify and expand school discrimination prevention coordinator roles, including new coordinators focused on disability and anti-AAPI discrimination. The author and supporters said the bill would strengthen school climate, provide clearer guidance and training, and help schools address discrimination before it escalates. Support came from education, civil rights, and LGBTQ+ groups, while some witnesses expressed support if amended but raised concerns about gubernatorial appointments and preferred civil service hiring. Several senators debated whether the bill duplicated existing protections and whether it diverted attention from academic priorities, but the chair and coauthors emphasized it as follow-up legislation tied to prior civil rights commitments. The committee voted SB 998 out on a due pass motion to the Senate Judiciary Committee, and the bill was placed on call. The committee then took up SB 1082, which would streamline inter-district transfer appeals by requiring faster district action, concurrent review, and clearer notice when applications are incomplete. The author and sponsor said families often face long delays and inconsistent practices, and supporters argued the bill would improve fairness and reduce administrative burden without changing local approval authority. The California School Boards Association had an oppose-unless-amended position but said it was re-evaluating after amendments, and some other groups said they were removing opposition. The committee approved the bill on a due pass as amended motion to the Senate Appropriations Committee and placed it on call. Next, the committee heard SB 960 on community college baccalaureate degrees. The author argued the bill would create a statewide framework allowing community colleges to offer bachelor’s degrees in unmet workforce areas when CSU programs are unavailable or effectively inaccessible because of impaction, while also limiting growth so community colleges do not drift from their core mission. Supporters said the bill would expand access for place-bound students and align with workforce needs, while CSU and faculty opponents warned it could duplicate programs, affect faculty jobs, and worsen pressure on the CSU system. Members debated the master plan, impaction, funding inequities, and whether the bill would siphon students from CSU. The committee ultimately moved SB 960 out on a due pass as amended motion to the Senate Appropriations Committee, and the bill was placed on call. Finally, Senator Blakespear presented SB 965, which would make it easier for 16- and 17-year-olds to obtain public library cards without a parent or guardian physically present. The author and her son described inconsistent local rules and said the bill would reduce barriers while preserving local library policies on checkout and liability. The transcript ended during testimony on SB 965, before any committee vote or further action was recorded.

Transcript Highlights:

• Currently, when individuals become CTE teachers, they are eligible to receive up to 2 years of service
• Additionally, we believe it is equally important that those becoming Texas teacher certified in areas
• We We show you registered as Robin Painovich on behalf of Career and Technical Association of Texas,
• Many CTE teachers come from the workforce with work experience, tradespeople, technicians, engineers,
• Penzic we show you registered as Ray Penzick on behalf of yourself and Agriculture Teachers Association

Transcript Highlights:

• So give that exposure, and as well as kind of bring in teachers, we're trying to bring in teachers on
• So give that exposure, and as well as kind of bring in teachers, we're trying to bring in teachers on
• So this law basically says a teacher may appeal.
• So this law basically says a teacher may appeal the decision of the TSEC, with the proviso that the teacher
• harmed, or the potential teacher was harmed.

Keywords: 974, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• <00:08:18.319> and happily a first grade teacher and happily a first grade teacher and somebody
• prep programs but not only our teacher prep programs but our<00:19:20.799> teachers<00:19:21.600
• Association of Business Officials.
• <01:05:41.440> at high school social studies teacher at high school social studies teacher
• <01:27:53.440> our ...allows teacher prep, not our teachers, our teacher prep programs, to

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• Okay, but currently can't teachers' unions, when a teacher says, hey, I don't want to be a part of the
• So I have had teachers.
• We have to leave teachers alone.
• But I just, let's not take the teachers and say, oh, we're not on the side of the teachers.
• If the teachers aren't asking for it, and we're saying that the teachers are already doing it, but if

Keywords: 965, house, all

Summary: The House Committee on Labor and Industrial Relations met for its final meeting of the 2026 session and took up SB 312 by Senator Talbot, a bill concerning labor organizations, employee dues and fees, withdrawal from unions, annual notice requirements, and related reporting and notification provisions. The committee first adopted a technical amendment set, then debated a larger amendment set that shifted the cease-withholding request to the employer, required electronic confirmation, placed certain administrative costs on the labor organization, and added language about employer notification and authorization procedures. Members discussed whether the bill was needed, whether employees already have the ability to opt out, and whether the amendments would create confusion or unnecessary bureaucracy. Supporters said the bill protects employee choice and ensures dues stoppage happens at the nearest payroll period; opponents argued the added language was unclear and burdensome. The committee also adopted a separate technical amendment adding mass transit employees to the list of exemptions. Testimony came from the bill author and several stakeholders. Senator Talbot said the bill is meant to ensure workers know they do not have to join a union, can revoke dues authorizations, and can stop deductions without waiting for a fixed annual window. Representative Eccles defended the amendments as employee protections and a way to shift administrative costs away from taxpayers. Jim Patterson of LABI supported the amendments, saying they protect public employers and taxpayers from administrative costs. After the amendments were adopted on a roll call vote, union representatives Matt Wood of the Louisiana AFL-CIO, Peter Robbins-Brown of the AFL-CIO, and Larry Carter of the Louisiana Federation of Teachers and School Employees testified in opposition to the amended bill, saying they had worked in good faith on a simpler opt-in/opt-out framework and objected to the new cost and bureaucracy provisions. Several members also spoke in favor of the bill as a matter of freedom of choice and employee control over paycheck deductions. At the end of debate, Representative Wilder moved to report SB 312 with amendments. The motion passed on a roll call vote, and the bill was reported from committee with amendments. The committee then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• Student Aid Commission, while the Student Teacher Stipend is the Commission on Teacher Credentialing's
• I'm here to talk about the importance of teacher residency programs and the Golden State Teacher Grant
• workforce, including the Teacher Residency Grant Program, the Student Teacher Stipend Program, and the
• Golden State Teacher Grant.
• Golden State Teacher Grant.

Summary: The Senate Budget Subcommittee on Education heard the Governor’s proposals on dual enrollment, reading difficulty screeners, special education, school facilities, and Commission on Teacher Credentialing programs. On dual enrollment, the Department of Finance described a $100 million one-time Proposition 98 investment to expand the Dual Enrollment Opportunities Grant Program, along with changes to make regional occupational centers eligible, add funding for justice-involved youth, prioritize higher-need LEAs, support teacher professional development, and reduce daily instructional minute requirements for some dual enrollment students. The LAO recommended rejecting the new funding as not clearly addressing implementation barriers, while CDE supported the proposal and suggested reserving $10 million for technical assistance. Committee members and public commenters generally supported the expansion, with some asking for technical assistance and broader access, including adult dual enrollment. The committee also reviewed a $40 million one-time Proposition 98 proposal for reading difficulty screener implementation and related trailer bill language that would require screening after 91 school days for kindergarten and 46 school days for grades 1-2. Finance said the timing was intended to reduce over-identification and align with evidence from preliminary data; the LAO recommended rejecting the funding and redirecting it to a discretionary block grant. CDE supported the funding and the general approach but acknowledged the need for local support and training. Several committee members and public witnesses raised concerns that the proposed timing restrictions were too rigid and could delay early intervention, while others supported the delay as a way to improve accuracy and avoid misidentification. For special education, Finance proposed ongoing Proposition 98 increases to adjust for COLA and enrollment changes and to raise the statewide special education base rate to $99 per ADA, equalizing rates across SELPAs. The LAO said the proposal should be adopted but estimated it could be funded for less than the Governor’s figure. CDE and multiple local education representatives strongly supported the increase, citing rising special education enrollment, cost pressures, and large local funding gaps. The committee also heard a brief overview of the school facilities proposal, which continues $1.5 billion in Proposition 2 bond funding for the School Facility Program; OPSC reported significant remaining bond authority but also substantial pending demand, and explained that natural disaster school rebuilding draws from the broader new construction and modernization pools. Finally, the committee reviewed Commission on Teacher Credentialing proposals, including the already-funded $300 million Student Teacher Stipend Program, new state operations resources for misconduct investigations and grant administration, and a $250 million one-time continuation of the Teacher Residency Grant Program. CTC said its grants management system is ready and that it expects better data tracking; public testimony broadly supported the educator workforce investments and urged continued funding for the Golden State Teacher Grant Program and additional support for rural and leadership pipeline programs. No votes were taken, and the hearing adjourned after public testimony.

Transcript Highlights:

• I could also add retention of teachers as well.
• of teachers.
• It'sul Gutierrez with the California Association of Food Banks.
• I'll associate myself with the comments made by Ms.
• Quaritan with the Association of California School Administrators.

Summary: The committee heard a series of budget proposals focused on education finance, with repeated questions about whether the state’s investments are coordinated, targeted to the highest-need students, and likely to produce measurable results. On the first item, the administration proposed $1 million for a study of California’s curriculum framework, standards, and instructional materials process, plus $250,000 for supplemental ELA/ELD guidance. CDE and Finance said the study would examine how other states organize standards, frameworks, and adoptions, while the chair and members questioned why California has gone so long without updating some standards, what the study would actually accomplish, and whether the proposal was too vague to justify the cost. The issue was held open. The committee then took up a proposed $25 million statewide literacy network within the system of support. CCEE and CDE said the network would coordinate multiple existing literacy leads, create a clearinghouse of evidence-based resources, and improve coherence across the state’s many literacy initiatives. Members pressed on how a one-time, five-year allocation could support a long-term system, how the work would reach distressed and rural districts, and whether the proposal would translate into classroom change rather than just another layer of coordination. The issue was also held open. Next, the committee reviewed a $500 million proposal to expand literacy coaches and reading specialists and to create a math coaches program. CDE described the existing literacy coach cohorts as producing positive reports from participating LEAs, while the LAO recommended modifications, especially for the math coach portion, including limiting eligibility to elementary schools, setting minimum grant amounts, directing funds to eligible school sites, and making eligibility automatic rather than application-based. Members focused on whether coaches were actually being placed at the schools with the greatest need and whether the state has a coherent long-term strategy for literacy and math investments. The committee also heard a $40 million proposal for training and implementation of K-2 reading difficulty screeners, which the LAO said was reasonable but could be reduced because $25 million had already been provided for training; CDE said the new funds were needed for full implementation, procurement, and sustainability. Finally, the committee heard a $10 million proposal for a developmentally appropriate TK multilingual learner screener, with CDE explaining why the preschool language-identification process is different from K-12 EL assessment and the chair asking staff to explore whether a single, more consistent approach could be developed. The meeting concluded with a presentation on universal school meals and kitchen infrastructure, including a $31.5 million backfill, an $84.1 million increase for projected meal growth, a COLA adjustment, and $150 million for kitchen upgrades and training to support freshly prepared meals.

Transcript Highlights:

• Paul public school teacher, a middle school teacher, come to my office, um, just out of desperation last
• helping our students and our teachers. helping our students and our teachers.
• <00:06:34.400> On Minnesota Sheriff's Association. On Minnesota Sheriff's Association.
• Um, I am a teacher. I have been a teacher for 25 years and more.
• Um, I am a teacher. I Becca Thompson. Um, I am a teacher.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Is it just for teachers? Is it for teachers and staff?
• This is a group of folks who have been working on teacher residencies, higher ed, as well as teacher
• most teachers.
• whether those are new teachers or existing teachers who just need additional support.
• school teachers.

Keywords: 996, all

Transcript Highlights:

• > boards Association.
• boards Association Association.
• Educators across the state so teachers Educators across the state so teachers all<02:01:32.480><
• this was many years ago I had a teacher this was many years ago I had a teacher call<02:15:58.119
• <02:31:53.800> administrators Public School teachers administrators Public School teachers

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• From their form information, either teachers, current teachers, current students, or elected officials
• This is a hard time to be a teacher.
• But this is exactly what the Massachusetts Teachers Association is doing.
• That's why the current atmosphere within the Massachusetts Teachers Association has been so difficult
• Luckily, I was the teacher.

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The meeting focused on the commission’s work addressing antisemitism in Massachusetts, including security, education, victim services, and legal responses. A major presentation came from former federal prosecutor Eric O’Sham, who described the 2018 Tree of Life synagogue shooting in Pittsburgh, the attack’s planning and execution, the 11 victims killed, the defendant’s white supremacist and antisemitic online activity, the federal prosecution, and the long aftermath for the victim community. Commissioners asked about prevention, radicalization online, security for houses of worship, and how to support victims; O’Sham emphasized the limits of law enforcement when speech is protected, the importance of public education, security grants, and victim-witness support. The commission also heard from Ariel Holman of Agudath Israel, who described a wide range of antisemitic incidents affecting Orthodox Jews, including assaults, threats, vandalism, school harassment, and zoning barriers, and urged expanded security personnel grants, mental health resources, kosher food access, and support for synagogue development. Other speakers included advocates and local officials who supported Holocaust education, the planned Boston Holocaust Museum, cemetery protection, and broader public education efforts, while some public commenters criticized the commission’s focus or raised concerns about definitions of antisemitism and free speech. The meeting concluded with approval of prior meeting minutes and the start of public comment, which was limited to three minutes per speaker due to time constraints.