Video & Transcript : 'skilled labor' :
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MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Housing Finance and Policy Committee 3/10/26
Housing Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- maintenance staff, and we used to make sure that they had good customer service and financial management skills
- maintenance staff, and we used to make sure that they had good customer service and financial management skills
- customer service and<00:20:43.120><c> financial</c><00:20:43.600><c> management</c><00:20:44.080><c> skills
- </c><00:20:44.400><c> but</c><00:20:44.640><c> now</c> and financial management skills but now and financial
- management skills but now we<00:20:44.960><c> focus</c><00:20:45.200><c> on</c><00:20:45.440><c> conflict
Keywords:
housing, community land trusts, competitive development, development programs, Minnesota, HF3809, Minnesota eviction law, landlord-tenant, residential lease, minor child, children in eviction, eviction complaint, defendant prohibition, expedited eviction, expedited hearing, summary eviction, tenant protections, housing policy, civil penalty, nonwaivable lease terms
NM
New Mexico 2025 Regular Session
IC - Legislative Finance Jun 25th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- child welfare certification program, if somebody is not a social worker that then gives them more skills
- Teachers don't have that kind of skill level and I think that one of the things that we're really lacking
- potential pipelines by which students entering these programs may already be coming in with some skills
- The skill has to be taught, it has to be learned.
- Montessori, and experiential, that their goals are based on critical thinking and problem solving skills
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- military veterans and their spouses, and all levels of care: independent living, assisted living, skilled
- home and community-based services, while many are moving away from providing nursing home care or skilled
- And... ...skilled nursing facilities at each site. We're an excellent example of this trend.
- Skilled nursing is located at our east campus and memory care is located at our west campus.
- In some instances, they're partnering with other entities to ensure their residents receive skilled nursing
Bills:
SB331, SB883, SB926, SB1137, SB1138, SB1144, SB1151, SB1236, SB1270, SB1522, SB1869, SB2207, SB2422
Keywords:
healthcare, cost disclosure, transparency, administrative penalties, health facility compliance, COVID-19, off-label use, prescription drugs, patient access, medical standards, insurance, physician ranking, incentives, fiduciary duty, health plan issuers, SB 1137, group home, assisted living, residential care, board and care
Summary:
The committee heard testimony on Senate Bill 883, which would protect physicians’ ability to prescribe off-label medications and treatments, framed by the author as a “Right to Treat” measure tied to COVID-19 care. Supporters, including physicians and patient-choice advocates, said the bill would safeguard the doctor-patient relationship and prevent interference by boards, pharmacies, or hospitals. Several witnesses described using hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, budesonide, antibiotics, steroids, and monoclonal antibodies during the pandemic, and said they faced complaints, board scrutiny, or pharmacy refusals for those prescriptions. The bill was left pending after public testimony closed.
The committee then took up Senate Bill 331, which would extend hospital price-transparency requirements to additional health care facilities such as freestanding ERs, urgent care and retail clinics, ambulatory surgical centers, outpatient clinics, and birthing centers. Proponents argued that broader disclosure of prices for shoppable services would help consumers compare costs and reduce surprise billing, while opponents from ambulatory surgery centers said the bill would impose costly compliance burdens on small providers and that insurers or the state already have much of the needed data. The bill was also left pending.
Senate Bill 2422 would expunge Texas Medical Board records and impose reparations for disciplinary actions tied to COVID-era treatment decisions, including references to ivermectin, hydroxychloroquine, budesonide, and masks. The author and supporters argued that doctors were unfairly targeted for trying to save patients and should be made whole; the Texas Medical Board representative said most pandemic complaints were dismissed, that actions generally involved broader issues such as privileges, documentation, or informed consent, and that no physician was disciplined solely for prescribing off-label COVID medications. The bill was left pending.
Finally, the committee heard Senate Bill 2207, which would loosen Texas Medical Board rules on physicians advertising themselves as board certified, especially by reducing barriers tied to maintenance of certification requirements. Supporters said the current rule is overly restrictive, inconsistent, and costly, and that it drives physicians out of practice; they also said Texas is one of only a few states with such a rule. Witnesses described hospitals using the rule against physicians and said the change would improve transparency and competition. The bill remained pending after testimony.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- Those are very teachable skills.
- 00:54:54.480><c> intervention,</c> skills, sort of crisis intervention, skills, sort of crisis intervention
- Those are very<00:55:06.400><c> teachable</c><00:55:06.880><c> skills.
- And in fact, when very teachable skills.
- Um, approaches developed these skills.
LA
Transcript Highlights:
- 'Unless the Lord build the house, they labor in vain who build it.'
- a concurrent resolution urging the President of the United States, the United States Department of Labor
- An independent contractor engages in manual labor.
- It went through labor committee. That's correct.
- Senator Sebaw: Labor will not meet tomorrow in Room C or anywhere else.
PA
Pennsylvania 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Session (Jul 10 2026)
Pennsylvania Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Thursday, July 9: House Bill 1239 referred to Urban Affairs and Housing; House Bill 2014 referred to Labor
- referred to Appropriations; House Bill 2413 referred to Appropriations; House Bill 2455 referred to Labor
- and Industry; House Bill 2460 referred to Education; House Bill 2499 referred to Labor and Industry;
- House Bill 2495 referred to Labor and Industry.
- Licensure; House Bill 2529 referred to Agricultural and Rural Affairs; House Bill 2558 referred to Labor
Summary:
The Senate met in a non-voting session, opened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, and received routine communications from the President pro tempore, the Governor, and the House. The House transmitted Senate Bills 604, 971, 972, and 1259, and several Senate and House bills and resolutions were referred to committees, including Judiciary, Appropriations, Finance, Education, Transportation, Labor and Industry, and others. The Senate also noted reports from the Department of State and the Department of Environmental Protection, and announced a minority leader appointment of Boyes Butler to the Philadelphia Regional Port Authority.
The chamber recessed briefly for committee meetings, including Judiciary and Appropriations in the Rules Room. When the Senate returned, Senator Pittman moved that all bills and resolutions on the day’s calendar go over in their order without prejudice, and the motion was adopted without objection. Committee reports were then received: Appropriations reported House Bills 2401, 2412, and 2413 as committed, and re-reported several other House bills as committed; Judiciary reported House Bill 1042 as amended.
The Senate then agreed to proceed on the first-time committee reports for House Bills 1042, 2401, 2412, and 2413, and moved on without further action. Announcements indicated the Appropriations Committee would meet the next day to consider House Bills 1042, 1505, and 2400. The Senate finally adopted a motion to recess until Saturday, July 11, 2026, at 5 p.m., unless recalled sooner.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Bill to establish a supplemental energy assistance program, HF771, heard in energy committee 3/25/25
Transcript Highlights:
- Paul in front of houses, whether that is electrical policy, labor policy, or driving a wedge between
- Paul in front of houses, whether that is electrical policy, labor policy, or driving a wedge between
- Paul in front of houses, whether that is electrical policy, labor policy, or driving a wedge between
- Paul in front of houses, whether that is electrical policy, labor policy, or driving a wedge between
- Paul in front of houses, whether that is electrical policy, labor policy, or driving a wedge between
Summary:
House File 771, as amended, was laid over for possible inclusion. The bill would create a state supplemental grant program to build on LIHEAP, with the goal of expanding energy assistance beyond the winter season to cover summer cooling needs and reduce utility shutoffs. Representative Craft said the proposal would use existing LIHEAP systems, help more eligible households, and support related services like weatherization. The committee adopted the author’s amendment, DE2, without objection.
Supporters testified that energy costs remain unaffordable for many Minnesotans, especially in rural areas and among low-income households, seniors, and people using delivered fuels. Annie Levenson-Faulk of the Citizens Utility Board said only about a quarter of eligible households receive assistance, summer shutoffs are common, and cooling needs have grown significantly. Trisha Leite of the Minnesota Rural Electric Association, Amanda Macky of Minnesota Valley Action Council, and Ken Schum of the Minnesota Municipal Utilities Association all supported the bill, saying year-round assistance would help households, reduce disconnects, stabilize demand for aid, and ease pressure on utility rates. Michael Schmitz of the Department of Commerce said Minnesota has received about $112 million in LIHEAP funds so far this year and is awaiting additional federal money; he also noted recent funding has been lower than in prior years and inflation has reduced its value.
Members discussed the scale of utility shutoffs, the increase in cooling demand, and whether the bill addresses root causes or serves as a temporary fix. Representative Weiner argued that the state should focus on keeping more money in taxpayers’ pockets and reducing the need for subsidies, while Representative Craft responded that the underlying issue is low incomes and widening wealth inequality, and that policies like the child tax credit are better ways to address poverty. The chair also asked how LIHEAP dollars flow, and Commerce said most benefits are paid directly to utilities on behalf of households rather than as direct cash payments to recipients.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- I would make a motion to send it to Labor. I would make a motion to send it to Judiciary.
- I would make a motion to send it to Labor. I would make a motion to send it to Judiciary.
- I would make a motion to send it to Labor. I would make a motion to send it to Judiciary.
- </c> that this should be going to the Labor that this should be going to the Labor Committee<00:47:49.880
- </c> even consider and and the Labor even consider and and the Labor Committee<00:48:00.760><c> would
WA
Transcript Highlights:
- There is one proposed substitute by Senator Saldaña, which adds unfair labor practices to the bill.
- It excludes farm labor contractors from the definition of agricultural employer.
- By the Committee on Labor and Commerce, receive a due pass recommendation to the Rules Committee.
- The number one profit eater is the high cost of labor in Washington State.
- It is simply looking at the NLRB, the National Labor Relations Board, and who's covered under that.
Bills:
SB6147, SB6082, SB5862, SB5882, SB6323, SB6346, SB6162, SB6256, SB6220, SB5650, SB6343, SB6113, SB6211, SB6114, SB5898, SB6347, SB6244, SB5868, SB5762, SB5988, SB6194, SB6246, SB6223, SB6052, SB5828, SB5954, SB5963, SB5909, SGA9306
Keywords:
grocery establishments, closure notice, consumer rights, local businesses, student financial aid, financial aid fraud, higher education, college enrollment fraud, fictitious students, ghost students, enrollment fraud, aid integrity, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, AI fraud, fraud prevention, Washington State, legislative audit, JLARC, full-time equivalent
NH
New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session
House Finance Division I (03/11/2025)
Transcript Highlights:
- I believe first up is labor to talk about the second injury fund, is that right?
- So, for the record, I'm Ken Marfield, Commissioner at the Department of Labor.
- </c> since I have been at the labor since I have been at the labor department<00:09:01.640><c> and</c
- There is one full-time labor grade 25 employee who works on this program exclusively.
- </c> the thought then it'll go to the labor the thought then it'll go to the labor committee<00:31:20.559
Summary:
The committee first heard from the Department of Labor on several House Bill 2 sections. Members discussed raising the annual elevator certificate fee, which had been $50 since at least fiscal year 2014; the commissioner said the Inspection Division generates more revenue than its costs, and members agreed to amend the fee to $75 and later voted unanimously to accept Section 137. The department also explained a proposed change to civil penalty/warning language in Section 139 to align enforcement across labor laws; that section was accepted unanimously. The commissioner then gave a detailed overview of the second injury fund, describing how it is financed by assessments on insurance carriers, how claims are reviewed for reimbursement, and how the fund is intended to reimburse certain workers’ compensation costs. Members questioned whether the program still serves its original purpose, whether it is revenue-neutral, and whether it should be sunset; the department said the fund is a mixed bag for the state and industry, but no sunset language was adopted. Sections 140 and 141 were then accepted unanimously.
The committee next heard from the Judicial Council on Sections 125 through 127. The witness said the changes would streamline payment for indigent defense services other than counsel, reduce the number of bills requiring judge review, and expand the council’s ability to contract with providers for services such as translation and evaluations. He also explained a proposed fail-safe allowing the executive director to decline to process questionable invoices and send them to a judge instead. Members generally supported the streamlining, and Sections 125 through 127 were accepted unanimously.
Toward the end of the discussion, members asked about the cost impact of changing the misdemeanor/felony threshold from $1,000 to a higher amount. The Judicial Council said felony cases are significantly more expensive than misdemeanors because they involve more hearings, more discovery, and more attorney time, with assigned felony cases costing several times more on average. No action was taken on that question in the excerpt.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
250th Anniversary Celebration of the American Revolution Jun 21st, 2026 at 03:00 pm
Transcript Highlights:
- also we found it's resonating for eighth graders in developing projects that help them build these skills
- that relate to both careers in the real world, but also those skills that they need for making sense
- of media, for those deep inquiry critical thinking skills, and also promoting civic engagement and civic
Summary:
The Special Commission on the 250th Anniversary of the American Revolution met without a quorum, so no votes were taken and any items requiring action were deferred to a future meeting. Representative Sean Garballey welcomed new commission member Mona Roy and thanked outgoing members Susie Berry and Abigail Chandler, noting that the governor’s office would be contacted about open appointments to help restore quorum. The commission then heard a presentation from the Massachusetts Civic Learning Coalition, which outlined civics and history education programs tied to Mass 250 and America 250, including Civic Learning Week, teacher professional development, student civic projects, online courses, and curriculum resources from partners such as iCivics, Harvard’s Democratic Knowledge Project, GBH, Facing History and Ourselves, EDC, Revolutionary Spaces, and others.
The Massachusetts Office of Travel and Tourism reported on the state’s 250th anniversary campaign, including a November event at the Old South Meeting House with the governor, lieutenant governor, and Boston Symphony Orchestra, strong media coverage, over $6 million in sponsorships, new TV spots tied to Ken Burns’ American Revolution documentary, and a new Massachusetts First webpage and merchandise. Revolutionary 250 gave an update on upcoming Henry Knox Trail commemorations, including events beginning in January at the state line and continuing in Great Barrington, Springfield, Worcester, Framingham, Cambridge, Roxbury, and Dorchester Heights, with related planning for the St. Patrick’s/Evacuation Day parade and other Revolutionary-era observances.
The commission also discussed possible future initiatives for member working groups: contributing to an America 250 time capsule, organizing community-level “America’s potluck dinner” events on July 5, and coordinating readings of the Declaration of Independence on July 8. Members asked clarifying questions about how the potluck and time capsule efforts would work, and staff said an email would be sent after the meeting to gather interest and form small planning groups. The meeting ended with a motion to adjourn, a second, and unanimous approval.
AZ
Transcript Highlights:
- responsibility and the great danger that comes along with seeing a firearm and not having the requisite skills
- , with seeing a firearm and not having the requisite skills that go along with that.
- SB 1424 wants to divert time and resources away from foundational academic skills like reading, writing
Summary:
The House convened, opened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, approved the journal, and heard introductions of guests. Members then adopted several procedural motions, including extending the second regular session, suspending the seven-bill limit for Representative Livingston on budget-related measures, and requesting the Senate return SB 1786 on artificial intelligence content verification for reconsideration. The House also moved into Committee of the Whole to consider calendar items.
In Committee of the Whole, the House recommended do pass on SB 1057, SB 1171, SB 1424, and SB 1515, while retaining SB 1178 on the calendar. SB 1171, dealing with fingerprinting and fraud prevention in health and human services, was amended and received supportive comments about accountability and Medicaid fraud. SB 1424, concerning firearm safety instruction in schools, drew extensive debate: a proposed Gutierrez amendment modeled on “Christian’s Law” to require secure firearm storage measures was defeated by division vote 23-31, and the bill itself was defended as age-appropriate firearm safety education while opponents argued it was an unfunded mandate, a parents’ rights issue, and an improper burden on schools. SB 1515, creating a public safety parity fund for DPS and corrections bonuses from rainy-day fund interest, was amended and recommended do pass.
The House then considered an additional Committee of the Whole for SB 1552, adopted a floor amendment, and recommended the bill do pass as amended. In third reading, SB 1021 failed 22-35, while SB 1215, SB 1345, SB 1456, and SB 1493 all passed, with SB 1345 drawing a floor explanation about an added regulatory requirement for health care facilities. The House also received first readings of several appropriations bills and announced a special Joint Appropriations Committee hearing on the budget the next morning before adjourning until Tuesday, April 28, 2026.
MS
Mississippi 2026 Regular Session
MS House Floor - 15 April, 2026; 1:00 PM
Mississippi House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Section 19EE, for Finally First, for funding life skills training in 15 public schools across four counties
- Section 19EE, for Finally First, for funding life skills training in 15 public schools across four counties
- And one was for $250,000 for the funding for life skills. And so, Mr.
Keywords:
commendation, sports, team achievement, high school, state championship, suffrage, restoration of voting rights, conviction, probation, law-abiding citizen, congressional term limits, constitutional amendments, Article V, state resolution, political reform, Jackson State University, Veterans Memorial Stadium, economic growth, property tax, multi-purpose facility
WA
Transcript Highlights:
- It's rather a schizophrenic existence, just because you have dramatically, dramatically different skill
- It's rather a schizophrenic existence, just because you have dramatically, dramatically different skill
- you choose to hire that need to go through criminal justice training academy on this to develop the skill
FL
Florida 2026 Regular Session
Appropriations Committee on Higher Education Feb 12th, 2026
Appropriations Committee on Higher Education
Transcript Highlights:
- Title I and charter schools, creating literacy-rich environments for children to develop reading skills
- with the success that they need to graduate and graduate in a timely manner, but also to provide the skills
- applied research methodology geared toward producing students who will immediately bring marketable skills
Summary:
The Senate Appropriations Committee on Higher Education opened by noting it would not present its budget that day, explaining the budget rollout would be delayed until the following week to align with House partners and Senate notice requirements. After a roll call confirmed a quorum, the chair explained that because of the large number of gubernatorial appointments, the committee would hear only a subset individually and consider reappointments in a block unless members requested otherwise.
The committee then heard testimony from appointees and reappointees to several university boards. Florida A&M University nominees Roderick Harris, Victor Young, and Rafael Vasquez emphasized service to their alma mater, support for leadership, student success, entrepreneurship, scholarships, and maintaining FAMU’s status as a leading HBCU. Florida Atlantic University appointees Linda Stock and Thomas Mersh highlighted FAU’s growth, R1 research designation, quantum computing, servant leadership, entrepreneurship, and expanded research opportunities. University of Central Florida reappointee Alex Martins focused on UCF’s preeminence, workforce needs, nursing and engineering, and keeping graduates in Florida.
Florida Gulf Coast University nominees James Gris-Mall, Douglas Van Orte, Robert Rommel, Sarah Partial Perry, and reappointee Joseph Fogg discussed workforce development, affordability, student success, water and environmental programs, business and entrepreneurship, nursing outcomes, and FGCU’s regional role. University of South Florida reappointee Rogan Donnelly cited USF’s AAU status, research growth, and focus on student success, health care, cybersecurity, and AI. Committee members generally praised each nominee’s background and the universities’ achievements. At the end of the hearing, the committee approved all nominees in a single block vote for confirmation and then adjourned.
WA
Transcript Highlights:
- I’m Jeff Kumboski here on behalf of the Washington Health Care Association, which represents 374 skilled
- I'm Jeff Kumboski here on behalf of the Washington Health Care Association, which represents 374 skilled
- somebody who's in an assisted living facility might have a little less care needs than somebody in skilled
Keywords:
seniors, independent living, ombudsman, elderly support, continuing care retirement communities, common interest communities, restrictions, property rights, homeowners association, community governance, housing finance, affordable housing, housing commission, state agency, financial assistance, 904, all
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- so I wonder whether it's because, um, if you tell me the difference, maybe you have some special skills
- didn't have a lot of tools or resources, along with proactively teaching social emotional learning skills
- Key to this is not only having a skilled workforce but an educated workforce, and that's the most important
Keywords:
HB 1022, Sul Ross State University, Rio Grande College, Texas State University System, Education Code, higher education, course levels, upper-level college, lower-division courses, community college-style courses, Del Rio, Eagle Pass, Uvalde, Board of Regents, academic programs, university expansion, HB 2856, Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, clinical training placements, clinical rotations
NM
Transcript Highlights:
- The two things we heard from employers were that we needed a skilled workforce and we needed less regulatory
- To try and address the skilled workforce needs, the Chamber secured funding in partnership with the Department
- establishing a quantum boot camp this fall because most of the future jobs in quantum will actually be skilled
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- executive compensation, ensuring the head of the agency's salary reflects the knowledge and leadership skills
- of promoting, preserving, and protecting the health and safety of the people of Texas and licensed skilled
- Each staff member in the agency performs an important function for licensing... skilled professionals
Bills:
SB1
Summary:
The Senate Finance Committee met to review Article 8, regulatory agencies, and began Article 9, general provisions, before recessing for floor action. The committee first heard budget presentations from the Public Utility Commission (PUC) and the Office of Public Utility Counsel (OPUC). The PUC budget recommendation was about $5.07 billion in all funds, including an additional $5 billion for the Texas Energy Fund, plus funding for staffing and technology needs tied to contested cases, infrastructure resiliency, and outage mapping. PUC witnesses emphasized the agency’s growing workload, the need for more staff and modern systems, and oversight of the Texas Energy Fund. OPUC’s recommendation was about $6.9 million, with a reduction in authorized FTEs to better match actual staffing; the agency requested additional funding for salaries, expert witnesses, and budget flexibility, and members highlighted OPUC’s role representing residential and small commercial consumers in utility proceedings.
The committee then heard from the Behavioral Health Executive Council (BHEC), whose recommendation was just over $11.2 million. BHEC’s main requests included funding to fill vacant positions, money for continuous National Practitioner Data Bank queries, and a proposed Texas-owned psychology licensing exam in response to concerns about changes to the national exam. Agency leaders also discussed a rider request that would shift responsibility for certain judgments or settlements to the comptroller. Members asked about prior complaint backlogs, and BHEC said those backlogs had been cleared. The Board of Chiropractic Examiners followed, with a recommendation of just under $2.4 million; the board sought support for staffing, training, broadband, and salary retention, and described its work regulating chiropractors and workers’ compensation-related doctors.
The Board of Dental Examiners was the last agency heard before the committee recessed. Its recommendation was just under $10 million, and it requested a 10% salary increase for eligible staff, three additional licensing staff, one staff member to handle required background checks, an additional attorney, and an executive director salary adjustment. Dental board witnesses said licensure growth, increased complaints, and low salaries were straining licensing and enforcement operations, even though the agency reported strong performance and high case completion rates. The chair ended the hearing early because the Senate had to return to the floor, and the committee remained in recess.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Emergency Management Committee Apr 14th, 2026
Emergency Management
Transcript Highlights:
- So the motion is do pass to the Senate Committee on Labor, Public Employment, and Retirement.
- File item number 4, SB 1299, Arrigin, due pass to the Senate Labor Committee.
- Senate Labor Committee. Please call the absent members. Senators, Blakespeare, Grayson. Aye.
- Do pass to Senate Labor. Please call the absent members. Number 4, SB 1299, out again.
- Do pass to Senate Labor. Please call the absent members. Senator Sbleekspere? Aye.
Summary:
The Senate Emergency Management Committee heard several bills focused on emergency response, fire safety, and school threat prevention. SB 904 would codify and expand the coordinated permitting and rebuilding response used after major wildfire disasters, with the author saying it would standardize agency coordination without eliminating protections. Climate Action California opposed the bill, raising concerns about streamlining and permitting. SB 1299 would create a clearer statutory framework for State Fire Marshal certification, training, and enforcement for fire sprinkler fitters; supporters, including the Sprinkler Fitters Association and State Building Trades, said it would ensure qualified installation of critical life-safety systems, while no opposition was presented. SB 1181 would create a limited pilot allowing schools to communicate with regional threat assessment centers when there is a credible safety concern, with the author and supporters describing it as a privacy-protected way to connect warning signs and prevent violence; committee members generally supported the concept and discussed fusion centers, social media threats, and recent incidents.
The committee also took up a consent calendar. After recesses to establish quorum and repeated calls for absent members, the committee voted to move all measures forward. SB 1299 was approved on a 9-0 vote to the Senate Committee on Labor, Public Employment, and Retirement. SB 904 was approved 9-0 to the Senate Committee on Appropriations. SB 1181 was approved 9-0 to the Senate Committee on Education. The consent calendar items were also approved 9-0. All measures were left on call briefly for absent members before the final votes were recorded and the committee adjourned.