Transcript Highlights:

• So for the education, we've had more than 12 seminars.
• So for the education, we've had 12, more than 12 seminars. It's actually this past year.
• My perspective comes from a loss no parent should ever experience.
• An educated person can make an educated decision, and the creative space for many manufacturers, wholesalers
• why I'm here today: to improve education and awareness.

Committee: Senate Agricultural Affairs

Keywords: 989, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The Higher Education Budget Subcommittee will come to order. Connor, please call the roll.
• No one told him internships weren't just for honor roll kids with college-bound parents.
• That would thrive under... ...kids with college-bound parents. That would thrive under HB 1105.
• I always believe that our education system really fails a lot of people.
• That's the career and technical education classes. The other GPA is the same.

Summary: The Higher Education Budget Subcommittee met with two bills on the agenda. HB 1055, by Rep. Albert, would make permanent the Center for the Study of Election Law at Florida State University’s College of Law, which was created temporarily in 2023. The sponsor described the center as successful and tied to Florida’s election reputation. There was brief public testimony, including support from FSU-affiliated witnesses, and no debate or amendments. The bill passed unanimously. The committee then heard HB 1105, by Rep. Kinghart-Johnson, a broader education bill affecting Bright Futures and related programs. As explained by the sponsor, the bill would change the Gold Seal Vocational Scholarship requirement from three full credits in one program to three full credits total, align the CTE diploma with scholarship eligibility, add the AP Capstone Diploma as an automatic Bright Futures Academic Scholarship qualifier, and remove barriers for some students whose parents are retired military or public service employees stationed out of state. An amendment was adopted that revised AP Capstone requirements, kept the Gold Seal GPA requirement unchanged, and added the ACE diploma as a qualifier for the Florida Seal of Fine Arts. Public testimony on HB 1105 included two social work students who supported expanding opportunities but warned that the bill could steer students into vocational tracks without enough safeguards, transparency, or access to transportation, internships, and counseling. Several members spoke in support of the bill’s goal of recognizing multiple paths to success, while also acknowledging concerns raised by speakers. In closing, the sponsor said the bill was intended to improve access and correct language that treated vocational pathways as lesser options. HB 1105 passed unanimously as amended, and the meeting adjourned afterward.

Transcript Highlights:

• Through state general aid funding and universal high-quality education, we equalize educational opportunities
• Through state general aid funding and universal high-quality education, we equalize educational opportunities
• We're losing English language learning specialists, education support specialists, education support
• </c><00:50:02.600><c> of</c> And when I got to meet the parents of And when I got to meet the parents
• </c><00:50:12.960><c> they</c> given the beautiful education they given the beautiful education they

Keywords: 919, house, all

Summary: The committee heard presentations on two tax bills: House File 4123, by Representative Agbaje, would expand Minnesota’s net investment income tax to include certain business income, especially income from S corporations and LLCs not subject to federal self-employment taxes, while keeping the current rate and million-dollar threshold; she said it would raise an estimated $88.7 million next year. House File 4616, by Chair Gomez, would impose a 1% annual tax on fortunes above $10 million. Gomez framed the bill as a response to growing wealth inequality and argued that wealthy households and large fortunes should contribute more to public services, while Agbaje said her bill would broaden the tax base and help meet state needs. Public testimony was sharply divided. Supporters, including Nan Madden of the Minnesota Budget Project, Erica Mominee of the Minnesota Association of Professional Employees, Lauren Richards, and teacher Kristen Sinicariello, said the bills would help address wealth and income inequality and provide needed revenue for public health, education, and other public services. They pointed to federal tax cuts for high-income households, cuts to Medicaid and SNAP, and strains on state agencies and schools. Richards said small businesses already pay more than large corporations like Amazon, and Sinicariello argued that higher revenue would support classrooms and help equalize opportunity. Opponents, including Brian Cook of the Minnesota Chamber of Commerce, Dalton Danielson of the Minnesota Business Partnership, and John Beschi of NFIB Minnesota, warned that both bills would hurt business competitiveness and investment. They argued that HF 4123 would effectively create a new higher tax tier for pass-through businesses and that HF 4616 would be difficult to administer, could force sales of illiquid assets, and could discourage entrepreneurship and capital investment. No votes or final committee action were taken in the portion of the meeting provided; the committee moved through bill presentations and public testimony before member discussion.

Transcript Highlights:

• I do want to note that the increase in special education can only go towards special education costs.
• In terms of special education, we estimate right now that local funds cover about 60% of special education
• 12 weeks of parental leave.
• And after that point, they could choose to use what's called parental leave in existing Education Code
• to maintain and curate the California Educators Together online repository of high-quality open educational

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Child education is a top priority for service members and their families.
• Finally, we are grateful for their efforts in highlighting how educational stability directly enhances
• Finally, we are grateful for their efforts in highlighting how educational stability directly enhances
• The position to be filled must require specific education or training.
• They know who the kids' parents are. They know who the kids' teachers are.

Committee: Senate State Affairs

Summary: The committee began with an annual briefing from Mountain Home Air Force Base’s 366th Fighter Wing, where Colonel D. Ray Gunter described the base’s mission, deployments, modernization efforts, airspace expansion, water pipeline and treatment projects, and community partnerships supporting housing, child care, education, and health care for service members and families. He emphasized the base’s role in national defense, the economic impact on the region, and ongoing collaboration with Idaho agencies and local communities. The committee then entered executive session under Senate Rule 20E for an intelligence briefing from Captain Juanita Garcia. After returning to open session, the committee approved minutes from February 27, March 2, and March 4, 2026. It then considered gubernatorial reappointments to the Idaho Endowment Fund Investment Board: Robert Donaldson and Irving Lippman both appeared and spoke about their backgrounds and interest in continuing service, and Shelly Enderud’s reappointment to the State Building Authority was advanced to the Senate floor with a do-pass recommendation. The committee heard and advanced House Bill 686, which creates a narrow exception to Idaho’s anti-nepotism restrictions for small cities under 10,000 population when filling specialized positions, with safeguards such as public posting, documentation, council approval, and independent supervision. It also advanced House Bill 727, a sextortion bill supported by lawmakers and the Attorney General’s office that would make threats to distribute explicit images a crime and increase penalties when minors are involved; testimony cited AI-generated images, online coercion, and Idaho cyber-tip data showing a sharp rise in sextortion reports. Finally, the committee introduced RS 33647, a memorial concerning pelican predation on fish, and RS 33616, a resolution honoring fallen Idaho State Police K9 Kimber, before adjourning.

Transcript Highlights:

• Showing parents the list of ingredients allows parents to make an informed decision that is right for
• California's parents, caregivers, and children deserve the same.
• Also as a parent, thank you, author. Any witnesses in opposition?
• When I ask parents that same question, they would say 10 to 20%.
• McLean Rosansky with the Alameda County Office of Education in support.

Committee: House Environmental Safety and Toxic Materials

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• And the parents don't understand what they need to do.
• So I want to just thank you for your efforts in educating us about the urgent.
• And we have served as foster parents and respite providers.
• You want to respect biological parents' rights, as they say. It's a fine line.
• You want to respect biological parents' rights, as they still have.

Committee: House Health and Mental Health

Keywords: 959, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> the education excellence article. the education excellence article.
• </c> FTE at the Department of Education FTE at the Department of Education uh<00:56:13.880><c> to</c>
• </c> uh special education account. uh special education account.
• </c> component of general education revenue. component of general education revenue.
• Education finance is not easy.

Committee: Senate Finance

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• medical director for the medical student initiative and served as assistant director for medical education
• This month is also an opportunity to educate the next generation about the struggles and achievements
• This month is also an opportunity to educate the next generation about the struggles and achievements
• This month is also an opportunity to educate the next generation about the struggles and achievements
• Her story and the tireless efforts of her parents, Dr. David Law and Dr.

Summary: The Senate convened with a quorum, approved the journals, and removed SB 830 from the inactive file for return to the Assembly. It then took up several gubernatorial appointments, including Clint Kellum as Director of the Cannabis Control, Jennifer Osborne as Director of Industrial Relations, and two Medical Board of California appointments, Dr. Trinidad Solis and Dr. Gerald Tolbrook. Each appointment was confirmed by roll call, with broad support and no recorded opposition. The chamber also adopted SR 97 recognizing Asian and Pacific Islander American Heritage Month. Senators from multiple caucuses spoke in support, highlighting AAPI contributions to California, histories of exclusion and solidarity, and the importance of visibility and representation. The resolution passed 39-0. The Senate also recognized numerous AAPI community leaders and honorees on the floor, including Kay Buck and Mira Sorvino for anti-trafficking advocacy, and later several additional guests and community figures. Members then adopted several other resolutions by unanimous consent: SCR 168 designating Motorcycle Safety Awareness Month, SCR 148 declaring GM1 gangliosidosis awareness day, SR 95 proclaiming ALS Awareness Month, SCR 156 for Stroke Awareness Month, and SR 110 recognizing Hospital Week in California. Floor remarks focused on public safety, rare disease awareness, stroke recovery and aphasia, and the role of hospitals and health care workers. The Senate also honored retiring California Professional Firefighters president Brian Rice with extensive tributes to his labor leadership, firefighter safety work, and disaster response advocacy. The meeting concluded with the remaining appointment confirmations and adjournment until May 14, 2026.

Transcript Highlights:

• House Resolution No. 22, by the Education Committee, is a resolution stating findings of the House of
• the Division of Career Technical Education have been reviewed and approved by the House Education Committee
• It also, with regard to the education service providers, requires that anyone, as an education service
• Rather, those funds are administered through the local education agency.
• expenses that have been approved by the local education agency and verified by the State Board of Education

Summary: The House convened with 67 members present, approved the journal, and received committee reports referring a large slate of bills and resolutions to various committees or to second reading. Several new bills were introduced, including measures on cemetery maintenance districts, ICE agreements and immigration status reporting, milk testing, specialty license plates, driver licensing and vehicle registration deadlines for new residents, child custody interference, cloud seeding, urban renewal, and a sales tax rebate. House Concurrent Resolutions 21 and 22, concerning Transportation and Education rules, were sent for printing. On the floor, the House suspended the rules to take up House Bill 613 immediately. The bill, which addresses liability protections for private polling places, election workers, volunteers, and certain nonprofit locations used for Election Day, passed 68-0 and was transmitted to the Senate. The House also passed House Bill 587, providing continuous spending authority for the rangeland improvement account, after extended debate over legislative oversight versus the need to spend grant and account funds on time; it passed 44-25. House Bill 573, expanding flexibility for enhanced concealed carry instructor qualifications, passed 68-0, and House Bill 624, revising oversight and accountability requirements for the Idaho Home Learning Academy, also passed 68-0. The House returned House Bill 547 and House Bill 525 to committee at the request of sponsors, moved House Bill 530 to general orders, and held the remaining third-reading bills until Monday, February 16, 2026. Announcements noted upcoming committee meetings, a 4-H breakfast, a memorial committee event, and other caucus or lunch notices. The House then adjourned until 10 a.m. Monday, February 16, 2026.

Transcript Highlights:

• I believe that we can teach parents and educators how to identify manipulation, coercion, exploitation
• I believe that we can teach parents and educators how to identify manipulation, coercion, exploitation
• I believe that like to raise on some of the language, I believe that we can teach parents and educators
• Speaker, education is critical for our district.
• Education is critical for our district.

Summary: The House convened, opened with prayer and the Pledge, approved the journal, and welcomed several guests in the gallery, including a high school student and an advocate connected to the domestic violence bill HB 2995. The chamber then moved through multiple Committee of the Whole calendars, first advancing HB 4155, HB 4156, and HB 4157, then HB 4164, HB 4165, and HB 4166, all with do-pass recommendations and no substantive amendments on those calendars. Later, the House also considered SB 1326, a victims’ rights measure, adopted a floor amendment, and reported it out as amended. The House corrected an earlier clerical error regarding HB 4155-4157 being referred to engrossing rather than third reading. The House then took up a long series of final passage votes on Senate bills. SB 2174, SB 2611, SB 1011, SB 1012, SB 1016, SB 1018, SB 1038, SB 1039, SB 1040, SB 1053, SB 1055, SB 1057, SB 1060, SB 1061, SB 1068, SB 1069, SB 1075, SB 1100, SB 1113 on reconsideration, SB 1160, and SB 1170 all passed. SB 2873, SB 1004, SB 1009, SB 1042, SB 1043, SB 1049, SB 1093, and SB 1143 failed. SB 2995, the emergency family-law/domestic-violence bill known as the Alec and Lydia Act, passed with the required two-thirds vote after extensive debate; supporters said it would better protect children and clarify judicial standards, while opponents argued its definitions were overly broad and could harm families. SB 1018 on foreign laws also drew extended debate over Sharia law, with supporters framing it as a defense of American values and opponents calling it unnecessary and discriminatory. Several votes included explanations focused on policy concerns. SB 1004 on sex-offender registration and monitoring drew debate over whether electronic monitoring is effective. SB 1040 on voter registration transparency prompted arguments over public access to voter rolls versus privacy and security. SB 1118 on municipal zoning and historical homes was debated as a property-rights and local-control issue, with supporters saying it could help preserve affordable housing and opponents warning it would override local decisions. The House also adopted motions to reconsider prior actions on SB 1043 and SB 1100, and it requested the Senate return SB 1552 for reconsideration. The session ended with the House still processing additional Committee of the Whole business, including HB 4158, HB 4159, HB 4160, HB 4161, HB 4162, and HB 4163, with HB 4162 and HB 4163 receiving floor amendments and do-pass recommendations.

Transcript Highlights:

• Commissioner of the Higher Education, interim commissioner of higher education, Texas Higher Education
• I serve as a senior education advisor to the Fort Worth Mayor's Council on Workforce and Education and
• supervisor, led the district's career and education department, and ended my time in public education
• supervisor, led the district's career and education department, and ended my time in public education
• In Chapter 21 of the Education Code.

Committee: Senate Education K-16

Summary: The Senate Education K-16 Committee heard Senate Bill 1961, which would expand reporting on post-secondary outcomes and workforce data, including employment, earnings, regional labor demand, and credentials of value. Senator Bettencourt said the bill is intended to close data gaps and improve alignment between education programs and workforce needs. Witnesses from Opportunity Austin, Texas 2036, Samsung Austin Semiconductor, and the Fort Worth workforce community testified in support, saying better data would help students, parents, schools, employers, and regional economic development efforts. After questions from members about regional workforce pipelines and semiconductor talent needs, public testimony closed and SB 1961 was left pending. The committee then took up several pending bills and reported them favorably, including SB 1325, SB 604, SB 1832, SB 747, SB 2185, and SB 2395, with committee substitutes adopted where needed. SB 1325 was amended to remove the DSHS commissioner’s authority to issue standing orders for respiratory distress medication in schools. SB 1832, relating to school transfer or private-school funding options for students victimized by a public school employee, and SB 747, relating to intimate visual material policies, were both advanced on recorded votes. SB 2185, on the bilingual education allotment, was initially moved to a local calendar but was later backed up and reported to the full Senate after a fiscal note was noted. SB 2395, on school district general obligation bonds, was also reported favorably and then moved to the local and uncontested calendar. The committee also heard SB 646, which would expand the Mental Health Professional Loan Repayment Program to additional professions, increase award amounts, and add stipends for rural and bilingual service. Senator West said the bill responds to mental health workforce shortages and inflation. The Texas Counseling Association supported the measure, and a Hogg Foundation representative said participation has grown sharply since prior changes. SB 646 was left pending. The committee also heard SB 2647, which would create a Texas state accrediting agency and interim oversight system for higher education accreditors; supporters from the Texas Public Policy Foundation and a massage school owner argued it would improve accountability and reduce accreditor overreach, while Senator Menendez raised concerns about effects on law and medical school accreditation and student opportunities. SB 2647 was left pending. Finally, the committee heard SB 2786, which would exempt first responders from the Texas Success Initiative entrance exam, and SB 2615, which would standardize remote-work policies across public higher education institutions. The Texas State Association of Firefighters supported SB 2786, saying it would remove an extra step for career advancement; the bill was left pending because the committee substitute had not yet been adopted. SB 2615 was presented as a way to ensure more consistent in-person staffing expectations while preserving exceptions for illness, disability, and some non-teaching roles; it too was left pending. The committee then recessed subject to the call of the chair.

Transcript Highlights:

• information to such patients' parents regarding...
• information to such patients' parents regarding.
• It requires the Department of Health to develop a notice so that the parents can be provided information
• If reported, we go to higher education. Senator Gonzales. We got it. He's got it.
• If reported, we go to higher education.

Committee: Senate Health

Keywords: 993, senate, all

Summary: The meeting covered a long list of health and social services bills, many of them recurring proposals that had passed the Senate before or been vetoed in prior years. Topics included primary care investment, penalties for adult care facility safety violations, emergency insulin access, limited nursing services in adult care facilities, a State Medical Indemnity Fund ombudsman, hospital ownership and private equity oversight, controlled substances for people with substance use disorder, rescue inhaler information in the immunization system, nursing home closure procedures, Medicaid coverage for complex care assistance, increased personal needs allowances, parental education for minors with disabling conditions, physician and dentist loan repayment/support, higher public health penalties, direct Medicaid billing for licensed creative arts therapists, adoption registry information release, fetal and infant mortality review boards, reusable food and beverage containers, DNR and hospice decision rules, a special needs assisted living demonstration program, temporary licensure for out-of-state health professionals at a triathlon event, and lead reporting and mitigation in school water. Sponsors described most bills as straightforward efforts to improve access, transparency, or care quality, while several members noted technical fixes or fiscal concerns on a few measures, including outdated program references and the need for funding to support expanded loan repayment eligibility. Some bills were framed as responses to prior vetoes or as renewed attempts to advance previously passed Senate measures. The chair also noted the committee still lacked a budget and expected additional meetings. For each bill, members generally moved and seconded the measures, and the committee voted favorably, usually with some members recorded as without recommendation. Most bills were advanced either to first reading, finance, or higher education, depending on referral. No bill was defeated in the transcript.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:12:16.399><c> It's</c> education. It's around our busing. It's education.
• </c> to the county as educational neglect. to the county as educational neglect.
• Um, that's Department of Education.
• Parents could go on to Minnesota. Parents could go on to attendance<00:25:10.640><c> matters.
• </c> Education. Plain and simple.

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> think intentionally about the parents think intentionally about the parents and<00:03:23.920><c>
• For too long, many communities have been invisible in our education system.
• For too long, many communities have been invisible in our education system.
• For too long, many communities have been invisible in our education system.
• </c> fall short in providing educational fall short in providing educational materials<00:30:49.760><

Committee: Senate Environment, Climate, and Legacy

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> growth and aviation related education growth and aviation related education and<00:02:51.760><c>
• We educate, so I'll go with education.
• We educate, so I'll go with education.
• </c> some as the Kentucky Aerospace Education some as the Kentucky Aerospace Education Center.<01:05:
• </c> when it comes to workforce and education when it comes to workforce and education so<01:09:57.920

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The task force meeting began with approval of the July 14 minutes and then heard a presentation from the Kentucky Aviation Association. Association leaders described general aviation airports as important to rural access, commerce, emergency response, tourism, agriculture, and workforce development, and cited statewide economic impacts they said exceed $1.6 billion and support more than 9,400 jobs. They thanked the legislature for prior airport funding and said it had helped airports with basic operations and repairs. The association asked lawmakers for four things: continued appropriations for general aviation airports; relief or a more workable process for required financial audits, which they said can cost $10,000 to $20,000 or more and sometimes exceed a small airport’s annual budget; a regularized statewide appropriations process for airport infrastructure needs, which they said total about $100 million and are currently addressed unevenly; and funding for the Aerospace Education Reinvestment Opportunity Act to support scholarships and aviation workforce training. Members of the task force asked follow-up questions about the audit burden, the difference between financial and safety audits, and the difficulty of finding audit firms. The presenters said they would bring specific ideas back on audit reform. Eastern Kentucky University then presented on its aviation program. EKU leaders thanked the committee for prior support, including a $25 million appropriation for a new flight school building at Central Kentucky Regional Airport, and said the project is expected to break ground in 2026. They reported strong enrollment growth, with 502 aviation majors, most of them Kentuckians, and said the program has expanded flight hours and job placement. EKU also outlined plans to add an air traffic control program in response to Senate Bill 87 and the national shortage of controllers, saying it could train students to FAA standards if the university receives the needed investment in simulators, equipment, space, and faculty. They also discussed the need to replace an aging fleet of training aircraft, saying the current planes are decades old and costly to maintain, and that newer aircraft would improve training quality and reduce student costs.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> tribal nations, educational tribal nations, educational institutions,<00:02:54.080><c> and</c><00
• </c> substance abuse treatment, and education substance abuse treatment, and education initiatives<00
• </c> went through some of the education went through some of the education tutoring<00:58:29.920><c>
• </c><01:26:24.320><c> and</c> played a pivotal role in educating and played a pivotal role in educating
• </c> through fun and educational through fun and educational experiences.<01:52:03.760><c> We</c><01:

Committee: Senate Environment, Climate, and Legacy

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• and education freedom.
• speech and debate initiatives... ...civics education, and we offer the most robust speech and debate
• the right to direct the education and upbringing of their children.
• We have ensured that our schools have a duty to educate, not a right to indoctrinate.
• We reject the ideological fads that have diminished the value of higher education.

Summary: The transcript is of a Florida Legislature joint session convened to receive the Governor’s annual message. After the House and Senate were received, a committee was appointed to notify the Governor that the joint session was ready, and the Governor and First Lady were introduced. The Senate President presided, a prayer and Pledge of Allegiance were offered, and the joint session then recessed to await the Governor’s arrival. Governor Ron DeSantis delivered a lengthy address reviewing his administration’s record over the past seven years. He highlighted fiscal restraint, larger reserves and rainy-day funds, debt reduction, tax cuts, business and job growth, school choice expansion, education reforms, higher teacher pay, civics initiatives, environmental restoration efforts in the Everglades, hurricane response improvements, public safety and immigration enforcement, and opposition to DEI and other ideological policies. He also urged lawmakers to send him bills on issues such as eliminating DEI in local governments, further restricting illegal immigration, expanding Second Amendment rights, and addressing what he described as the creep of Sharia law. The Governor additionally called for property tax relief through the constitutional amendment process and for legislation emphasizing informed consent in medical decision-making. He warned about risks posed by artificial intelligence and said new technologies should align with American values. No substantive votes were taken on policy matters during the session; after the Governor’s remarks, the joint session adopted a motion to dissolve.

Transcript Highlights:

• and education freedom.
• speech and debate initiatives... ...civics education, and we offer the most robust speech and debate
• the right to direct the education and upbringing of their children.
• We have ensured that our schools have a duty to educate, not a right to indoctrinate.
• We reject the ideological fads that have diminished the value of higher education.

Summary: The transcript captures a Florida legislative joint session convened to receive the Governor’s annual message. After the House and Senate formally received the Lieutenant Governor, Cabinet, and Supreme Court, a committee was appointed to notify the Governor, and the Governor was introduced and delivered a lengthy address. The Governor framed Florida as a model of conservative governance and highlighted accomplishments over the past seven years, including budget reserves and rainy day fund growth, debt reduction, tax cuts, economic growth and job creation, universal school choice, teacher pay increases, civics education, higher education reforms, Everglades restoration, hurricane response, public safety measures, immigration enforcement, and opposition to DEI and COVID-era mandates. The Governor also outlined priorities for the coming session, urging lawmakers to send him bills on issues such as eliminating DEI in local governments, further discouraging illegal immigration, expanding Second Amendment rights, and blocking Sharia law. He additionally called for action on property tax relief, saying homeowners should not pay “perpetual rent” to government, and asked the legislature to place a tax-relief measure before voters. He emphasized emerging concerns about artificial intelligence and medical freedom, arguing for informed consent and ethical limits on new technologies. After the Governor concluded, the joint session took up a motion to dissolve. The motion was approved, and the joint session adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> perspectives are beneficial to education perspectives are beneficial to education and<00:02:54.160
• Education Finance. Education Finance.
• </c> Ethnic studies did not just educate me. Ethnic studies did not just educate me.
• </c> position at the Department of Education. position at the Department of Education.
• Education. Education.

Keywords: 919, house, all

Summary: House File 29 was heard in committee as a proposal to suspend adoption of the revised social studies standards, push implementation to 2030-31, repeal the requirement to embed ethnic studies across all standards, and cancel related appropriations. The bill sponsor argued Minnesota schools should focus on basic academic achievement and that ethnic studies requirements add burdens and distract from reading, math, and science. The chair moved the bill to the Committee on Education Finance after opening the hearing and then took extensive public testimony. Testimony was sharply divided. Supporters of HF 29, including Katherine Kersten, Deanna Moose, Kendall Qualls, Hillary Swanson, and Diane Smith, argued the ethnic studies framework is ideological, overly focused on race, insufficiently transparent, and costly in professional development time; several said it would divide students or burden teachers. Some supporters also claimed the standards or framework promote activism, critical race theory, or racial stratification. Opponents, including Mark Westfall, Crystal Johnson, Jim Grathwol, Marcus Penny, Claude Sigman, and Courtney Major, said the standards are inclusive, research-based, and designed to help students understand multiple perspectives, civic life, and the contributions of diverse Minnesotans. They emphasized that ethnic studies can improve engagement, critical thinking, and representation, and that teachers should be trusted to implement the standards. No final vote on the bill was taken in the portion of the meeting provided. The only formal action noted was the chair’s motion to re-refer House File 29 to the Committee on Education Finance.