Video & Transcript : 'skilled labor' :
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KY
Kentucky 2026 Regular Session
Senate Legislative Session Day 19 (2-3-26)
Kentucky Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Many troopers continue working in related roles, maintain their skills, and remain fully capable of serving
- we already have. working in related roles, maintain their working in related roles, maintain their skills
- 55.360><c> remain</c><00:12:55.839><c> fully</c><00:12:56.320><c> capable</c><00:12:56.639><c> of</c> skills
- , and remain fully capable of skills, and remain fully capable of serving<00:12:57.279><c> beyond</c>
FL
Florida 2026 5th Special Session
Judiciary Jan 27th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- It requires design professionals to perform services using the level of skill and care expected of a
- It requires design professionals to perform services using the level of skill and care expected of a
- It requires design professionals to perform services using the level of skill and care expected of a
- It requires design professionals to perform services using the level of skill and care expected of a
Summary:
The Judiciary Committee met and took up a series of bills, beginning with SB 620, which would require candidates for federal, state, county, district, judicial, and school board offices to disclose any citizenship in countries other than the United States. The bill was presented as a transparency measure, with one opponent waiving time, and it was reported favorably on an 8-0 vote.
The committee then heard SB 1396 on litigation financing consumer protection. Supporters from the Florida Justice Reform Institute, American Tort Reform Association, and U.S. Chamber Institute for Legal Reform argued the bill would add transparency, limit funder control, and require disclosure of foreign entities involved in litigation funding. Opponents, including the Florida Justice Association, argued the bill would create strategic advantages for defendants and could affect discovery and settlement dynamics. The bill passed 7-2. The committee also approved SB 192, removing a $1,500 cap on patient funds chiropractors may hold in trust; SB 888, limiting indemnity and insurance requirements in design-professional contracts; CS/SB 332, creating a temporary closed-meeting exemption for pre-suit Burt Harris litigation strategy discussions; SB 820, requiring quarterly reporting on problem-solving courts; SB 1500, updating uncontested probate procedures; SB 1224, making fraudulent entry into rental dwellings a third-degree felony; and SB 1000, setting a floor and ceiling for interest rates on law firm trust accounts. Each of these bills was reported favorably, with broad support and little or no opposition.
The committee also advanced CS/SB 694, which would compensate the descendants of the Groveland Four. Senator Bracey Davis described the bill as a final step in addressing the wrongful convictions, deaths, and long-term harm suffered by Charles Greenlee, Walter Irvin, Samuel Shepard, and Ernest Thomas. Family members and advocacy groups testified in support, urging the state to complete its acknowledgment of wrongdoing with monetary compensation. An amendment was adopted to divide any appropriation equally among the four families. The bill passed unanimously. Finally, SB 144 creating a public records exemption for personal information of Judicial Qualifications Commission employees and their families was approved 9-1. Several members also requested to be recorded as voting in the affirmative on specific bills before the committee adjourned.
WA
Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate State Government, Tribal Affairs & Elections Jan 13th, 2026 at 01:30 pm
State Government, Tribal Affairs & Elections
Transcript Highlights:
- according to statute, including but not limited to advancing the mission to cultivate leadership skills
- in Washington State youth. ...but not limited to advancing the mission to cultivate leadership skills
- Compassion Scholars, and Boundless, and they are all designed to help build leadership and communication skills
- Skills to access new experiences.
Keywords:
civic health, community engagement, committee reestablishment, public participation, governance, Washington State Leadership Board, WSLB, gift acceptance, grants, endowments, private funding, public funding, fundraising, state board, youth leadership, civic engagement, leadership development, Washington World Fellows, sports mentoring, Boundless Washington
FL
Florida 2025 Regular Session
October 14, 2025 - 03:30 PM
Transcript Highlights:
- TRAINING CALLS FOR UP TO SIX MONTHS DEPENDING UPON HOW MUCH GRANT THEY HAVE AND ALLOW THEM TO GAIN THEIR SKILLS
- TO SIX MONTHS DEPENDING UPON WHAT THEY ARE ALLOWED THEY CAN GO TO A LOCAL EMPLOYER AND LEARN THE SKILLS
- AS PART OF THE SKILL PROGRAM.
- IT MIGHT BE THAT THEY HAVE THE SKILLS FOR THE BUT CHILDCARE HAS BEEN ONE OF THE ISSUES AND OUR AREA AND
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Human Committee Meeting - 2025-04-02
Human Services Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- Skilled nursing homes, on average, cost $153,000 per year.
- negative health outcomes are often addressed too late, through an emergency room visit, hospitalization, skilled
- This is about allowing skilled nurses to do a task that they are licensed to do under the Nurse Practice
- change is needed so LPNs can continue to have a role in our settings, and we want to leverage their skills
FL
Florida 2025 Regular Session
Education Pre-K - 12 Feb 11th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm curious in terms of performance in the school, are we giving them executive function skills?
- But these are technical skills that we have to teach them as well.
- But these are life skills that will be incredibly valuable as they go through.
- We can go through and look at the skills that are included in that and certainly love any feedback that
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Local Government Committee Apr 15th, 2026
Local Government
Transcript Highlights:
- Our members include developers, architects, attorneys, and labor partners who build housing across California
- It includes a project labor agreement with building trades and carpenters, ensuring quality jobs with
- We too want to join our friends in labor in supporting this bill and supporting this important project
- provisions, labor standards.
- Is it labor? Yeah, I have to present. I need to present. Yeah, please.
Summary:
The committee heard a series of housing, local government, and governance bills, with most of the discussion focused on housing production, permitting, and local accountability. SB 1003, by Senator Grayson, would create an Infrastructure Partnership Financing Program to help local jurisdictions and developers jointly fund infill housing infrastructure; it drew support from housing advocates and senior housing groups, while Senator Seyarto questioned whether the state would actually fund another program. The bill was moved on a 3-1 vote and remained on call. SB 1014 would require local jurisdictions to provide good-faith estimates of on-site and off-site improvements within 30 business days of a preliminary application and limit later surprise requirements; Habitat for Humanity, SPUR, and other housing groups supported it, while the City of San Mateo and local government associations raised concerns about accuracy and timing. It passed 4-2 and remained on call. SB 1036, which would require credit under the Mitigation Fee Act for prior site uses when redeveloping a site, passed unanimously to the Senate floor. SB 1145 would streamline CEQA and federal reuse review for qualifying projects at the former Concord Naval Weapons Station; it drew broad labor and local support, but housing and legal advocates sought stronger affordability and enforceability provisions. The bill passed 6-0 to the Committee on Environmental Quality.
The committee also considered SB 908, which would streamline permits for energy-code-compliant residential window replacements and limit local design restrictions and HOA barriers. Supporters said the bill would let homeowners and affordable housing providers reduce energy costs, while opponents argued it could override local design standards; it passed 3-1 and remained on call. SB 1172, the Local Tax Savings Act, would add guardrails and transparency to local tax-sharing and consultant agreements; it was supported by the City of Shafter and the League of California Cities and passed 4-0 to Revenue and Taxation, remaining on call. SB 1283 would expand ministerial approval for EV charging stations to include canopies and on-site energy storage systems and require local ordinance updates by 2027; EV industry groups supported it, while cities and counties warned about safety, liability, and local review. Members discussed battery storage safety and litigation concerns, and the bill passed 4-0 to Judiciary, remaining on call.
The committee also heard SB 1379, which would separate the Riverside County Sheriff-Coroner offices and create an independent medical examiner in response to in-custody death concerns. Supporters cited high death rates, settlements, and the need for independent investigations, while the sheriff’s association and county representatives argued the change would be costly, duplicate services, and override local control. The bill passed 4-1 to Public Safety and remained on call. Finally, SB 1414 would create an independent redistricting commission for San Bernardino County; supporters said it would improve transparency and remove conflicts of interest, while the county opposed the estimated $2 million cost and noted its existing advisory commission. Members generally supported independent redistricting, and the bill was discussed but no final vote was recorded in the excerpt.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Governmental Organization Committee Mar 24th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- And yes, the labor movement brought needed change. But it was complex.
- In those 17 years, costs for labor, materials, and operations have risen dramatically.
- Yvonne Fernandez with the California Federation of Labor Unions in opposition. Thank you.
- As our labor partner said, no thanks, we're not, that's too fast, go back and do it next year.
- And I think even some of our labor friends have said that.
Summary:
The committee began with an informational hearing on the second amendment to the Yurok Tribe’s 2006 tribal-state gaming compact. Governor’s office staff and Yurok Tribal Chairman Joseph James explained that the amendment is a narrow, technical one that extends the compact’s expiration to December 31 of this year to preserve the status quo while the parties negotiate a long-term replacement. Members asked about the Bureau of Indian Affairs’ role, and staff explained that because the change is only a deadline extension and not a substantive compact change, it does not require BIA approval. No vote was taken on the informational item.
The committee then heard AB 2156, which would designate March 31 as Farm Workers’ Day in California. The authors and supporters said the bill is intended to honor the farm worker movement and shift the holiday away from any one individual in light of recent allegations, while recognizing the contributions and sacrifices of farm workers. Several members spoke in support, including personal reflections on family histories in farm labor and on the need to center victims and farm workers’ dignity. The bill was moved to the floor, with the roll held open for absent members.
Next, the committee heard SB 1044, which would raise the small business procurement cap from $250,000 to $350,000 and index it to inflation. The author and supporters from the Hispanic and Asian Pacific chambers of commerce argued the current cap is outdated and limits opportunities for small businesses, microbusinesses, and disabled veteran business enterprises. Some support was qualified, with one coalition noting concerns about access to capital for microbusinesses but still leaning in favor. The bill passed to Appropriations, with the roll held open.
The committee also heard SB 1114, which would restrict state agencies from sharing LGBTQ-related data with federal agencies except where legally required. The author and Equality California said the bill is meant to protect sensitive data from misuse and preserve trust in voluntary state data collection. Support came from Planned Parenthood affiliates and Health Access California, with no opposition. The bill passed to the Privacy Committee, with the roll held open.
Finally, the committee heard SB 1248 on automated decision systems in state government, SB 1273 on short-form video advertising for winery instructional events, and SB 917 on allowing more small wineries to sell at farmers’ markets. SB 1248 drew the most debate: the author said it would create baseline guardrails for automated systems, require human review for adverse decisions, and help state agencies use automation responsibly, while labor groups opposed it as authorizing use before meaningful stakeholder engagement and collective bargaining input. Several members supported moving it forward but stressed the need for labor participation in future negotiations; it passed to the Privacy Committee with the roll held open. SB 1273 and SB 917 were both presented as modest measures to help the wine industry adapt to current marketing and sales conditions, and both passed to Appropriations with roll calls held open. The hearing then moved on to SB 1240, which would create an Office of Nonprofit Empowerment to help nonprofits navigate state procurement and grant processes; the author described nonprofits’ economic importance and the need for a liaison, but the transcript cuts off before testimony or action on that bill.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Governmental Organization Committee Mar 24th, 2026
Governmental Organization
Transcript Highlights:
- And yes, the labor movement brought needed change, but it was complex.
- In those 17 years, costs for labor, materials, and operations have risen dramatically.
- Yvonne Fernandez with the California Federation of Labor Unions in opposition. Thank you.
- As our labor partner said, no thanks, we're not, that's too fast, go back and do it next year.
- And I think even some of our labor friends have said that.
KY
Transcript Highlights:
- day and are further and further apart, and they have to be as efficient as possible to utilize the labor
- day and are further and further apart, and they have to be as efficient as possible to utilize the labor
- and everything else to get my of labor and everything else to get my milk<00:21:28.960><c> out</c><00
- </c><00:22:08.080><c> we</c><00:22:08.320><c> have</c> possible to utilize the labor we have possible
- to utilize the labor we have today<00:22:10.400><c> or</c><00:22:10.720><c> there</c><00:22:11.280><
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- And in 2025, as we've talked about in the labor committee quite a bit, the Northstar Policy Institute
- And in 2025, as we've talked about in the labor committee quite a bit, the Northstar Policy Institute
- I want to see what labor has to say more about this.
- </c> to it, but it is not it's not a labor to it, but it is not it's not a labor bill.<00:13:46.480><
- Um but again if if we use labor laws.
PA
Pennsylvania 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Session (Jul 10 2026)
Pennsylvania Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Thursday, July 9: House Bill 1239 referred to Urban Affairs and Housing; House Bill 2014 referred to Labor
- referred to Appropriations; House Bill 2413 referred to Appropriations; House Bill 2455 referred to Labor
- and Industry; House Bill 2460 referred to Education; House Bill 2499 referred to Labor and Industry;
- House Bill 2495 referred to Labor and Industry.
- Licensure; House Bill 2529 referred to Agricultural and Rural Affairs; House Bill 2558 referred to Labor
Summary:
The Senate met in a non-voting session, opened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, and received routine communications from the President pro tempore, the Governor, and the House. The House transmitted Senate Bills 604, 971, 972, and 1259, and several Senate and House bills and resolutions were referred to committees, including Judiciary, Appropriations, Finance, Education, Transportation, Labor and Industry, and others. The Senate also noted reports from the Department of State and the Department of Environmental Protection, and announced a minority leader appointment of Boyes Butler to the Philadelphia Regional Port Authority.
The chamber recessed briefly for committee meetings, including Judiciary and Appropriations in the Rules Room. When the Senate returned, Senator Pittman moved that all bills and resolutions on the day’s calendar go over in their order without prejudice, and the motion was adopted without objection. Committee reports were then received: Appropriations reported House Bills 2401, 2412, and 2413 as committed, and re-reported several other House bills as committed; Judiciary reported House Bill 1042 as amended.
The Senate then agreed to proceed on the first-time committee reports for House Bills 1042, 2401, 2412, and 2413, and moved on without further action. Announcements indicated the Appropriations Committee would meet the next day to consider House Bills 1042, 1505, and 2400. The Senate finally adopted a motion to recess until Saturday, July 11, 2026, at 5 p.m., unless recalled sooner.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Committee on Environment and Natural Resources Jun 21st, 2026 at 01:00 pm
Joint Committee on Environment and Natural Resources
Transcript Highlights:
- Climate Teen, Teen Intern, and apprenticeship programs, we help youth develop leadership and job skills
- We help youth develop leadership and job skills while connecting with experts in the field.
- We had to bring in water from off the farm, a significant expense and labor cost.
Summary:
The hearing covered a broad set of environmental and water-related bills, with much of the testimony focused on blue economy and circular economy proposals, drought management, drinking water safety, flood resilience, and water infrastructure funding. Supporters of bills such as H. 987 and H. 988 described grant programs for blue economy workforce development, research, small businesses, and public education about a circular economy. Other speakers backed measures on coastal erosion research, recreational boating dredging, cranberry water-right transfers, sand mining oversight, and a voucher program for home water filtration in PFAS-impacted communities. Several elected officials and advocates also urged passage of bills to require private well testing, improve school drinking water safety, and address sand mining pollution and PFAS contamination.
Water supply and drought issues drew extensive testimony. Senator Eldridge and others supported legislation to let the state, through DEP and the drought management task force, impose regional water-use restrictions during droughts and make the task force permanent in statute. Advocates from watershed groups, farms, and environmental organizations said the current town-by-town approach is inconsistent and ineffective, and they described drought impacts on rivers, farms, private wells, and wildfire risk. A related bill on private wells was supported as a way to help homeowners test and remediate contaminated wells, especially in rural areas without public water.
The committee also heard testimony on a bill to allow the Lynnfield Water District to join the MWRA, with local officials saying the move would help address PFAS and other contamination and improve supply reliability. Another major panel supported a water infrastructure funding bill, arguing that aging drinking water, wastewater, and stormwater systems need major new investment, including support for PFAS treatment, sewer rate relief, biosolids research, and regional interconnections. Members asked about costs, funding sources, and the relationship to existing revolving loan funds; witnesses said the bill would need to be paired with future bond funding and new revenue ideas. No votes were taken during the hearing, and the chairs repeatedly invited written testimony and noted the large number of speakers.
OK
Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session
House of Representatives Second Regular Session of the 60th Legislature Day 38 Apr 9th, 2026
Oklahoma House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- because those are net-neutral dollars, because traditionally we had always sent 16% of all associated labor
- I was on a recent panel and was asked, 'Being a legislator, what is the number one skill that you think
- Number one skill for a teacher, too. So doubly trained.
Keywords:
education funding, mental health services, public safety, housing, state budget, tax credit, parental choice, private school, income tax, dental insurance, health care, medical necessity, insurance claims, dentist rights, military discharge, veterans, DD Form 214, confidentiality, grandchildren access, veteran burial
Summary:
The House convened, completed the roll call, received an invocation focused on grief and remembrance, and heard several special presentations recognizing a brave child, visiting groups, and multiple student-athlete teams and school groups in the galleries. The chamber also introduced the Doctor of the Day and Nurse of the Day. The main business was consideration of the Joint Committee report on Senate Bill 1177, the general appropriations bill, presented by Chairman Caldwell-Trey.
Most of the floor time was spent on extended questions about the budget’s major features. Caldwell-Trey explained the bill as a largely flat or modestly increased budget that includes a $200 million transfer to a new sovereign wealth fund, $225 million in set-asides, a $12.5 million “dream accounts” program for newborns, and funding tied to teacher pay, education, workforce, public safety, agriculture, and health agencies. Members questioned the use of one-time funds for recurring expenses, the reduction in state contributions to the OPRS pension system, Medicaid assumptions, emergency management funding, veterans’ services, child care, school counselors, and the lack of funding for some requested items such as National Board Certified Teacher stipends and veterans’ facility maintenance. Caldwell-Trey defended the budget as transparent, early, and designed to preserve cash reserves while supporting core services.
No final vote on the appropriations report is reflected in the transcript excerpt. The House also heard explanations that the limits bills would be run later in committee, and that the budget negotiations were still ongoing with the Senate and governor on some related items. The session ended with the queue closed after the budget questioning, and the transcript cuts off during additional remarks from Representative Timmons.
FL
Florida 2026 5th Special Session
FL House Floor Session - 2025-04-29 (10:00AM Session)
Florida House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Grant them unity, Lord, as they labor together for the common good of the great state of Florida and
- program must implement crisis intervention team training to equip law enforcement officers with the skills
- program must implement crisis intervention team training to equip law enforcement officers with the skills
Summary:
The Senate convened with a quorum, opened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, and heard several member introductions before taking up the special order calendar. The chamber first postponed CS/SB 80 on state land management, then moved through a series of bills, often substituting House companions when identical or nearly identical. Early actions included unanimous passage of HB 295 on a comprehensive waste reduction and recycling plan, which directs DEP to develop a recycling and waste-diversion roadmap, and passage of CS/CS/SB 492 on land development and mitigation banking after amendments addressing out-of-service credits and former phosphate mine lands; that bill passed 35-3 after debate over possible constitutional concerns. The Senate also passed HB 255 on aggravated animal cruelty, adding a sentencing multiplier and a searchable FDLE database of convicted animal abusers, and HB 711 establishing the Spectrum Alert for missing children with autism, with $190,000 in nonrecurring implementation funds and a July 1, 2026 implementation date.
The chamber then approved HB 1089 to add Duchenne muscular dystrophy to newborn screening, and HB 393 revising the My Safe Florida Condominium Pilot Program to expand eligible mitigation projects, lower the approval threshold, and clarify ownership and reimbursement issues. Members discussed funding levels and whether insurance premium credits would be required, but the bill passed unanimously. The Senate also passed HB 1145 on workforce education, HB 827 on a statewide study of automation and workforce impact, and HB 181 on parole guidelines, all without recorded opposition. CS/CS/SB 976 on court-appointed psychologists also passed unanimously, as did HB 1451 on sexual cyber harassment, which broadened protections against non-consensual and digitally forged intimate images.
Later, the Senate approved HB 1156 creating the Home Health Aid for Medically Fragile Children Program, after clarifying training requirements and hearing support that the measure would help families keep medically fragile children at home while compensating trained parents. The chamber also passed HB 1091 on substance abuse and mental health care, with an amendment allowing designated facilities to retain stabilized patients who still meet involuntary examination criteria. Throughout the day, senators used questions and debate to probe charter school governance in CS/CS/SB 822, which was substituted with HB 443 and amended to expand charter autonomy over conduct codes, enrollment, reporting, and facility use while maintaining sponsor oversight; that bill was placed on the calendar for third reading rather than voted on in the excerpt. Several other measures, including SB 716, SB 76, and the final SB 1252 item, were postponed or not reached before the transcript ended.
FL
Transcript Highlights:
- Grant them unity, Lord, as they labor together for the common good of the great state of Florida and
- program must implement crisis intervention team training to equip law enforcement officers with the skills
- program must implement crisis intervention team training to equip law enforcement officers with the skills
Summary:
The Senate convened with a quorum, opened with prayer and the Pledge, and heard several member introductions and recognitions. The Rules Chair moved CS/CS/SB 622 to the end of the special order calendar, which was adopted without objection. SB 80 on state land management was temporarily postponed, as were later bills SB 716 and CS/CS/CS/SB 1348.
The chamber then took up a series of bills, often substituting House companions and adopting amendments before final passage. Measures approved included a comprehensive waste reduction and recycling plan (HB 295, 38-0), mitigation banking and land development changes with a phosphate mining lands amendment (CS/CS/SB 492, 35-3), aggravated animal cruelty with a searchable FDLE database and sentencing multiplier (HB 255, 37-0), the Spectrum Alert for missing children with autism and related training/funding (HB 711, 37-0), newborn screening for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (CS/CS/HB 1089, 36-0), and revisions to the My Safe Florida Condominium Pilot Program to expand eligible mitigation projects and adjust approval thresholds (CS/CS/HB 393, 37-0).
The Senate also passed workforce education legislation allowing charter schools access to grant funding and expanding money-back guarantees (HB 1145, 37-0), a statewide study on automation and workforce impact (HB 827, 35-0), parole guideline revisions (HB 181, 37-0), court-appointed psychologist procedures in family law cases (HB 901, 37-0), sexual cyber harassment protections covering digitally forged intimate images (HB 1451, 37-0), a home health aide program for medically fragile children with training and reimbursement provisions (CS/CS/SB 1156, 37-0), substance abuse and mental health care changes including 988 oversight and involuntary examination procedures (HB 1091, 37-0), a feasibility study for a statewide pond data database (HB 1359, 37-0), and Department of Law Enforcement housekeeping changes and retired police dog reimbursements (HB 1053, 37-0). The most extensive debate centered on the charter schools bill (HB 443), which expanded charter autonomy, reporting parity, enrollment flexibility, and governance rules; after a delete-all amendment and a friendly amendment, it was placed on the third-reading calendar rather than immediately voted on. Several bills were briefly discussed with concerns about transparency, accountability, funding, and constitutional issues, but all bills brought to a vote during this segment passed.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Rules and Legislative Administration Committee 5/7/25
Rules and Legislative Administration
Transcript Highlights:
- They want to be planned and ready to go and they're ranging their labor force.
- </c><00:03:55.680><c> So,</c> they're ranging their labor force.
- So, they're ranging their labor force.
- </c><00:06:49.759><c> Uh</c><00:06:50.000><c> that</c> problems in the labor bill.
- Uh that problems in the labor bill.
AL
Alabama 2025 Regular Session
Alabama Joint Legislative Budget Hearings Feb 5th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- The labor market remains solid and actually...
- The labor market remains solid, and actually, unemployment has stabilized at the 4.1% level.
- The labor force participation rate increased by 0.1%.
- The national average of the National Labor Participation Rate is 62.5%.
- The civilian labor force increased to 2.3 million, which includes 31,000 more people joining the labor
WA
Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Pro Forma Floor Session Feb 20th, 2026 at 12:30 pm
Washington Senate Floor Meeting
LA
Transcript Highlights:
- 'Unless the Lord build the house, they labor in vain who build it.'
- a concurrent resolution urging the President of the United States, the United States Department of Labor
- An independent contractor engages in manual labor.
- It went through labor committee. That's correct.
- Senator Sebaw: Labor will not meet tomorrow in Room C or anywhere else.