Video & Transcript Research : 'termination fees'

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TX

Texas 89th Regular

Business and Commerce May 15th, 2025

Business & Commerce

Transcript Highlights:
  • The right to terminate applies only if the municipality or county properly filed the PID service plan
  • The right to terminate applies only are fully informed before finalizing their purchase.
  • The right to terminate applies only if the municipality or county properly filed the PIDS service plan
  • It would clarify that proof of fraud or intent is not required for an insurer to terminate or rescind
  • Despite this, some policyholders still incur financing fees because they use third-party services to
Summary: The committee first handled pending business, including reconsidering SB 715 and then voting out several measures. The committee substitute for SB 1978 was reported favorably, and HB 431, HB 1522, HB 1922, HB 3228, HB 3229, HB 3803, HB 3804, HB 3805, HB 3806, HB 4219, HB 4238, HB 434, HB 1584, and HB 4739 were all reported favorably, many with objections sent to the local and uncontested calendar. HB 1522 and HB 4238 were adopted as committee substitutes before passage. The committee then moved into public testimony on HB 2963, a right-to-repair bill for consumer electronics. Supporters argued it would reduce waste, lower costs, and help independent repair shops by requiring manufacturers to provide parts, tools, and information on fair terms, while opponents said the bill was too broad and the automotive MOU exemption was problematic. The bill was left pending after testimony. The committee also heard HB 2467, which would align State Fire Marshal Office investigators’ pay with other commissioned peace officers at TDI; testimony was strongly supportive, emphasizing the office’s arson-investigation role, and the bill was left pending. HB 252, a bill allowing certain state agencies flexibility to pay Schedule A employees twice monthly, was laid out and left pending after limited testimony. HB 2468, dealing with public improvement district notice in real estate transactions, would let buyers terminate within seven days if required PID notice was not provided before contract execution; it drew no public testimony and was left pending. HB 4386, an annuity exchange and surrender process bill, was presented as a consumer-protection measure with deadlines and penalties for insurer delays; it received support from industry witnesses and was left pending. The committee then heard HB 4751, creating the Texas Quantum Initiative within the Governor’s Office to coordinate quantum research, workforce, industry partnerships, and possible future grant funding. Witnesses from universities and industry supported the bill, while several senators questioned whether a new state structure was necessary; the bill was left pending. HJR 175 proposed a constitutional amendment protecting Texans’ right to use mutually agreed forms of exchange, including cash, bullion, digital currency, or private script, and was discussed at length in the context of central bank digital currency and barter; it was left pending after testimony. HB 2221, updating insurance anti-rebating laws to allow wellness and value-added services, drew supportive testimony from the insurance industry and discussion about incentives versus monitoring; it was also left pending. Finally, the committee heard a series of utility wildfire and infrastructure bills: HB 106, requiring oil and gas operators to maintain certain electrical infrastructure near well sites; HB 144, requiring electric utilities to submit pole inspection and management plans to the PUC; and HB 145, requiring wildfire mitigation plans and allowing self-insurance under certain conditions. Utility, insurance, and cooperative witnesses generally supported the wildfire-related bills while asking for clarifications and less burdensome reporting, and the bills were left pending.
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

Business and Commerce May 15th, 2025

Business & Commerce

Transcript Highlights:
  • The right to terminate applies only... ...property within a public improvement district.
  • The right to terminate applies only... ...are fully informed before finalizing their purchase.
  • The right to terminate applies only if the municipality or county properly filed the PID service plan
  • It would clarify that proof of fraud or intent is not required for an insurer to terminate or rescind
  • If an insured person dies within two years of issuance of their life policy, then we pay the fees to
Summary: The committee first handled pending business, including reconsidering a failed vote on SB 715 and then reporting several measures favorably. SB 1978 was reported from committee on a committee substitute, and a series of House bills — including HB 431, HB 1522, HB 1922, HB 3228, HB 3229, HB 3803, HB 3804, HB 3805, HB 3806, HB 4219, HB 4238, HB 434, HB 1584, and HB 4739 — were moved out of committee, most to the local and uncontested calendar. The votes on these items were overwhelmingly or unanimously in favor, with committee substitutes adopted where applicable. The committee then heard HB 2963, a right-to-repair bill for consumer electronics. The author said the bill would require manufacturers to provide parts, tools, and documentation on fair and reasonable terms while preserving trade secrets and excluding certain categories such as medical devices, motor vehicles covered by an MOU, critical infrastructure, and commercial-only transactions. Supporters from the Texas Public Policy Foundation and Environment Texas argued it would strengthen property rights, help small businesses, and reduce e-waste. Opponents, including representatives of SafeLight Auto Glass and LKQ, said they supported right-to-repair in principle but objected to the bill’s automotive MOU exemption and broader scope, warning it could create uncertainty and leave some manufacturers and repair shops outside the framework. The bill was left pending after testimony. Members also heard HB 2467 on salary parity for State Fire Marshal investigators, HB 252 on allowing some state agencies to pay certain employees twice monthly, HB 2468 on public improvement district notice and a buyer’s right to terminate, HB 4386 on annuity contract exchanges and surrender timelines, HB 4751 creating a Texas Quantum Initiative and related fund, and HJR 175 proposing a constitutional amendment protecting Texans’ ability to use mutually agreed-upon mediums of exchange, including cash, bullion, and digital currency. Testimony on HB 4751 was largely supportive but included questions about whether the state needs a new coordinating structure and funding mechanism for quantum research and commercialization. HJR 175 drew discussion about barter, taxes, and concerns over central bank digital currency. Each of these items was left pending after hearing testimony. The committee also heard HB 2221, which would update insurance anti-rebating laws to allow more wellness and value-added services in life and health insurance, with supporters saying it would encourage healthier behavior without requiring data monitoring. Finally, the committee took up a package of utility and wildfire-related bills from Chairman King’s portfolio: HB 106, requiring oil and gas operators to maintain certain overhead electrical lines; HB 144, requiring utilities to submit pole inspection and management plans to the PUC; and HB 145, requiring wildfire mitigation plans and allowing utilities to self-insure under certain conditions. Utility, co-op, and insurance representatives generally supported the safety and resiliency goals of HB 144, while asking for clarifications and less frequent reporting; HB 145 was introduced as a broader wildfire-risk and liability measure. These bills were also left pending after testimony.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships Apr 22nd, 2025

S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships

Transcript Highlights:
  • HB3281 amends the grounds for the termination of parental rights, elevates the burden of proof to terminate
  • It relates to a termination for past behavior of your past terminations.
  • This ground for termination only applies in DFPS cases. the equal protection clause.
  • Right now, the way that the termination grounds operate allows for termination.
  • And if we don't terminate the rights, what happens to those children?
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Transportation Finance and Policy Committee 4/13/26

Transportation Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • There is no fund that this excess fees are going to be going to.
  • There is no fund that this excess fees are going to be going to.
  • There is no fund that this excess fees are going to be going to.
  • There is no fund that this excess fees are going to be going to.
  • There is no fund that this excess fees are going to be going to.
Summary: The committee approved the April 8, 2026 minutes and then heard House File 3373, which was laid over. The bill sought trunk highway bond funding for preliminary and final design work at the 70th Street interchange in St. Paul Park. Representative Hansen, Mayor Keith Frankie, and Washington County Commissioner Karla Bigham described the interchange as undersized and increasingly unsafe because of refinery truck traffic, aggregate hauling, nearby growth, and changing traffic patterns. Members asked about prior study, cost, and greenhouse gas requirements, and the bill author said the request was about $500,000. Chair Cosgrove noted the bill would be laid over and suggested the issue could involve future statutory exemptions. The committee then took up House File 4449, also laid over, after adopting the A4 author’s amendment. Representative Jones presented the bill as a transit planning and accountability measure for the Twin Cities metro. It would set numeric transit goals, require better coordination between road projects and future transit projects, and give the Met Council more tools to support transit-oriented development, including property acquisition and development around transit corridors. Jones argued the bill would help avoid rebuilding roads twice and improve transit ridership, frequency, speed, and reliability. Representative Olson offered an amendment to exempt highway projects primarily addressing documented safety issues, arguing that safety projects should not be burdened by added transit requirements or costs. Jones said she supported the safety concern but opposed the amendment as written because the bill was aimed at major construction projects. After a roll call, the amendment failed on an 8-8 tie. The bill itself remained laid over for further work, with the chair noting there was still time to refine the proposal.
OK

Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session

Aeronautics and Transportation Apr 6th, 2026 at 10:00 am

Aeronautics and Transportation

Transcript Highlights:
  • House bill 3443 has simply raises the oversize and overweight permit fees.
  • Essentially, the purpose for raising the fees is so that the oversized and overweight Permit fees would
  • An oversized and overweight permit fees should pay for the Weigh stations, and so this bill helps do
  • It looks like we're raising the fee by dollars, I think.
  • There are a number of fees being raised, permit fees being raised.
HI

Hawaii 2026 Regular Session

TRS-LBT, TRS Public Hearings 03-19-2026

Transportation

Summary: The joint hearing of the Transportation and Labor and Technology committees considered HB 2097, which would allow administrative driver’s license revocation hearings to be held by interactive conference technology such as Zoom and permit electronic exchange of evidence. DOT and the Administrative Driver’s License Revocation Office supported the bill, saying Zoom hearings have worked well since 2021 and save time and money. Both committees passed HB 2097 with technical and nonsubstantive amendments. The Transportation Committee then heard HB 1163 on commercial driver licensing, HB 2113 on funding vegetation removal from the Kaola Stream drainage way, HB 2283 on port pilotage, HB 1588 on a noise detection camera program, and HB 2333 on airport special districts and aeronautics penalties. DOT asked for HB 1163 to use “non-domiciled” language to match federal rules, and the committee passed it with amendments. For HB 2113, the Department of Agriculture and Biosecurity said the project would likely need about $1 million, and the committee passed the bill with amendments while noting the funding would be reflected in the committee report rather than the measure itself. HB 2283 drew broad support from maritime and labor interests, but the committee deferred it, saying the Senate version was already moving and would be used instead. HB 1588 received support from DOT and several community and health-related testifiers who said noise from traffic is a serious problem, but the committee expressed concern about enforcement language and re-referred the bill to Judiciary/Ways and Means while still passing it forward. HB 2333 was supported by DOT and airline interests; after questions about airport loitering and sleeping rules, the committee passed it as is. In the final decision-making, the committee adopted the chair’s recommendations on HB 1163, HB 2113, HB 1588, and HB 2333, and deferred HB 2283.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Elections Finance and Government Operations Committee 3/18/26 - Afternoon Meeting

Elections Finance and Government Operations

Transcript Highlights:
  • that they comply and make them aware that, one, it's a requirement, and two, there are late filing fees
  • <00:52:20.640> if and two, there are late filing fees if and two, there are late filing fees
  • for their economic interest filing fees for their economic interest statement.<00:53:13.280> Um
  • The effective date is the date following final enactment, to basically stop the clock on legal fees as
  • The effective date is the date following final enactment, to basically stop the clock on legal fees as
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

03/17/2026 - House Natural Resources, Energy & Water

Natural Resources, Energy & Water

Transcript Highlights:
  • So you have 2,400 homes, you said, so they all pay their HOA fees, and this would probably be an extra
  • financial impact of the tortosa homeowners so you have 2,400 homes you said so they all pay their HOA fees
  • Chair and members, Senate Bill 1447 extends the exemption from the groundwater withdrawal fee for water
  • The bill additionally extends by four years the groundwater withdrawal fee for groundwater and irrigation
  • This continues a fee for pumping groundwater currently on existing agricultural lands.
Summary: The committee heard several water and energy-related measures. SB 1200, as amended, addressed Arizona Department of Water Resources treatment of certain “conduit lakes” in active management areas, allowing some existing lake systems to continue using groundwater mixed with effluent for irrigation or landscaping purposes. ADWR testified in opposition to the amendment’s policy implications and enforcement concerns, while HOA, homebuilder, and resident witnesses argued the bill would grandfather existing communities, avoid costly system redesigns, and reflect prior agency practice. The committee adopted the strike-everything amendment and then passed SB 1200 on a 6-3 vote. SB 1419, dealing with residential rooftop solar installations, was amended to add consumer-protection and disclosure requirements, including roof inspection and installation standards, clearer contract disclosures, and contractor responsibilities. County and industry witnesses said the bill was the product of a lengthy stakeholder process aimed at addressing misleading sales practices and installation problems, though some technical issues were still to be resolved on the floor. The committee adopted the amendment and passed SB 1419 on a 6-1 vote with two members present and one absent. SB 1447, which extends Pinal AMA groundwater withdrawal fee provisions and related fund deadlines, was supported by irrigation and agricultural interests as a way to finance local infrastructure and conservation during Colorado River uncertainty; it passed 7-1 with one present and one absent. SB 1560 raised the maximum single loan amount from the Water Supply Development Revolving Fund from $3 million to $20 million. WIFA said the current cap was too low for larger rural water projects and that the change would better match demand without harming the fund’s revolving nature; the bill passed 8-1 with one absent. The committee also approved SCM 1004, urging Congress to clearly define EPA powers and duties, despite some members saying it was unnecessary or backward-looking; it passed 6-2 with one absent. The meeting then adjourned.
OK

Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session

Transportation Feb 18th, 2026 at 10:30 am

Transportation

Transcript Highlights:
  • Members, what this does is it just updates the permits and fees for oversized, overweight loads.
  • It just updates the permits and fees for oversized, overweight loads.
  • I I don't know that these fees are actually in admin rules.
  • I think these fees are actually in statute. That's the reason we're amending them here. Okay.
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

02/10/2026 - Senate Natural Resources

Natural Resources

Transcript Highlights:
  • So the withdrawal fee, the total withdrawal fee, I don't know the... Mr. Chair, Senator Gabaldón.
  • So the withdrawal fee, the total withdrawal fee, I don't know the answer to that.
  • So there's the DWR director sets the fee every year.
  • It's gotten very confusing how you have a small fee over here, and then you have a $500 fee over here
  • It's got very consuming how, confusing how you have a small fee over here, and then you have a $500 fee
Summary: The committee took up several appropriations and policy bills, beginning with SB 1488, which would provide $600,000 for a workforce development study on coal-impacted communities in northern Arizona, including areas affected by the closure of the Navajo Generating Station. The sponsor and supporters said the study is intended to help communities transition economically, diversify, and support new jobs; the bill received a do-pass recommendation on a 7-0 vote. SB 1523, appropriating $340,000 to the Navajo Nation for the Ganado waterline pipeline project, was also advanced after testimony that the project would bring clean drinking water to about 235 homes and that the remaining funding gap had been reduced to the requested amount; it passed 7-0 with one member not voting. The committee then approved SB 1041, which would appropriate $500,000 to the Arizona Trail Fund. Supporters described the Arizona Trail as a statewide recreational and cultural asset that needs maintenance and continued support, and the bill received a do-pass recommendation on a 7-0 vote. SB 1445, which would allow smaller cities and towns to use approved on-site bacteriological testing equipment and limit how often ADEQ may require sampling, drew concern from one member about whether the language could be read as restricting sampling during discharge events, but supporters said it would save small towns money; it passed 5-3. Members also advanced SB 1580, a $2.545 million appropriation for fire incident management software and hardware for fire and law enforcement agencies. Fire officials said the platform would improve accountability, information sharing, drone integration, and interoperability during incidents; the bill passed 5-3. SB 1363, which would create additional rural dispensary licensing opportunities for underserved areas, drew support from rural advocates and opposition from the dispensary industry over the number of licenses and transferability language; it passed 8-0. SB 1418, which would streamline siting for small modular nuclear reactors in certain counties, was supported by proponents who argued it would help Arizona meet future energy demand and opposed by counties and environmental groups concerned about local zoning, public review, and waste; it passed 5-3. Finally, SB 1419, a rooftop solar consumer-protection bill requiring added disclosures and inspections, was supported by county officials and some consumer advocates but opposed by solar industry representatives and environmental groups who said it could discourage rooftop solar and restrict speech; it passed 6-2. The committee then began hearing SB 1447, which would extend the groundwater withdrawal fee moratorium and related fund deadlines for Pinal County water projects, with supporters saying the extension is needed to continue well rehabilitation and infrastructure work after Colorado River and CAP-related cuts.
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

01/28/2026 - Senate Government

Government

Transcript Highlights:
  • Chair, members, Senate Bill 1045 prohibits a city, town, or county from imposing a tax or fee, except
  • Funding is primarily generated through user-driven revenue, including park entrance fees, camping fees
  • The revenue... ...entrance fees, camping fees, cabin rentals, and annual passes.
  • The fees residents pay, they go directly back to the local community.
  • And the free pass will cover day-use entrance fees only, so it won't include camping or anything like
Summary: The committee first handled Senate Bill 1045, which would bar cities, towns, and counties from taxing or charging fees on the use of blockchain technology in residences, with limited exceptions. The sponsor said the bill was a repeat of a measure vetoed the prior year and framed it as a tax-preemption issue. There was no testimony, and the bill was moved and passed out of committee on a 4-3 vote. The committee then heard Senate Bill 1019, which would prohibit the addition of fluoride to public water systems. Senator Shamp argued the bill was about health freedom, informed consent, and emerging research she said raised concerns about fluoride’s benefits and possible neurodevelopmental risks. Opponents, including representatives of Arizona dental and public health groups, testified that community water fluoridation is safe, effective, and especially important for low-income and rural communities with limited dental access. After extended debate, the bill received a do pass recommendation on a 4-3 vote. Senate Bill 1050 would provide free lifetime state park passes to Arizona veterans. State Parks testified neutrally but warned the measure could reduce revenue used to support park operations and rural economies; the sponsor said the bill was prompted by a park visit where veterans were charged admission. The committee also approved SB 1050 on a 4-3 vote. Later, SB 1078, dealing with de novo review in public records denial cases, passed unanimously after support from the Goldwater Institute, and SB 1083, which would prevent HOAs and condo associations from banning certain lighted home address devices for emergency response, also passed after testimony from the sponsor and a homeowners coalition.
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

Community Affairs Jan 20th, 2026

Community Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • The impact fees, right? Yes, sir. Oh, I'm sorry.
  • After 20 years of not raising an impact fee, when that impact fee does finally get adjusted for growth
  • , After 20 years of not raising an impact fee, when that impact fee does finally get adjusted for growth
  • You know, this isn't about not paying impact fees.
  • Thank you. ...fees, it's about not having been charged or having the impact fees raised over a period
Summary: The committee met with a quorum present and took up a series of local claims, public records, growth management, permitting, and nuisance bills. It first heard and approved SB 16, SB 14, and SB 24, all uncontested claims bills providing relief related to injuries or settlements involving the City of St. Petersburg and Miami-Dade County. The committee also approved SB 288 on rural electric cooperatives, which narrows statutory language to protect co-op decisions on generation and power purchases while preserving consumer protections, and SB 830, which creates a public records exemption for certain personal information of county and city managers and their families due to reported threats against local officials. Members then considered SB 1138 on qualified contractors and development review, which would create a registry of licensed professionals to help local governments process pre-application reviews and plats more quickly. Local government groups raised concerns about preemption and preserving quasi-judicial authority, while private-provider supporters backed the bill; Senator Sharief voted no, and the bill was reported favorably. The committee also approved SB 168, expanding public nuisance law to include gambling houses and increasing penalties, and SB 686 on agricultural enclaves, which revises the enclave process, adds a public hearing path, limits it to certain residential projects in urban service areas, and was amended to change a date to June 30, 2026 before being reported favorably. The committee next approved CS for SB 548 on growth management and impact fees, which clarifies plan-based methodology, extraordinary circumstances, interlocal agreements, and refund procedures for improper fee collections. Testimony reflected support for clearer standards but also concerns about fee increases and refund administration. Finally, SB 1234 on building permits and inspections was reported favorably; it would extend permit validity, exempt some low-value work from permitting, create a statewide residential permit form, speed review timelines, and expand private-provider use, drawing opposition from a Miami-Dade building official who argued for continued local oversight and support from private-provider advocates. Senator Jones requested to be recorded as voting affirmatively on several tabs and negatively on tab 9, and the committee adjourned after all bills were disposed of.
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

Community Affairs Jan 13th, 2026

Community Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • It requires a reduction in permit fees attributable to plans review or building inspection services when
  • And lastly, on the fee portion, we just don't believe that a one-size-fits-all is the proper way for
  • a fee reduction, so we're just trying to work that out as well.
  • And lastly, on the fee portion, we just don't believe that a one-size-fits-all is the proper way for
  • a fee reduction, so we're just trying to work that out as well.
Summary: The committee took up several bills related to public safety, housing, disaster recovery, construction, and land use. SB 330 clarified the heart disease presumption for firefighters, law enforcement, and correctional officers, aligned the definition of heart disease with medical practice, and allowed a transferring law enforcement officer to rely on a prior physical if the new agency does not provide one. An amendment stating the act serves an important state interest was adopted, and the bill passed unanimously after supportive testimony from law enforcement and fire groups. SB 594 expanded local housing assistance eligibility to residents of mobile home communities, including SHIP rental assistance for lot rent and rehabilitation/emergency repair programs for the home itself; it also passed unanimously after support from manufactured housing advocates. SB 840 revised the hurricane-related land use limits enacted in prior legislation by sunsetting certain temporary restrictions on June 30, 2026, narrowing the affected area from 100 miles to 50 miles from a storm track, and exempting certain planning, water, wastewater, stormwater, and flood-related decisions. The sponsor said the bill was intended to fix unintended consequences of prior hurricane recovery legislation, and the measure was reported favorably on a unanimous vote. SB 526 addressed commercial construction projects by prohibiting “no damages for delay” clauses in public construction contracts, directing the Florida Building Commission to create a uniform commercial permit application, requiring permit fee reductions when private providers are used, and adding mitigation to product approval categories; county representatives raised concerns about implementation and fees, but the bill passed favorably. The committee also approved SB 504 and SB 506, both by Senator Burgess, creating a framework for code inspector body camera use and a related public records exemption for recordings. Both were described as optional for local governments and were reported favorably without opposition. Finally, the committee considered CS/SB 354, a major “blue ribbon projects” bill creating a framework for very large developments that would reserve at least 60% of land for conservation, agriculture, recreation, utilities, and related uses in exchange for streamlined approval and state preemption over local land use controls. The bill drew extensive testimony both for and against, with supporters emphasizing housing supply and land preservation and opponents warning about local control, sprawl, infrastructure costs, and weak conservation protections. Two amendments were adopted to define reserve areas more specifically and address conservation easements, and the committee reported the bill favorably on a divided vote, with Senator Passidomo voting no.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

State Affairs Apr 25th, 2025

State Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • It waives governmental immunity, costing taxpayers even more in legal fees and draining local budgets
  • pills, as you are going to learn in testimony today, not only, of course, if they're effective, terminate
  • It's basically a two-step process: first, the baby's terminated, and then there's a drug that induces
  • I believe that that child that has been terminated... is in fact a human life worthy of protection.
  • Terminate the pregnancy, does that rapist have a cause of action?
TX

Texas 89th Regular

State Affairs Apr 25th, 2025

State Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • Yep, and costs and reasonable attorney's fees are... included as well? Correct.
  • Terminates that woman's pregnancy. Yeah. Yes. Okay, they could be sued, right?
  • And a miscarriage Terminated pregnancy, of which my wife and I have suffered.
  • Abortion to terminate the life of a baby in Texas is illegal in the state I represent.
  • Without these medications for terminations and beyond, women will die.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Criminal Jurisprudence Apr 1st, 2025

Criminal Jurisprudence

Transcript Highlights:
  • homes, even when their assault occurs elsewhere, which is why HB 47 would extend victims' rights to terminate
  • While every component of House Bill 47 is a essential to enact, Section 20 relating to early lease terminations
  • And when they say child pornography. fee, that does horrify me.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships Mar 31st, 2025

S/C on Family & Fiduciary Relationships

Transcript Highlights:
  • I'm clear in my mind about what attorney's fees are, and I'm very clear on what court costs are.
  • Is it possible to be a winner in a case and then have to pay the other side's attorney's fees?
  • The other situation you have is when one party requests interim fees, they're accessing the community
  • For attorney fees, they belong to both parties, so to speak, and so the court will certainly...
  • for those fees and the explicit mention of costs and expenses are erratic.