Transcript Highlights:

• be online, but they will be in person here at the Capitol, as all bills in the normal course of business
• And really, we're going about very important business. We all know it.
• Senate Bill 26 by Alvarado, relating to a disaster recovery loan program for small and micro businesses

Bills: SR5 , SB5 , SB11 , SB12 , SB25 , SB26 , SB28 , SB35 , SB5 , SB11 , SB12 , SB25 , SB26 , SB28 , SB35

Keywords: redistricting, Senate procedures, public input, Texas Legislature, amendments, Texas Senate, congressional districts, legislative procedures, legislative transparency, Senate rules, public hearings, committee procedures, hemp regulation, consumable products, cannabinoids, occupational licenses, criminal offenses, SB 11, Texas attorney general, election crimes

Summary: The meeting centered around the discussion of congressional redistricting, where the committee established the procedures to ensure a fair and transparent process. Led by Senator King, the session focused on adopting a resolution that authorized a special committee dedicated to congressional redistricting and allowed for regional hearings to gather public input via videoconferencing. Concerns were raised about ensuring adequate notice for public participation, especially from marginalized communities potentially affected by proposed changes. Disagreements emerged regarding the timeline for regional hearings and how to address the implications of the redistricting process on minority districts. Overall, participants acknowledged the complex nature of redistricting and the importance of engaging constituents in the legislative process.

Transcript Highlights:

• guess my other question is, why is this not in the Public Safety Oversight Committee versus the business
• Insurance Department bills go through the Insurance Committee and then work up to the Business and Commerce
• We want to ensure that somebody who owns a small share isn't able to gum up any potential actions that

Bills: SB378 , SB540 , SB1061 , SB1475 , SB1531 , SB1534 , SB1684 , SB1824 , SB1826 , SB2049

Committee: House Commerce & Economic Development Oversight

Keywords: bail bondsman, bondsman license, multicounty agent bondsman, surety bondsman, Insurance Commissioner, bail bond regulation, bond deposit, forfeiture, deposit ratio, writing capacity, license transfer, power of attorney, surety bond, bail industry, Oklahoma insurance law, financial solvency, administrative action, dentist, dental hygienist, dentistry

Transcript Highlights:

• Today, after we're done with our business on the floor, any new business that we don't get to will be
• of the Texas Business Law Foundation.
• Business Law Foundation.
• I'm also with the Texas Business Law Foundation and sit on the Texas Business Organization Committee.
• I mean, do they not have business...

Bills: HB5621 , HB4904 , HB5067 , HB5076 , HB5081 , HB5354 , HB4862 , HB3847 , HB4088 , HB4157 , HB2966 , HB2287 , HB4203 , HB4803 , HB4737 , HB5093 , HB783 , HB5411 , HB4281

Committee: House Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence

Keywords: HB 5621, consumer protection, Deceptive Trade Practices Act, DTPA, Business & Commerce Code, attorney general, consumer protection division, district attorney, county attorney, local prosecutor, civil investigative demand, CID, voluntary compliance, financial institution records, bank records, privacy, protective order, in camera review, trade secrets, insurer

Transcript Highlights:

• As a matter of pending business, House Bill 2468.
• As a matter of pending business, House Bill 4386.
• Chair lays out, as a matter of pending business, House Bill 149.
• If we exempt Chapter 1304 businesses and other unlicensed sales of service businesses this session, more
• businesses and industries will push for exemption next session.

Bills: HB146 , HB150 , HB1500 , HB1545 , HB1562 , HB2067 , HB2520 , HB2818 , HB3214 , HB3250 , HB3466 , HB3512 , HB3623 , HB4063 , HB4395 , HB4464 , HB4668 , HB4690 , HB5331 , HB3833

Committee: Senate Business & Commerce

Keywords: HB 146, Texas Capitol, State Capitol, State Preservation Board, Congress Avenue, Travis County, traffic lanes, lane closure, road closure, municipal authority, local control, Capitol area, downtown Austin, special events, construction traffic plan, pedestrian safety, public works, transportation policy, government code chapter 443, cybersecurity

Summary: The committee took up several pending business items and reported a series of House bills out of committee, including HB 2467, HB 2468, HB 2518, HB 4310, HB 4386, HB 4490, HB 5323, and HB 149. Most of these were advanced on committee substitute motions and sent to the local and uncontested calendar or reported favorably to the full Senate. HB 2467 drew one nay vote, while the others were approved without opposition. HB 4310 and HB 4386 were described as committee-substitute versions with changes narrowing disclosure requirements and preserving attorney-client privilege in certain circumstances. A major portion of the meeting focused on HB 149, an AI governance bill. The substitute was explained as addressing biometric identifier capture and storage, exempting certain AI uses for security and fraud prevention, clarifying definitions, restricting AI systems that simulate explicit child sexual content, adjusting Attorney General investigative authority, refining sandbox program waivers, reducing Texas AI Council powers and membership, and adding DIR coordination provisions. The committee adopted the substitute and reported the bill favorably. The committee then heard extensive testimony on HB 1500, the DIR sunset bill. The author said the bill would continue DIR for 12 years, restructure its board, update advisory committees, require regular cybersecurity assessments and penetration testing for state agencies, improve IT procurement training, and transfer the e-grants program to the Comptroller. A Texas 2036 witness supported the bill as a way to strengthen governance, procurement, and cybersecurity. Members asked detailed questions about the bill’s structure and then left HB 1500 pending. The committee also heard a lengthy presentation on HB 150, which would create the Texas Cyber Command as a component of the University of Texas System, administratively attached to UTSA and located in San Antonio. The author argued the command would centralize cyber threat intelligence, incident response, and digital forensics, and would be able to support state and local entities, with optional services for local governments. Members raised concerns about university mission drift, governance, security, chain of command, procurement authority, gifts and donations, and civil liberties implications of proactive cyber monitoring. Witnesses from UTSA/NSCC and SecurityScorecard testified in support, emphasizing the security of the downtown San Antonio facility, the existing cyber ecosystem there, and the need for a dedicated cyber capability. The bill remained under discussion with no final committee action announced in the excerpt.

Transcript Highlights:

• Senate Committee on Business Commerce will come to order. Clerk Calderall.
• This is the 2nd meeting of the Business and Commerce, uh, Committee.
• of the Business commerce Committee.
• We support Senate Bill 72 because consumers and businesses that rent from us have asked for collision
• They're not, they're not small market cap ETFs.

Bills: SB 21 , SB 72 , SB 140 , SB 262 , SB 370 , SB 372 , SB 495 , SB 627 , SB 703 , SB 764 , SB 842

Committee: Senate Business & Commerce

Keywords: cryptocurrency, bitcoin, investment reserve, economic resilience, financial security, vehicle rental, damage waiver, consumer rights, business regulations, refund policy, telephone solicitation, telemarketing, text message marketing, SMS marketing, robotext, spam text, consumer protection, deceptive trade practices, DTPA, Business & Commerce Code

Transcript Highlights:

• Please join me as we invoke heaven's help to conduct Earth's business.
• Third order of business, message from the Senate, clerk will read.
• Eighth order of business. Eighth order of business.
• Sixth order of business, second reading of bills.
• And again, that sounds small. It sounds like it's nothing.

Bills: HB1160 , HB1289 , HB1339 , HB1798 , HB1065 , HB2113 , HB2124 , HB2125 , HB2134 , HB2140 , HB2185 , HB2191 , HB2205 , HB2219 , HB2245 , HB2283 , HB2343 , HB2406 , HB2501 , HB2574 , HB1544 , HB1834 , HB2156 , HB2188 , HB2206 , HB2478 , HJM4012 , HB1104 , HB1152 , HB1254 , HB1443 , HB1982 , HB2006 , HB2179 , HB2203 , HB2297 , HB2322 , HB2329 , HB2379 , HB2388 , HB2399 , HB2462 , HB2464 , HB2495 , HB2544 , HB2551 , HB2636 , HB2192 , HB2251 , HB2262 , HB2266 , HB2298 , HB2320 , HB2323 , HB2351 , HB2401 , HB2405 , HB2442 , HB2523 , HB2593 , HB2632 , HB2661 , HB1496 , HB1898 , HB2095 , HB2157 , HB2225 , HB2274 , HB2311 , HB2325 , HB2333 , HB2476 , HB2508 , HB2552 , HB1343 , HB1634 , HB1707 , HB1906 , HB1909 , HB2196 , HB2244 , HB2339 , HB2361 , HB2384 , HB2389 , HB2410 , HB2468 , HB2475 , HB2521 , HB2548 , HB2619 , HB2637 , HB2720 , HB1160 , HB1289 , HB1339 , HB1798 , HB1065 , HB2125 , HB2134 , HB2140 , HB2185 , HB2191 , HB2205 , HB2245 , HB2283 , HB2343 , HB2406 , HB2501 , HB1544 , HB1834 , HB2188 , HB2206 , HB2478 , HJM4012 , HB1104 , HB1152 , HB1254 , HB1443 , HB1982 , HB2006 , HB2297 , HB2322 , HB2329 , HB2379 , HB2388 , HB2399 , HB2462 , HB2495 , HB2544 , HB2551 , HB2636 , HB2192 , HB2262 , HB2298 , HB2351 , HB2401 , HB2442 , HB2593 , HB2661 , HB1496 , HB1898 , HB2095 , HB2157 , HB2225 , HB2311 , HB2325 , HB2552 , HB1343 , HB1634 , HB1707 , HB2361 , HB2389 , HB2410 , HB2468 , HB2521 , HB2619 , HB2720 , HB1295 , HB1591 , HB2092 , HB2168 , HB2176 , HB2248 , HB2255 , HB2281 , HB2438 , HB2590 , HB2610 , HB2650 , HB2685 , HB1526 , HB1960 , HB2236 , HB2364 , HB2416 , HB1073

Keywords: design review, local government, land use, zoning, project permits, housing density, middle housing, affordable housing, parking minimums, single-family zoning, infill development, growth management, comprehensive plan, permit streamlining, objective development regulations, architectural review, administrative review, transit-oriented development, accessory dwelling units, ADU

Transcript Highlights:

• to establish kupuna-friendly building permit requirements for parking accessibility in private businesses
• To establish kupuna-friendly building permit requirements for parking accessibility in private businesses
• to establish kupuna-friendly building permit requirements for parking accessibility and private business
• accessibility requirements for parking accessibility and<00:24:02.600><c> private</c><00:24:02.920><c> business
• </c> and private business operating hours. and private business operating hours.

Bills: SCR63 , SCR8 , SCR160 , SCR90 , SCR93

Committee: House Human Services & Homelessness

Keywords: disability, accessibility, healthcare communication, sign language interpreters, deaf, hard of hearing, deaf-blind, auxiliary aids, building permits, seniors, health care, safety modifications, county regulations, expedited processing, housing ladder, move-up housing, subsidized housing, public housing, affordable housing, housing mobility

Summary: The House Committee on Human Services and Homelessness heard several resolutions focused on disability access, housing, and support for Native Hawaiian beneficiaries. SCR 63 SD1 would have the Disability and Communication Access Board study communication needs in health care settings for people who are deaf, hard of hearing, or deaf-blind and revise provider guidance; testimony was strongly supportive, including from the board, a physician, and a family member who described harmful delays in care, and the committee later recommended passage as is. SCR 8 would require counties to act within 45 days on completed permit applications for home modifications needed for an older adult or person with a disability; testimony noted delays in permitting and financing, and the committee recommended passage as is. The committee also heard SCR 160, which urges state housing agencies to create a “housing ladder” program to help individuals and families move from subsidized to unsubsidized housing. Hawaii Public Housing Authority and other agencies supported the concept, and DHS described its family self-sufficiency program and said prior federal resident-services funding had declined over the past 20 years. The committee acknowledged the program may already exist in some form but still recommended adoption of the resolution as is. SCR 90 would ask county planning departments to establish kupuna-friendly building permit requirements for parking accessibility in private businesses. The committee moved it forward with an HD1 for technical amendments; a member raised concern that the measure did not specify the age threshold for “kupuna,” and said they would vote with reservations. Finally, SCR 93 would direct DHHL and the Statewide Office of Homelessness and Housing Solutions to develop a coordinated support and stabilization pathway for Native Hawaiian beneficiaries experiencing homelessness or very low income. DHHL said it is already operating a transitional housing effort called Ka Leo Opu Mama for about 18 beneficiaries using more than $6 million in federal Nah Ho Sa funds, with no dedicated state funding, and the committee recommended passage as is. The meeting ended with the chair thanking testifiers and members and adjourning the hearing.

Transcript Highlights:

• Little Green Bucket, a small business in Albuquerque, which also serves Santa Fe, and I am a consumer
• Should this go to Tax, Business and Transportation? Thank you very much, Madam Chair.
• So it seems to me that these small increases are not a really bad thing.
• ... ...remember some of the folks coming to talk to me about a small production.
• This is a small corporation for the collaboration among several interested parties, private business,

Bills: SB47 , SB110 , SB122 , SB143 , SB168

Committee: Senate Senate Conservation

Keywords: food recovery, composting, waste management, solid waste surcharge, organic waste reduction, environment, grants, advisory group, bosque management, Rio Grande, environmental protection, water resources, fiscal appropriation, drinking water, well owners, water testing, water treatment, public health, agriculture, New Mexico Department of Agriculture

Transcript Highlights:

• First up, we have Stuart Cohn, Business Law Section of the Florida Bar, speaking for.
• The first part relates to the Florida Small Cities Community Development Block Grant Program.
• Let's crack down on the small business owners.
• , understanding just how important AI is to the business community.
• community to help consumers, to help businesses, and help Florida move forward.

Bills: S0214 , S0482 , S7030 , S0554 , S0994 , S0998 , S1004 , S1074 , S1076 , S1266

Committee: Senate Commerce and Tourism

Keywords: special districts, funding, financial assistance, rural community, state agency, economic development, artificial intelligence, personal data protection, consumer rights, chatbot, deceptive practices, government contracts, public records, consumer protection, data privacy, investigations, proprietary information, chatbots, Florida statutes, nonprofit

Summary: The Committee on Commerce and Tourism heard and advanced several bills focused on economic development, consumer protection, workforce issues, and technology. SB 1076 would raise Florida’s research and development tax credit cap from $9 million to $50 million beginning with the 2027 allocation, and it was reported favorably. SB 1266, as amended, creates a cybersecurity experiential internship and clearance-readiness program with Cyber Florida and was also reported favorably. SB 554, a Florida Bar-backed update to the not-for-profit corporations statute, was approved without opposition. SB 1004, aimed at protecting buyers of dogs and cats from deceptive sales practices and predatory financing at retail pet stores, received supportive testimony from animal welfare advocates and was reported favorably. SB 1074, which sets rounding rules for cash transactions if pennies are unavailable, also passed favorably. The committee also considered SB 998, the Department of Commerce package, which combines updates to the Small Cities CDBG program, clarification of rural community eligibility, an exemption from a reverter clause for military-related land conveyances, and revisions to E-Verify enforcement. The E-Verify portion drew the most debate, with questions about employer cure periods, treatment of current investigations, and whether the bill creates a loophole for independent contractors. Senator Smith opposed the bill, arguing it creates unequal enforcement between employers and immigrant workers, while Senator Wright supported the military-related provisions. SB 998 was reported favorably on a divided vote. SB 214, which expands the rural community definition to include special districts in rural counties, was reported favorably. The committee then took up SB 482, an artificial intelligence consumer-protection bill that creates an “AI bill of rights” covering companion chatbots, parental controls for minors, data privacy, de-identified data, unauthorized use of likeness, and enforcement by the Attorney General, with a limited private cause of action for minors. The bill drew extensive testimony both in support and in opposition, including concerns about privacy, age verification, and enforcement, but it was reported favorably. Finally, the committee approved SPB 7030, a public-records exemption tied to Department of Legal Affairs investigations under the AI bill, and adjourned after members requested to be recorded on certain votes.

Transcript Highlights:

• It allows medical businesses to sell medical products. medical cannabis to other medically endorsed businesses
• or medical combo businesses, and it strengthens their obligation to participate in the market.
• It's these decisions—small decisions—that we're all making, and I mean policymakers.
• I think this is bad policy, and while it may seem like a small sector of the overall insurance industry
• Seeing that there is no further business in front of the committee, we are adjourned. Thank you.

Bills: HF1224 , HF1615 , HF2403

Committee: House Commerce Finance and Policy

Keywords: foreclosure, mortgage postponement, homeowners, redemption period, Minnesota Statutes, cannabis, hemp, lower-potency, edibles, regulations, licensing, local control, consumer safety, age restrictions, commerce policy, financial institutions, insurance regulation, limited long-term care insurance, Medicare supplement, health insurance

Transcript Highlights:

• It allows medical businesses to sell medical cannabis to other medically endorsed businesses or medical
• combo businesses, and it strengthens their obligation to participate in the market.
• It allows medical businesses to sell medical cannabis to other medically endorsed businesses or medical
• combo businesses, and it strengthens their obligation to participate in the market.
• Seeing that there is no further business in front of the committee, we are adjourned.

Bills: HF1224 , HF1615 , HF2403

Committee: House Commerce Finance and Policy

Keywords: foreclosure, mortgage postponement, homeowners, redemption period, Minnesota Statutes, cannabis, hemp, lower-potency, edibles, regulations, licensing, local control, consumer safety, age restrictions, commerce policy, financial institutions, insurance regulation, limited long-term care insurance, Medicare supplement, health insurance

Transcript Highlights:

• Don't forget about small businesses and the huge demographic of Minnesotans who just want low-potency
• They will be buying reputable brands offline, and all the revenue coming to small businesses will be
• They're going to suffocate the small businesses. So it's our choice.
• Commitment to quality and transparency is significant for small businesses.
• I really want to keep small businesses here and keep the profits in Minnesota. Thank you, Mr.

Bills: HF1545 , HF2426 , HF1615 , HF2403

Committee: House Commerce Finance and Policy

Keywords: medical cannabis, cultivation, cannabinoid products, plant canopy, Minnesota statutes, cannabis, hemp, lower-potency, edibles, regulations, licensing, local control, consumer safety, age restrictions, commerce policy, financial institutions, insurance regulation, limited long-term care insurance, Medicare supplement, health insurance

Transcript Highlights:

• This bill didn't come from the grassroots or small businesses.
• </c><01:14:34.080><c> It's</c> grassroots or small businesses. It's grassroots or small businesses.
• It's on the small business side, too.
• We take care of our small businesses.
• small businesses and social prioritizes small businesses and social equity<01:21:03.159><c> applicants

Bills: HF1545 , HF2426 , HF1615 , HF2403

Committee: House Commerce Finance and Policy

Keywords: medical cannabis, cultivation, cannabinoid products, plant canopy, Minnesota statutes, cannabis, hemp, lower-potency, edibles, regulations, licensing, local control, consumer safety, age restrictions, commerce policy, financial institutions, insurance regulation, limited long-term care insurance, Medicare supplement, health insurance

Transcript Highlights:

• looking at the unintended am looking at the unintended am looking at the unintended consequences to our small
• businesses and consequences to our small businesses and consequences to our small businesses and to

Bills: SB199 , HB142 , SB86 , HB152 , HB297 , SB1 , SB1

Committee: House Ways and Means Education

Keywords: parental leave, state employees, local education agencies, adoption, work-life balance, family support, portable benefits, portable benefit account, independent contractor, gig worker, 1099 worker, freelancer, app-based worker, rideshare, delivery driver, worker benefits, health insurance, retirement benefits, life insurance, income replacement insurance

Transcript Highlights:

• . >> No further business, Mr. President. >> Are there any announcements today?
• &gt;&gt; No<00:15:30.079><c> further</c><00:15:30.320><c> business,</c><00:15:30.639><c> Mr.
• </c> &gt;&gt; No further business, Mr. President. &gt;&gt; No further business, Mr. President.

Bills: SB874 , SB2098 , SB2110 , SB2126 , SB2154 , SB2160 , HB818 , SB2047 , SB2116 , SB2246 , SB2250 , SB2334 , SB2505 , SB2520 , SB2561 , SB2721 , SB2820 , SB2971 , SB3019

Keywords: veterinary medicine, prescription, consumer rights, transparency, pet medication, agriculture, clean plant program, disease-free plants, Hawaii agriculture, plant propagation, conservation, soil health, climate change, food security, small farmers, technical assistance, Hawaii, grant program, small farms, midsize farms

Transcript Highlights:

• Our core business of issuing bonds and allocating federal tax credits for production will remain unchanged
• For shovel-ready projects, we could also finance small projects, say a 30-unit project, that aren't suited
• a trade-off for energy code savings could lower building costs or achieve the same results with a small
• Next up in your EBB is House Bill 2420, an increase in small works roster contract limits.
• except that it changes the date on which the maximum amount of a public works contract can use the small

Bills: HB2273 , SB5188 , HB2353 , HB2420 , HB2470

Committee: House Capital Budget

Keywords: embodied carbon, building materials, sustainability, construction, environment, broadband, infrastructure, loan assistance, economic development, technology access, HB 2353, predesign thresholds, capital construction, capital budget, major capital projects, Office of Financial Management, OFM, Washington state, state agencies, infrastructure planning

Transcript Highlights:

• This is a big deal for small business. We often know when employees look for work. Thank you.
• This is a big deal for small business. We often know when employees look for work. Thank you.
• Small business.
• As a small business owner, restaurants... Thank you for being here.
• Really, at the end of the day, we're trying to give small business big business buying power in the market

Bills: HB2010 , HB2192 , HB2199 , HB2279 , HB2310 , HB2459 , HB2501 , HB2555 , HB2690 , HB2693

Committee: House Commerce

Keywords: digital goods, advertising, ownership, license, consumer protection, refund policies, streaming services, minors, content creators, online platforms, compensation, trust accounts, child protection, video content, privacy, employment, mobile homes, recreational vehicles, landlord tenant laws, tenant rights

Transcript Highlights:

• Resolution with unanimous support for legislation authorizing the county to regulate roadside businesses
• The resolution cited the proliferation of roadside businesses without regulatory controls, thus posing
• The people we help work for small businesses and simply can't afford coverage.
• businesses.
• So here, we don't have a small county; we have a large county.

Bills: HB1320 , HB2012 , HB2293 , HB2655 , HB3174 , HB4108 , HB4661 , HB4799 , HB5534 , HB5580

Committee: House S/C on County & Regional Government

Keywords: transportation, infrastructure, funding, state budget, public safety, child welfare, county boards, membership, local governance, public welfare, government service, social services, Texas Family Code, regulation, vendors, solicitors, roadside sales, county authority, Sweeny Hospital District, board of directors

Transcript Highlights:

• resulted in several deaths, hundreds needing rescue, and millions of dollars in damage to homes, businesses
• Texas has long championed the value of small government, local control, and keeping federal outreach
• They work in construction, they work in fast food restaurants, and they're business owners.
• My name is Glenn Hammer and I serve as President and CEO of the Texas Association of Business.
• Is there any further business for the committee to address? If not, the chair moves to adjourn.

Bills: HB1320 , HB2012 , HB2293 , HB2655 , HB3174 , HB4108 , HB4661 , HB4799 , HB5534 , HB5580

Committee: House S/C on County & Regional Government

Keywords: transportation, infrastructure, funding, state budget, public safety, child welfare, county boards, membership, local governance, public welfare, government service, social services, Texas Family Code, regulation, vendors, solicitors, roadside sales, county authority, Sweeny Hospital District, board of directors

Keywords: KY LRC YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mz0oUn4TYmM, 2026-06-21T07:17:03+00:00, 2.2.24, Data collected via generic collector engine, MEETING START 00:00 ROLL CALL 00:48 DISCUSSION WITH THE ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF THE COURTS; LAURIE GIVENS, AOC DIRECTOR, JIM DALEY, CAMPBELL COUNTY JAILER, 01:41 ELIZABETH LUCAS, IMPLANTATION TECHNICAL SERVICES & COURT SERVICES DIRECTOR. THE AOC ADDRESSED FUNDING AND UPDATES TO COURT SYSTEM PROCEDURES SUCH AS VIDEO ARRAIGNMENT & CONFERENCE CALLS. THERE WILL BE 432 COURTROOMS THAT WILL BE EQUIPPED TO CONDUCT THESE TECHNOLOGICAL SERVICES FOR INMATES. THE ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY HAS SAVED COUNTIES MONEY ON THE TRANSPORTATION COST OF INMATES. THERE ARE MULTIPLE PILOT PROGRAMS BEING CONDUCTED AT THIS TIME INCLUDING; DIVORCE FORMS PILOT & SMALL CLAIMS COURT PILOT. HB 238 & HB 244 HAS ENABLED VARIOUS PROGRAMS TO BE ENACTED IN SEVERAL COUNTIES IN KY, AND FUNDS FOR STAFF TRAINING ON THE PROGRAMS., 958, all, 2.2.42, 2.1.47