Transcript Highlights:

• level of urgency that's required to execute that was just not there.
• And you all have stepped up to the... have the ability to execute locally.
• level of urgency that's required to execute that was just not there.
• So we have vendors that execute debris, and we have vendors that monitor those that are executing the
• And they started executing work. They started doing roof work.

Summary: The committee received a program review from the Florida Division of Emergency Management on the 2024 hurricane season and FEMA reimbursement process. Deputy Director Keith Pruitt described the impacts of Hurricanes Debby, Helene, and Milton, including major storm surge, flooding, tornadoes, debris removal, power restoration, flood-control deployments, sheltering, and logistics missions. He emphasized that Florida’s approach is “federally funded, state managed, locally executed,” and said the division has already obligated large amounts of public assistance funding and mitigation dollars while continuing to work on remaining missions and reimbursements. A major focus of the discussion was how local governments can better document and vet debris-removal and other disaster costs so they are eligible for FEMA reimbursement. Chair DiCeglie and other senators raised concerns about local planning, commercial debris collection, and whether counties and municipalities that spend money up front will be reimbursed. Pruitt explained that eligibility depends on documentation, scope of work, insurance, and FEMA rules, and that the state’s FROC process is intended to help counties identify eligible work before costs are incurred. He also said commercial debris may be eligible in some cases but is not guaranteed, and that counties should coordinate early with FDEM and FEMA. Senators also asked about possible FEMA reforms, the age of outstanding reimbursement claims, and a proposed state fund to advance money to fiscally constrained counties while they wait for FEMA payments. Pruitt said Florida’s system is a national best practice, but that more county-level training and clearer coordination would help reduce de-obligations and audit problems. He said the reimbursement-advance idea is still being developed, and that the state continues to look at ways to streamline mitigation through programs like Elevate Florida. The committee took no formal action beyond hearing the presentation, and the meeting adjourned after closing comments from senators praising FDEM’s work.

Transcript Highlights:

• Welcome, and feel free to ask any of us on the Executive Committee for any questions, and the staff is
• We had this discussion in executive about what is the actual usefulness of the product.
• This is the discussion the executive committee just had about this, with input from the staff.
• And so the executive committee will discuss it again.
• So thank you for the efforts on the executive committee and considering us. Certainly.

Summary: The Joint Legislative Audit and Review Committee met on September 17, 2025, in hybrid format. After roll call, the committee initially lacked a quorum and deferred approval of the July 15 minutes until Representative Berg arrived; the minutes were then adopted. Members also discussed the proposed 2026 JLARC meeting schedule, including possible changes to address crowded July meetings and the annual tax exemption review workload. Staff presented the annual lodging tax expenditures report, noting that 213 municipalities received distributions in 2024, with 91% reporting compliance, $114 million awarded for more than 1,700 activities, and no independent verification of the self-reported data. Several members questioned the value and usefulness of the report, and the executive committee indicated it may recommend removing the statutory reporting requirement. The committee then heard the preliminary performance audit of the Office of Privacy and Data Protection, which found the office meets its statutory responsibilities and has high user satisfaction, but recommended updating the statute to better match the office’s current capacity and focus and improving performance measures to reflect long-term privacy outcomes rather than outputs. Members asked about FERPA and other federal privacy laws, and OPDP staff said they provide general privacy training and consultation but not law-specific training unless requested. The committee adopted the final report on Washington State recreational boating programs without recommendation, after staff reported that boating revenues support both general government and boating activities and that no participating agencies submitted formal comments. Members asked about boater safety education and possible overlap among the six agencies involved; Parks staff said education has reached more than 500,000 boaters and that fatalities and incidents have declined. The committee also reviewed planned study questions for a JLARC review of Labor and Industries’ enforcement of farm worker laws, with members raising scope questions about the term “farm worker” versus “agricultural worker,” and for DNR’s Eastern Washington sustainable harvest calculation, which JLARC will review as DNR completes its recalculation. Finally, staff outlined the 2026 tax preference performance reviews covering seven preferences, and members asked about racial equity, environmental impacts, disclosure of beneficiary savings, and how the reviews will measure effectiveness; the meeting adjourned before noon.

Transcript Highlights:

• If this is in the executive branch, why can't we have a prosecutor in this office?
• If this is in the executive branch, why can't we have a prosecutor in this office?
• If this is in the executive branch, why can't we have a prosecutor in this office?
• If this is in the executive branch, why can't we have a prosecutor in this office?
• If this is in the executive branch, why can't we have a prosecutor in this office?

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The devotional today will be led by Rabbi Grace Odell, who is the executive director of the Northeast
• political dissidents, and anyone that the Nazi regime deemed too other, who also were targeted and executed
• I first met Grace when she was the executive director of the synagogue of Ohavi Zedek in Burlington.
• Um Grace now serves as the executive Um Grace now serves as the executive director<00:05:12.560>
• director of the synagogue of executive director of the synagogue of Ohavi<00:05:26.600> Zedek

Keywords: 926, house, all

Summary: The House opened with a devotional for Yom Hashoah, Holocaust Memorial Day, delivered by Rabbi Grace Odell. Her remarks focused on remembrance of the Holocaust, warning against dehumanization, and urging lawmakers to act from love rather than fear. Members then observed a moment of silence and heard announcements recognizing visitors, including students from Orwell Village School and guests from the Vermont Holocaust Memorial. The chamber took up several procedural and legislative items. House Bill 574, relating to epinephrine use and maintenance at child care facilities, was moved from the House Committee on Human Services to the Committee on Education and approved by voice vote. The House also announced caucus and committee schedules, including meetings of the Rural Caucus and Older Vermonters Caucus. Later, the body reordered its calendar and prepared to recess after completing action on the day’s bills. On Senate Bill 163, concerning the role of advanced practice registered nurses in hospital care, the House Health Care Committee recommended amendment, explaining that the bill updates the Patient Bill of Rights to reflect current hospital practice, especially in rural hospitals, by recognizing APRNs and physician assistants as possible attending providers. The committee reported a 10-0-0 vote in support, and the House agreed to propose the Senate amendment and ordered third reading. The House also concurred in the Senate proposal of amendment to House Bill 508, which revises Burlington’s charter so the city council can adjust ward and district boundaries when needed to correct unconstitutional population divisions without requiring a charter change; the Government Operations and Military Affairs Committee reported a 9-0-1 favorable straw poll. After these actions, the House recessed briefly while the committee continued hearing amendments.

Transcript Highlights:

• Who has most recently served as its executive director.
• You know, I was named executive director of the PUC about 58 to 60 days...
• Connie Corona, our executive director, is here.
• So it's, you know, mission first, people always, as an executive director.
• was the deputy executive director over all policy matters when I was executive director.

Summary: The Senate Committee on Nominations held its final nomination hearing of the session and considered three nominees: J.B. Goodwin for the Texas Real Estate Commission, Courtney Yaltman for the Public Utility Commission of Texas, and Thomas Gleason as PUC chairman. Goodwin described his long career in real estate and charitable work, and senators questioned him extensively about the Real Estate Commission’s self-directed, semi-independent status, housing affordability, institutional homebuyers, property insurance costs, disclosure issues, and the Burnett v. National Association of Realtors case. Yaltman and Gleason were questioned about PUC oversight of ERCOT, post-Winter Storm Uri reforms, utility resilience and vegetation management after Hurricane Beryl, water and telecommunications oversight, staffing and transparency, and rising infrastructure and utility costs. Much of the discussion focused on housing and utility affordability, with several senators urging the nominees to keep consumer protection and public trust at the forefront. Goodwin said housing affordability and large-scale investment purchases were not within the Real Estate Commission’s direct purview, though he supported further study. Yaltman and Gleason said the PUC had increased oversight of ERCOT, improved communication and accountability with utilities, and was working on resiliency plans, rate-setting issues, and infrastructure planning while trying to avoid overburdening ratepayers. The committee first voted to favorably report nominees left pending from the May 5 agenda by a 6-0 roll call vote. After public testimony was opened and closed, the committee then voted on the nominees heard that day and favorably recommended all three to the full Senate for confirmation by a 7-0 vote. The committee then recessed subject to the call of the chair.

Transcript Highlights:

• to have the flexibility um executive to have the flexibility um during<00:15:58.759> that<00:
• The discussion turned to the testimony, where the speaker had said that the bill would limit executive
• They said emergency managers can do a better job setting expectations for the governor, executives, and
• interfere with imas and the executive interfere with imas and the executive branches<00:18:23.799
• They said they think they can do a better job setting expectations for the governor, executives, and

Keywords: 912, senate, all

Summary: The Senate Committee on Public Safety and Military Affairs heard several bills on January 27, 2025. SB 24, relating to identification, would require the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation to help inmates obtain civil ID cards and other vital documents for reentry. Testimony was overwhelmingly in support from DCR, the Hawaiʻi Correctional System Oversight Commission, DHS, the Hawaiʻi Disability Rights Center, health and youth advocates, and others, with comments emphasizing that reentry should begin on day one and that lack of identification is a major barrier to housing and employment. A senator asked about the low number of IDs issued in 2022 and DCR said it already has a satellite ID card machine at Hālawa and plans to procure more for other facilities. The committee recommended passage of SB 24 as is. SB 474, relating to psychologists, would require DCR clinical psychologists to obtain licensure within 10 years of employment and would sunset in 2035. DCR strongly supported the bill, citing a severe staffing shortage, low exam passage rates, and many vacant positions, while the Hawaiʻi Psychological Association expressed concerns and one testifier argued psychologists serving incarcerated people should be licensed before employment. Committee members questioned whether the 10-year period was too long and discussed alternative solutions such as pay incentives and shortage differentials. The committee ultimately recommended passage with amendments, shortening the licensure period to 5 years, moving the sunset to July 1, 2030, and making other technical changes. SB 353, relating to emergency management, would clarify emergency authority, bar suspension of public records or vital statistics requests during emergencies, define “severe warning,” and allow the legislature or city councils to terminate a state of emergency. DHS and HMA opposed the bill, arguing it could limit executive flexibility and cut off access to the major disaster fund, while supporters included public-interest and good-government groups. The committee discussed whether legislative termination authority could interfere with ongoing emergency response and recovery, with the bill’s sponsor explaining it was aimed more at situations where emergency conditions have ended, such as prolonged COVID-era proclamations. The committee recommended passage with amendments, including a delayed effective date and committee report notes referencing DHS request data and HMA’s opposition. The committee also heard SB 259, relating to recordkeeping for secondhand dealers and pawn brokers, and SB 37, relating to recordings of law enforcement activities. SB 259 was set for amendment and deferred decision-making to January 29, 2025, so the committee could seek input from HPD. SB 37 drew support from the Legal Clinic and other advocates, with a clarifying question about civil enforcement actions, and the committee recommended passage with amendments and a delayed effective date. The meeting concluded with the committee adopting its recommendations and adjourning.

Transcript Highlights:

• branch issues executive orders on a lot of these topics.
• By that, I mean the executive branch.
• Let's talk for a minute about what the executive order does and doesn't do.
• This is a recent executive order from June 26, so the end of June.
• The quick executive summary, you can create those things on the fly.

Summary: The committee held its first meeting on artificial intelligence and data centers, establishing its purpose as a study and policy-development body rather than one aimed at producing many bills. Majority Leader Hogue urged members to move quickly, focus on federal and other states’ AI laws, consider possible federal preemption, child protections, and the siting and economic impacts of data centers. Committee leadership echoed that the goal is practical, balanced governance that protects North Dakota while allowing innovation to continue. Legislative Council staff provided a background memo and NCSL presented a detailed overview of AI concepts and the current state legislative landscape. The presentations distinguished narrow AI, generative AI, agentic AI, and theoretical AGI/ASI, and summarized major state policy themes: comprehensive AI laws in states such as Utah, Colorado, Texas, California, and Illinois; targeted laws on deepfakes, chatbots, health, education, notifications, and digital likeness; and growing use of appropriations and agency inventories. Members asked about Colorado’s repeal and reenactment, Texas’s sandbox and training provisions, oversight structures, and whether AI regulation is bipartisan; presenters said most issues cut across party lines, with broad agreement on child safety and deepfakes but more division on broader regulatory approaches. The federal update focused on executive orders, preemption, and congressional activity. NCSL described a White House framework favoring a single federal standard, a DOJ litigation task force, Commerce Department review of state laws, and possible funding conditions tied to state AI policy, though no formal state-law challenge had yet occurred. The presentation also covered a recent executive order creating a voluntary federal vetting process for advanced frontier models after safety concerns, and congressional proposals including a failed 10-year state moratorium, Senator Blackburn’s child-safety bills, the Kids Online Safety Act, a House-passed children’s digital safety package, a Senate data center moratorium proposal, and a House ratepayer/data-center bill. The committee took no formal action beyond receiving testimony and asking questions.

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm the Executive Director of the California Energy Commission.
• I would have to ask Deputy Executive Director Tesfaye to come to the table.
• Again, Rachel Peterson, Executive Director of the CPUC.
• Executive Director Johnson has really been looking at possibilities here.
• That Deputy Executive Director will speak about unless you have another.

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• So if our guest and former colleague, now Judge Executive John Sims, will please come to the table.
• Judge Executive John Sims: Thank you, Chair King and members of the committee.
• Uh, John Sims, Falmouth County Judge Executive.
• John Sims, Falmouth County Judge Executive, as Representative King said, former members of this esteemed
• So what this bill would do would give that mayor or judge executive the power to choose either someone

Keywords: Meeting Start 00:00 Roll Call 01:21 HB 552 Discussion 04:54 HB 552 Vote 07:12, 958, all

Summary: The House Standing Committee on Tourism and Outdoor Recreation held its first meeting of the 2025 session, welcomed new members and Vice Chair Susan Tyler Whitten, reviewed committee procedures, and introduced staff. Members also introduced several guests, including family members, interns, and visitors from Kenton County. The chair noted there were no minutes to approve because it was the first meeting. The committee then heard House Bill 552 from Judge Executive John Sims of Falmouth County, who said the bill is a joint effort supported by KLC and the County Judge/Executive Association. He explained that the measure makes minor wording changes, replacing references to “jurisdiction” with “county or city” and changing “chairman” to “chair,” with the goal of ensuring smaller communities retain representation on local tourist commissions. Chair King added that the bill would allow a mayor or judge executive to appoint a county resident to a tourism board even when the tax district or business ownership crosses city-county lines. After brief discussion and no further questions, the committee voted on the bill. The vote was overwhelmingly in favor, with members present voting yes and Representative Whitaker explaining his support by saying tourism is a team effort in the counties. House Bill 552 passed out of committee and was sent to the House floor for further consideration.

Transcript Highlights:

• executive sessions to discuss the bill. executive sessions to discuss the bill.
• participated in executions participated in executions may<00:13:38.959> be<00:13:39.120><
• During that time, they had five executions. So the cost per execution was $37 million.
• executed for my sister's murder. executed for my sister's murder.
• > his death penalty execution his death penalty execution did<01:45:52.239> not<01:45:52.480><

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The executive recommendation included Mr.
• And then where are we on the executive office building? Thank you, Mr. Chair.
• However, the executive did.
• The executive is asking for $18 million. Why are we increasing that? Mr.
• If there are any questions, I'll hand it over to Executive Director Sandoval.

Keywords: 996, all

Transcript Highlights:

• SB 332 examines and addresses the issues that arise from the inherently flawed system, tying executive
• Now, linking executive compensation to affordability metrics creates perverse incentives.
• For example, by linking executive pay to disconnection rates, that could pressure utilities to avoid
• Now, linking executive compensation to affordability metrics creates perverse incentives.
• In an April 1 report, Edison told regulators they cut executive bonuses awarded for the 2024 year.

Summary: The Assembly Committee on Utilities and Energy heard several bills focused on utility rates, wildfire safety, carbon capture, methane reduction, large energy users, low-income energy programs, and clean energy supply chains. Early items included SB 613, which would direct state agencies to prioritize reducing methane emissions from imported fossil fuels, and SB 614, which would allow California to move forward with carbon dioxide pipeline safety rules and potentially lift the state’s moratorium on new CO2 pipelines. Both bills drew support from advocates and industry-related witnesses, with no opposition registered at the time they were presented, and the committee indicated it would vote once quorum was established. After quorum was called, the committee took up SB 57, which would require the Public Utilities Commission to establish tariffs for large energy users such as data centers to prevent cost shifts to other ratepayers and address stranded infrastructure costs. Supporters argued the bill would protect affordability and encourage clean energy use, while opponents, including utilities and business groups, warned it could create uncertainty and interfere with existing regulatory processes. The committee also heard SB 256 on wildfire mitigation and emergency response, including undergrounding, PSPS communication, and removal of abandoned lines; supporters emphasized the need for stronger action after recent fires, while utilities raised concerns about duplicative requirements and public disclosure of sensitive infrastructure information. Both SB 57 and SB 256 were approved on roll calls. The committee then heard SB 647, which would expand and standardize oversight of low-income energy savings programs and performance metrics, with strong support from community advocates and some neutral or “tweener” positions from utilities that sought further work on data collection and implementation. SB 787 followed, proposing a state strategy to coordinate supply chains and workforce development for clean energy industries including EVs, building decarbonization, and offshore wind; it received broad support and no opposition. The committee also considered SB 332, a study bill on utility ownership models and affordability reforms, which drew strong support from consumer and climate advocates but opposition from utilities and business groups concerned about bias, investor signals, and executive compensation provisions. The consent calendar was later approved, and several bills were reported out with votes or held open for absent members to add on.

Transcript Highlights:

• The committee has convened today to hold hearings as well as executive sessions.
• our industry has successfully executed our industry has successfully executed over<01:56:33.800>
• I'm the executive director of Clean Energy New Hampshire.
• Executive session on House Bill 544 local.
• <05:23:45.080> sessions Monday March 10th for executive sessions Monday March 10th for executive

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: The Municipal and County Government Committee held public hearings on House Bill 471 and House Bill 373. HB 471 would create a temporary commission to study growth, traffic, planning, and land use issues in a group of southern New Hampshire towns, with possible recommendations on regional planning commission boundaries or coordination. Representative Perez said the bill was requested by Londonderry residents and local officials, and Eric Power of Brookline testified in support, saying the towns share corridor and development issues that cross regional planning commission lines. Several members questioned whether existing law already allows towns to form regional planning commissions under RSA 364:6, whether the bill should be broader, and whether the town list should include additional communities. The hearing closed with testimony counts reported as two in support and three opposed on remote sign-in, plus one opposed and one in support on the blue sheet. HB 373, sponsored by Representative Diane Powers, would revise RSA 41:11-a on town property leases. Powers said current law is too restrictive because leases over five years require repeated town votes, which she argued is impractical for long-term arrangements. She cited examples from Hampton and Brookline, including long-term road and property leases, and said she had found multiple similar cases. The bill would keep select board authority for leases under one year, allow a legislative body to authorize a specific longer lease by a three-fifths ballot vote, and preserve the existing five-year blanket leasing authority with a three-fifths vote, while keeping existing leases valid if authority is later rescinded. Eric Power testified in support, describing recurring lease renewals in Brookline and saying longer terms are needed for projects such as housing, cell towers, and solar arrays. Members asked about the change from a simple town vote to a three-fifths threshold and whether the bill duplicates existing mechanisms; Powers said the higher threshold was intended because the leases involve long-term commitments. No votes were taken during the hearing portion described.

Transcript Highlights:

• branch or executive office.
• > the<00:02:10.959> Retirement executive director for the Retirement executive director
• <00:04:11.680> branch eight of those in the executive branch eight of those in the executive
• Uh I am excited to or executive office.
• have been one finding an executive have been one finding an executive director<00:05:29.360>

Keywords: 912, senate, all

Summary: The Senate Committee on Labor and Technology met on March 6, 2026, and considered four gubernatorial nominations. For GM 690, Jesse Kola Dean was nominated for reappointment to the Hawaii Retirement Savings Board. Testimony from the Retirement Savings Board and the Department of Labor and Industrial Relations strongly supported Dean, citing his original membership on the board and his role in advancing implementation of the retirement savings program. Dean described his background and said the program was moving into implementation after the board approved the Connecticut consortium model; in response to questions, he said the main challenges had been finding an executive director and adapting the program from an original opt-in structure to the opt-out consortium model. The committee voted to recommend advise and consent. For GM 634, Darlene Blakey was nominated to the board of trustees of the Employees' Retirement System. ERS and several individuals submitted support. Blakey, an executive vice president and chief lending officer at First Hawaiian Bank, said her banking and finance background and personal experience with her mother’s retirement benefits motivated her service. She told senators she had attended ERS meetings and was focused on improving retirees’ access to information, education, and retirement planning, and said she would recuse herself from matters involving First Hawaiian Bank because of a potential conflict of interest. The committee again voted to advise and consent. The committee then considered GM 627 and GM 726, both nominations of Gina Anu Novo to the Hawaii Workforce Development Council for different terms. Written testimony from numerous supporters was read into the record. Novo, a longtime First Hawaiian Bank executive and current vice chair, described her experience building audit, compliance, human resources, and technology functions, and said she wanted to help strengthen workforce pathways, career development, retention, and outreach to youth and workers who do not pursue college. Senators asked about her plans to connect workforce development with education and financial literacy; she emphasized career pathing, training, and adapting to changing skills needs, including the role of technology and AI. The committee voted to recommend advise and consent on both nominations, and the meeting adjourned after all four nominations were approved by the committee.

Transcript Highlights:

• Motion to go into executive session. Second. Okay, we're going to start first with SB 409.
• So, we're looking to to be executed.
• that search warrant and they executing that search warrant and they would<00:35:39.080> be<00
• Executive session. >> Second. >> Okay. I am going to make an ought to pass motion on SB 411.
• out of executive session. >> All in favor of the motion.

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Oversight systems failed repeatedly under executive leadership.
• <00:47:33.480> the And a failure to faithfully execute the And a failure to faithfully execute
• law, which is the role of the executive law, which is the role of the executive branch. branch.
• executive branch accountable if executive branch accountable if malfeasance<01:42:00.320> happens.
• <01:42:18.560> branch we would hold the executive branch we would hold the executive branch

Bills: HF3900, HF1849

Keywords: permanent school fund, school endowment fund, Minnesota constitutional amendment, school aid, public school funding, State Board of Investment, investment income, distributable amount, school districts, property taxes, income taxes, voter approval, ballot question, constitutional amendment 2026, education finance, fund perpetuity, purchasing power, trust lands, swamp lands, internal improvement land fund

Transcript Highlights:

• The chair then closed the executive session on HB 1019 and HB 1020 and opened the executive session on
• So, uh, close the executive Thank you.
• session been noticing that executive session been noticing that executive sessions<04:20:01.199>
• <04:20:38.239> session bring up and open an executive session bring up and open an executive
• Close the executive session on that bill.

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Only the executive branch can.
• Only the executive branch can.
• So if the executive branch can.
• > Marramac the executive director at Marramac the executive director at Marramac Valley<00:54:
• executive session. So, I can do that. executive session. So, I can do that.

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• If you have a member of the executive board that signs up and doesn't attend the executive board meetings
• Next, the chair will open the executive Next, the chair will open the executive session<05:43:48.320
• Next, the chair will open the executive Next, the chair will open the executive session<05:49:37.120>
• Next, the chair will open the executive Next, the chair will open the executive session<05:57:19.360
• Next, the chair will open the executive Next, the chair will open the executive session<06:05:26.240

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Um, and that's New York Executive Law Section 28, Section 5.
• <00:23:53.520> Law and that's New York Executive Law and that's New York Executive Law Section
• Executive proclamations about emergencies in the state.
• with authority and afford the executive with authority and some<00:45:19.040> flexibility<00:
• <00:53:32.720> branch, the governor, to the executive branch, the governor, to the executive

Bills: SB2109, SB2151

Keywords: emergency preparedness, Hawaii Emergency Management Agency, multilingual resources, American Sign Language, public education, community resilience, disaster response, emergency management, governor powers, legislative oversight, public safety, 910, house, all

Summary: The committee on Public Safety met on March 20, 2026, and the chair opened by noting severe rain and flooding conditions in Hawaii and said the committee would proceed with the hearing but defer decision-making until the next meeting on March 25. The first measure discussed was SB 2109, an omnibus bill on emergency preparedness communications. Testimony was overwhelmingly in support, including from state agencies and advocacy groups such as the Disability and Communications Access Board, Hawaii Emergency Management Agency, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, the Legal Clinic, the Hawaii Coalition for Immigrant Rights, and others. Supporters emphasized the need for funding and planning for multilingual emergency materials and language access, citing current evacuation notices that were not available in languages such as Ilokano or Tongan. The chair stated that action on SB 2109 would be deferred until March 25. The committee then heard SB 2151, relating to emergency management and changes to the governor’s emergency authority. Testimony was mixed but heavily focused on concerns about executive power. Earthjustice supported the bill with amendments, saying it should narrow extraordinary emergency powers, add definitions for emergency and disaster, preserve transparency under the Uniform Information Practices Act, and lower the legislative threshold to terminate an emergency proclamation from two-thirds to a simple majority. Other supporters, including the League of Women Voters of Hawaii and some individuals, also backed reform. Opponents, including Hawaii Emergency Management Agency and numerous individuals, argued the bill still gave the governor too much power, used overly broad disaster definitions, and did not sufficiently protect constitutional rights; several urged major amendments or repeal of portions of Chapter 127A. Some opponents specifically objected to the two-thirds termination standard and to provisions they said could enable compulsory immunizations or other mandates. Members questioned Earthjustice about whether the bill would suspend constitutional rights. Earthjustice responded that the bill would not authorize constitutional violations, but would allow suspension of laws enacted by the legislature, and pointed to existing statutory procedures for individuals to challenge emergency proclamations. The witness described a Mauna Kea case in which a three-judge panel granted relief to an individual under the current statute, and explained that the process could potentially affect a broader proclamation if allowed to run to completion. The hearing continued with additional testimony and questions, but no final vote or committee action on SB 2151 was taken during this portion of the meeting.