Video & Transcript Research : 'majority voting'
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MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Subcommittee on chapter 250 of the acts of 2024 Jun 21st, 2026 at 10:00 am
Transcript Highlights:
- Because it does sound, it's a little bit of a quirk of that article, I think, where people are voting
- You know, everybody votes for their own reasons, and they vote based on the best information they have
- That we saw the voters, and you had mentioned 71, 72 percent of voters voted for this law.
- I don't mean it as a majority, but I'm just saying, you need to get down in the weeds.
- The separation of powers doctrine is one of the major tenets of American democracy.
Summary:
The subcommittee hearing focused on whether the Office of the State Auditor may constitutionally audit the Massachusetts Legislature under Chapter 250 of the Acts of 2024 and what such an audit could include under generally accepted government auditing standards. Chair Cindy Friedman opened by explaining the background: voters approved Ballot Question 1 in November 2024, the law took effect in January 2025, and the Auditor then initiated audits of both chambers. The chair said the subcommittee was seeking expert testimony because the proposed audit scope, constitutionality, and possible bias concerns remained unresolved. Public testimony was invited, but no members of the public pre-registered; written testimony remained open for a short period after the hearing. The hearing then proceeded with invited experts on constitutional law/state government and auditing-related issues.
Professor Lawrence Friedman testified that the ballot initiative’s approval by the Attorney General and by voters did not resolve constitutional questions, and he argued Chapter 250 violates the Massachusetts Constitution. He said the Legislature has constitutional authority to set its own rules and manage its proceedings, and that an executive-branch audit would intrude on legislative deliberation, speech and debate protections, and separation of powers. He also warned that even audits of supposedly administrative matters could become a vehicle for repeated document demands and litigation that would indirectly burden legislative functioning. In questioning, senators pressed him on the line between administrative and deliberative functions, the role of the Attorney General versus the courts, the possibility of retroactive audit scope, and whether prior legislative consent to audits mattered; he said prior consent would not bind future legislatures and that constitutionality is ultimately for the courts.
Professor Ray La Raja also opposed the audit, framing it as a threat to institutional independence and representative democracy. He argued that allowing an executive-branch official to audit the Legislature without consent would upset separation of powers, chill internal debate, and create a precedent for broader executive intrusion. He said voters often support “transparency” reforms without fully appreciating institutional consequences, and that legislatures should defend their autonomy, especially amid what he described as broader executive overreach nationally. Senators asked about chilling effects, the practical distinction between administrative and core legislative functions, and whether the courts or the Legislature should resolve the issue; he said the courts would ultimately adjudicate disputes, but the Legislature should not waive its constitutional authority lightly.
Jean Kempthorne took the opposite view, arguing the audit is permissible and should proceed. She said the state auditor is a constitutional officer accountable directly to the people, that the audit power can be expanded by statute, and that separation of powers does not require watertight compartments. She contended the audit would not displace core legislative powers because the auditor can only evaluate operations, report findings, and make recommendations. She also argued the Legislature itself already conducts audits of other branches, so it is inconsistent to claim an audit of the Legislature is unconstitutional. In response to senators’ questions, she said there are guardrails against truly intrusive requests, but that the administrative-versus-legislative distinction is not a workable bright line; she suggested disputes should be handled case by case, with objections, negotiation, or litigation if specific requests go too far. No votes or formal actions were taken at the hearing.
NH
New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session
House Health, Human Services and Elderly Affairs (03/05/2025)
Health, Human Services & Elderly Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- Anyone else before we go to the vote? Motion is ITL on House Resolution 14.
- Vote is 18 to 0. Motion passes. If there's no objection, we'll put it on consent.
- you anyone else before we go to the vote you anyone else before we go to the vote okay<00:54:01.200
- 49.960>
zero <00:54:50.200>motion McDonald yes vote is 18 to zero motion McDonald yes vote - The first reason for opposition to this is the major change in it.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Committee on Commerce and Consumer Protection - 03/03/26
Commerce and Consumer Protection
Transcript Highlights:
- <00:32:45.760>
of know that the overwhelming majority of know that the overwhelming majority - I'm going to vote yes on our authority.
- You want my vote on your amendment?
- And so as 340B goes forward, have a yes vote today.
- And so as 340B goes forward, have a yes vote today.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Committee on Health and Human Services - Part 1 - 03/24/26
Health and Human Services
Transcript Highlights:
- With fraud being a major issue in our state government, this bill starts to address the issue and puts
- issue in our With fraud being a major issue in our state<00:02:22.000>
government, <00:02:22.560 - There being three yes votes and five no votes, the motion does not prevail, and Senate File 4604 as amended
- and five no There being three yes votes and five no votes,<00:20:59.160>
the <00:20:59.440> - For these reasons, I respectfully urge you to vote no on Senate File 513. Thank you.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
- Are there any no votes or reservations?
- If not, vice chair for the vote. If not, vice chair for the vote.
- votes or reservations? votes or reservations?
- Are there any no votes or present. Are there any no votes or reservations? reservations?
- So, Vice Chair, uh, chair votes with reservations. Vice Chair votes with reservations. Okay.
Bills:
SB3123
Keywords:
conditional gifts, private education, scholarships, donor conditions, Hawaii education law, 912, senate, all
Summary:
The Judiciary Committee took up three measures in decision-making. SB 2678, which would create a Judiciary working group to improve family court processes and youth access to legal representation in the child welfare system, was recommended for passage with amendments. The amendments would clarify that members with lived experience are those who have navigated the state child welfare system, replace an actively serving guardian ad litem with a former GAL, allow co-chairs to invite additional experts, and provide compensation for lived-experience members. The committee report would also recommend a $20,000 appropriation, and the motion passed without objection.
SB 2528, a Campaign Spending Commission proposal to expand the partial public financing program and raise expenditure limits, was also recommended for passage with amendments and adopted without objection. The committee’s changes would increase the public-funds match to 4:1, raise the maximum public funding available to 20% for statewide executive offices and 25% for legislative and certain county offices, blank out the appropriation in the bill, and instead recommend $7.2 million in the committee report. Technical amendments would also rename the program for consistency and set the bill’s effective date to March 22, 2075.
In a joint Judiciary/Education hearing, SB 3123 drew extensive testimony in support from the Governor’s office, Office of Hawaiian Affairs, the Hawaii Association of Independent Schools, Hawaiian Council, Kamehameha Schools, and many private-school and community representatives. Supporters said the bill would clarify that donor-funded scholarships, grants, and tuition-free educational programs are charitable gifts rather than contractual obligations, giving donors and schools greater certainty and preserving educational access. Some members questioned whether the bill could affect Kamehameha Schools’ admissions practices or allow schools to avoid donor conditions; witnesses responded that the measure is intended to clarify donor intent, not change admissions, and that an opt-out clause would preserve the ability to create contractual agreements if the parties choose. The discussion ended with the bill still under consideration, with no final vote reflected in the transcript excerpt.
ND
North Dakota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Budget Section Commerce and Legal Service Division Jun 24th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- On page three, an update on the deficiency appropriations that were approved, and then some of the major
- And so I'll just touch on some of the major areas here on page one.
- What are the major sources of special funds or federal funds in an agency's budget?
- So we'll need to take a vote to approve, to write up a summary for the budget section.
- And have a great day. take a vote to approve, to write up a summary for the budget section.
Summary:
The committee met to review the Attorney General’s budget and related agency operations, beginning with Legislative Council staff walking members through compliance reports and a blue-sheet base budget document. Staff highlighted current-biennium items such as FTE changes, one-time appropriations, litigation funding, opioid settlement receipts, continuing appropriations, and major special and federal funds. Members asked for clarification on items including the Missing Indigenous People Grant Fund, the Internet Crimes Investigation Fund, and the Medicaid Fraud Control Unit grant funding.
Assistant Attorney General Clare Ness then gave an overview of the office’s structure, staffing, and budget pressures. She emphasized the office’s broad statutory duties, the value of its legal services to state and local government, and concerns about attorney pay lagging behind other agencies. Members discussed whether attorney compensation should be benchmarked more consistently across state government and whether some legal work could be consolidated within the AG’s office. Ness also addressed questions about AG opinion turnaround times, boards-and-commissions training, the new-and-vacant FTE pool, operating expense cuts, office leases, and the state’s criminal justice information systems.
The crime lab presentation drew significant attention. Director Jennifer Penner described severe space, safety, and infrastructure problems at the current lab, including cramped work areas, glycol leaks, outdated fire and burglar alarms, air-handling limits, and equipment failures that have delayed toxicology work. She said the 2024 study projected a much larger facility would be needed and that the preferred location would be near the current health department site, but in a new building. Members asked about possible evidence risks, backlog status, and whether the proposed building would solve the current problems; Penner said it would and noted backlogs have improved overall, though some delays remain.
The committee also heard from the new Medicaid Fraud Control Unit director, who described the unit’s civil and criminal work, federal-state funding split, and examples of fraud such as billing for services not provided or upcoding. The gaming division reported continued growth in charitable gaming and e-tabs, with members expressing concern about large trust-account balances, site competition, and possible misuse of proceeds. Finally, BCI outlined its caseload, cybercrime work, missing Indigenous persons task force, and the surge in CSAM cyber tips; members asked about AI-generated CSAM, and the AG’s office noted that last session’s law increased penalties and expressly allowed AI-generated CSAM to be prosecuted like other CSAM. No formal votes or actions were taken beyond approval of the minutes.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Special Joint Committee on Initiative Petitions Jun 21st, 2026 at 02:00 pm
Transcript Highlights:
- Representative Alice Peisch of Wellesley, House Chair of the Special Joint Committee and House Assistant Majority
- Leader; Representative Frank Moran of Lawrence, House Second Assistant Majority Leader; Representative
- Since then, I've implemented several zoning reform initiatives, including simple majority votes for pro-housing
- and suit the evolving needs of the populace but very few are very very few people will proactively vote
- And if we don't have an answer for it, then I think we're missing out on a major piece of that.
Summary:
The Special Joint Committee on Initiative Petitions held a public hearing on Initiative Petition 25-03, House Bill 5000, which would allow single-family homes on small lots in areas with adequate infrastructure. Committee chairs outlined the Article 48 process and the hearing format, then heard first from two subject-matter experts. Under Secretary Chris Clutchman of Housing and Livable Communities explained that the proposal would amend Chapter 40A’s Section 3 (the Dover Amendment) to require most municipalities, except Boston, to allow single-family homes on residentially zoned lots of at least 5,000 square feet with 50 feet of frontage and access to public water and sewer, while still allowing reasonable local regulations on setbacks, height, bulk, and short-term rentals. He distinguished the proposal from Chapter 40Y starter-home zoning, said implementation would likely require regulations to address issues such as wetlands, infrastructure capacity, and nonconforming lots, and answered committee questions about lot subdivision, MBTA Communities, and the relationship to existing zoning tools.
Attorney Susan Murphy testified that the petition would significantly override local zoning and could create conflicts with existing statutes, including Chapter 40A Section 6 protections for certain nonconforming lots, subdivision control law, and other residential zoning districts. She raised concerns about how “access” to water and sewer would be defined, whether the measure could apply in business or industrial districts where residential uses are allowed, and whether the proposal could allow large homes on small lots without any affordability limits. She also warned that the measure could have significant infrastructure impacts and argued that the Legislature should consider broader, more comprehensive housing legislation rather than expanding exceptions to the zoning framework. Committee members asked both experts about frontage, lot size, infrastructure capacity, and how the proposal would interact with 40Y and MBTA Communities.
The proponents, led by Andrew McCulla of the Legalized Starter Homes Coalition, argued that Massachusetts faces a severe housing shortage and affordability crisis, citing high home prices, high rents, declining listings, and outmigration of younger residents. They said the measure would legalize modest single-family homes on smaller lots, increase housing supply, and help first-time buyers and downsizing seniors, while leaving most other local rules in place. Other proponents, including representatives from Abundant Housing Massachusetts, the Charles River Regional Chamber, and individual residents, emphasized workforce retention, the need for more starter homes, and the view that large minimum lot sizes are a major barrier to production. Committee members pressed the panel on the lack of any home-size or affordability requirement, possible effects on 40B compliance, the number of new lots and homes that might result, and the fact that the ballot initiative would not be amendable by the Legislature.
The hearing then turned to opponents from the Massachusetts Municipal Association, who urged the committee to take no action. MMA leaders said zoning should remain a local decision made by residents and elected local officials, and argued that the proposal would preempt local control with a one-size-fits-all mandate. They also said the measure is impractical because many communities with water and sewer are already at or near capacity, so infrastructure availability does not necessarily mean development capacity. The hearing ended during the MMA’s testimony, with no vote or final committee action taken.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Committee on Public Health Jun 21st, 2026 at 09:00 am
Joint Committee on Public Health
Transcript Highlights:
- I appreciate the committee's consideration of this bill and request a favorable vote. Thank you.
- Vote. Thank you. Thank you both. Any questions? Representative Kane.
- Please vote in favor of this bill for the countless voices that were never heard and for those who are
- I urge you to vote in favor of Bill S. 1505 and H. 2501.
- In fact, a majority of respondents are not MNA members.
Summary:
The Joint Committee on Public Health held a hybrid hearing on a wide range of bills focused on patient safety, workforce development, health equity, and access to care. A major portion of the hearing centered on H. 2362/S. 1491, which would require health care providers to offer trained chaperones for sensitive exams. Sponsors and supporters said the bill is a common-sense safeguard prompted by cases of physician sexual abuse, and survivors gave emotional testimony describing grooming, isolation, and abuse during exams when no chaperone was present. Support also came from a health services researcher, a physician, and a RAINN representative, all arguing that trained chaperones and clearer documentation would improve transparency and protect patients. Committee members asked about clarifying who may serve as a chaperone and whether the bill would apply to other clinicians such as PTs and OTs.
The committee also heard testimony on H. 2401/S. 1485, which would require explicit informed consent for certain educational exams performed on unconscious patients. The bill’s supporters said patients should know in advance if students or physicians will conduct non-medically necessary exams while they are under anesthesia, and that the measure would protect survivors from retraumatization. The hearing then moved to H. 2537, a primary care access bill. Health Care for All, the Massachusetts Medical Society, pediatric and internal medicine physicians, and a patient advocate described long waits, provider shortages, and difficulty finding primary care, especially for low-income people and people of color. They supported the bill’s proposed primary care spending target, payment reforms, Medicaid graduate medical education funding, and a commercial payment floor for health centers.
Another set of bills addressed workforce and safety issues. H. 2397/S. 1593 would establish a nursing workforce center; nursing leaders said Massachusetts should make the current workforce council permanent to support data collection, apprenticeships, and long-term planning for the state’s largest health care workforce. H. 2396/S. 1535 would require safe patient handling and mobility programs in health facilities; nurses described serious injuries from lifting patients and said better equipment and programs would reduce staff injuries and improve patient outcomes. H. 2501/S. 1505 on LGBTQ+ health disparities drew support from a medical student and Doctors for America, who urged collection of sexual orientation and gender identity data to improve care and school outcomes. Finally, H. 2448/S. 1522 on patient safety and equitable access to care drew strong support from nursing organizations and individual nurses who described unsafe staffing, burnout, and patient harm, while the Massachusetts Association of Behavioral Health Systems opposed the bill as redundant for psychiatric facilities already regulated by the Department of Mental Health.
FL
Florida 2025 Regular Session
Education Pre-K - 12 Feb 18th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- YES BY YOUR VOTE CS FOR SB 12 IS REPORTED FAVORABLY.
- BUT A MAJOR STUMBLING BLOCK IS SAFETY.
- YOUR VOTE SB 102 IS REPORTED FAVORABLY. THANK YOU MR. CHAIRMAN.
- DOES ANY SENATOR WISH TO BE RECORDED ON VOTING ON A BILL BEFORE THE COMMITTEE?
- SORRY. >> MAY I PLEASE BE RECORDED AS VOTING IN THE AFFIRMATIVE ON THE BILL THAT YOU TOOK OF PREVIOUS
AL
Alabama 2026 Regular Session
Alabama House Boards, Agencies and Commissions Committee Mar 11th, 2026
Boards, Agencies and Commissions
Transcript Highlights:
- >> Well, I just need to find out if the body wants to vote on this today.
- It would be my opinion to vote on and do the amendments, but we sometimes don't have votes on public
- let's vote on it, if everyone's okay, let's go vote on it. >> I would like to hold it over a week.
- vote on the<00:33:32.320>
bill. - everything and vote on it next week. everything and vote on it next week.
Keywords:
cannabis, psychoactive cannabinoids, CBD, delta-8 THC, delta-9 THC, delta-10 THC, criminal penalties, youth protection, medical cannabis, HB586, Cullman, Cullman County, City of Cullman, annexation, municipal boundaries, corporate limits, local legislation, boundary adjustment, city limits, municipal expansion
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Governmental Organization Committee Jun 23rd, 2026
Governmental Organization
Transcript Highlights:
- I urge your no vote. Thank you. I appreciate this committee's time. I urge your no vote. Thank you.
- I ask for your aye vote. Thank you.
- Respectfully ask for your aye vote. Respectfully ask for your aye vote. Thank you.
- That has 10 votes. We will hold that open.
- We urge you to vote no. Thank you.
NM
New Mexico 2026 Regular Session
House - Health and Human Services Jan 21st, 2026 at 09:02 am
House Health & Human Services
Transcript Highlights:
- One of the major testimonies and stories that I hear is that people go hours without receiving help,
- We're standing in support of the majority of these compacts.
- There might be an amendment, but we don't get to vote on it. The judiciary gets to vote on it.
- I'm fine with if you just do a show of hands from the audience and vote.
- Go ahead and do the vote. All right, we'll go to the committee.
NM
New Mexico 2026 Regular Session
House - Health and Human Services Jan 21st, 2026
House Health & Human Services
Transcript Highlights:
- We're standing in support of the majority of these compacts.
- There might be an amendment, but we don't get to vote on it. The judiciary gets to vote on it.
- I'm fine with if you just do a show of hands from the audience and vote.
- Go ahead and do the vote. All right, we'll go to the committee.
- We see it as a major need in order to meet those needs.
AL
Alabama 2025 Regular Session
Alabama Senate Education Policy Committee Mar 5th, 2025
Education Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- We ask that you keep the system we already have in place and functioning, and that you vote no on this
- Senator, should we move for a vote? Senator Price, I second that.
- Speaking for two minutes each, and I've told the committee members and the sponsor that we will not vote
- Catholic or the majority Protestant. Now, there may be other Protestant expressions; I don't know.
- Members, I want to thank you, and again, as I stated earlier, we will not be voting on...
Keywords:
education, diploma, adult education, dropout prevention, nontraditional high school program, driver's license eligibility, vaccination exemption, religious exemption, medical exemption, vaccine mandate, testing requirement, public schools, K-12, students, parents, guardians, higher education, college enrollment, university attendance, public institutions of higher education
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Legislative Commission on Pensions and Retirement - 03/03/26
Minnesota Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- members and move to a vote to approve. members and move to a vote to approve.
- Chair, we can go for a vote.
- And so, they voted on it.
- <01:04:19.119>
The majority of the members support. The majority of the members support. - council vote, for example? council vote, for example?
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- utilities uh there were no uh major utilities uh there were no uh major environmental<00:21:56.720
- maybe usurp what the voters voted maybe usurp what the voters voted against<00:53:44.440>
I - My question is about the voters who voted in the November 2024 bond referendum, and they voted against
- My question is about the voters who voted in the November 2024 bond referendum, and they voted against
- Question is about the voters who voted in the November 2024 bond referendum, and they voted against question
KY
Kentucky 2026 Regular Session
House Legislative Session Day 9 (1-16-26)
Kentucky House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- suspend the rules for the purpose of allowing members to co-sponsor bills and resolutions or to submit vote
- He had practiced law probably longer than the majority of us in this body had been alive.
- <00:08:52.320>
longer <00:08:52.640>than <00:08:52.800>the <00:08:52.959>majority - <00:08:53.279>
of law probably longer than the majority of law probably longer than the majority - relating to voting rights. relating to voting rights. Representative<00:18:01.280>
Brown.
Keywords:
Convene 00:00
Calendar/Second Readings 06:39
Motions, Petitions, and Communications 07:36
Introduction of New Bills and Resolutions 17:37
Recess for ConC and Rules Meeting 19:15
ConC and Rules Report 22:17
Adjournment 24:18, 958, all
Summary:
The House convened with an invocation and the Pledge of Allegiance, established a quorum with 87 members present, excused absent members, and approved the journal from January 15, 2026. On second reading, the clerk reported House Bill 178 on the psychiatric collaborative care model, House Bill 280 with committee substitute on healthcare, and House Joint Resolution 24 with committee substitute and amendment directing withdrawal of the 1115A waiver application related to a mandatory community engagement program.
During announcements and citations, members adopted House Resolution 19 recognizing January 2026 as Kentucky Mentorship Month, with remarks emphasizing the value of mentors and personal examples from the sponsor. The House also adopted a citation honoring Robert Kaywood Metaf, a longtime Gary County attorney remembered for his service and generosity, and a citation congratulating Gary Thompson on his 80th birthday and his long-running West Louisville barbecue business. Members also noted committee meeting schedules, including cancellations and upcoming meetings, and one member introduced a guest connected to Logan’s Law, a bill described as responding to the release of a man convicted of killing a child.
The clerk then reported new bills and resolutions introduced, including measures on gubernatorial transitions, the Kentucky Fire Commission, voting rights, interscholastic extracurricular activities, crimes and punishments, motorsports racing facilities, social work, motor vehicle racing, renter tax credits, and appropriations for the legislative and judicial branches, along with House Resolution 34 recognizing Kentucky Arts Day. The Committee on Committees and Rules Committee met, referred numerous bills to standing committees, reassigned House Bill 258 to Veterans, Military Affairs, and Public Protection, and posted several bills and House Joint Resolution 24 to the regular orders for January 20, 2026. The House then adjourned until 4:00 p.m. Tuesday, January 20, 2026.
NH
Transcript Highlights:
- the legislation they propose to vote on. the legislation they propose to vote on.
- >> The eyes have it by a vote of 14-10. >> The eyes have it by a vote of 14-10.
- ought to pass by a vote of 3 to two. ought to pass by a vote of 3 to two.
- But we're in the voting mode.
- The eyes have it by a vote of 16 to 8. The eyes have it by a vote of 16 to 8.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House State Government Finance and Policy Committee 2/26/26
State Government Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- hands of who voted yes and who voted no. hands of who voted yes and who voted no.
- Steve Simon, Minnesota Secretary of State. the vote of seven eyes's and six nazs. the vote of seven eyes's
- If the vote was unsuccessful, that was his question: what happens if the vote is unsuccessful with a
- a vote.
- If the vote operating levy under a vote.
Keywords:
state grants, grant oversight, grants management, executive agencies, Minnesota Department of Administration, commissioner of administration, fraud prevention, waste prevention, grant monitoring, financial reconciliation, grant compliance, state government, public funds, grant recipients, competitive grants, grant administration, administrative oversight, monitoring visits, grant policy, legislative leave
KY
Kentucky 2026 Regular Session
Concurrent House Standing Comm on Elec, Const Amnd & Intergovernmental Affairs & State Gov (2-18-26)
Transcript Highlights:
- you go into debt before we have a major you go into debt before we have a major major<00:12:06.720
- And so you been one vote per state.
- One vote per state. So you're talking about one vote per state at every level.
- It went to the Senate and it vote.
- will ask for vote in support later on. will ask for vote in support later on.
Keywords:
Concurrent meeting of the House Standing Committee on Elections, Constitutional Amendments, and Intergovernmental Affairs and the House Standing Committee on State Government.
Title of video has been shortened due to YouTube length restrictions.
Discussion of HCR 45: 00:04:14, 958, all
Summary:
The joint meeting of the House Elections, Constitutional Amendments and Intergovernmental Affairs Committee and the House State Government Committee was called to consider House Concurrent Resolution 45, sponsored by Representative Jason Petri. The resolution would support calling for a federal balanced budget amendment through the Article V process. Petri argued that Kentucky’s own constitutional balanced-budget requirement shows the value of fiscal restraint, and he said decades of federal deficit spending and rising debt make a constitutional amendment necessary. Governor Ron DeSantis and Lauren Ends of the National Campaign for a Balanced Budget Amendment also testified in support, emphasizing the growth of federal debt, the risk of a future debt crisis, and the view that Congress is unlikely to solve the problem on its own.
Members asked about the mechanics and risks of an Article V convention, including whether the convention’s “sole purpose” language would be enforceable and whether a convention could become a “runaway” process. DeSantis and Ends said states can impose guardrails on delegates, including criminal penalties and delegate-limitation laws, and noted that any proposed amendment would still require ratification by 38 states. They also said that if Congress chose to draft the amendment itself in response to state pressure, that would be acceptable. One witness said 18 states have passed faithful-delegate or delegate-limitation laws.
Representative Callaway asked what would happen if the debt issue is not addressed. Witnesses responded that continued borrowing could lead to economic dislocation, higher interest costs, and a debt crisis that would crowd out other federal spending. They said the current debt burden is already more than $100,000 per U.S. citizen and roughly $300,000 per taxpayer, and that a balanced budget amendment would be a first step toward stopping the growth of debt before any long-term paydown could occur. The transcript provided does not show a final vote or other committee action on the resolution.