Transcript Highlights:

• For DUI reduction, deterrence theory relies on the certainty, swiftness, and severity of consequences
• This statistic highlights the importance of general deterrence in preventing the first offense.
• certainty element of deterrence.
• The deterrence has been there, but they're still making this decision to drive drunk.
• That mismatch undermines deterrence and erodes public confidence in our traffic safety system.

Transcript Highlights:

• This is a deterrent that some businesses decide to use for their properties.
• Essentially, the electric fence is a deterrent.
• It just offers a deterrent overall.
• Increasing it within the felony structure will do nothing to act as a deterrent.
• “I think the main argument probably from their agency is the deterrence argument.

Summary: The committee first heard House Bill 306, which would prohibit facility fees on certain routine health care services, including preventive care, vaccinations, and telehealth, while preserving fees in inpatient, emergency, and some rural hospital settings. The sponsor and Health Care Authority said the bill is meant to reduce surprise billing, improve transparency, and lower costs for patients and premiums. The Hospital Association opposed the measure as a potential threat to hospital operations, while insurers, consumer advocates, and a private citizen supported it. Members asked about rural exemptions, which hospitals would be affected, uninsured patients, and whether premiums might fall. The committee approved HB 306 on a 5-0 vote. The committee then considered House Bill 166, which would create statewide standards for battery-charged electric fences with alarm systems for commercial properties. Supporters said the bill would reduce permitting delays, provide uniform rules, and help businesses deter property crime. There was little opposition, and members focused mainly on signage requirements and the bill’s limited application to commercial, not residential, fencing. HB 166 was passed on a 4-0 vote. Next, the committee took up a proposed tax credit for gun safes tied to safe storage of firearms. Supporters argued it would encourage compliance with safe-storage laws and help people afford secure storage, but members raised concerns about the size of the credit, possible administrative complications, and whether it should be handled in tax committee instead. The sponsor agreed to roll the bill and work with stakeholders rather than move it forward immediately. The committee also heard Senate Bill 100, a committee substitute clarifying the definition of “dwelling” for burglary and aggravated burglary after a Supreme Court case involving a portal/porch area. Supporters, including law enforcement, business, and property-rights groups, said the bill would provide clarity and better reflect privacy expectations around enclosed spaces. The Public Defender and Criminal Defense Lawyers Association opposed it, arguing the law already distinguishes between trespass, attempted burglary, and burglary, and that the case was correctly handled under existing law. The committee passed SB 100 on a 6-0 vote. Finally, the committee considered House Bill 196 and House Bill 197, both governor’s bills increasing penalties for firearm-related offenses. HB 196 would raise the penalty for receiving a stolen firearm from a fourth-degree to a third-degree felony, and HB 197 would do the same for larceny of a firearm. Opponents argued higher penalties would not deter crime and could increase incarceration, while supporters from state police and the Chamber of Commerce said the bills target stolen guns that fuel violent crime. HB 196 was tabled on a 3-2 vote after debate over deterrence and the narrow scope of the offense. HB 197 was then heard separately, with no opposition testimony, and members discussed how the higher penalty would work in practice; the transcript ends before a final vote on HB 197 is shown.

Transcript Highlights:

• The certainty of punishment produces both specific deterrence.
• It's a language in criminology... ...punishment produces both specific deterrence, it's a language in
• criminology, that individuals stop reoffending, so specific deterrence, and then general deterrence
• Nothing else in our criminal justice can happen—rehabilitation, deterrence, incapacitation—unless we
• All that we talk about in terms of deterrence and punishment and rehabilitation that our criminal justice

Committee: House Community Safety

Summary: The committee held a work session on crime trends and policing effectiveness, hearing from national and Washington-specific experts. Adam Gelb of the Council on Criminal Justice reviewed long-term national trends, noting that reported violent and property crime have fallen sharply since the early 1990s, while pandemic-era spikes in homicide, assaults, and auto theft have since eased. He also highlighted that juvenile arrests and residential placements have declined substantially over time, though juvenile homicide has risen, and he emphasized that racial disparities in imprisonment have narrowed, driven in part by reduced drug enforcement and arrest disparities. James McMahon of the Washington Association of Sheriffs and Police Chiefs and Marshall Clement of the Council of State Governments’ Justice Center presented Washington data. They reported that 2024 crime in Washington declined overall from 2023, including drops in violent crime, property crime, murder, robbery, hate crimes, and vehicle theft, but remained above 2019 levels in many categories. They flagged domestic violence as making up about half of crimes against persons, noted rising animal cruelty and extortion, and said juvenile arrests and juvenile victimization remain a concern, with wide variation by city. Both speakers stressed that underreporting affects the data and that the state’s violent-crime solve rate remains low, with only 44% of violent crimes solved in 2024 and large numbers of unsolved homicides, assaults, rapes, and robberies over the prior three years. Jeff Asher of the Real Time Crime Index said 2025 national and Washington trends appear to be continuing downward, with murder falling sharply and likely reaching historic lows nationally. He said Washington’s sample data also shows substantial declines in murder, violent crime, and property crime in 2025, though the state sample is limited. In the second panel, Richard Hahn of the Niskanen Center and Mark Kropanski of Arnold Ventures argued that effective policing depends on strategic deployment, neighborhood disorder reduction, stronger investigations, and better data systems. They emphasized hotspots policing, problem-oriented policing, improved forensic capacity, and higher clearance rates as evidence-based ways to reduce crime and build trust. Marshall Clement closed by focusing on Washington’s declining violent-crime solve rate over decades and urged state leaders to prioritize investigative capacity and resources to improve clearance rates, especially in major agencies and counties with the lowest solve rates.

Transcript Highlights:

• quickly, deploy efficiently, solve more cases, and maintain order in public spaces, they create deterrence
• The certainty of punishment produces both specific deterrence.
• It's a language in criminology... ...punishment produces both specific deterrence, it's a language in
• criminology, that individuals stop reoffending, so specific deterrence, and then general deterrence,
• All that we talk about in terms of deterrence and punishment and rehabilitation that our criminal justice

Summary: The House Committee on Community Safety held a December 4, 2025 work session focused first on crime trends and then on policing effectiveness. Adam Gelb of the Council on Criminal Justice reviewed long-term national data showing major declines in reported crime and victimization since the early 1990s, a pandemic-era spike in homicide and some violent crime, and a recent drop back toward pre-pandemic levels. He also highlighted a sharp decline in juvenile arrests and incarceration, a substantial reduction in racial disparities in imprisonment, and noted that much of the disparity reduction appears tied to changes in arrest patterns. James McMahon of the Washington Association of Sheriffs and Police Chiefs then presented Washington’s 2024 crime report, saying total crime fell 8.4% from 2023, with decreases in violent crime, property crime, murders, robberies, aggravated assaults, hate crimes, and vehicle theft, while crimes against society rose. He emphasized that domestic violence makes up about half of crimes against persons, that Washington remains above its 2019 levels in several categories, and that underreporting affects the data. Marshall Clement of the Council of State Governments Justice Center added that Washington remains one of the states still above 2019 violent-crime levels, with homicide and juvenile victimization especially concerning, and noted wide variation in juvenile arrests and violent-crime trends across cities and counties. Jeff Asher of the Real Time Crime Index said his near-real-time data through September 2025 suggests continued national and Washington declines in murder, violent crime, and property crime, with Washington’s murder trend likely continuing downward into 2025. The second half of the work session shifted to policing methods and clearance rates. Richard Hahn of the Niskanen Center argued that disorder and neighborhood conditions affect public safety perceptions, that environmental design and street lighting can reduce crime, and that police agencies need better deployment, investigative capacity, and clearance rates, especially amid staffing shortages. Mark Kropanski of Arnold Ventures summarized research finding that police staffing matters, hotspots and problem-oriented policing reduce crime, and better investigations increase deterrence and trust; he stressed that homicide clearance rates remain only around 60% in Washington and that property-crime clearance is much lower. Marshall Clement returned to focus on Washington’s solve rates, saying only 44% of violent crimes reported to police are solved, with 62% of homicides, 51% of aggravated assaults, 25% of rapes, and 31% of robberies cleared in 2024, and that large numbers of serious crimes remain unsolved over a three-year period. He urged state leaders to set goals, improve data collection, strengthen investigative resources, and support victims and witnesses. No votes or formal actions were taken; the session was informational and included extensive member questions about juvenile crime, domestic violence, underreporting, detective staffing, and how to improve clearance rates.

Transcript Highlights:

• <00:42:23.040><c> the</c><00:42:23.200><c> Kentucky</c><00:42:23.680><c> New</c><00:42:24.000><c> Nuclear
• </c> grants from the Kentucky New Nuclear grants from the Kentucky New Nuclear Energy<00:42:24.960><c
• :42:39.119><c> our</c><00:42:39.359><c> commonwealth</c><00:42:40.319><c> on</c><00:42:40.640><c> nuclear
• </c> within our commonwealth on nuclear. Mr. within our commonwealth on nuclear. Mr.
• </c><00:42:54.640><c> and</c><00:42:54.800><c> and</c> you know, as I promote nuclear and and you know

Transcript Highlights:

• But Texans for Lawsuit Reform would have called it a nuclear verdict and used us and Colton... ...as
• Recent trends have shown a shift in the Texas litigation environment and the rise of nuclear...
• As many of you are aware, Texas is unfortunately a national leader in nuclear verdicts, defined as jury
• Nuclear verdicts.
• It's based on fear of nuclear verdicts in neighboring counties.

Bills: HB4806

Committee: House Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence

Keywords: civil action, damages, health care services, noneconomic damages, negligence, legal standards

Transcript Highlights:

• Storage of spent nuclear fuel and waste. Vote required. Representative Alamand, please.
• , Prong Horn, Haystack, and Nuclear, Prong Horn, Haystack, and others. others. others.
• </c> on the storage of radioactive nuclear on the storage of radioactive nuclear waste<01:22:10.560><
• the expansion of nuclear have additional nuclear<01:23:15.040><c> generation</c><01:23:15.520><c> in
• </c> number three, storage of spent nuclear number three, storage of spent nuclear and<01:24:31.920><

Transcript Highlights:

• We'd like to invite all our members this afternoon to a meeting with the Kentucky Nuclear Energy Authority
• </c><00:18:44.400><c> energy</c> uh the Kentucky nuclear energy uh the Kentucky nuclear energy authority
• Chyros that does major uh cooperations Chyros that does major uh cooperations in<00:18:56.320><c> nuclear
• energy</c><00:18:57.039><c> with</c><00:18:57.360><c> companies</c><00:18:57.760><c> like</c> in nuclear
• energy with companies like in nuclear energy with companies like Google,<00:18:59.120><c> Amazon</c>

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> Igo's nuclear study. Igo's nuclear study.
• &gt;&gt; I think when we heard the nuclear study &gt;&gt; I think when we heard the nuclear study bill
• </c><00:20:52.680><c> plant</c> beginning building a nuclear plant beginning building a nuclear plant
• As far as the nuclear study, I muster.
• A nuclear study is a good idea. what? A nuclear study is a good idea.

Bills: HF4560 , HF4559 , HF2317 , HF3179 , HF4880 , HF2862 , HF4374

Committee: House Energy Finance and Policy

Keywords: Public Utilities Commission, PUC, energy regulation, utility regulation, electric utility, public utility, rate case, multiyear rate plan, decoupling, rate decoupling, greenhouse gas, social cost of carbon, environmental cost, resource planning, certificate of need, distributed renewable energy, interconnection, budget billing, electronic filing, contested case

Transcript Highlights:

• of those new baseloads that I think we're headed down the path of putting to use in the future is nuclear
• Other sustainable, you had mentioned nuclear, would that also include hydro in the future as well?
• That is the intent, yes, although a lot more difficult to come up with new sources of hydro than nuclear
• .that is the intent, yes, although a lot more difficult to come up with new sources of hydro than nuclear
• of additional sources of revenue for them in the future, whether it's for hydro or geothermal or nuclear

Committee: Senate Resources and Environment

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> based on a mutual commitment to nuclear based on a mutual commitment to nuclear nonproliferation
• </c> information for peaceful nuclear information for peaceful nuclear purposes<05:11:15.680><c> it</
• </c><05:11:53.920><c> nuclear</c> acquiring sensitive nuclear acquiring sensitive nuclear technology<
• </c> treaty on nonproliferation of nuclear treaty on nonproliferation of nuclear weapons<05:12:55.920
• Thailand's domestic civil nuclear Thailand's domestic civil nuclear activities<05:13:22.558><c> and</

Bills: HR28 , HR153 , HR40 , HR39 , HR38

Keywords: remote testimony, committee proceedings, witness participation, Congress, transparency, condolences, aviation safety, transportation disaster, victims support, first responders, committee elections, House of Representatives, legislative process, congressional committees, membership, House resolution, committee assignments, standing committees, 119th Congress, Armed Services Committee

Transcript Highlights:

• And we've kind of entered a new brave new world, right, with AI and nuclear and all the nuclear energy
• </c> new world, right, with AI and nuclear new world, right, with AI and nuclear and<00:26:43.760><c>
• ><c> demands</c><00:26:45.760><c> um</c> and all the nuclear energy demands um and all the nuclear energy
• Nuclear remains. I'm on the Nuclear Energy Development Authority here in Kentucky.
• Um, be the the the bridge to nuclear.

Summary: The committee met with a quorum, approved the minutes from the previous meeting, and then heard a presentation from LG&E and KU representatives Caroline Clark and John Bevington on economic development, energy demand, and the utility’s role in supporting Kentucky’s growth. Bevington described the company’s service territory, generation fleet, and recent economic development activity, including 76 projects supported in 2024, more than $2.8 billion in private investment, and over 3,000 new jobs. He emphasized that data centers are now the dominant driver in the pipeline, with 22 data center projects representing about 8.7 of the 9.7 gigawatts of potential demand, alongside other manufacturing and commercial projects. A major focus was how data centers choose sites and how utilities respond. Bevington explained that hyperscale data centers typically approach utilities first because they need transmission-level access, and that utilities then conduct internal analyses, estimate infrastructure needs, and require financial security before proceeding. He said the company is working through formal transmission studies and long-lead infrastructure planning, and noted that Kentucky’s sales tax exemption for data centers helped attract interest. He also outlined the economic benefits of data centers, citing an announced Louisville project of 525 megawatts and about $11 billion in investment, with an estimated $500 million in new tax revenue over 10 years, plus broader job and GDP impacts. Members asked about whether data centers could generate their own power, the reliability of the pipeline numbers given confidentiality and nondisclosure agreements, and cybersecurity concerns. Bevington said the company does not assume all pipeline projects will materialize in Kentucky and instead assigns probabilities to avoid overbuilding. He also said he was not the right person to address cybersecurity in detail but offered to return to a committee focused on IT or security. In response to questions about future supply, he said LG&E and KU are adding generation through a 120-megawatt solar facility in Mercer County, a 120-megawatt solar purchase in Marion County, and a 645-megawatt natural gas combined-cycle plant in Louisville, with PSC approval recently granted for additional generation and related system upgrades.

Transcript Highlights:

• To answer your question about the deterrent, the hope, that's absolutely what the hope is.
• So, yes, sir, that deterrence is the hope, but accountability is also the final aspect, if that is the
• To answer your question about the deterrent, the hope, that's absolutely what the hope is.
• So, yes, sir, that deterrence is the, is the high. looking at as a misdemeanor.
• So, yes, sir, that deterrence is the hope, but accountability is also the final aspect, if that is the

Bills: SB1936 , SB1612 , SB1543 , SB1260 , SB1988 , SB1859 , SB2041 , SB1257

Committee: Senate Public Safety

Summary: The Public Safety Committee took up several criminal justice and public safety measures. Senate Bill 1936, as amended, increased penalties for impersonating law enforcement from a misdemeanor to a felony and expanded seizure provisions; amendments added federal law enforcement agents and state troopers to the covered officers, and the bill passed unanimously. Senate Bill 1612, requested by Tulsa police, would require limited reporting and sharing of certain injury-related information and hospital video/photo evidence with law enforcement to aid violent-crime investigations; members raised HIPAA, scope, and criminalization concerns, but the bill passed 5-2. Senate Bill 1543 would aggregate multiple DUI offenses within one year into a single felony case; after questions about sentencing, municipal charges, and deterrence, it passed 6-2. Senate Bill 1260 would require child sex traffickers and human traffickers to serve 100% of their sentences without parole or earned credits, and it passed 6-2. The committee also considered Senate Bill 1988, which would increase wire-transfer fees on funds sent outside the United States and restore an income-tax credit for Oklahoma filers; members questioned whether it functioned as a tax, its impact on lower-income senders and service members, and its connection to drug trafficking. The bill failed on a 4-4 vote. Senate Bill 1859, creating an OSBI cybercrime and fraud unit with an estimated $3 million fiscal impact, passed unanimously after testimony that cyber and cryptocurrency fraud are growing and often harm elderly victims. Senate Bill 2041 would make a third possession offense for methamphetamine, fentanyl, or cocaine a felony, with supporters saying it would push offenders toward drug court and opponents warning it would increase incarceration; it passed 6-2. Finally, Senate Bill 1257 would classify THC as a Schedule I drug to align with federal law and close trafficking loopholes, and it passed unanimously. Senate Bill 1584 was laid over at the author’s request.

Transcript Highlights:

• Three years ago, Holtec International, the company that is decommissioning the Pilgrim nuclear power
• You do not put nuclear waste into your water. This is the foundation of life.
• I'm a member, panel member of the state's Nuclear Decommissioning Citizen Advisory Panel, appointed by
• I've worked on nuclear safety issues since I retired from WilmerHale 12 years ago.
• Currently, I am also a member of the Commonwealth's Nuclear Decommissioning Panel.

Committee: Joint Joint Committee on Environment and Natural Resources

Summary: The Joint Committee on Environment and Natural Resources held a hybrid hearing with testimony on a range of environmental bills. Early testimony focused on H. 1018, which would update management of the Commonwealth’s water resources and limit new conditions on historic water registrations. Water officials from Wellesley and the Springfield Water and Sewer Commission supported the bill, arguing that drought-related restrictions on registered withdrawals are difficult to administer, create customer confusion, and can undermine utility revenue needed for infrastructure upgrades. A Massachusetts Waterworks Association representative also backed the bill, saying registered systems have long operated within their allocations and should not have those withdrawals conditioned by regulation. A major portion of the hearing centered on H. 1040, which would ban tire-derived materials on playgrounds and playing fields. The bill’s petitioner, environmental advocates, and an environmental chemist testified that crumb rubber and other tire-derived infill can release chemicals into soil and water and may pose risks to aquatic life and public health. Committee members asked about alternatives and costs; witnesses said natural grass and some organic infills are available, though more research is needed on some substitutes. Rep. Schwartz also testified on CSO-related bills, describing combined sewer overflows as a public health and environmental problem and saying the bills set deadlines but leave implementation methods to local and regional officials. Rep. Chacolo supported H. 909, a grant program for low-noise, low-emission landscape equipment, citing worker health, noise, and emissions concerns, and Sen. Cyr testified for bills addressing coastal and environmental acidification and nutrient pollution. The hearing also included extensive testimony on H. 4040, which would prevent discharge of radioactive materials from the Pilgrim decommissioning process. Speakers including a Sierra Club representative, a physician, and the Massachusetts Lobstermen’s Association opposed Holtec’s plan to dispose of radioactive wastewater through evaporation or discharge, citing public health, transparency, and economic risks to fisheries and coastal communities. Another large block of testimony addressed CSO legislation, especially H. 1046 and related bills for the MWRA service area. Environmental groups, residents, and river users described sewage overflows into the Charles, Mystic, and Alewife Brook, impacts on health and recreation, and the need for a timeline to eliminate or sharply reduce overflows. Industry representatives opposed the CSO and waste bills, arguing they would be costly, duplicative, and disruptive, while waste facility operators said they already use continuous emissions monitoring and comply with existing regulations. No votes were taken during the hearing.

Transcript Highlights:

• ><00:48:58.240><c> to</c> over the past year as it relates to over the past year as it relates to nuclear
• </c> nuclear energy. nuclear energy.
• </c><00:49:12.080><c> energy,</c> listen to any podcast on nuclear energy, listen to any podcast on nuclear
• reactors that can supply the of nuclear reactors that can supply the power<00:51:07.440><c> needed</
• Um, the bill we passed with Senator Carroll as a start, it sets up a fund, a nuclear development fund

Committee: Senate Natural Resources & Energy

Transcript Highlights:

• for driving increases people's awareness of the danger of drinking and driving and also adds a deterrence
• basic messaging, the fact that it is backed up as part of the DUI law provides some additional deterrence
• I'm just curious, when you think about deterrence, I mean, often, you know, penalties are deterrence.
• You talked about a deterrent, but also education, and I know there's some language in the bill that talks
• It does act as a general deterrent in countries with 0.05 or less.

Bills: SB5234 , SB6110 , SB6176

Committee: Senate Transportation

Keywords: snowmobile, snowmobile registration, vehicle registration fees, registration fee, Department of Licensing, DOL, recreational vehicles, winter recreation, vintage snowmobile, parks and recreation, vehicle license fee, RCW 46.17, fee schedule, renewal fee, initial fee, Washington state, electric-assisted bicycles, electric motorcycles, transportation regulation, safety standards

Transcript Highlights:

• nuclear shouldn't play a role can never nuclear shouldn't play a role can never play<01:51:42.960><c>
• They've talked a little bit about the pros and cons of nuclear.
• I'll finish by saying that our current administration is pro-nuclear.
• </c> um you could envision a 400 watt nuclear um you could envision a 400 watt nuclear facility<02:04
• </c><02:07:36.000><c> reactor</c> not just picking up a nuclear reactor not just picking up a nuclear

Committee: Senate Energy and Natural Resources

Transcript Highlights:

• Just a question, Sheriff Salazar, what do you, um, What do you think the deterrent effect is of this
• This bill so that the law could serve as a stronger deterrent.
• Uh, about these increased penalties to actually serve as a deterrent.
• It's not a good deterrent and it's extremely dangerous for these kids.
• We believe it will serve as a strong deterrent to the crime because those thinking of committing the

Bills: HB268 , HB305 , HB307 , HB380 , HB548 , HB727 , HB268 , HB305 , HB307

Committee: House Criminal Jurisprudence

Keywords: false reporting, emergency response, criminal penalties, restitution, public safety, penalties, emergency services, public institutions, false reports, criminal penalty, pretrial hearings, criminal competency, legal process, court timelines, restoration of competency, fines, community service, credit, criminal justice, defendants

Transcript Highlights:

• , for new nuclear.
• , for new nuclear.
• , for new nuclear.
• , for new nuclear.
• , for new nuclear.

Committee: House Science, Technology and Energy

Transcript Highlights:

• A small modular reactor is a nuclear power plant, but small.
• I feel that the votes for this bill are voting for a nuclear power plant, a nuclear reactor in your backyard
• A small modular reactor is a nuclear power plant, but small.
• I feel that the votes for this bill are voting for a nuclear power plant, a nuclear reactor in your backyard
• And maybe it's a good location for a small nuclear reactor, but this bill smashes your voice.

Summary: The Senate opened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, attendance, and approval of the prior journal. Members then introduced guests, including Dr. Stephen Brown as doctor of the day, Arizona State Troopers Day participants, the Arizona Speech-Language-Hearing Association, and the Arizona delegation of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority. The Senate also adopted a proclamation recognizing the Arizona Speech-Language-Hearing Association for its work serving people with communication disorders. The Committee of the Whole considered several House bills. HB 2133, dealing with sexual material and synthetic depictions, was amended on the floor and advanced despite objections that it was overbroad and raised First Amendment concerns. HB 2167, relating to the Attorney General, HB 2600, relating to public school clubs and parental consent, and HB 2811, relating to obstruction of public administration, were also advanced. In a second Committee of the Whole, HB 255 on brackish groundwater recovery, HB 2787 on limiting local cooperation with Mexican wolf reintroduction, HB 2795 on county zoning for small modular reactors, and HB 2985 on state land water allocations were considered; HB 2787, HB 2795, and HB 2985 advanced, while HB 2795 later failed on third reading. HB 2003, concerning driver licenses and instruction permits, was also amended to add a delayed effective date and advanced. On third reading, the Senate passed HB 2013, HB 2031, HB 2102, HB 2103, HB 2117, HB 2226, HB 2262, HB 2278, HB 2378, HB 2584, HB 2693, HB 2270, HB 2370, HB 2665, HB 2666, HB 2876, HB 487, HB 2003, HB 255, HB 2133, HB 2167, HB 2600, HB 2787, HB 2811, and HB 2985, with several members explaining no votes over water policy, local control, public safety, and free speech concerns. HB 2795 failed by a 15-13 vote. The Senate also agreed to a free conference committee on HB 2874 and appointed Senators Finchem, Bolick, and Ortiz to it. Bills passed in open session were ordered transmitted to the House.