Transcript Highlights:

• Senators and guests in the gallery, please rise for the opening prayer to be delivered today by Pastor
• As of late 2024, approximately 50 open criminal investigations related to petition gatherers...
• There were approximately 50 open criminal investigations related to petition gatherers or initiatives
• President's pollster asked primary voters this year about this plan to restrict the citizen-led amendment
• And that is where so many, well, other than OBGYN, in the primary care range, but when you talk about

Summary: The Senate opened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and a series of introductions recognizing interns, pages, a retiring sergeant-at-arms employee, and advocates visiting for a Prader-Willi Syndrome awareness resolution. Leaders also noted ongoing budget talks with the House and said senators should not plan to be in next week while negotiations continue. The main floor debate centered on Committee Substitute for House Bill 12.5, a citizen-initiative elections bill. Sponsors said it was intended to address petition fraud and protect the integrity of the constitutional amendment process, citing investigations, arrests, and fraudulent petition activity tied to recent initiatives. Opponents argued the bill would make it much harder and more expensive for citizens to place amendments on the ballot, chill volunteer participation, and effectively favor wealthy or corporate interests. After extensive debate, the bill passed 28-10. The Senate then moved through a series of education bills, including measures on Bright Futures, Gold Seal, Florida ABLE, dual enrollment, educator preparation, and broader education policy, all of which passed unanimously. After a recess, the chamber took up House messages and concurred in amendments to bills on stem cell therapy, student athlete ECGs, cardiac emergency response plans, and school safety. Those measures also passed with broad support, with the school safety bill drawing some questions about the Guardian program and child care facilities.

Transcript Highlights:

• Otherwise, the language is pretty wide open to what OHA or anybody else may want to do with the place
• The language is pretty wide open to what OHA or anybody else may want to do with the place, and Mount
• Seeing none, senators, open up for questions.
• The primary concern for each of the trusts is their respective, you know, where their efforts are to
• by project the primary quana for each<00:30:40.960><c> of</c><00:30:41.120><c> the</c><00:30:41.279>

Committee: Senate Hawaiian Affairs

Keywords: 912, senate, all

Summary: The joint hearing focused on Senate Bill 4, which would transfer stewardship of Mauna ʻAla from the Department of Land and Natural Resources to the Office of Hawaiian Affairs. Committee chairs opened the meeting with housekeeping and noted the hearing was live-streamed, with a two-minute limit for testimony. Director Don Chang of the Board of Land and Natural Resources said DLNR had been working with OHA and had agreed to transfer certain lands subject to due diligence, including Kahana Valley and a parcel in Waimānalo, but urged the committee to finalize those mutually agreed parcels before taking on something new. He also described the current arrangement at Mauna ʻAla as a collaborative one involving the state and the royal trusts, with the state handling routine maintenance and the trusts contributing to larger repairs and improvements on a project-by-project basis rather than through direct annual appropriations. Testimony was mixed. Supporters argued that OHA is better positioned to steward the site because of its cultural mission, Native Hawaiian governance, and ability to protect sacred places with greater cultural competency and accountability. Several speakers emphasized that Mauna ʻAla is not a state park and should be cared for by those with direct cultural ties and experience, and some cited OHA’s recent financial reforms and partnerships as reasons for confidence. Others, including representatives of the Daughters and Sons of the Hawaiian Warriors Makakoa, opposed the bill, citing concerns about OHA’s past financial management, transparency, and the need for more public information and testimony before any transfer. One testifier also argued the land transfer itself was unlawful and rooted in the history of the overthrow and annexation. Members and testifiers also discussed the historical role of the royal trusts and family caretakers at Mauna ʻAla, with one descendant describing a long family stewardship and supporting OHA only if amended language preserved checks and balances and protected iwi and burial grounds. Another speaker said the family recognized James Mayo as kahu of Mauna ʻAla and supported the bill because prior DLNR efforts had not sufficiently protected traditional and customary rights. The hearing ended after public testimony and committee questions, with no vote or final action taken in the portion provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• The primary hurdle acres of temporary.
• Uh I'll also add a fair and open way.
• </c> privacy where it might be open privacy where it might be open to<02:21:05.120><c> say</c><02:21:
• It can't be wide open.
• </c> can't be wide open. can't be wide open.

Keywords: 916, all

Transcript Highlights:

• It is their primary source for buying materials, or it could be the primary source for updating their
• So I think I'm going to leave that there and just leave myself open for any questions that you might
• So I think I'm going to leave that there and just leave myself open for any questions that you might
• It keeps the doors open.
• I would invite you, if you would be open to sharing your testimony in written form. It is.

Committee: House Ways and Means

Keywords: 959, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The bill as currently written provides that this information is going to be open to the public.
• The bill as currently written provides that this information is going to be open to the public.
• The bill as currently written provides that this information is going to be open to the public.
• But, you know, I could just be missing it, but I want to make sure that we aren't opening that up in
• that up in some opening that up in some there's<00:24:44.000><c> a</c> there's a there's a pass.

Committee: Senate State & Local Government

Keywords: Meeting Start: 00:00 Attendance Roll Call: 00:01 SB 132 Discussion 00:44 SB 132 Vote 07:10 SB 33 Discussion 08:30 SB 33 Vote 17:24 SB 85 Discussion 18:08 SB 85 Vote 25:58 Adjournment: 26:38, 958, all

Transcript Highlights:

• But also that the primary purpose of that report was to ensure that lodging tax revenues go to where
• that it's a burden on getting the data, even though it's voluntarily collected, but also that the primary
• It's really eye-opening to see how low the income level is for the median 50%.
• Okay, let's take questions for our staff and then open it up to DOH.
• If I could help to clarify a little bit, the cost won't appear as open.

Summary: The Joint Legislative Audit and Review Committee met on January 7, 2026, approved the December minutes, and adopted an amended work plan. Staff proposed moving the drug takeback program sunset review up to 2026 and delaying the thermal energy network pilot review to 2028, which would free capacity for new studies. Members also noted bills that would eliminate two recurring JLARC reports, including one on unemployment insurance training benefits and one on lodging tax revenue reporting. The committee then discussed JLARC’s own performance measures and a pilot approach for evaluating tax preference performance statements in fiscal notes. Staff said JLARC will begin surveying members and the full legislature on satisfaction, track invitations to present to other committees, monitor recommendation resolution rates, staff retention, on-time report delivery, peer review results, and national recognition. For tax preference reviews, staff proposed a standard rubric to assess whether performance metrics match policy goals, are measurable, use reliable data, and allow enough time for evaluation; members generally supported the effort. Staff also outlined planned changes to public records reporting, including allowing agencies to opt out of tracking low-volume metrics, targeted outreach to nonreporting agencies, better data validation, clearer online guidance, and a survey of public records officers. The main audit presentation was a preliminary report on ignition interlock device compliance and monitoring. JLARC found that about 41% of drivers required to install devices had done so, with installation rates rising sharply with income; half of affected drivers earned less than $28,000 a year, and the typical annual device cost was about $2,700. Staff said the state’s financial assistance program has limited reach and lacks clear goals, performance measures, and coordination between the Department of Licensing and State Patrol. They recommended that the agencies formalize their roles and develop a coordinated strategy to improve installation rates. State Patrol and Licensing said they support the findings, described recent outreach pilots, and said they would work on a management plan and possible expansion of outreach efforts. JLARC also presented an expedited preliminary report on the drug take-back program’s fee setting and expenditures. Staff concluded that the current fee design limits the Department of Health’s ability to recover oversight costs and that public reporting of oversight expenditures would improve transparency. They recommended that DOH publicly report its oversight activities and that the legislature amend the fee structure to remove the cap tied to program operator expenditures. DOH agreed the current structure does not fully recover costs and said it would support a statutory change. The committee adjourned after noting its next regular meeting is scheduled for April 8, 2026.

Transcript Highlights:

• Uh, the primary focus of the board is public safety.
• </c><00:03:20.880><c> Uh</c><00:03:21.200><c> the</c><00:03:21.800><c> the</c><00:03:22.080><c> primary
• Uh the the primary board really exist?
• Uh the the primary focus<00:03:24.520><c> of</c><00:03:24.960><c> the</c><00:03:25.080><c> board</c><
• </c> we should take out cuz I'm totally open we should take out cuz I'm totally open to<00:58:10.720>

Committee: Senate Labor

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• It's pretty wide open.
• </c><00:38:56.800><c> I</c> I know specifically it's pretty wide open.
• author of the uh uh he is uh the primary author of the uh uh land<01:03:53.880><c> the</c> manager<01
• </c><01:10:50.600><c> focus</c><01:10:50.920><c> at</c> now so it is um not our primary focus at now
• Are these funds appropriated only to these DLNR lands, or are they open up as well?

Keywords: 912, senate, all

Summary: The Water and Land Committee heard several measures related to DLNR, coastal management, and public lands. SB 561, which appropriates funds for conservation enforcement equipment for the Oʻahu branch of DOCARE, drew broad support from DLNR and multiple organizations, with the chair noting 18 supporters and no opposition. SB 465 would require DLNR to study the carrying capacity of Kīkiʻola Small Boat Harbor on Kauaʻi and report to the Legislature; DLNR supported the intent but suggested the study be timed with an ongoing $41 million capital improvement project. Senator Kouchi explained the bill was meant to close a permit loophole that has allowed operators to increase passenger capacity without additional approval, while one testifier opposed the measure as unnecessary and late. Supporters included county and community representatives, while some written testimony opposed it. The committee also heard SB 1456, which broadens the definition of beach restoration to include work on eroded beaches and degraded dune systems, including sand management, native vegetation, and removal of abandoned materials. DLNR, the University of Hawaiʻi, and other testifiers supported the measure as an administrative update. SB 1460 would require BLNR lease extensions to use updated forms reflecting current leasing practices; DLNR supported it as an administrative bill. SB 1517 would authorize public land leases for recreational residential use by public lottery limited to county residents. DLNR supported the bill, and Chipper Wiman and others testified that it would help preserve Kauaʻi’s historic recreational cabins and create fairness for local families; the committee also heard concerns about older cabins, market-based auction prices, and the need to keep these leases affordable for residents. The committee then heard SB 1511, which would prohibit vessels longer than 75 feet from entering Honoliʻi Bay, with an exemption for government vessels; DLNR and at least one additional testifier supported it. SB 1019 would allow the Ocean Stewardship Special Fund to be used for beach restoration planning and grants to nonprofits for cleanup, but DLNR said that purpose fit better under the separate Beach Restoration Special Fund, and the Ocean Tourism Coalition opposed the bill on that basis. Finally, SB 1457 would authorize DLNR to issue interim rules on commercial and recreational water sports equipment use for up to two years; DLNR described it as an adaptive-management tool for changing conditions, while multiple water-sports operators and residents opposed it, arguing it would reduce public participation, expand agency power, and target the foiling community. The hearing closed with the chair noting heavy opposition to SB 1457, including 88 written testimonies against it and only a few in support.

Transcript Highlights:

• There are three primary ways we will get there.
• There are three primary ways we by 2050.
• </c> the right pathway I'm open to this. the right pathway I'm open to this.
• </c><00:48:02.319><c> business</c> They have to have primary business They have to have primary business
• But I hold open the possibility that it will not always check out.

Bills: HF3217 , HF2252

Committee: House Workforce, Labor, and Economic Development Finance and Policy

Keywords: bioindustrial facilities, economic development, renewable energy, advanced biofuels, state funding, HF2252, Minnesota bonding, volume cap, private activity bonds, tax-exempt bonds, public facility bonds, public facilities pool, unified pool, bond allocation, municipal finance, bond cap, housing bonds, residential rental projects, manufacturing bonds, enterprise zone bonds

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> for non-wage income sources are primary for non-wage income sources are primary drivers<00:16:41.199
• Is that something that the DFL is open to?
• </c> that something that the DFL is open to? that something that the DFL is open to?
• So is that something you're open to?
• So is that something you're open here. So is that something you're open to?

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• e e e e e e e e Okay, we'll open the Senate Finance Committee, and our first order of business, Senator
• So with that, we'll close the public hearing and open the next one in just a minute.
• Its primary function...
• Its primary function...
• with that, we will open the public hearing on Senate Bill 242.

Committee: Senate Finance

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Matt Elling, Minnesotans for Open Government. I'm here today to speak in favor of HF 1917.
• :02:34.640><c> for</c> the committee uh Matt eing motans for the committee uh Matt eing motans for open
• :36.040><c> here</c><00:02:36.239><c> today</c><00:02:36.480><c> to</c><00:02:36.599><c> speak</c> open
• government I'm here today to speak open government I'm here today to speak in<00:02:37.000><c> favor
• </c> be these uh they call them like open be these uh they call them like open book<00:15:40.519><c>

Bills: HF1917 , HF1083 , HF367

Committee: House Judiciary Finance and Civil Law

Keywords: data practices, public official, transparency, government accountability, employment data, domestic abuse, domestic violence, battered women, victim advocate, advocacy, confidentiality, privilege, evidence law, witness privilege, court-ordered disclosure, shelter, crisis intervention, sexual assault counselor, victim services, protective services

Transcript Highlights:

• We'll leave the roll open on that bill for absent members. Mr.
• And we'll ask the assistant to call the open items at this time. Yeah.
• Aye. 12-0; we'll leave it open. File item 11, SJR 16 by Senator Caballero.
• We'll leave it open, and then consent. We did get consent.
• All right, we are going to reconvene and open up the roll one more time.

Summary: The Senate Transportation Committee heard several measures, with most of the agenda taken up by AB 1944, AB 2453, and SJR 16 after a consent calendar of eight items was approved. AB 1944 by Assembly Member Alex Lee would delay the schedule for reducing the allowable axle weight limits for zero-emission buses while keeping the final cap in place, to give transit agencies and manufacturers more time to develop lighter buses with sufficient range. Supporters, including the California Transit Association and several transit districts, said the bill would help agencies comply with zero-emission bus mandates. Opponents, led by the League of California Cities, argued heavier buses would accelerate pavement damage and increase local maintenance costs. Senators raised concerns about infrastructure impacts and environmental tradeoffs, while others supported the bill as a practical adjustment to technology timelines. The bill passed on a 10-3 vote, with the roll left open and later completed. AB 2453 by Assembly Member Michelle Rodriguez would clarify authority for first responders and peace officers to use off-highway vehicles in official duties, including limited travel on public roads to reach remote areas. The author and supporters, including the Carlsbad Fire Department and the City of Ontario, said the bill would improve response times for beaches, trails, deserts, and special events and reduce burdensome workarounds. No opposition testimony was offered. The committee approved the bill unanimously and sent it to the Committee on Natural Resources and Water. SJR 16 by Senator Caballero urged Congress to act on federal actions affecting California commercial truck drivers after a fatal crash and subsequent federal scrutiny of California’s commercial licensing practices, including English-language proficiency standards and rescinded credentials. The author and Teamsters California said the federal response had unfairly harmed experienced drivers and the supply chain. No opposition was presented. The resolution passed on a 9-3 vote, with the roll also left open and later completed. The consent calendar items were adopted 13-0.

Transcript Highlights:

• But the point of the campaign is to bolster business attraction and retention, which is, again, our primary
• We’ve held two board meetings, which were open to the public and publicly noticed.
• So we’ll do the window for applications will open in the summer, and we hope to have the funds out the
• But I hear, and I'm sure you do, in your part of the world, that workforce is one of the primary concerns
• Foreign direct investment: we are one of the primary states for foreign direct investment.

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Are you just essentially opening up the opportunity that if we, down the line from now, want to fund
• They are the primary reason why our...
• </c><00:04:29.400><c> that</c><00:04:29.640><c> if</c><00:04:29.840><c> we</c> opening up the opportunity
• that if we opening up the opportunity that if we down<00:04:30.919><c> the</c><00:04:31.080><c> line
• They<00:06:46.760><c> are</c><00:06:46.840><c> the</c><00:06:46.960><c> primary</c><00:06:47.600><c>

Committee: House Veterans, Military Affairs, & Public Protection

Keywords: 958, all

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm absolutely open to it, and I think it makes sense.
• If you have another suggestion, I'm open to that.
• And follow-up: current law in Florida requires specialties to be supervised by physicians, where primary
• Now you open your eyes. And the little girl that you tried to help was actually your granddaughter.
• Now you open your eyes, and the little girl that you tried to help was actually your granddaughter.

Committee: Senate Health Policy

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Summary: The committee first considered SB 268, a public records bill for emergency physicians. A strike-all amendment narrowed and clarified the exemption, and the sponsor said it was intended to protect current emergency department physicians and eligible family members who submit a written request. Emergency physician Dr. Sean Patterson and several health care organizations supported the bill, citing threats, harassment, and safety concerns tied to mandatory reporting and patient encounters. The committee adopted the amendment and reported SB 268 favorably as a committee substitute. The committee then heard SB 514, creating the Doula Support for Healthy Births Pilot Program in Broward, Miami-Dade, and Palm Beach counties for pregnant and postpartum women, with priority for those affected by substance use disorder. Members discussed how the Department of Health would implement the pilot, collect data, and work with existing maternal health partners. An amendment changed the funding source to specific appropriations in the General Appropriations Act. Supporters said doula care can improve maternal and infant outcomes and help address Florida’s maternal health crisis. The bill was reported favorably as a committee substitute. SB 36, on use of professional nursing titles, drew extensive debate over whether nurses with doctoral degrees should be able to use the title “doctor” in clinical and advertising settings while clearly identifying themselves as nurses. The sponsor said the bill was about transparency and patient clarity, while several senators raised concerns that patients could confuse DNPs with physicians. Supporters from nursing groups said the bill protects earned credentials and does not expand scope of practice. The committee adopted an amendment aligning the bill with the House version and reported SB 36 favorably as a committee substitute. The committee also reported favorably SB 864, creating a public records exemption for uterine fibroid research data; SB 844, requiring continuing education on sickle cell disease care management for certain health professionals; SB 1404, revising memory care licensing for assisted living facilities; and SB 914, clarifying dry needling authority for occupational therapists. Finally, the committee took up SB 1758, a broad public assistance bill affecting Medicaid and SNAP. The sponsor described reforms including stronger fraud enforcement, a Medicaid work requirement for certain able-bodied adults, expanded behavioral health services through a waiver, pharmacy program changes, and SNAP fraud reduction measures. Members questioned the work requirement, implementation costs, eligibility verification, and due process concerns, while the sponsor said the bill would require federal approval and legislative review before implementation. Three amendments were adopted to adjust drug list update timing, expand public testimony on the high-cost drug list, and require faster prior authorization responses with a temporary supply in emergencies. The transcript cuts off before the final disposition of SB 1758.

Transcript Highlights:

• Wildlife Research Institute Institute is the state's leading wildlife research organization and will open
• So the TEAS mission is supported by three primary pillars highlighted on slide two.
• So, this funding will create the GPU computational infrastructure. which will enable two primary initial
• Next slide talks about our open disasters.
• You will see 53 open grants. with over 5,000 projects totaling the 23.7 billion dollars and you know

Committee: House Appropriations - S/C on Article III

Keywords: 1184, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• So opening question is: we talked a lot about family farms exempting them, and you talked yourself about
• 15:53.360><c> so</c><00:15:53.519><c> we</c><00:15:53.680><c> talked</c><00:15:53.880><c> a</c> So opening
• question is so we talked a So opening question is so we talked a lot<00:15:54.600><c> about</c><00:15
• residencies</c><00:16:13.399><c> within</c><00:16:13.720><c> families</c><00:16:14.079><c> we</c> primary
• residencies within families we primary residencies within families we could<00:16:14.279><c> change<

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• So with that, I will open up for questions.
• And I also have a homeless shelter open right now in the city of St.
• And I also have a homeless shelter open right now in the city of St.
• This bill just really opens up your eyes to a couple of different issues.
• They are primary in this state. Okay.

Committee: House Special Committee on Urban Issues

Summary: The Special Committee on Urban Issues held a public hearing on House Bill 2292, sponsored by Rep. Holly Jones, which would require cross-reporting and training between child/elder abuse systems and animal welfare personnel. Jones said the bill is intended to help identify abuse earlier by training investigators to recognize signs of abuse in both people and companion animals, and she announced planned amendments to narrow the definition of animal to dogs, cats, rabbits, and birds and to extend training time from one hour to one and a half hours. She emphasized the bill is focused on companion animals, not livestock, and said it would use existing agencies rather than create a new department. The committee heard questions about the definition of companion animal and the scope of the bill. Supporters included Humane World for Animals, the Jackson County Prosecutor’s Office, the Missouri Alliance for Animal Legislation, the Missouri Animal Control Association, the Animal Legal Defense Fund, Wayside Waifs, and the St. Louis County Police Association. They argued that animal abuse is closely linked to child, elder, and domestic abuse, that animal control officers and humane investigators often see warning signs first, and that cross-reporting would improve early intervention and save lives. Several witnesses described cases where animal abuse coincided with child abuse or other violence, and some said current reporting systems are inconsistent or delayed. One witness also said the training could be provided at low cost through existing mechanisms. Opponents, including the Missouri Pet Breeders Association, Missouri Cattleman’s Association, Missouri Federation of Animal Owners, and Missouri Animal Husbandry Association, raised concerns about the bill’s wording, possible inclusion of commercial breeders or livestock-related issues, and the role of humane investigators. They argued that animal abuse is already reported to law enforcement, that the bill could create confusion about authority or access to private property, and that it could impose costs and training burdens on agencies already stretched thin. Some rural witnesses said they wanted any investigations to remain with law enforcement and the Department of Agriculture, not animal welfare groups. The hearing ended without a vote or other action on the bill.

Transcript Highlights:

• So let's begin by opening the public hearing on House Bill 248.
• So let's begin by opening the public hearing on House Bill 2542, requiring use of alternatives to animal
• I'm always open to that conversation.
• We are open to changes to it, if that's something that your committee sees fit to do.
• Thank you for the time and open for questions. Thank you very much. Please go ahead, Holly.

Summary: The committee held public hearings on several bills. House Bill 2542 would require drug developers to use validated non-animal testing methods when available, unless federal regulators request animal testing. The sponsor said the bill builds on prior Washington action on cosmetics testing and is intended to move toward more humane and modern science. Supporters, including students, animal welfare advocates, and biotech-related witnesses, argued that animal tests often fail to predict human outcomes and that alternatives are more accurate. A biotech industry representative said animal testing is still necessary for some research and warned the bill could deter local innovation, but said the industry was open to amendments. The sponsor said she was open to discussing changes to the enforcement mechanism. No vote was taken on the bill during the hearing. House Bill 2629 would address theft and vandalism of critical communications infrastructure, including copper and fiber lines. The bill would ban cash payments for nonferrous metal transactions, require electronic or stored-value payment methods, impose civil penalties for stolen copper used in telecommunications cable, and create a new Class C felony for destruction of critical communications infrastructure. The sponsor and industry witnesses described repeated outages affecting 911, hospitals, schools, and first responders, and said Washington has a high rate of these incidents. Recycling industry representatives supported the bill after negotiations, but a prosecutor and some others said the bill should focus more on law enforcement tools such as searchable transaction databases and holding periods rather than new penalties. No final action was taken in the hearing. House Bill 2394 would expand the Insurance Commissioner’s insurance fraud program and create a Class B felony for insurance fraud, including fraudulent billing, misrepresentation of repair costs, and misuse of coding systems. The bill also broadens who can be considered a victim for restitution and gives the commissioner additional investigative tools, while the substitute removed a reporting duty for certified public accountants. The sponsor and the Insurance Commissioner’s office said the measure responds to more sophisticated, technology-driven fraud schemes that harm both insurers and consumers. Insurance industry and fraud bureau witnesses supported the bill as a consumer protection measure. No vote was taken. House Bill 2361 would raise the maximum principal amount for small loans from $700 to $1,200, with annual inflation adjustments, while keeping the existing 30% of monthly income cap and other safeguards. The sponsor said the change would better reflect emergency costs and help borrowers avoid illegal lenders. DFI raised implementation questions about inflation adjustments and publication requirements, and opponents from AARP, SEIU 775, poverty advocates, and consumer attorneys argued the bill would increase debt traps and fees for low-income borrowers and older adults. MoneyTree supported the bill, saying the current cap is outdated and that the product remains a flat-fee, regulated credit option with existing consumer protections. The hearing also included testimony on House Bill 2294, which would prohibit negative use restrictions on real property that block grocery stores or pharmacies; staff described a proposed amendment adding notice and changing enforcement, and the committee then moved the bill out with a due pass recommendation.