Video & Transcript Research : 'insurance code'
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CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Judiciary Committee Jul 1st, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- A blind, low-income senior in Oakland had $53,000 in code fines for yard waste and peeling paint.
- We went around and showed you that code enforcement is not done overnight.
- So back in March, in the multidistrict litigation on insurer-provider litigation, that's a long name
- the way in which they move so that we don't end up with four or five different bills and different code
- Well, Neil Clark, on behalf of Insurance Auto Auctions, we've had an opposed-and-less-amended position
Summary:
The committee met as a subcommittee without quorum at first, then later established quorum and continued hearing several bills. SB 27, the annual CARE Court cleanup bill, would require courts to consider CARE referral for certain misdemeanor defendants found incompetent to stand trial, combine some hearings, allow limited data sharing among licensed medical professionals, and expand eligibility to include mood disorders with psychotic features. Supporters said it would clarify the meaning of “clinically stabilized,” streamline the process, and help more severely ill people receive treatment; opponents argued it would expand CARE Court too broadly, strain county resources, and divert attention from housing and voluntary services. The bill passed to the Health Committee on a roll call vote and was placed on call.
SB 82, dealing with so-called “infinite arbitration clauses,” would limit consumer contract arbitration provisions to disputes arising from the product or service actually purchased. The author and supporters said the bill would stop companies from forcing arbitration in unrelated claims and would not ban arbitration itself. Opponents from business and banking groups argued the language was too restrictive, could create litigation over related transactions, and should be clarified as prospective only. The committee approved the bill and placed it on call after a roll call vote.
The committee then heard two reparations-related bills. SB 437 would direct CSU to develop a genealogical methodology and framework for verifying descendants of enslaved people, with oversight, reporting, and guardrails tied to recently allocated state funding. Supporters said the bill would create a fair, evidence-based process; opponents, including professional genealogists and reparations advocates, argued the work is already well understood, the bill is unnecessary, and it could delay action. SB 518 would create a Bureau for Descendants of American Slavery within state government, with divisions for genealogy, property reclamation, outreach, and legal affairs. Supporters framed it as needed infrastructure to implement reparations recommendations; opponents objected to locating it in the Department of Justice, warned about data privacy and law enforcement control, and criticized the inclusion of broader communities. Both bills were moved to Appropriations and placed on call. The committee also heard SB 52, the End AI Rent Hikes Act, which would prohibit the use of algorithms to collude on and artificially inflate rental prices; the author and supporters described it as a response to AI-assisted rent fixing in California’s housing market.
ND
North Dakota 2026 1st Special Session
Budget Section Leadership Division Jun 24th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- Department of Energy from Tioga, says, if we can figure it out in North Dakota and we can crack the code
- to be bringing a piece of legislation as a modernization and simplification of the oil extraction code
- I looked at that code the other day, and besides being 20 pages, I challenge anybody to figure out what
- Under Job Service, one item I wanted to point out is their unemployment insurance modernization project
- Under job service one item I wanted to point out is their unemployment insurance modernization project
Summary:
The Budget Section Leadership Division met with a quorum and approved the March 18 minutes before hearing a series of informational updates. The Petroleum Council reported that North Dakota oil production is expected to remain relatively flat at just under 1.2 million barrels per day, with activity shifting northward in the Bakken as technology improves and three- and four-mile laterals boost well performance. The presentation also discussed oil and gas prices, gas taxation, flaring concerns, the importance of pipelines and other linear infrastructure, and enhanced oil recovery pilot projects supported by state and federal funding. Members asked questions about gas production taxes, natural gas liquids, and the outlook for drilling rigs and future production.
The Office of State Tax Commissioner then reviewed the federal “big beautiful bill” and its estimated effect on North Dakota individual and business income tax collections. Staff explained that most of the individual income tax impact comes from the permanent increase in the standard deduction, while temporary provisions such as senior deductions, tip and overtime exclusions, and auto loan interest deductions have smaller or limited-term effects. They also noted that business tax changes, especially depreciation and expensing provisions, create a larger near-term cash impact, and that some FY25 collections likely reflected one-time oil field transactions that may have inflated the baseline used in earlier estimates.
OMB provided updates on major capital projects and facility funding. For Capitol grounds improvements, officials described plans for 18th-floor renovations, wayfinding upgrades, public seating, lighting, tree management, and possible restroom and lobby reconfiguration, while also noting the governor’s residence security project and the discovery of human remains on the Capitol grounds. OMB and its consultants also reported on the state facility maintenance fund, including window replacement, boiler work, roof and foundation repairs, and a new facility conditions assessment covering more state buildings. Updates were also given on the new state hospital in Jamestown, the Minot state office building, and the use of federal state fiscal recovery funds, including possible future reallocations to the Department of Corrections.
Finally, Legislative Council staff summarized the interim compliance report on legislative intent and trust fund activity, highlighting the status of lines of credit, Bank of North Dakota profit transfers, the statewide litigation pool, the new Office of Guardianship and Conservatorship, corrections planning, HHS program updates, and a likely future general fund request for the unemployment insurance modernization project. No formal votes were taken beyond approval of the minutes; the meeting was primarily informational, with members asking clarifying questions throughout.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Elections Finance and Government Operations Committee 2/24/25
Elections Finance and Government Operations
Transcript Highlights:
- <00:19:00.120>
E background us as a purpose Code E background us as a purpose Code E purpose - <00:19:01.480>
code <00:19:01.799>you <00:19:02.360>purpose <00:19:02.720>Code - <00:19:03.000>
E <00:19:03.679>is <00:19:03.840>used purpose code you purpose - Code E is used purpose code you purpose Code E is used for for for licensing<00:19:05.960>
uh - E is also used for doing purpose Code E is also used for doing backgrounds<00:19:15.880>
related<
NH
New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session
House Health, Human Services and Elderly Affairs (02/04/2026)
Health, Human Services and Elderly Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- Does the code ban mandates?
- Does it have a blanket code on mandate, or are there conditions where mandates are allowed?
- >> In the Nuremberg Code, um, there is no condition. No, you have the right to say no.
- testified to mention the Nermberg code. testified to mention the Nermberg code.
- Does it have >> Does the code ban mandates?
NH
Transcript Highlights:
- So, as the chairman on the House side, when it comes to departments, and we oversee banks and insurance
- um departments will come to us insurance um departments will come to us with<01:08:59.600>
uh - And this is UCCC. >> Uh, so just to remind all of you, UCCC—Uniform Commercial Code—is the idea that
- <01:26:00.239>
As crown jewel, Uniform Commercial Code. - As crown jewel, Uniform Commercial Code.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- They had some code compliance issues, exterior repairs, and interior rehabilitation needs.
- We had some code compliance issues, exterior repairs, and interior rehabilitation needs.
- They had some code compliance issues, exterior repairs, and interior rehabilitation needs.
- They had some code compliance issues, exterior repairs, and interior rehabilitation needs.
- We had some code compliance issues, exterior repairs, and interior rehabilitation needs.
Keywords:
affordable housing, local control, revolving loan fund, community partnerships, Minnesota housing policy, housing, locally controlled housing, Minnesota Housing Finance Agency, housing infrastructure bonds, state bonds, bonding bill, supportive housing, permanent supportive housing, homelessness, veterans housing, senior housing, manufactured home parks, community land trust, single-family housing, multifamily housing
NH
Transcript Highlights:
- Is insurance paid by the school district being used to contract for legal services for these meetings
- Is<00:24:54.720>
um <00:24:55.400>insurance <00:24:56.400>paid <00:24:56.720> - by<00:24:57.039>
the <00:24:57.360>school Is um insurance paid by the school Is um - She was coded. She had some special ed needs.
- <01:59:25.760>
But <01:59:25.920>it Within the code of conduct. Okay.
MS
Mississippi 2026 Regular Session
MS House Floor - 1 April, 2026; 10:00 AM
Mississippi House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Insurance. Gentleman from Prentiss, chairman of insurance, you're recognized. >> Thank you, Mr.
- A little bit less in insurance premium reduction? >> Yes, sir. >> Great job.
- We brought all the towing code section where we could try to work out some agreement.
AZ
Arizona 2026 Regular Session
03/24/2026 - House Democratic Caucus Calendar #12
Transcript Highlights:
- not get any points taken off your license or driving record, as well as there is a prohibition on insurance
- Madam Chair and members, Senate Bill 1165, Insurance Cost-Sharing Breast Exams, prohibits licensed insurance
- requires the installation of solar energy devices to meet the requirements of fire, safety, and building codes
Summary:
The caucus reviewed a long list of Senate bills covering elections, transportation, health care, land use, water, criminal justice, and local government. Several election-related measures were described, including SB 1037 on voting equipment custody and internet/port restrictions, SB 1568 on election system software timekeeping, and SB 1687 moving the primary date to May starting in 2028. Members also discussed bills on photo enforcement fines, roadable aircraft registration, motor vehicle booting, assisted living occupancy limits, and municipal permit and exaction rules. A number of measures were noted as third-read consent items, while others were flagged for further discussion or amendments.
Health and public safety bills drew substantial discussion. The committee heard bills on insurance coverage for breast cancer screening, safe-haven hospital surrender of newborns, dialysis documentation, behavioral health licensing compliance, naturopathic IV drug administration, traumatic event counseling for public safety employees, sex offender registration limitations, and probation rules for dangerous crimes against children. Members raised concerns or requested removal from consent on several items, including SB 1095 and SB 1094 related to gender-affirming care for minors, SB 1346 on AHCCCS claims processing, and SB 1178 on naturopathic drug administration. There was also debate over SB 1520 on immigration data sharing and SB 1635 on warning someone about an imminent arrest, with objections citing civil liberties and First Amendment concerns.
The committee also considered multiple property, water, and development bills. These included measures on effluent water use for landscaping, groundwater fee diversion in Pinal County, increasing the Water Supply Development Revolving Fund loan cap, creating a foreign entity review commission for real property transfers, and restricting transport of Mexican gray wolf pups into Arizona. Members discussed SB 1419 on solar roof inspections and financing disclosures, and SB 1787 on municipal exactions and appeals, with an amendment proposed to limit it to commercial property. Several members explained their votes or asked to pull bills from consent, and some items were noted as having split votes or anticipated floor amendments. The caucus ended with Rhonda’s election-related bills and a note that the group would move immediately into a closed caucus afterward.
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine managing risk for the long-term in the 7(a) loan program, focusing on hearing from lenders. Feb 26th, 2025 at 01:30 pm
Small Business and Entrepreneurship Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- personal... financial resources from the Credit Elsewhere test, waiving equity injections, reducing insurance
- bi-monthly paycheck with a salary that exceeds the living wage for our county based on the MIT Living Wage Code
- And I've seen the fees my entire life where SBA has provided this guarantee, this insurance to the lender
- , a.k.a. the customer gets this insurance as well, there's protection on their side, so there's benefit
Keywords:
SBA, 7A loan program, underwriting standards, loan defaults, Community Advantage Program, small business funding, testimony
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on discussions regarding the SBA's 7A loan program and its implementation challenges. Members raised significant concerns about recent changes to the underwriting standards, which have been criticized for leading to an increase in loan defaults. Ranking members expressed a desire for a return to stronger guidelines to protect taxpayers and ensure the program remains a viable source for small businesses struggling to secure funding. Testimonies from community lenders highlighted their efforts to support underserved communities and stressed the importance of the Community Advantage Program.
FL
Florida 2025 Regular Session
February 19, 2025 - 03:30 PM
Transcript Highlights:
- that is your admin cost that most of you would be familiar with: your rent, your utilities, your insurance
- We've heard the cost of insurance for our CBCs has been very high.
- You know, housing rates is also in there, so the increased cost of housing is in there, which insurance
- You know, we would like, we need you to translate this OCA codes that you've reported to us into a general
Summary:
The Human Services Subcommittee met with a quorum present and took up a presentation from the Department of Children and Families on HB 7089, which revises how Florida’s community-based care (CBC) lead agencies for child welfare are funded. Representative McFarland described the bill’s background, arguing that the prior formula relied too heavily on outdated, static factors and produced inequities among CBCs. She emphasized that the new approach is intended to provide a more stable, transparent, and statute-based funding method that better supports prevention, case management, and family services while reducing year-to-year political uncertainty.
DCF Chief of Staff Casey Penn explained that HB 7089 required an actuarially sound, reimbursement-based formula developed with CBC and provider input. The new model uses a cost-based structure with three tiers: Tier 1 for operational and administrative costs, Tier 2 for per-child/per-month service costs, and a possible Tier 3 incentive component for performance measures if the Legislature chooses to fund it. The model includes regional growth factors, inflation adjustments, a 2% risk corridor for Tier 2, a hold-harmless provision for agencies that would otherwise receive less than prior funding, and the ability for CBCs to retain some state general revenue savings. DCF said the model produced a total budget need of about $1.392 billion, roughly $28.6 million above the prior year after offsets, and that the department is also updating its child welfare case management system to improve data quality and future modeling.
Members asked about whether prevention spending is captured, how Tier 3 incentives would work and how much they might cost, how the formula accounts for insurance, hurricanes, child acuity, and staffing costs, and whether CBC executives’ compensation is capped. DCF said prevention is included in the model but is not yet separately broken out due to data limitations, Tier 3 is optional and not yet costed, and the formula can incorporate additional growth factors if needed. On executive pay, DCF explained that compensation is limited by statute for CBC contracts, but multiple contracts and non-state funding sources can affect total compensation; staff later clarified that CBC CEOs with multiple contracts had been reviewed for compliance. The meeting ended after questions, and Representative Miller moved to adjourn; the subcommittee adjourned without any vote on the bill.
WA
Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Select Committee on Health Care and Behavioral Health Oversight Nov 5th, 2025
Joint Select Committee on Health Care and Behavioral Health Oversight
Transcript Highlights:
- Before that, I really got into this space because I lost access to health insurance as a teenager.
- When we lost access to health insurance and removing barriers to care, I also spent some time working
- health care insurance market is also stabilized under all of the changes that are occurring.
- health care insurance market is also stabilized under all of the changes that are occurring.
- The legislation did provide driver requirements and insurance standards as well.
Summary:
The committee met to hear introductory briefings from the Department of Health and the Health Care Authority on agency priorities, federal changes, and implementation challenges. Secretary of Health Dennis Worsham said his department’s listening tour is focused on strengthening governmental public health, improving health care quality and access, and responding to federal funding disruptions and the shutdown’s effects on programs such as WIC. HCA Director Ryan Moran said the agency is prioritizing coverage preservation, oversight of major contracts, affordability, behavioral health integration, rural health transformation, and internal agency operations. Members asked about licensure delays; Worsham said the backlog had been reduced from about four months to six weeks and should be caught up by January 1, with possible further process changes if needed.
A major portion of the meeting focused on H.R. 1 and its Medicaid-related implementation. Governor’s health policy advisor Caitlin Stafford, HCA staff, and interim Medicaid Director Trinity Wilson said the state is working with DSHS, the Health Benefit Exchange, tribes, and other partners to prepare for eligibility changes, work requirements, and six-month redeterminations. They said the state expects up to 30,000 Apple Health enrollees could lose coverage under the law’s non-citizen eligibility changes, and that the work requirement/redetermination provisions could affect about 620,000 adults, with roughly 80,000 also enrolled in SNAP. HCA said it hopes to automate most verification, but about 15% to 20% of cases may require manual review, with technology costs estimated at up to $30 million. Staff also said they are trying to keep H.R. 1 implementation mostly in budget language rather than statute, and that communication and navigator support will be important to minimize confusion and coverage loss.
The committee also received an update on the Rural Health Transformation Program created in H.R. 1. HCA said Washington submitted its application to CMS on November 5 after extensive stakeholder engagement, including more than 310 written comments, webinars, and tribal consultation. The application centers on six initiatives: rural hospital innovation, community care and prevention, tribal investments, technology and data, workforce development, and rural behavioral health. HCA said the state is likely to receive less than the full $200 million annual amount assumed in the federal program, and that an advisory committee may be created to help guide spending over the five-year program. Members asked about palliative care, small business impacts, and communication with enrollees; HCA said it expects to share outreach toolkits and that no 2026 statutory changes are currently anticipated, though that could change.
The final panels covered organ donation and transplant services. Department of Health staff explained the 2023 “Lights and Sirens” law for organ transport vehicles, including licensing, driver qualifications, insurance requirements, and use of emergency lanes and traffic preemption; the department said one company is currently licensed and there have been no complaints. LifeCenter Northwest described the organ procurement process, the legal framework under the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act, and the rarity and complexity of deceased donation, noting Washington has seen strong growth in donation and transplants over the past decade. University of Washington Medical Center staff then outlined its transplant programs for kidney, liver, heart, lung, pancreas, and multi-organ transplants, describing the multidisciplinary evaluation and waitlist process and the coordination required with donor organizations and hospitals.
FL
Florida 2026 4th Special Session
February 12, 2026 - 09:15 AM
Transcript Highlights:
- There is an amendment that's bar code number 941, Chair: 889.
- And I do see an Amendment Chairman: bar code number 718509.
- Chair: You are recognized to explain the strike-all Amendment bar code number 873707.
- Chair: Bar code number 897687. You're recognized to explain the amendment.
- Floridians are paying too much for housing, for insurance, and for energy.
NH
Transcript Highlights:
- We moved from codes in New Hampshire.
- And that's what fire code and building code demands be built.
- And that's what fire code and end.
- complies with safe fire code complies with safe fire code requirements<04:18:38.640>
of <04 - So there is a discrepancy between our building code and fire code, and we have to fix that.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Public Safety Committee Jun 30th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- It gives the court information about things like insurance and rates.
- Existing Penal Code section... I'm here to oppose SB 1330.
- Laws and other Penal Code sections such as Penal Code Section 242, battery, and various Penal Code sections
- Many Penal Code sections address the possibility of this type of criminal behavior.
- law, and as specified in Section 5150 of the Welfare and Institutions Code.
Summary:
The committee heard several bills, though no final votes were taken because a quorum had not yet been established. SB 493 by Senator Becker would add war or armed conflict to California’s price-gouging emergency triggers, with the author and supporters arguing it would protect consumers from gas-price spikes tied to international conflict. Opponents, including business and housing groups, warned the bill could over-trigger emergency powers and create broad, ongoing price controls. The chair indicated support for an aye-as-amended recommendation once quorum was reached.
SB 1056 by Senator Grayson would require protective orders for disclosure of sexually explicit material involving adult victims in specified criminal cases. Denise Huskins-Quinn and Aaron Quinn testified in support, describing how sensitive evidence in their case was copied and handled without adequate safeguards; supporters said the bill would extend privacy protections similar to those already used for child sexual abuse material. Criminal defense attorneys supported the goal but raised concerns about notice procedures and how the bill would apply when material is in the public domain. The chair said the bill filled a gap in existing law and would receive an aye recommendation.
SB 1208 by Senator Grayson would let law enforcement seize and return crypto assets used in scams and fraud to victims. The Attorney General’s office and law enforcement groups supported the bill as a tool to recover losses from transnational crypto fraud, while the ACLU and public defenders argued it lowered the burden of proof, raised constitutional concerns, and could be misused against unbanked or low-level defendants. The chair nevertheless said the bill aligned with existing law for stolen property and would be recommended aye. SB 874 by Senator Weber-Pearson would strengthen oversight of Medi-Cal behavioral health treatment services, including requiring background checks for employees of providers and convening a stakeholder workgroup; it drew support from the California Association for Behavior Analysis and no opposition was heard.
Later, SB 1266 by Senator Stern would change how the value of stolen copper and related infrastructure damage is calculated, aiming to address copper theft and its costs to cities and utilities. Supporters said the bill would better capture the real harm from thefts that disrupt streetlights, telecom, and emergency services, while opponents argued it would inflate charges, turn many misdemeanors into felonies, and increase court and incarceration costs. The author said he would continue discussions and accept the amendments. Senator Cervantes presented SB 1379, which would separate the Riverside County sheriff and coroner offices and create an independent medical examiner; supporters cited in-custody death concerns and conflicts of interest, while opponents said the problem was not unique to Riverside and that the bill would override local control. Cervantes also presented SB 1418 to extend ballot-custody protections to other election records and equipment after a Riverside County ballot seizure, with support from the Attorney General’s office. Finally, Senator Blakespear began presenting SB 936 on nitrous oxide misuse, describing public health, impaired-driving, and disposal concerns, but the transcript cuts off before the bill’s testimony concluded.
NM
New Mexico 2025 Regular Session
IC - Military and Veterans Affairs Nov 5th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- We created our own code using Navajo words.
- It's all up here, the entire code.
- To developing the code. And it's not just for Navajo.
- So, they gave it to the Code Talkers Association.
- We had Code Talkers from Utah.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Labor and Employment Committee Jun 24th, 2026
Labor and Employment
Transcript Highlights:
- I am also a board member for a workers' comp insurance company, specifically insuring staffing firms.
- If I may respond, if somebody registers and says they have $1 that they're in workers' comp insurance
- It's those who don't have workers' comp insurance, who have our staffing agencies.
- And if they want to work the system and say we have $1 in workers' comp insurance, not anybody at this
- table, but if, And workers' comp insurance.
FL
Florida 2025 Regular Session
Appropriations Committee on Transportation, Tourism, and Economic Development Jan 15th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- So the insurance companies are required to notify ICE when someone drops in insurance policy on a vehicle
- They initiate an insurance policy on a vehicle.
- We will also submit that to the insurance companies say, please verify that this insurance card they
- We've reached out to that insurance institute that does that.
- They have to carry higher level of insurance.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Committee on Advanced Information Technology, the Internet and Cybersecurity Jun 21st, 2026 at 01:00 pm
Joint Committee on Advanced Information Technology, the Internet and Cybersecurity
Transcript Highlights:
- You know, concerns were raised about asbestos as early as 1899, and insurance companies began denying
- The insurance demanded he see a doctor before he had it. The doctor was out for three months.
- Also, they gave a non-optional insurance product on top of it that raised a huge amount of money.
- My name is Christopher Stark, Executive Director of the Mass Insurance Federation.
- So let's do sector by sector versus creating a whole new code around AI specifically.
Summary:
The committee held a hearing on several artificial intelligence bills, opening with remarks about the 9/11 anniversary and then broad statements from the co-chairs about AI’s promise and risks. Chair Farley-Bouvier and Senator Moore emphasized the need for guardrails, transparency, and worker and consumer protections, while Senator Finegold described Senate Bill 37, which would create a framework for AI model training with safety assessments, audits, incident reporting, Attorney General oversight, and workforce reporting. Members also discussed Massachusetts’ position relative to other states and the need for state action in the absence of federal regulation.
A large portion of the hearing focused on the Fair Act, House 77 and Senate 35, which would limit workplace surveillance, restrict collection of biometric and location data, require notice and human review for automated employment decisions, and protect workers from retaliation. Labor leaders, including AFL-CIO, AFSCME, AFT, SEIU, building trades, and other worker representatives, testified in support, describing harms from bossware, automated benefits denials, hiring and promotion screening, scheduling, and monitoring in workplaces ranging from health care and education to manufacturing and construction. They argued that AI systems are already affecting wages, benefits, safety, and job security, and that Massachusetts should act now to set clear rules.
The committee also heard testimony on House Bill 74, which would require informed consent and clear contract terms for digital replicas of voices and likenesses, with SAG-AFTRA representatives supporting the bill as a protection for performers and creators. Another major topic was Senate Bill 51 on social media algorithm accountability and transparency; child safety advocates, researchers, and a public health expert described harms from engagement-based algorithms, including exposure to harmful content, eating disorders, and youth mental health impacts, and supported independent audits and public reporting. A few industry and civil liberties witnesses supported regulation but urged balance, warning against overly burdensome rules while acknowledging the need for privacy, transparency, and accountability. No votes or final committee actions were taken in the hearing excerpt.
VA
Virginia 2026 Regular Session
Freedom of Information Advisory Council May 4th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- would love to continue in that role, because I like to chair all the things, but according to the Code
- would love to continue in that role, because I'd like to chair all the things, but according to the Code
- just a name change, but it has a number of consequences and a whole lot of changes throughout the code
- It's written that way in the code, but I don't know that we have, you know, a state-level citizenship
- Some of the state definitions apply only to certain sections within their code.