Video & Transcript Research : 'Second Amendment'

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MD

Maryland 2026 Regular Session

House Floor Session, 3/5/2026 #1

Maryland House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Favorable with amendments.
  • The second amendment strikes the bill provision making annual reports on school safety exempt from the
  • Favorable with amendments.
  • Move the amendments. The question before the House is the adoption of the amendment.
  • Favorable with amendments.
Summary: The House convened with 127 members present, heard a prayer, and then recognized 2025 Maryland Blue Ribbon Schools and the Maryland Municipal League on its 90th anniversary. The Blue Ribbon resolution named Baltimore Polytechnic Institute, Diamond Elementary School, Little Flower School, Meyersville Elementary School, St. Louis School, Stoneleigh Elementary School, and Wilson Whims Elementary School, with principals introduced from the gallery. The MML resolution honored the league’s service to Maryland’s cities and towns and invited members to meet municipal officials after the floor session. The clerk also noted a second printing of the 2026 rule book due to a table-of-contents error. The chamber then took up House Bill 80, the Residential Leases Fee Disclosures bill. Floor debate focused on what fees must be disclosed, what counts as a utility versus a fee, whether the bill applies to oral leases, and how the measure applies to landlords with four or more units. Supporters said the bill is intended to ensure tenants know all upfront fees before signing and to create a clear enforcement pathway; opponents raised concerns about penalties, affordability, and the burden on landlords. The bill passed on third reading by a vote of 95-34. The House next considered House Bill 153, which requires air conditioning in newly constructed residential rental units and units undergoing specified substantial renovations, with the standard that habitable spaces be kept at 80 degrees or lower. Members asked whether window units would satisfy the requirement, how the bill interacts with older buildings and ongoing renovations, whether it applies retroactively, how enforcement would work, and whether it references federal refrigerant rules; the sponsor said it does not require central air and is prospective only. Supporters argued it reflects existing practice in Montgomery and Prince George’s counties and clarifies habitability standards, while opponents cited costs and concerns about older homes. The transcript ends during debate on this bill, before a final vote is recorded.
VT

Vermont 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Session - 2026-05-20 - 10:00AM

Vermont Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • concurrence with proposal of amendment? concurrence with proposal of amendment?
  • To and then amend it with the finance amendment. Thank you, Mr. President.
  • amendment, please? amendment, please?
  • The eyes have it, and we have amended further amended the bill.
  • further amended the bill. further amended the bill.
Keywords: 927, senate, all
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • Haney has the second. Before we close, or before I... Mr. Haney has the second.
  • Pellerin seconding it. Thank you very much. The floor is yours. Thank you, sir.
  • AB 1016, Jeff Gonzalez, motion is due pass as amended to Appropriations. Member Hoover.
  • The motion is due pass as amended to Appropriations. Absent member, Colorado. Aye.
  • The motion is due pass as amended to Appropriations. Absent member, Brian. Brian, aye.
Summary: The Assembly Natural Resources Committee heard two items: AB 1016 by Assemblymember Jeff Gonzalez and AJR 10 by Assemblymember Rogers. AB 1016 would expand the local permitting pilot for geothermal power plants in Imperial County, increasing the eligible generating capacity and extending the program through 2030. Gonzalez said he accepted committee amendments and emphasized the bill’s potential to create jobs, generate school and local tax revenue, and support California’s clean energy and baseload power goals. Imperial County officials and supporters from the State Building Trades and Independent Energy Producers Association testified in strong support, citing the county’s long geothermal permitting history, high unemployment, and major economic benefits from proposed projects. No opposition was presented. Committee members asked a few questions, including about the bill’s capacity range and ongoing coordination with labor. Gonzalez said he was continuing to work with the building trades on amendments, and the trades indicated they were now in support. The committee then took a roll call and passed AB 1016 on a due pass as amended motion to Appropriations, with the roll held open for absent members and later additional aye votes recorded. AJR 10 called on the federal government to oppose Forest Service staffing cuts and highlight the importance of national forests for water, wildlife, wildfire prevention, recreation, and rural economies. Rogers argued that reduced staffing would worsen wildfire risk and harm rural communities, and the committee heard no opposition. The resolution was adopted on a roll call vote, with the roll also held open and later additional aye votes added. The hearing concluded after both measures received enough votes to move forward.
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • Do I have a second? >> Second. Yeah, I have a second by Senator Meredith.
  • >> Second. >> Second. >> Second.
  • >> Second<00:05:02.680> by >> Second by >> Second by >> Senator<00:05:
  • >> Second. >> Second. >> Second.
  • Do I hear a second? made a motion. Do I hear a second? >> Second. >> Second.
Keywords: 958, all
Summary: The committee first approved a motion and then deferred a large batch of 246 contracts totaling about $187.8 million until the April 2026 meeting. It then moved through the agenda and reviewed several pulled items, beginning with four Attorney General contingent-fee contracts. Committee members questioned why the contracts were new, what the $20 million maximums meant, and how the fees would work; the AG’s office explained they were new awards from a September RFP, that the $20 million was an outside estimate tied to a full recovery, and that one contract would require a $380 million recovery to pay out the maximum. The committee voted to consider those contracts reviewed without objection. The Department of Highways then explained an “alternative delivery support” contract, describing it as a procurement method different from the usual design-bid-build model and noting it can help with innovation, speed, timeliness, or cost reduction. After that explanation, the committee again voted to consider the contract reviewed without objection. The Kentucky Horse Park/Kentucky Horse Racing and Gaming Corporation presented eight legal services contracts; members focused on differing hourly rates and retroactive approval. The corporation said it had selected four firms through an RFP to maintain flexibility and avoid conflicts, would use in-house counsel first, and did not expect to use the maximum rates. Senator Thomas argued the committee’s statutory hourly rate cap is outdated and should be revisited. The committee then approved the contracts. One Transportation Office of the Secretary contract was deferred to the April meeting, consistent with the agency’s prior request. The committee then reviewed Cabinet for Health and Family Services items from the Department of Community Based Services: three contract amendments and one memorandum of agreement. Members asked about funding sources, service outcomes, and whether the programs reduce future need; the agency said one amendment was a $55,000 increase offset by reductions elsewhere, that the total contract amount with the agency did not change, and that follow-up data show over 90% of children remain in the home after services. The committee approved those items. Finally, the committee reviewed a LIHEAP contract amendment from the Division of Family Support, which the agency said used federal funds, not state general funds, to add newly appropriated federal money for low-income home energy assistance and crisis heating support. Members asked about future funding and were told that continuation depends on Congress. The committee approved that item. It then began reviewing Behavioral Health, Developmental and Intellectual Disabilities memoranda of agreement tied to Kentucky Correctional Psychiatric Center staffing; members asked for a count of personnel, and the agency said it would provide that information, after which the discussion continued.
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • Title amendment. Chair: Yes. We have a motion and a second on the title amendment.
  • Title amendment. Chair: Yes. We have a motion and a second on the title amendment.
  • Title amendment. Chair: Yes. We have a motion and a second on the title amendment.
  • Title amendment. Chair: Yes. We have a motion and a second on the title amendment.
  • I think we have a title amendment. Motion seconded. All in favor say aye. Aye. Motion carries.
Summary: The Health Services Committee met with a quorum and took up House Bill 414 with a committee substitute. The bill, described by sponsors and supporters as a continuation of prior maternal-health legislation, was framed as a clarification of medical standards and an effort to improve care for women and families facing complicated pregnancies. Representative Tate, Representative Nemes, Adair Wushar of Kentucky Right to Life, and Dr. Jeff Goldberg of ACOG Kentucky all testified in support, saying the substitute was developed collaboratively to reduce confusion in the law and help physicians provide evidence-based care without fear of criminal penalties. Supporters said the committee substitute was intended to define what is not an abortion under Kentucky law and to spell out medical treatments for conditions such as miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, molar pregnancy, sepsis, hemorrhage, preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, and fetal demise. Dr. Goldberg said current statutes contain significant ambiguity and have created unintended barriers to treating pregnancy complications, including emergency situations, and he gave examples of patients who were delayed or harmed because physicians were uncertain about what the law allowed. Representative Nemes said the measure was the result of unusual cooperation among groups that do not usually agree and described it as a first step toward fixing a discrete problem. Representative Wilner raised concerns that the language could effectively require a patient to be in severe distress before treatment is clearly permitted and that it was too prescriptive about how physicians should manage miscarriages. In response, Dr. Goldberg and the sponsors said the substitute was not perfect, was meant as a short-term solution, and was designed to give doctors more confidence in providing routine, medically necessary care for pregnancy complications. The transcript indicates the committee substitute was adopted, but no final vote on the bill itself is shown in the excerpt.
WY

Wyoming 2026 Regular Session

Senate Education Committee, February 18, 2026

Education

Transcript Highlights:
  • Amendments to this bill.
  • >> Second >> Second >> Second >> and<00:10:53.360> seconded<00:10:53.760
  • I think that's a friendly amendment if it's friendly with a second. >> I'll second that. >> Okay. >>
  • We got the second over here. Uh, potential amendments, I see this as discrimination.
  • Discussion on the amendment. amendment. amendment.
Bills: SF0035, SF0090, SF0072
ND
Transcript Highlights:
  • So I would make a motion that the Senate rejects its amendments.
  • Yeah, you amended the Senate. You amended the Senate bill. No, no, this is a House bill.
  • The Senate rejects its amendments. It's number two on the list.
  • Is there a second? A second. Second by Dan Johnston. Okay. All in favor? All in favor?
  • And I'll need to get the amendment number so that we've got the right amendment number.
Keywords: 908, all
Summary: The conference committee met on House Bill 1053 and took roll with all six members present. The discussion focused on resolving differences between the House and Senate versions, specifically around removing a 7% provision while keeping a 7,700 cap. After some confusion over the proper parliamentary motion, the committee agreed that the Senate would reject its amendments, which would leave the House version in place with the agreed-upon changes. A motion was made and seconded to have the Senate reject its amendments to House Bill 1053. The committee voted by roll call, with all members voting yes, and the motion passed 6-0. Members also identified carriers for both sides to move the bill forward. No testimony was taken. After confirming the carriers, the committee adjourned.
AL

Alabama 2025 Regular Session

Alabama Senate Banking and Insurance Committee Mar 5th, 2025

Banking and Insurance

Transcript Highlights:
  • A motion by Senator Livingston and a second by Senator Williams. Not ready.
  • Oh, I got a favorable by Senator Roberts and a second by...
  • Favorable by Senator Roberts and second by Senator Elliot.
  • Second, so we're on HB106 using the previous role.
  • On the second part of the amendment, do we have an agricultural entity right now that is...
Keywords: 923, senate, all
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

House Session (02/13/2025)

New Hampshire House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • seconded it is sufficiently seconded seconded it is sufficiently seconded this<01:07:24.240>
  • seconded it isic officially seconded seconded it isic officially seconded this<03:13:18.080>
  • Voting stations are open for 30 seconds. seconds.
  • Voting stations are open for 30 seconds. Voting stations are open for 30 seconds.
  • The amendment is adopted. The motion before us now is ought to pass with amendment.
Keywords: 1189, house, all
FL

Florida 2026 5th Special Session

Judiciary Jan 27th, 2026

Transcript Highlights:
  • The amendment is adopted. So we're back on the bill as amended. Questions?
  • Senators, we're in debate on the bill as amended. Any debate on the bill as amended?
  • Senators, questions on the amendment? Any on the amendment?
  • By your action, the amendment is adopted. We're now back on the bill as amended.
  • By your action, the amendment is adopted. We're back on the bill as amended.
Summary: The Judiciary Committee met and took up a series of bills, beginning with SB 620, which would require candidates for federal, state, county, district, judicial, and school board offices to disclose any citizenship in countries other than the United States. The bill was presented as a transparency measure, with one opponent waiving time, and it was reported favorably on an 8-0 vote. The committee then heard SB 1396 on litigation financing consumer protection. Supporters from the Florida Justice Reform Institute, American Tort Reform Association, and U.S. Chamber Institute for Legal Reform argued the bill would add transparency, limit funder control, and require disclosure of foreign entities involved in litigation funding. Opponents, including the Florida Justice Association, argued the bill would create strategic advantages for defendants and could affect discovery and settlement dynamics. The bill passed 7-2. The committee also approved SB 192, removing a $1,500 cap on patient funds chiropractors may hold in trust; SB 888, limiting indemnity and insurance requirements in design-professional contracts; CS/SB 332, creating a temporary closed-meeting exemption for pre-suit Burt Harris litigation strategy discussions; SB 820, requiring quarterly reporting on problem-solving courts; SB 1500, updating uncontested probate procedures; SB 1224, making fraudulent entry into rental dwellings a third-degree felony; and SB 1000, setting a floor and ceiling for interest rates on law firm trust accounts. Each of these bills was reported favorably, with broad support and little or no opposition. The committee also advanced CS/SB 694, which would compensate the descendants of the Groveland Four. Senator Bracey Davis described the bill as a final step in addressing the wrongful convictions, deaths, and long-term harm suffered by Charles Greenlee, Walter Irvin, Samuel Shepard, and Ernest Thomas. Family members and advocacy groups testified in support, urging the state to complete its acknowledgment of wrongdoing with monetary compensation. An amendment was adopted to divide any appropriation equally among the four families. The bill passed unanimously. Finally, SB 144 creating a public records exemption for personal information of Judicial Qualifications Commission employees and their families was approved 9-1. Several members also requested to be recorded as voting in the affirmative on specific bills before the committee adjourned.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
  • <00:40:15.359> adding passing this with amendments adding passing this with amendments adding
  • be making small technical uh amendments be making small technical uh amendments to<00:44:51.079>
  • regarding the persons covered we amend regarding the persons covered we amend Pages<00:49:50.160
  • of page five amending sections testimony of page five amending sections 15<00:54:18.799> starting
  • <00:55:25.319> for making any technical amendments for making any technical amendments for
Keywords: 910, house, all
NY

New York 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Standing Committee on Agriculture - 01/29/2026

Agriculture

Transcript Highlights:
  • We've got a couple seconds. All those in favor? Aye. Any opposed or without rec?
  • We've got a second, as I thought. I'll take that as a second from Senator Ryan. All those in favor?
  • We have a second. All those in favor? Any without rec? One without rec. Any opposed?
  • I'll second. You're the only person who makes me do this in a committee.
  • I'll second. You're the only person who makes me, who does this in a community.
Keywords: 993, senate, all
Summary: The Agriculture Committee met for its first 2026 meeting and took up a full agenda of bills focused on food safety, agricultural programs, consumer transparency, and farm-related policy. Early measures included S.592 on a youth and agriculture entrepreneurship summer employment program, which was reported to finance without opposition, and S.1239E, the Food Safety and Technical Disclosure Act, which would require disclosure of certain food ingredients to the state and public and also ban three substances outright. Senator Kavanaugh described the bill as closing a loophole in federal food safety law; Senator Borrello opposed it as a state-by-state approach that could raise costs and disrupt the supply chain, while Senator O’Rourke supported it as a science-based measure with available substitutes. The bill was reported back to the board with one no vote and one without recommendation. The committee also advanced S.1783A on liquefied petroleum/propane fee disclosures, with supporters saying it would prevent consumers from being charged for improper or hidden fees and opponents arguing it should not single out state-related charges; the bill moved to the board. S.4041, creating a sanitary retail food store grant program, was reported to finance. S.4162, relating to the Fresh Connect program and local produce purchases, prompted discussion about whether state resources should instead be concentrated on the Double Up Food Bucks program; sponsors said both programs are needed and that Double Up has capacity limits, and the bill was moved to finance. Later, the committee advanced S.6286A, establishing an agricultural tax viability pilot program tied to agrivoltaics; supporters said it would address a need raised in recent hearings and work with farm groups, while Senator Borrello voted no. The final bill, S.7618 on food safety and quality date label requirements, drew debate over whether New York should act without a federal standard and whether the bill could create confusion or unintended costs, especially for dairy and other perishables. Supporters said the bill would reduce food waste and simplify the many existing date labels without forcing new labeling on those who do not already use it; members also discussed refrigeration references in the bill, and the sponsor said the language could be adjusted. The committee then adjourned and announced that future meetings will be held on the third floor in the new location.
NM

New Mexico 2026 Regular Session

House - Appropriations and Finance Feb 6th, 2026 at 04:27 pm

House Appropriations & Finance

Transcript Highlights:
  • If we could have a brief explanation of the bill, and then we'll read the amendment, we'll move the amendment
  • In a second for discussion. So moved.
  • Please explain our amendment.
  • Is there any questions on the amendment, any opposition to adopting the amendment?
  • Chair, I would move a do pass for House Bill 158 as amended. Second.
Bills: HB2, SB193, SB132, SB35, SB145
LA

Louisiana 2026 Regular Session

Finance May 27th, 2026

Finance

Transcript Highlights:
  • Amendment Set 44-29. Amendments 1 and 2 are technical.
  • Amendment 24 is technical. Amendment 24 is technical. Okay. Senator Clow, just on the amendment?
  • So that removes the fiscal note, this amendment? It's the second paragraph there.
  • As amended. All right. I’ll move favorably. As amended. Okay.
  • As amended, it’ll be reported favorable as amended. No question. No question.
Summary: The Finance Committee met on May 27, 2026, with six members present and took up a series of House bills, most of them dealing with education funding, criminal justice staffing, transportation, health care access, and economic development. HB 325 was reported favorably after testimony that it would expand TOPS eligibility by allowing dual-enrollment credits to satisfy eligibility criteria and by making part-time students eligible for TOPS Tech, with supporters saying the program has been underused and the change would help working students. HB 719 was amended and reported favorably to increase assistant district attorney positions in various judicial districts; the Louisiana District Attorneys Association said the changes were based on workload data and local input, and members discussed the need to coordinate any expansion with public defender funding. The committee also reported HB 749 favorably, which would move Louisiana’s 529 savings accounts to a more secure online platform after a cyber incident, and HB 1028 favorably, which concerns transportation reimbursement for providers and was described as already subject to appropriation. Several bills focused on food access and local economic development. HB 1222, the Grocery Initiative Act, was reported favorably to let LED use existing grant resources to map food deserts and develop a program, with members noting it could return for funding later if needed. HB 1194 was amended and reported favorably to define food deserts and direct the LSU AgCenter and the Department of Agriculture and Forestry to identify and map them, with authors emphasizing it was a study and not a government-run grocery program. HB 755, which would create IDIQ contracting for architects and engineers on smaller state projects, was reported favorably with no fiscal impact. HB 823, a local diversion pilot for Orleans Parish, was also reported favorably after the fiscal note was revised to remove state impact and reflect only local costs. The committee spent substantial time on HB 488, a proposal from Plaquemines Parish to use severance-tax revenue to help buy out a private toll concession on the parish’s bridge. The author and local officials described severe toll burdens, economic harm to local businesses, and what they called an unfair contract, but members noted the bill was not funded and ultimately deferred it without a motion. HB 797, the Bayou Gold/Louisiana Sound Money Act, was amended to make implementation subject to appropriation and then reported favorably. The committee also took up HB 198, which would raise Medicaid reimbursement for ambulatory surgery centers for certain outpatient procedures; after extensive discussion about fiscal notes, access to care, and potential long-term savings, the bill was amended to narrow its scope and make implementation subject to appropriation, then reported favorably as amended. The meeting ended with the chair noting it would be the committee’s last meeting and asking members to spread the word.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Public Safety Finance and Policy Committee 3/26/25

Public Safety Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • Uh, there is an amendment to the DE3 amendment coded A3.
  • Uh, there is an amendment to the DE3 amendment coded A3.
  • Uh, there is an amendment to the DE3 amendment coded A3.
  • and as amended. and as amended.
  • Vice Chair Feist, is that your amendment? Yes, Mr. Chair, the A2 amendment is my amendment.
Keywords: 1183, house
LA

Louisiana 2026 Regular Session

Appropriations Apr 21st, 2026

Appropriations

Transcript Highlights:
  • we were amending out.
  • To that end, in all fairness, I have no problem in amending my amendment or making a substitute amendment
  • Robinson on the new amendment. Ms. Robinson on the new amendment. Mr.
  • Any more comments on the amendments? No questions on the amendments?
  • Proposed amendment is when it's gone, it's gone. Yeah, proposed amendment.
Summary: The committee first considered House Bill 350, which would extend the grade levels at Ecole Pointe-au-Chien from fourth through eighth grade. The sponsor and several members emphasized the school’s importance to Terrebonne Parish, French immersion, and school choice. An amendment was adopted making the bill subject to appropriation, and the bill was reported favorably as amended. Members then approved House Bill 749, which authorizes the Louisiana Tuition Trust Authority to contract with a program manager for certain savings programs, including ABLE, START, and START K-12, in response to a prior cyber incident and to improve security and customer service. An amendment simplified the bill’s effective-date language so provisions would take effect upon execution of the contract. The bill was reported favorably as amended. The committee also advanced House Bill 979 to increase the survivor benefit for law enforcement officers and firefighters killed in the line of duty from $250,000 to $350,000. Testimony from the governor’s office said the increase could be covered within existing appropriations and that the amount was consistent with inflation since the benefit was last set. The bill was reported favorably. Later, House Bill 42 creating a phased retirement option for public post-secondary employees in the Teachers’ Retirement System was reported favorably, and House Bill 205 to allow local clerks of court to supplement election commissioner pay by up to $100 per election was also reported favorably after extensive testimony about staffing shortages and stagnant pay. The committee additionally reported favorably House Bill 12 extending survivor benefits to reserve officers killed in the line of duty, and House Bill 324 on judicial salaries, after amending it to remove future COLA provisions and leave only the permanent stipend increase.
MO

Missouri 2026 Regular Session

2026 Legislative Session - Day Seventy One - Friday, May 15 - Afternoon Session

Missouri House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Though once the amendment was put in, I was Though once the amendment was put in, I was okay with the
  • He had added an amendment to the amendment for that bill.
  • I think it was our second year.
  • pass the amendment.
  • Just a second. The gentleman from Texas. Thank you. Just a second.
Keywords: 959, house, all
OK
Transcript Highlights:
  • I believe there's an amendment, and I'm accepting the second one.
  • I believe there's an amendment, and I'd like to accept the second amendment. Please, Mr. Speaker.
  • I believe there's an amendment, and I'm accepting the second one. The amendment please.
  • The clerk will read the second amendment. Mr.
  • Back on the amendment or the bill as amended.
AR

Arkansas 2026 1st Special Session

JOINT BUDGET COMMITTEE Apr 15th, 2026

JOINT BUDGET COMMITTEE

Transcript Highlights:
  • Started here in just a second. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.
  • I bring this amendment to make people aware.
  • That amendment is being sent to personnel for review. Thank you.
  • I just want to second what Senator Rice has said.
  • Senator Flowers, I will say that to this amendment, Senator Flowers, I will say that to this amendment
Summary: The Joint Budget Committee met to consider several budget-related items and amendments. An amendment to Senate Bill 30 concerning the Office of the Governor, offered by Senator Rice, would have canceled funding for a senior advisor position tied to former Corrections Secretary Joe Profiri; Senator Rice and Representative Wooten criticized the position’s cost and Profiri’s lack of responsiveness to the legislature and taxpayers. The chair referred that amendment to the personnel committee for review, and other members were told further discussion would occur there. The committee also referred an amendment by Senator Johnson related to the Department of Parks, Heritage, and Tourism to special language, and referred House Bill 1080 by Representative Ladyman for the Department of Human Services, Division of Developmental Disabilities, to special language as well. In other business, Senator Dismang explained a revised special language amendment for ADEQ’s waste tire program to correct a timing issue in the governor’s letter; the committee suspended the rules so it could be considered and then referred it to special language for the next day’s agenda. The meeting included recognition of student guests from Jonesboro High School and Hendrix College. No substantive votes were taken on the contested personnel amendment, and the meeting adjourned with plans to reconvene the next morning.
NH

New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session

Senate Election Law and Municipal Affairs (03/24/2026)

Election Law and Municipal Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • I'll second that. All right. Any further discussion? All those in favor of amendment 1252S say aye.
  • Bill as amended. Any further it. Bill as amended. Any further discussion?
  • open to an amendment.
  • open to an amendment.
  • Is there a second? >> Second. >> Okay. Further discussion. Seeing none.
Keywords: 1191, senate, all