Video & Transcript Research : 'Economic Development'
Page 226 of 500
NM
New Mexico 2026 Regular Session
Senate Chamber Feb 5th, 2026 at 11:33 am
New Mexico Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- But beyond economics, green chile is about heritage.
- I was, as you're coming up here, we spent a lot of time here in Santa Fe talking about economic development
- of the Gallup Economic Development and Tourism Board, and you just go on and on and on.
- ...for an apartment developer would yield significant competitive advantages for that developer over
- President, this solar development tax credit has a sunset.
HI
Hawaii 2025 Regular Session
HED/EDN Joint Info Briefing - Wed Jan 29, 2025 @ 2:00 PM HST
Hawaii House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- <00:19:04.440>
Development <00:19:04.840>board which is my Economic Development board - which is my Economic Development board they've<00:19:05.480>
been <00:19:05.559>doing < - And then, finally, again, to me personally, there's the opportunities in the economic development.
- And then, finally, again, to me personally, there's the opportunities in the economic development.
- And then, finally, again, to me personally, there's the opportunities in the economic development.
NM
New Mexico 2025 Regular Session
IC - Investments and Pensions Oversight May 22nd, 2025
Investments & Pensions Oversight Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- They go spend that money in the economy, create jobs, etc. so that's the economic benefit.
- That's the economic trends, what's happening, um.
- Or YNM E or maybe a combination of the two where we're looking at the economic federal economic outlook
- Is not the beneficiary of good um of of of a good eco economic standing on their part.
- I will just as an underlying value, uh, keep that in our economic status is New Mexico's economic status
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Cmte on Rules - Subcommittee on the Federal Impact on Minnesotans and Economic Stability - 01/15/26
Transcript Highlights:
- Uh, the Select Subcommittee on Federal Impacts on Minnesotans and Economic Stability will come to order
- significant investments in developing significant investments in developing workforce<00:15:09.839
- <00:16:07.519>
of application proposes a development of application proposes a development - :23:51.280>
developing <00:23:51.840>community health, excuse me, developing community - Not only the way people access services, but economically the people in my community.
Summary:
The Select Subcommittee first took up adoption of three previously prepared nonpartisan committee summary reports dated October 15, November 13, and November 21. Senator Rasmusson objected to the lack of advance notice about the day’s testifiers and criticized the practice of having nonpartisan staff summarize what he described as a partisan agenda. The chair responded that the committee’s purpose is to gather information, not hear bills, and that the summaries were intended as neutral resources for the Senate. Senator Coopek moved adoption, the motion was opposed by Rasmusson and another member, and the motion passed.
The committee then turned to the day’s hearing on federal impacts on Minnesota, with the chair focusing on federal funding threats and the effect of congressional budget actions on health care, especially in greater Minnesota. The first presentation came from the Minnesota Department of Health on the state’s rural health transformation work. Assistant Commissioner Carol Broom introduced the team and described the rural hospital transformation program as a major opportunity to invest in rural health, while acknowledging longstanding challenges such as demographics, transportation barriers, and the financing of care. Nitha Moibi outlined the state’s rural health chart book and data showing an aging population, workforce shortages, and many health professional shortage areas, and described proposed strategies including workforce pipelines, bridge payments for low-volume birth hospitals, telehealth access points, mental health urgent care, and chronic disease prevention.
Acting Assistant Commissioner Anna Ashby of the Minnesota Management and Budget office explained the state’s application to CMS for the Rural Health Transformation Program, which was created in federal law and awarded Minnesota just over $193 million for federal fiscal year 2026. She said the application was shaped by public comments, stakeholder meetings, and legislative outreach, and included initiatives on preventive care, workforce, care access, behavioral health, and provider financial stability. She also reviewed implementation constraints, including a January 30 revised budget deadline, limits on administrative spending, restrictions on using funds to offset Medicaid losses, and the need to show measurable progress to remain eligible for future funding. The presentation noted that most year-one funding would go to rural hospitals, with additional support for federally qualified health centers, community mental health centers, tribal partners, and technical assistance.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Children and Families Finance and Policy Committee 2/11/25
Children and Families Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- The development and implementation of this agency included significant community engagement, and as we
- This administration combines the Office of Economic Opportunity from the Department of Human Services
- This administration combines the Office of Economic Opportunity from the Department of Human Services
- and family preservation we have economic and family preservation we have economic assistance<00:
- Also, in the 2023 legislative session, there was another program developed called Grow Your Own.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Floor Session May 11th, 2026
California Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Development Bank.
- Kay Buck joined CAST in 2003, where she helped develop the first U.S. shelter for trafficked women and
- For example, in my district there is a deep alliance, racial and economic alliance, between the Black
- Those who develop aphasia do not lose their ability to think.
- And hospitals are the economic anchors.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Budget Subcommittee No. 5 on State Administration Apr 22nd, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- The Department of Employment Development or EDD will also be giving an update on paid family leave program
- For VOCAL, the VOCAL was developed in response to a federal mandate.
- All right, next we are focusing on employment development on our EDT department.
- Hi everyone, my name is Crystal Coles and I am with Housing and Community Development.
- If it is simply economically infeasible. We expect this much from state employees. Thank you.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- And SB 757 fails to account for economic downturns and the cycles of workforce demand.
- And SB 57 fails to account for economic downturns and the cycles of workforce demand.
- The Texas Education Agency is required to develop a template for a return-to-class plan that schools
- It expands on reforms made to curriculum development and approval, refining the general education and
- The advisory council was established in 2020 and is tasked with developing recommendations to address
Summary:
The committee heard and discussed several higher education and public school bills. Senator Burwell presented SB 1242 to remove an outdated Coordinating Board approval requirement for Texas State Technical College land and facility acquisitions, and SJR 59 to create a constitutionally dedicated endowment for TSTC capital needs; both drew strong support from industry and workforce groups and were left pending. SB 757, by Senator Middleton, would create a debt-to-earnings accountability system for public college programs, with supporters saying it would protect students from low-value degrees and opponents warning it could unfairly penalize programs with long-term value, especially graduate, medical, and public service fields; it was also left pending. SB 1241, by Senator Millington, would expand acceptable college entrance exams beyond the SAT and ACT, including the Classic Learning Test, and was left pending after testimony from CLT, homeschool, and student groups in support. SB 1085, by Senator Blanco, would let Sul Ross State University offer lower-division courses at its satellite campuses in the Middle Rio Grande region; it too was left pending.
The committee then took up a series of public school and higher education measures, voting several out favorably. SB 605, as substituted, limits commissioner approval of charter school expansion amendments for schools under conservatorship or a management team and was reported favorably 9-0. SB 1871 and SB 1873, both by Senator Perry, were revised to narrow teacher immunity, clarify removal and suspension procedures, require periodic review of in-school suspension placements, and align discipline rules; both substitutes were adopted and reported favorably. SB 1872, SB 1874, SB 762, SB 1962, SB 1750, SB 2252, SB 2253, SB 2365, SB 1924, and SB 37 were also considered, with most reported favorably on party-line or near-unanimous votes. SB 1750 would replace a flat charter school facilities funding cap with an attendance-based formula; SB 2252 and SB 2253 address kindergarten readiness, early literacy/numeracy, and educator preparation; SB 2365 concerns student phone use during instructional time; SB 1924 restores local citation authority for certain school offenses and adds reporting, notice, and completion requirements; and SB 37 would expand state oversight of higher education curriculum, governance, faculty senates, and compliance with state law.
Other measures heard included SB 769, which would require a Coordinating Board report on barriers faced by students with disabilities in higher education; supporters emphasized the need for better data and accessibility, while witnesses suggested broader reporting on race, disability types, and K-12-to-college transitions. SB 2231 would designate a Free College Application Week in October and was left pending. SB 1878 would modernize the Josie School statute and provide formula funding and aid eligibility for Polytechnic College. SB 1409 would authorize universities to offer self-funded student health benefit plans, with Rice University and Texas 2036 supporting the measure as a way to lower costs and expand coverage. SB 2431 would require universities to give foreign language credit for study abroad programs, SB 2314 would require schools to inform students about opting in or out of record sharing for direct admissions through My Texas Future, and SB 2138 would extend the state’s anti-ESG contracting restrictions to public higher education endowments and governing boards; these later bills were introduced and left pending.
HI
Hawaii 2025 Regular Session
JHA Public Hearing - Tue Feb 11, 2025 @ 2:00 PM HST
Judiciary & Hawaiian Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- recreational use could suffer economic recreational use could suffer economic consequences<00:25
- uh electricity develop geothermal uh electricity development<00:40:08.240>
on <00:40:08.480> seed Center for Law and economic seed Center for Law and economic Justice<01:40:14.360>- Development Development Corporation<01:36:20.199>
afternoon <01:36:20.520>chair <01:36:not - Development Development Corporation<01:36:20.199>
- <02:21:20.040>
capacity act to develop capacity act to develop capacity and<02:21:22.439><
Summary:
The committee heard three House bills related to the Department of Hawaiian Homelands. HB 606 would extend the Act 279 special fund to June 30, 2028, continue deposits and appropriations to help eliminate the DHHL waitlist, and require a strategic plan and annual reporting. DHHL strongly supported the measure, saying most of the initial $600 million had been used and that the need remains large, with more than 29,000 people on the waitlist. Public testimony also supported the bill, emphasizing its importance to Native Hawaiian families and concerns about Hawaiians leaving the islands because of housing costs. A member noted the bill is a priority and that the committee will keep working on how to fund another $600 million.
HB 1086 would exempt DHHL homestead lot and housing development from general excise and use taxes. DHHL supported the bill, saying any tax savings would reduce the eventual cost of housing for low-income beneficiaries. The Department of Taxation said it could administer the measure and noted it is already being implemented under the governor’s emergency proclamation, with a proposed effective date of January 1, 2026. The Tax Foundation of Hawaii offered technical comments and urged the committee to weigh existing benefits already received by DHHL beneficiaries.
HB 1307 would appropriate funds for DHHL water well development and geothermal exploration on Hawaiian homelands. DHHL said the bill is a follow-up to prior study funding and would support slim-hole drilling, site evaluation, and consultant work to identify viable geothermal resources, especially on Hawaiʻi Island. Several testifiers opposed the bill, arguing there had been inadequate beneficiary consultation, raising environmental, cultural, and safety concerns, and objecting to using $20 million for geothermal rather than housing. In response to committee questions, DHHL staff explained that the goal is to gather information for a future public-private partnership to develop geothermal electricity, and that a Chapter 343 environmental review would be required later in the process. No votes were taken during the portion of the meeting provided.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Floor Session 3/17/25 - Part 2
Minnesota House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- It was carefully developed through a long Bar Association process that included careful study of recent
- the needs of motans if economic the needs of motans if economic conditions<02:09:59.199>
worsen - Development Finance and Policy.
- Development Finance and Policy.
- <02:19:10.200>
development Workforce labor and economic development Workforce labor and economic
MO
Missouri 2026 Regular Session
Higher Education and Workforce Development May 5th, 2026
Higher Education and Workforce Development
Transcript Highlights:
- The Committee on Higher Education and Workforce Development will come to order.
- It's no secret that workforce development is a top priority for our organization.
- So on February 19th of this year, I testified before the Senate Economic and Workforce Development Committee
- and under the Department of Higher Education and Workforce Development rather than Economic Development
- That does conclude the executive session on Higher Education and Workforce Development Committee.
FL
Florida 2026 Regular Session
Environment and Natural Resources Dec 2nd, 2025
Environment and Natural Resources
Transcript Highlights:
- I know we do have provisions that if there's an economic impact over $10 million, the rules do have to
- When we look at the workforce development capitalization incentive grant program to implement workforce
- This provides an economic benefit of more than $144 million annually from the 59 lead area WMAs.
- primarily in rural areas of the state and because many are located in designated rural areas of economic
- While some of the economic benefits of the WMA system can be calculated through spending in adjacent
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Environment and Natural Resources convened with a quorum present and took up SB 302 by Senator Garcia, which would promote nature-based solutions for coastal resilience. Garcia said the bill would direct DEP to adopt statewide guidelines, encourage local restoration projects through existing grant programs, streamline permitting for green and hybrid infrastructure, support workforce training, and require a study on flood-risk and insurance benefits. Senator Harrell asked about implementation, existing statutory authority, and possible fiscal impacts. The committee adopted an amendment clarifying that hybrid infrastructure need only combine green and gray elements, not prove superiority over either alone.
The committee heard supportive testimony on SB 302 from Katie Bauman of Surfrider Foundation, who said nature-based approaches such as dunes, wetlands, and mangroves are cost-effective and protective, and several organizations waived in support, including the Environmental Defense Fund of Florida, the Florida Shore and Beach Preservation Association, and 1,000 Friends of Florida. Senator Harrell said she supported the concept but remained concerned about the breadth of rulemaking and the fiscal implications of workforce funding. After closing remarks from Garcia, the committee voted to report CS for SB 302 favorably.
The remainder of the meeting consisted of informational presentations on land management. Brian Bradner of DEP reviewed Florida State Parks management, including prescribed fire, invasive species removal, hydrologic restoration, cultural resource preservation, visitor use, and budgeted land-management activities. Melissa Tucker of the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission described wildlife management areas, emphasizing habitat restoration, wildlife monitoring, ranch infrastructure, public access, and the economic value of the system. Rick Dolan of the Florida Forest Service outlined state forest management funded through a $20 million appropriation, including road and facility work, recreation upgrades, invasive species control, reforestation, habitat restoration, prescribed burning, and boundary marking. Senators praised the agencies’ work and noted the ongoing cost of managing state lands. The committee then adjourned without further action.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Governmental Organization Committee Jun 24th, 2026
Governmental Organization
Transcript Highlights:
- business, and we face the same challenges that other businesses do, including increasing costs, economic
- is an independent bipartisan oversight agency, charged with investigating state operations and developing
- This is just a simple bill that will help boost economic activity in much-needed areas and bring tax
- And in our situation, Hawaiian Gardens Casino is in an economically depressed area.
- But we believe there are some opportunities to develop a broader and more permanent solution to address
NH
New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session
House Commerce and Consumer Affairs (02/19/2025)
Transcript Highlights:
- silver um basically because our econom silver um basically because our econom is<00:58:15.240>
<01:25:24.480>Freedom fundamental tenets of economic Freedom fundamental tenets of economic - working through a difficult economic working through a difficult economic time<01:58:35.560>
- <03:59:05.120>
a period And if these enrollers develop a period And if these enrollers develop - <04:05:43.239>
major underinsured when they develop major underinsured when they develop major
Summary:
The committee first heard testimony on House Bill 437, which would change New Hampshire law on undischarged mortgages by creating a shorter period after which certain old mortgages would be treated as unenforceable. Prime sponsor Representative Bill Boyd said the bill was developed with input from bankers, lawyers, realtors, the Attorney General’s office, and the Banking Department, and he noted a drafting correction needed on line 18. He explained that the proposal would replace current law with a new framework modeled partly on Massachusetts, including a five-year expiration after a stated maturity date and a 35-year period for mortgages without an expiration date. Supporters said the bill would help clear obsolete title defects, reduce costly quiet-title litigation, and make real estate transactions easier for consumers, attorneys, and conveyancers.
Representative Mary Hakken-Phillips, Susan Cole of the New Hampshire Association of Realtors, and Michelle Coffin all testified in support, describing the bill as a consumer protection measure. They said undischarged or improperly discharged mortgages often surface during title searches, causing delays, legal expenses, and failed or delayed closings. Coffin and Hakken-Phillips emphasized that many of these cases involve old, effectively obsolete mortgages and that the current process often requires expensive court action even when no one contests the title. Cole described a recent transaction in which a title defect caused a buyer to walk away and later restart the financing process, creating costs for both buyer and seller. A committee member asked about notice to mortgage holders; the response was that the lender bears responsibility for recording and extending the mortgage, and that due process rights would remain if a lender later contested the discharge.
Ryan Hill of the New Hampshire Bankers Association said the banking industry had reviewed the bill and was generally comfortable with it, while requesting a delayed effective date so members would have time to adjust their recording practices. He said the bill’s January 1, 2028 effective date reflected that request. After closing the hearing on HB 437, the committee opened a hearing on House Bill 721, the Gold and Silver Legal Tender Act. Representative Juliet Harvey-Bolia introduced it as a bipartisan economic justice bill intended to recognize gold and silver as legal tender, protect against inflation, and address concerns about trust, taxes, and government taking. She argued that gold is a stable store of value and discussed tax treatment in neighboring states, federal history, and digital gold platforms. The hearing on HB 721 was still in progress when the transcript ended, with the chair limiting questions because of time.
MO
Missouri 2026 Regular Session
2026 Legislative Session - Day Sixty Five - Thursday, May 7
Missouri House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- development of the country of Venezuela.
- In January 2024, however, the Department of Economic Development and the Division of Tourism were notified
- That can work with them to develop their skills so that they can become self-sufficient.
- He's our intern, Hayden Close, who is majoring in economic studies and public affairs.
- He is... who is majoring in economic studies and public affairs.
Summary:
The House convened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, approved the House Journal for the 64th day by a 125-0 roll call vote, and then spent much of the morning on personal privileges and introductions of guests, interns, students, and special recognitions. Members welcomed school groups, interns, a Savannah Bananas guest, and several family members, and also noted birthdays and Mother’s Day greetings.
On legislation, the chamber first agreed to go to conference on Senate Substitute for Senate Bill 1421, appointing a House conference committee. The House then took up Senate Bill 1000, which reauthorizes the Missouri Tourism Supplemental Revenue Fund and updates outdated tourism funding language; members from both parties spoke in support of tourism as an economic driver, and the bill passed 136-6. The House also considered House Committee Substitute for Senate Bill 1020, an omnibus Department of Revenue bill addressing fee office contracting, vehicle registration and related penalties, Real ID document retention, five-year license plates, and emissions-related provisions. Members adopted amendments reducing late-registration penalties, making document retention opt-in, restoring a five-year plate option, and removing cosmetic damage as a basis for rejecting rebuilt vehicles; despite debate over emissions testing and air quality, the bill passed 130-10.
The chamber then moved to House Committee Substitute for Senate Bills 835 and 1111, a combined judiciary/civil legislation package. Members described it as a vehicle for several vetted measures, including anti-assignment-of-benefits language for insurance claims, the Uniform Public Expression Protection Act, and court administration changes such as workers’ compensation procedures, judgeships, automation fees, law library surcharges, and expungement fund provisions. Amendments were offered and adopted to adjust attorney-fee language in the anti-SLAPP provisions and to add a St. Louis police legal-expense-fund provision, though the latter drew objections over procedure and whether it had received a hearing. The transcript cuts off while debate on that amendment is still underway, and no final vote on the bill is shown.
FL
Transcript Highlights:
- The proposal was developed in coordination with FDLE and local law enforcement agencies, which have indicated
- After graduating from Seminole High School with honors, I went on to study neoliberal economics at the
- I understand deeply the financial and economic incentives and paradigms which have dominated business
- Do not continue to leave us hanging in the precarity of temp work, and let us develop our skills to sell
- Florida's economy continues to grow; tourism, logistics, construction, and large-scale development have
Keywords:
traffic safety, school zones, speed detection systems, license plate recognition, yellow signal timing, data privacy, municipal powers, labor pool, employment, temporary work, placement fee, Department of Commerce, limited liability companies, corporations, principal office, registered agent, Florida Statutes, charitable giving, endowment agreements, donor restrictions
Summary:
The Committee on Commerce and Tourism considered several bills. SB 1338 by Senator Burton would strengthen enforcement of written endowment agreements for charitable gifts and require legislative approval for new filing or reporting requirements on charities. The sponsor and Philanthropy Roundtable testified in support, emphasizing donor intent and protections for nonprofits; the bill was reported favorably. SB 1324, which was expected to address principal offices of LLCs, was temporarily postponed.
The committee also passed CS/SB 1080 by Senator DeSigley, which directs FDOT to adopt rules allowing direct payments to first-tier subcontractors in specified circumstances. A transportation industry representative supported the measure, saying the situations are rare but need a statutory remedy. CS/SB 1582 by Senator Yarbrough, as amended, requires secondhand dealers, secondary metal recyclers, and pawnbrokers to submit transaction data to FDLE for statewide sharing through systems such as LInX; the amendment and bill were both reported favorably, with one witness from the Florida Recycler’s Association opposing the amendment.
Senator McLean’s SB 1672, creating a home buyer workforce tax credit for employer contributions to help employees with first-time Florida home purchases, was reported favorably with support from the Florida Chamber of Commerce. SB 1112 by Senator Garcia, relating to the Florida Labor Pool Act, drew extensive testimony from workers, reentry advocates, and supporters who argued it would prohibit placement fees when workers are hired permanently, require annual registration of labor pools, improve accountability, and support stable employment and reentry; the bill was reported favorably. The committee then adjourned after recording votes and other closing business.
FL
Florida 2025 Regular Session
Appropriations Committee on Higher Education Mar 26th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- We strengthened our community and ultimately we fuel Florida's economic growth.
- Another 100 million dollars for workforce development.
- And this will include the development and implementation of various programs and incentives to improve
- We want to develop that allocation funding formula with our universities.
- I live in Tampa, Florida, in the real estate development business all over the Southeast.
NM
New Mexico 2025 Regular Session
IC - Legislative Finance Aug 21st, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- The economic impact of.
- Making us a highly effective investment for economic support and development.
- CAAs are essential to New Mexico as they provide programs, support economic development, and advocate
- On how they can improve menu development.
- Outlay development and reserve fund.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Floor Session Jun 11th, 2026
California House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- The economic benefits will be real: increased tourism, local commerce, and global attention on our cities
- The economic benefits will be real, increased tourism, local commerce, and global attention on our cities
- The Super Bowl alone generated $720 million in economic activity, and each World Cup game is projected
- great for our country, this is an honor for Silicon Valley to host many of these games, but the economic
- It’s the smallest province by land mass but the largest by economic output.
Summary:
The Assembly convened after a quorum call, offered prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, and then handled a series of procedural motions, including re-referrals of several bills and permission for committee notice changes. Members also made guest introductions, including anesthesia residents, family members, and a legislative intern. The body then took up House Resolution 118 by Assembly Member Garcia, welcoming the 2026 FIFA World Cup to California and highlighting the state’s host cities, economic benefits, and international goodwill. Several members spoke in support, emphasizing local hosting roles, cultural connections, and anticipated tourism and revenue. The resolution received 64 co-authors and was adopted by voice vote.
On the daily file, the Assembly passed and retained or continued a number of items, then considered Assembly Concurrent Resolution 193 by Majority Leader Aguiar-Curry proclaiming 2026 the International Year of the Woman Farmer. Supporters described the role of women in California agriculture and the barriers they face; the resolution received 69 co-authors and was adopted. The Assembly also adopted Assembly Concurrent Resolution 210 by Assembly Member Jackson, establishing a sister-state relationship with Gauteng province in South Africa, with members speaking to economic, educational, and cultural ties; it received 65 co-authors and was adopted by voice vote.
The second-day consent calendar was then taken up. House Resolution 113 by Assembly Member Jeff Gonzalez, on focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, was added to by 68 co-authors and the consent calendar passed 73-0. The remaining consent items were listed, and the Assembly proceeded to adjournment in memory statements for Norman L. Ford, Jr. and James McCain, Sr., followed by a moment of silence for each. The desk was ordered to remain open for budget-related business, and the House adjourned until Monday, June 15, upon the call of the Speaker.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Floor Session Jun 11th, 2026
California House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- The economic benefits will be real: increased tourism, local commerce, and global attention on our cities
- The Super Bowl alone generated $720 million in economic activity, and each World Cup game is projected
- great for our country, this is an honor for Silicon Valley to host many of these games, but the economic
- It's the smallest province by land mass but the largest by economic output.
- . exports, a formal sister-state relationship with Gauteng will deepen and institutionalize that economic