Transcript Highlights:

• the implementation of navigated the implementation of transformational<00:34:02.240> policies
• Uh, the budget, as always, takes precedence.
• Uh, the budget, as always, takes precedence.
• Clerk will read the message. uh we have the budget first, which we're uh we have the budget first, which
• and Caring for Elderly Parents, Budget and Caring for Elderly Parents, Budget Taxation.<00:53:55.359

Keywords: Senate streaming session for Wednesday, January 14, 2026, 960, senate, all

Summary: The Maryland Senate convened for the opening day of the 449th legislative session, with an invocation delivered by Reverend Amen Flowers and the prayer journalized without objection. The clerk then called the roll, establishing a quorum with 46 senators present and the Senate ready to conduct business. The first order of business was the election of a temporary presiding officer, followed by the election of the permanent presiding officer. Senator Ben Brooks nominated Senator Malcolm Augustine to serve as President Pro Tem, and Senator Karen Lewis Young seconded the nomination, both praising his policy knowledge, collaborative style, and ability to work across differences. The Senate then voted and elected Augustine as President Pro Tem, after which he was escorted to the rostrum and sworn in. Augustine thanked colleagues, his family, and the chamber, and said he looked forward to working through a challenging session together on behalf of Marylanders. The Senate next nominated and elected Senator William C. Ferguson IV as President of the Senate. Senator Charles Sydnor nominated him, and Senator Cory McCray seconded, describing Ferguson as an honest broker, steady leader, and compassionate presiding officer. Ferguson was elected with 46 affirmative votes, took the oath of office, and delivered extended remarks about the importance of federalism, the role of states in filling gaps left by the federal government, and the need for Maryland to lead through state-level action during a difficult political climate. He also thanked colleagues, staff, and his family, and emphasized that the session would require collaboration and focus on Marylanders' needs.

Transcript Highlights:

• We've implemented a change to ensure that the curriculum training can continue this summer, mainly because
• An incredible amount of requests from districts on the demand side to implement this curriculum.
• Budget deficits and the closing of schools, and so I plan to look.
• I know that that's in part because of how we've designed the budget in the past, you know, the House.

Keywords: 1185, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Look at your budget.
• as this state next to us that cut 1% of their budget?
• They gutted 1% of their budget.
• But how do we get there when we slash two-thirds of our budget, whereas they cut 1% of their budget?
• We are not proposing to cut our budgets by two-thirds.

Keywords: 959, house, all

Summary: The House first approved the journal for the 54th day by roll call vote, 117-5, after a prayer, pledge, and a long series of introductions of guests and school groups. The chamber then took up a motion from the Clay County member to reconsider perfection and adoption of House Committee Substitute for House Bills 3283 and 3306, which was described as a precautionary step to send the bill back for legislative review because of possible conflict with current case law involving arbitration and court jurisdiction. Members supporting the motion said the bill protects first responders and should be tightened up before returning to the floor. The reconsideration motions and the motion to commit the substitute to the Committee on Legislative Review all passed, each by roughly 98-43 or 99-43 votes. The House then considered House Committee Substitute for Senate Bill 982, a sex offender registry bill. The sponsor said it would streamline Missouri’s registry by moving to a clearer tier-based system, standardizing who must register, reducing litigation exposure, and aligning state law more closely with federal SORNA requirements. The bill also included language allowing the Department of Mental Health to contract with the Department of Corrections for housing sexually violent predators, plus other technical provisions. After a small technical amendment correcting a typo, members asked about whether the bill would allow offenders to petition off the registry; the sponsor said it would make removal easier for those who meet the tier requirements. The House adopted the substitute 141-4 and then third-read and passed the bill 141-4. The main floor debate centered on House Joint Resolutions 173 and 174, which would place before voters a constitutional change aimed at eliminating the state income tax over time and potentially broadening sales and use taxes to replace lost revenue. Supporters argued the proposal would shift Missouri from taxing income to taxing consumption, improve economic development, help attract businesses and workers, and give taxpayers more control over how they are taxed. They repeatedly described the measure as revenue-neutral and emphasized guardrails such as requiring any sales-tax expansion to be tied to income-tax reduction, done in the same legislation, and limited to a five-year window. Opponents argued the plan would raise taxes on most Missourians, especially lower- and middle-income families and seniors on fixed incomes, and would shift costs onto everyday goods and services, health care, and local governments. They also warned it could weaken funding for schools, hospitals, and other public services and noted that many witnesses and constituents opposed the measure. No final vote on the joint resolution was shown in the transcript excerpt.

Transcript Highlights:

• Look at your budget.
• as this state next to us that cut 1% of their budget.
• They gutted 1% of their budget.
• But how do we get there when we slash two-thirds of our budget, whereas they cut 1% of their budget?
• We are not proposing to cut our budgets by two-thirds.

Summary: The House began with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, approval of the prior day’s journal by roll call vote (117-5), and a long series of guest introductions, including school groups, YouthBuild students, sorority members, interns, and former legislators. The chamber then moved to third reading business and took up House Committee Substitute for House Bills 3283 and 3306. The sponsor explained the bill needed to be sent back for legislative review because of possible conflict with current case law involving arbitration and municipal authority. The House agreed to reconsider and then committed the substitute to the Committee on Legislative Review by recorded votes of 99-43 and 98-43, respectively. The House next considered House Committee Substitute for Senate Bill 982, which revises Missouri’s sex offender registry system. The sponsor said the bill responds to concerns raised after the 2018 registry overhaul and litigation, and would move Missouri from a hybrid system to a clearer tier-based structure, standardize registration requirements, address out-of-state offenders, and include related provisions on civil commitment housing, name changes, and carnival employees. Members asked whether the bill would allow offenders to petition off the registry; the sponsor said it would streamline removal for those who meet tier requirements and align the state system more closely with federal SORNA standards. The House adopted the committee substitute and passed the bill 141-4. The chamber then debated House Joint Resolutions 173 and 174, which would send to voters a constitutional change aimed at eliminating the state income tax over time and shifting Missouri toward a broader consumption-tax model. Supporters argued the proposal would improve economic competitiveness, attract businesses and residents, give taxpayers more control, and reduce reliance on income taxes that they described as burdensome to working families. Opponents argued it would shift costs onto lower- and middle-income Missourians, seniors, and people on fixed incomes, and warned it could raise sales taxes and reduce funding for schools, health care, and other services. No final vote on the resolution was taken in the portion provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• change the process that we implement change the process that we implement now?
• in the budget. in the budget. Chair<00:53:06.240> Anderson.
• They're both budget bills.
• These are budget bills.
• They're both budget Representative.

Bills: HF2784, HF2785, HF2778, HF2281, HF2576, HF2280, HF2579

Keywords: beginning farmers, agriculture, loans, economic opportunity, farmers' equity, agriculture appropriations, farm to school, early care, child care food program, school lunch program, local food, Minnesota agriculture, food access, farm-to-institution, limited market access, county fairs, biofuels, E25, ethanol, meat processing

Transcript Highlights:

• Is it realistic to think that they could begin the process of implementing the eight compacts, or do
• We have to adopt rules to implement this.
• Their annual budget is $55 million a year.
• This is a huge organization with an enormous budget. Budget and enormous expenditures.
• Chair, the law says that it's 30 days, and that was implemented in November 2024.

Bills: SB1, SB3

Keywords: interstate medical licensure compact, physician licensure, medical license reciprocity, expedited licensure, medical practice act, New Mexico medical board, compact commission, physician mobility, telemedicine, license portability, background check, disciplinary action, joint investigation, reproductive health care, gender-affirming care, scope of practice, medical board transparency, multistate compact, licensure renewal, health care workforce

Transcript Highlights:

• > policies<00:20:58.480> to Turkey has uh implemented policies to Turkey has uh implemented
• The bill district budget committees.
• <01:41:17.840> committee representative on the budget committee representative on the budget
• > logistics,<01:46:08.320> particularly implementation logistics, particularly implementation
• It does ability to plan their budgets.

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• For informational purposes, we have included the conference starting point for the budget spreadsheet
• , projects, proviso, back of the bill, implementing bill, and conforming bill on the Appropriations Conference
• Members, the gray rows on the budget spreadsheet represent where we already agree on funding issues.
• good-faith effort to move closer to the House position as we work toward resolving and closing out several budget
• committee over the next few days to build on the progress made and finalize a balanced and responsible budget

Summary: The Appropriations Conference Committee on Transportation, Tourism, and Economic Development/Transportation and Economic Development convened, organized itself by electing Senator DiCeglie as chair and Representative Schofield as vice chair, and noted that Representative Schofield was excused from the meeting. Members were directed to conference materials on the meeting webpage, including the budget spreadsheet, projects, proviso, back of the bill, implementing bill, and conforming bill, which show each chamber’s starting positions. The Senate presented an initial offer to the House. The chair explained that gray rows on the budget spreadsheet indicated items already agreed to, while black-highlighted rows reflected the Senate offer. A separate offer was also presented for general revenue local funding initiatives, with black-highlighted rows marking the Senate position. The committee noted that road projects were not being negotiated at this time and would be addressed later. Representative Snyder responded that the House would review the offer and continue working under Chair Schofield’s leadership to resolve budget issues and move toward a balanced, responsible budget. No public comment was offered. The meeting was then adjourned, and members were told to watch for the next meeting notice, with the committee now on one-hour notice.

Transcript Highlights:

• So, that was related to implemented.
• Now I get it. 2027.” implementation side, so implementation side, so moving<01:18:32.800> the<
• uh the challenges around implementing uh the challenges around implementing it,<01:35:03.760>
• that it was in the budget last year? that it was in the budget last year?
• Put it in the budget? Well, that's it.

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• There's a lot that can be implemented.
• And what it shows is that our percent of our budget is funding going down.
• <01:19:06.000> is% >> budget is% >> budget is% >> funding<01:19:06.960> going
• impacted with implementation. impacted with implementation.
• So, how do you see implementation of this taking shape?

Keywords: 910, house, all

Summary: The joint Education and Higher Education committees met on February 10, 2026, first hearing HB 1676, which would create an AI and education task force, require documentation from AI vendors before procurement or use, and appropriate funds. The Department of Education, Public Charter School Commission, and University of Hawaii all supported the bill’s intent and described existing AI literacy efforts, teacher training, guidance for students and staff, and privacy/monitoring safeguards. DOE said it had already convened an AI task force, produced a report, trained over 10,000 educators, and embedded AI into computer science and broader curricular guidance. Members questioned DOE about student privacy, harmful content monitoring, personal devices, cell phone policy, teacher training, and whether AI literacy should extend beyond computer science into all subjects and across rural schools. After discussion, the chair announced HB 1676 would be deferred to Friday, February 13, and that a HD1 draft would be prepared. The chair said the committee would revisit the task force composition and procurement standards, with possible elimination of the procurement section, and circulate the revised draft before the next hearing. The committee then recessed and later reconvened for HB 1811, a student loan repayment program for educators. Testimony from the Department of Education, Public Charter School Commission, University of Hawaii, Hawaii Teacher Standards Board, HSTA, and the Democratic Party of Hawaii Education Caucus was generally supportive, with HSTA and the Teacher Standards Board emphasizing teacher recruitment and retention, student loan burden, and the need to address the teacher shortage. In decision-making on HB 1811, the committees adopted the chair’s recommendation to pass the bill with amendments. The main amendment collapsed the repayment structure into a single disbursement of up to $25,000 after five years of service, with technical/non-substantive changes and a corrected effective date. Both the Education and Higher Education committees voted unanimously in favor. Later in the meeting, the Education Committee began hearing HB 1561 on student meals, which drew broad support from the Public Charter School Commission, Department of Health, HSTA, Hawaii Appleseed, Hawaii Children’s Action Network, and many individuals. Appleseed requested amendments to ensure charter schools are treated the same as other public schools if eligibility expands and to address reimbursement issues for schools already participating in the federal Community Eligibility Provision; members discussed those concerns but no action was taken in the portion of the transcript provided. The committee then moved on to HB 779, on expanding student meal coverage, where DOE supported the intent but said it could not support the bill in its current form because of fiscal constraints.

Transcript Highlights:

• to any association whose board adopts a budget that omits the required budget summary.
• Recently, the statute was amended to require a budget summary that has to go along with the budget that
• Uh, two, a Black Ops budget so we can take down the enemies and prosecute them.
• Uh, two, a Black Ops budget so we can take down the enemies and prosecute them.
• Uh, two, a Black Ops budget so we can take down the enemies and prosecute them.

Keywords: 910, house, all

Summary: The committee first heard House Bill 302, which would repeal the requirement that a provider-patient relationship for medical cannabis certification be established in person first. The Department of Health said it supported the House Draft 2 version as a way to expand patient access, and several testifiers from the medical cannabis community and dispensary industry supported the bill, especially for patients on outer islands or those unable to travel. One witness asked that earlier language removed in committee be restored to further improve access. Representative Shimizu asked whether follow-up in-person visits would still occur, and DOH responded that this varies by provider, with some continuing in-person care and others moving to telehealth for chronic conditions. The committee then took up House Bill 712, relating to the federal 340B drug pricing program and contract pharmacies. The Office of Consumer Protection and the Attorney General’s office both said they supported the bill’s purpose but wanted it clarified and possibly moved into a standalone chapter rather than chapter 481B. Supporters, including Hawaii Pacific Health and the Queen’s Health Systems, said the bill is needed to protect safety-net funding and access to discounted drugs, citing large financial benefits from 340B and losses caused by manufacturer restrictions on contract pharmacies. PhRMA opposed the bill, arguing the issue is not access to discounts but accountability and transparency in how contract pharmacies distribute benefits, and said it was willing to discuss amendments. Members asked follow-up questions about whether there was data showing misuse; PhRMA said it did not have numbers, while hospital witnesses said the program is federally audited and used appropriately in Hawaii. Finally, the committee heard House Bill 1482, HD1, which would tighten hemp and controlled-substance definitions to exclude Schedule I cannabinoids from manufactured hemp products and clarify the treatment of artificially derived cannabis. The Department of Health supported the measure, saying it adds clarity to existing prohibitions. Kūre Hawaii and other supporters said it would close loopholes involving Delta-8 and similar products. An individual testifier urged stronger language to also cover compounds such as HHC, THCA, THCP, and THCO. In response to questions about enforcement against mislabeled hemp products, DOH explained that THC percentages are relative to product weight, that some products can remain under the hemp threshold while still containing significant THC, and that hemp flower is already prohibited from direct retail sale, though enforcement can be complicated and involves both administrative and criminal authorities.

Transcript Highlights:

• in December, and develop legislation, which we also did in December and this month, necessary to implement
• monitored and secured directly through DHS, with reporting requirements for the OMB to come to the budget
• It says a budget narrative, assuming each state will have a $200 million annual budget.
• branch initiative, and the legislatures were not involved in any of the grant application or its implementation
• So we'll be measuring the outcomes or the inputs to see that they're successfully implemented.

Keywords: 908, all

Summary: Legislative Management met with a quorum, approved the July 11, 2025 minutes, and then considered recommendations from the Legislative Procedures and Arrangements Committee. Beth Dittes explained proposed special session rule changes, which largely mirror prior special session rules and are intended to speed floor action. The changes would allow faster second readings and transmission between chambers, replace regular standing committees with two joint committees for the special session—Joint Appropriations and Joint Policy—and limit bill introduction methods. The package also included delayed-effective-date changes for the next regular session, such as moving the agency and Supreme Court prefile deadline earlier and advancing several resolution deadlines. Liz Fordall then reviewed revisions to the legislative workplace harassment policy, including clarified definitions, longer intake and review deadlines, an option for informal resolution before a review panel, and clearer disclosure rules. The committee adopted the report and forwarded the rules and policy changes. The committee also approved tentative first-day special session agendas for both chambers, with a Speaker-requested revision to allow time to swear in new House members. Megan Gordon outlined the schedule: early Rules Committee meetings, morning floor sessions, a joint session for the governor’s State of the State, then meetings of the joint appropriations and policy committees, with optional later floor and committee time. Members discussed how the joint committees would handle bills and confirmed the process would mirror the prior special session. The agendas were adopted. Chairman Bekkedahl then reported for the Rural Health Transformation Committee, which had completed its work and recommended five bill drafts for the special session: a Presidential Physical Fitness Test requirement for schools, a nutrition component for physician continuing education, joining a physician assistant licensure compact, expanding pharmacist scope for lab testing and prescribing, and a two-year appropriations bill to cover the program through the next regular session. He explained the federal rural health transformation grant, the state’s application, funding restrictions, and the need to keep the bills aligned with CMS requirements to avoid funding reductions or clawbacks. DHS officials said the department would measure outcomes through required metrics, use templates for awards, and set up an Office of Health Transformation to track long-term impacts. The committee adopted the rural health report and forwarded the bills. Finally, members discussed special-session logistics. Legislative staff said employment committees would approve a limited number of staff, Legislative Management would serve as the delayed-bills committee, and a letter would be sent to legislators explaining the process and a suggested Friday noon drafting deadline for bills to be considered at the January 20 meeting. The committee also discussed how many bills might be introduced and how to assign the rural health bills to the House or Senate for origin. No formal vote was taken on those logistics, and the meeting adjourned with plans to reconvene on January 20.

Transcript Highlights:

• policy, the information that I'm receiving right now is that we're looking at putting together a budget
• That's one of the reasons they have the extension on the implementation date.
• And I should say we found that the reason why it's part of the governor's budget to turn back this is
• So that's what I'm referencing; it's It's not in the budget. It's not in the budget.
• is one of the things as we're looking at putting together a budget.

Transcript Highlights:

• Implement that. Awesome. All right. Thank you. Thank you for being here today.
• But it sounds like if we're implementing the electronic system, it should be pretty well settled.
• And when did you say that would be implemented? We are working on that currently.
• So as soon as that contract is finalized, we plan on implementing that.
• I know that from the budget standpoint, but between agencies.

Summary: The committee first approved the minutes and then heard audit reports from Tom Bullington. For the Department of Public Safety FY24 audit, two findings were presented: a duplicate vendor payment of nearly $3,700 that was later recouped, and a $2.5 million collateral deficiency tied to bank deposits that exceeded FDIC coverage because securities were not properly pledged to the State Police. Agency representatives from Arkansas State Police and the Department of Public Safety answered questions, and members discussed how the collateral requirement works before the report was filed without objection. The committee then reviewed the Department of Transformation and Shared Services FY24 audit, which contained five findings. These included an $800 career service overpayment caused by incorrect rehire data, delayed deactivation and inaccurate listing of fixed assets including stolen cameras, a double count of more than $940,000 in year-end cash records, $10.3 million in health claims that should have been recorded as fiscal year 2024 payables, and repeated deficiencies in vehicle mileage logs. Agency officials said the stolen cameras were recovered through restitution, and they described corrective steps for asset tracking, cash reporting, and vehicle logs. Members asked detailed questions about the vehicle log issues and the planned statewide GPS/telematics rollout. Shared Administrative Services said it is negotiating a vendor contract, expects to implement the system first in its own department, and aims to use GPS, geofencing, alerts, and WEX fuel-card data to improve oversight while preserving privacy. The committee also discussed possible future vehicle sharing across agencies, but no action was taken beyond filing the report. The meeting adjourned after announcing the next meeting date.

Transcript Highlights:

• Musk has been charged by the President of the United States to cut $2 trillion from the budget, and Mr
• Social Security, Medicare, and defense make up more than 70% of the budget.
• difficult and so we have implementation difficult and so we have the<02:49:11.760> chance<02:
• Without objection, the motion to reconsider is laid on the table. implementation of research security
• <07:16:51.680> signed Office of Management and budget signed Office of Management and budget

Keywords: U.S. House of Representatives Floor Proceedings on Monday, March 24, 2025, 1012, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• With that, Senate File 90 is laid over for possible inclusion. if you saw the the the the budget but
• So each project has its own budget, and each project is defined in its own right.
• <01:48:41.599> of local governments for implementation of local governments for implementation
• Is it part of their budget, or will it require a separate appropriation? Thank you, Mr. Chair.
• It is not a line item within DNR's budget for this program.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• She said every committee has a budget, and the Education Policy Committee has a budget that could take
• . committee has a budget the this the committee has a budget the this the education<00:11:51.200>
• <00:13:21.000> does pay for mileage and what budget does pay for mileage and what budget does
• realize that you don't have the budget realize that you don't have the budget to<00:31:25.559>
• involved in shaping and implementing involved in shaping and implementing this<00:41:24.359>

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• It’s, you know, creating the framework for implementation of this law.
• It’s, you know, creating the framework for implementation of this law.
• The program cannot be implemented. So anyway, thank you, Mr.
• The Cannot be implemented. So anyway, thank you, Mr. Chair. Thank you.
• We just need a path that is realistic and implementable. Thank you for your time.

Bills: HF4807

Keywords: overweight vehicles, aggregate mining, local ordinance restrictions, legislative audit, transportation, resource inventory

Transcript Highlights:

• There are obviously budget implications of this.
• I expect the uh, the house budget subcommittees to look at that and work on it.
• There are obviously budget change.
• There are obviously budget implications<00:05:23.919> of<00:05:24.160> this.
• budget subcommittees to look at<00:05:28.320> that<00:05:28.560> and<00:05:28.800>

Keywords: Meeting start 00:00 Attendance Roll Call 00:56 Approval of Minutes 02:26 Discussion of the Kentucky Communications Network Authority and Related Legislative 02:43 Presentation of Geoengineering and Related Legislation 07:42, 958, all

Summary: The meeting began with a quorum call and approval of the prior meeting’s minutes. Senator Williams then presented a discussion draft involving KCNA and COOT/Kentucky Wired governance changes. He said the proposal would make the COOT executive director the KCNA director, place the education CIO as chair of a new board of constitutional officers, terminate existing KCNA employees at inception, and return KCNA funds to the general fund. He described the measure as a temporary holding pattern focused on customer connectivity until an audit is completed next summer. Senator West asked whether the bill would change existing Kentucky Wired contracts, and Williams said the contracts would remain in place and COOT would simply handle the work without an extra layer of bureaucracy. No vote was taken; the item was for discussion only. The committee then heard a presentation on geoengineering and related legislation from Rep. John Hodgson, Sen. Rollins, and retired meteorologist Randy Baker. They described geoengineering as attempts to alter climate or weather, including solar radiation modification, stratospheric aerosol injection, marine cloud brightening, and cloud seeding. The presenters distinguished these activities from ordinary jet contrails, crop dusting, ground-level emissions, and airport fog control, and said the proposed Kentucky bill would exclude those ordinary activities. They argued Kentucky lacks a current prohibition on weather modification, said the bill would protect farmland, crops, animal agriculture, aquaculture, and human health, and cited public concern, federal uncertainty, and similar legislation in other states. They also said cloud seeding is used in some western states but remains scientifically unproven and potentially harmful. Members asked about enforcement, federal preemption, and whether other states’ actions could affect Kentucky. The presenters said high-altitude spraying would be difficult to hide, that satellite imagery could detect large releases, and that the bill was intended as an assertion of state sovereignty even if federal law later changed. They also said there were no known active geoengineering projects in Kentucky. The discussion remained informational, with no committee vote or final action taken on either topic.

Transcript Highlights:

• That's why in the past two budgets we have funded the diversion program.
• If the budget allows, we'd love to get statewide soon.
• So yes, funding is very helpful, and there’s a line item out of the budget.
• If we’re properly staffed and implemented, we’re able to de-escalate, again getting to the root rather
• There's a lot of budget cutting in the DYS system and a lot of cutting of residential programs right

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The Senate Committee on Juvenile and Emerging Adult Justice held an informational hearing focused on diversion programs and services for high-risk youth, with no bills before the committee and no votes taken. The chair and members emphasized that the session was intended to hear from invited testimony and discuss how to strengthen diversion, reduce court involvement, and improve outcomes for youth. The committee heard first from the Office of the Child Advocate and diversion providers, who described the Massachusetts Youth Diversion Program, its statewide expansion to 10 of 11 court counties, and its reported success rate of about 80% completion without reoffending. Testimony highlighted that diversion keeps youth out of court, connects them more quickly to community-based services, and can address needs such as mental health, education, and substance use. Witnesses also pointed to racial and ethnic disparities in arrests versus summonses, regional variation in diversion access, and the need for clearer statutory authority, more funding, and broader use of pre-arrest diversion. Committee members asked about the difference between arrest and summons, who can initiate diversion, why arrest rates have increased relative to summonses, and how diversion might prevent harmful downstream consequences such as detention or immigration enforcement involvement. Witnesses said police, clerk magistrates, district attorneys, and judges can refer youth to diversion, and argued that local policy, training, and legislative changes could expand use. They also discussed the impact of detention on youth, including stigma, lost school time, and the lack of credit for time served in the juvenile system. Testimony from Citizens for Juvenile Justice focused on prevention, school discipline, and the school-to-prison pipeline, arguing for more restorative practices, better data, and legislation to limit suspensions and expulsions, especially for younger students and nonviolent conduct. They also raised concerns about DCF-involved and foster youth, who are disproportionately represented in the juvenile system. The final panel, the Children's League of Massachusetts and transition-age youth providers, shifted to child welfare and young adult supports. They supported reducing court involvement in child requiring assistance cases, expanding family resource centers, and strengthening services for transition-age youth leaving DCF or DYS custody. Providers described housing instability, homelessness, and the need for education, employment, behavioral health, and supportive housing services for young adults ages 18 to 23. Across the hearing, witnesses consistently argued that early intervention, community-based supports, and diversion are more effective than court processing or detention for most youth, and that the legislature can help through funding, statutory clarity, expanded eligibility, and stronger data collection.