Transcript Highlights:

• Sorry for the late start, Financial Services. We're a little bit over.
• I am an attorney at the Committee for Public Counsel Services.
• ...with regards to diversion is service availability.
• Many were fired for refusing a brand-new, liability-free product.
• My My research and personal conviction were not enough; I was fired.

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The committee hearing began with opening remarks from the House and Senate chairs outlining procedures for a large public hearing with more than 100 witnesses on 64 legislative proposals. They explained time limits, rules for in-person and virtual testimony, written testimony procedures, and the committee’s reporting deadline. Testimony then moved through a series of juvenile justice, child protection, and civil liberties bills, with witnesses generally urging favorable reports or, in one case, opposing expanded juvenile court transparency and child advocate access to records. Several witnesses supported bills aimed at juvenile justice reform. Representative Hendricks backed H. 1744 to prevent child labor exploitation and trafficking, citing federal findings of child labor in seafood processing and calling for stronger penalties and a ban on minors working in such facilities. Senator Gomez supported S. 1131 and S. 1121 to reduce juvenile fees, fines, restitution burdens, and bail-related costs, arguing they worsen racial and economic disparities. Senator Crean and other advocates supported S. 1051/H. 1695 to expand juvenile diversion eligibility, while multiple witnesses from juvenile justice and immigrant advocacy groups supported H. 1657/S. 1058 to expand juvenile expungement and to limit sharing juvenile fingerprints with federal authorities, describing recent ICE detentions of Chelsea students and the resulting fear in immigrant communities. Witnesses also supported H. 1918/S. 1240 to narrow the youthful offender statute, raising the minimum age and reducing mandatory adult-style penalties for youth. The committee also heard testimony on child safety and bodily autonomy bills. Middlesex District Attorney Marion Ryan supported H. 1752 to protect children left in extreme temperatures, explaining it would create civil penalties, allow emergency responders to remove children from cars without liability, and add criminal penalties when serious injury results. Representative Thurber and Senator O’Connor testified for H. 2011/S. 1227, a bill prohibiting coercion or mandates for health-related interventions, including vaccinations, and allowing legal remedies for violations. Senator Jalen supported S. 1136/H. 1847 to prevent false confessions by requiring recording of interrogations and banning deceptive tactics, and several innocence-project and legal-services witnesses described wrongful convictions tied to false confessions and coercive interrogations. Another major topic was H. 1626, which would require age verification for pornographic content and launch an education campaign about online sexual exploitation; Representative Cruz and survivor Udoz Wallace testified in support, describing nonconsensual image sharing and deepfake harms. Not all testimony was supportive. The Committee for Public Counsel Services opposed S. 1035, which would increase transparency in juvenile court proceedings, and H. 1689, which would expand the child advocate’s access to confidential juvenile records, arguing both would undermine privacy and trauma-informed protections for children and families. No votes or formal committee actions were taken during the portion of the hearing provided; the session consisted of opening remarks and public testimony on the listed bills.

Transcript Highlights:

• If we have a Bosque fire, the response occurs, but then the follow-up is crucial.
• Chair, this service being provided in the state of New Mexico.
• With case management and support services, those individuals would be connected to services while in
• With wraparound supportive services?
• gun was fired.

Transcript Highlights:

• It funds our Shreveport-Bossier Sports Commission, Independence Bowl, and Regional Air Service Alliance
• service employees.
• Several years ago, we passed a cancer screening bill for the fire service.
• And it is the fastest growing cancer within the fire service in our population.
• I was thinking that bill we passed a couple of years ago was for retired service people too.

Keywords: 965, house, all

Summary: The House Municipal, Parochial, and Cultural Affairs Committee heard and advanced a series of local and statewide measures. SB 430 would renew, every 12 years by voter approval, the Shreveport-Bossier hotel occupancy tax that supports tourism and sports-related entities; SB 286 updates the New Orleans Downtown Development District statute by clarifying its status as a political subdivision, streamlining tax collection, removing staggered board terms, and clarifying bond-election boundaries; SB 198 requires government projects in historic districts to follow local historic district guidelines for new construction; and SB 172 expands a planning-commission provision so smaller municipalities can waive certain subdivision formalities and costly studies in limited family land-split situations. Each of these bills was described as largely technical or permissive, with supporters emphasizing efficiency, local control, or reduced costs. The committee also advanced SB 439 to add pre-screening for esophageal/Barrett’s esophageal cancer for firefighters and fire service employees, with firefighters’ representatives explaining the test can detect pre-cancerous cells and prevent later, more serious cancer. SB 458 would allow a local tax for a proposed St. Tammany Parish Inspector General/ethics entity to be allocated and, if excess remains, transferred to the district attorney’s office; members discussed the parish-wide referendum process and the connection to state-required funding obligations. SB 447 changes Bossier City Police Department promotional seniority and civil service classification from competitive seniority to promotional seniority, and SB 281 expands the Baker Economic Development District boundary to include additional commercial areas near the airport and support blight removal and growth. Additional measures moved favorably included SB 385, which changes appointments to the New Orleans City Park Improvement Association board and allows City Park to opt out of certain state insurance coverage because it carries private insurance; HR 84, which urges Shreveport to create an interest-free loan program for TSA agents at the regional airport during federal shutdowns; and SB 417, which adds two members to the St. Mary Parish Consolidated Gravity Drainage District No. 2A board. In each case, the committee heard brief testimony from sponsors and local officials or advocates, asked clarifying questions, and then approved the bills without objection. One member, Representative Murray, recused himself from the City Park bill because of his board membership. The committee then took a short recess, noting a few remaining bills would be deferred if sponsors did not appear.

Transcript Highlights:

• So much as relates to sections 18, 19, 83, 84, and 88 shall be referred to the Committee on Public Service
• Bramante Miller, an employee of the Massachusetts Appellate Tax Board, to the Committee on Public Service
• of the town of Seekonk, local approval received; and House Bill 3952, an act authorizing Dartmouth Fire
• House Bill 3952, an act authorizing Dartmouth Fire District No. 1 to appoint the position of treasurer
• act amending the charter of the town of Seekonk; and House Bill 3952, an act authorizing Dartmouth Fire

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The House opened with the Pledge of Allegiance and then received a gubernatorial message recommending legislation to empower municipalities and local governments. The message was referred to the appropriate committees by subject matter, including Municipalities and Regional Government, Public Service, and Revenue. The House also acted on a Rules Committee report suspending Joint Rule 12 for several filed petitions, including proposals on vocational admissions policy, naming tennis courts in Boston, newborn screening for congenital cytomegalovirus, and a sick leave bank for a state employee; the rule suspensions were approved by voice vote. Members also welcomed visiting guests to the chamber, including the Palmer chapter of Operation Friendship with students from France and Sweden, and guests from the Green Team of the Southwest Boston CDC. The Steering, Policy and Scheduling Committee then reported several House bills for consideration, including measures on local journalism, assessor certificates, Machado Joseph Disease Awareness Day, a Seekonk charter amendment, a Dartmouth Fire District treasurer appointment, and a Wayland Free Public Library Millennium Fund. The House suspended Rule 7A, took second readings on those bills, and ordered them to a third reading by voice vote. Finally, the House adopted an order to adjourn to meet again Monday at 11:00 a.m., and then adjourned to that time in informal session.

Transcript Highlights:

• several bills that we would have loved to include in the tax package, the tax exemptions for our service
• My concern is that GRT is used to pay for public services, and they use GRT for operations.
• I am a third-generation small business owner of a drilling and well-servicing business in the San Juan
• That was... ...climate change on their land and water and fires. That was very impactful.
• I don't think we can blame oil and gas for the forest fires.

Summary: The committee first took up the proposed 2026 tax package, Senate Bill 151, and adopted a committee substitute after discussion of the package’s funding capacity and included measures. The substitute bundled five bills: a physician tax credit, a quantum facility infrastructure tax credit, a construction materials gross receipts deduction for affordable multifamily housing, a local journalist employment tax credit, and a health equipment gross receipts deduction. Members discussed amendments that raised the physician credit from $4,000 to $10,000, narrowed the housing deduction to project-based certification, and reduced the journalist credit threshold from four stories to three. Concerns were raised about the fiscal impact on municipalities, especially Albuquerque, and about the funding mechanism, but the committee voted 6-4 to give the substitute a do pass recommendation. Senator Sanchez explained his vote, saying he wished more could have been included in the package. The committee then heard Senate Bill 18, the Clear Horizons Act, which would codify statewide greenhouse gas reduction targets and direct the Environment Department and Environmental Improvement Board to develop plans and rules for emissions reductions. The sponsors said the bill builds on the governor’s 2019 executive order, includes a 10,000-metric-ton threshold for covered emitters, allows certified offsets, and is intended to protect public health, reduce climate-related costs, and provide regulatory certainty. Supporters argued the bill would help communities facing wildfire, drought, health harms, and rising insurance and utility costs, and that it would encourage clean-energy investment and long-term economic stability. Opposition testimony came from mining, oil and gas, rural electric cooperatives, construction, agriculture, auto dealers, chambers of commerce, banks, water recycling companies, and realtors. They argued the bill functions like a carbon tax or broad regulatory mandate, would raise energy and compliance costs, could reduce investment and jobs, and would disproportionately affect rural, tribal, agricultural, and low-income communities. Several witnesses warned of higher electricity and fuel bills, revenue losses for local governments, and uncertainty from delegating major policy decisions to rulemaking. Supporters included public health advocates, educators, local officials, clean-energy businesses, tribal and environmental advocates, and residents affected by wildfire and drought, who said the bill is necessary to address climate harms and protect public health and the economy. No final committee vote on SB 18 was reached in the portion provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• examples of where Care Court has been implemented in a fantastic manner, including integrating the fire
• Court did not receive at least one ordered social service or support.
• partnership programs, which provide comprehensive services including housing, food, case management,
• SB 1309 focuses on follow-up services, which come later in the process.
• Kahomida with Public Counsel, a legal services nonprofit organization based in Los Angeles.

Summary: The Assembly Health Committee heard several bills focused on mental health access, preventive care, health care costs, detention oversight, and daylight saving time. SB 989 would streamline Care Court referrals by allowing first responders to ask county behavioral health agencies to review and file petitions; supporters, especially firefighters and families, said the current process is too burdensome, while Disability Rights California and other opponents argued Care Court is coercive and unproven. SB 1089, as amended, would direct CalRx/HHS to help distribute GLP-1 medications more broadly and more affordably; the author described her own experience with the drugs, and the bill drew support from medical and life sciences groups with no opposition. SB 1309 would eliminate out-of-pocket costs for medically appropriate lung cancer screening follow-up care; cancer advocates and survivors strongly supported it, while health plans and insurers opposed it as costly and said the bigger problem is low initial screening rates. The committee also heard SB 1284, which would require DHCS to report large employers whose workers are enrolled in Medi-Cal and estimate taxpayer costs, framed by supporters as a transparency measure about corporate reliance on public coverage. SCR 7, urging permanent standard time for health reasons, passed with support from medical groups and no opposition. SB 995, the Masuma Khan Justice Act, would create statewide inspection and enforcement standards for large involuntary residential facilities, including private immigration detention centers and certain youth facilities; supporters cited unsafe and inhumane conditions, while county probation officials objected to duplicative oversight for secure youth treatment facilities. The committee took votes on each measure, and the bills and resolution advanced, with SB 1309 and SB 1284 moving on amended and the others also reported out; the consent calendar was approved as well.

Transcript Highlights:

• services.
• They have services somewhere else.
• People get fired from Corrections. People get fired from the Department of Juvenile Justice.
• People get fired from DCF. People get fired from Corrections.
• People get fired from the Department of Juvenile Justice. People get fired from DCF.

Summary: The Senate convened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, then moved to the conference report on House Bill 501E, the General Appropriations Act for fiscal year 2026-27. Budget chairs presented the major spending areas, describing a $114.5 billion overall budget that they said was fiscally responsible and below the prior year’s spending. Highlights included pay increases and retirement adjustments for public safety employees, education funding for K-12, higher education, health and human services, criminal justice, transportation, environmental programs, and agriculture/regulatory agencies. Members then questioned chairs on several items. In education, senators discussed K-12 declining enrollment funding, teacher salary set-asides, private school scholarship spending, mental health funding, preeminence funding for universities, the Hamilton Center at UF, and charter school PICO funding. In health and human services, questions focused on the iBudget waiver waitlist, provider rates, ADAP/HIV funding and the return of Biktarvy to the formulary, KidCare, rural health funding, SNAP-related IT and error reduction efforts, and the IDD managed care program. In criminal justice, senators asked about correctional officer pay, prison staffing and infrastructure, air conditioning in prisons, juvenile justice facilities, law enforcement recruitment, and court system funding. Environmental and transportation questions covered Florida Forever, water quality, state parks, water projects, housing, elections funding, and emergency management. Several specific actions and explanations were given during debate: the budget includes $8.8 million for state attorney competitive area differentials but no funding for public defender CAD requests; assistant state attorneys will start at $70,000 and assistant public defenders at $65,000; the battery disposal issue was described as a temporary study/preemption approach; and the Senate said the budget does not fund Medicaid expansion, preeminence funding, or the SunBucks Summer EBT state share. Senators also noted that some proposals discussed in committee did not make it into the final budget. The transcript ends with debate statements from members praising the budget process and Chair Hooper, while also expressing concerns about public schools, health care access, affordability, and the lack of funding for certain priorities.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:14:41.600><c> will</c> commitment to progress and service will commitment to progress and service
• I thank you very Services Committee.
• ,</c><02:05:41.280><c> and</c> rural advocacy, veteran services, and rural advocacy, veteran services
• service. service.
• ,</c> poured her energy into service, poured her energy into service, education,<02:23:17.520><c> and

Keywords: U.S. House of Representatives Floor Proceedings on Friday, November 21, 2025, 1012, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> work, and service to others. work, and service to others.
• After his service, Mr. Colin soldiers. After his service, Mr.
• </c> the service of these guardsmen. the service of these guardsmen.
• and selfless service.
• </c><04:06:07.920><c> has</c><04:06:08.080><c> a</c> services and ensuring the service has a services

Keywords: U.S. House of Representatives Floor Proceedings on Wednesday, July 23, 2025, 1012, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• ><c> protection</c> as the statewide fire protection as the statewide fire protection forester<00:05:
• of the state fire council and the<00:05:27.280><c> fire</c><00:05:27.600><c> marshall</c><00:05:28.479
• Gary Lum with the State Fire Council.
• Uh, Bill Tam for providing was fired.
• > the</c><00:43:44.400><c> governor</c> After the Lahina fire, the governor After the Lahina fire, the

Keywords: 912, senate, all

Summary: The joint committees heard testimony on several measures. SB 2723, which would designate April 27 as State Sheriff’s Day, was supported by the Department of Law Enforcement and a long-serving sheriff, who described the historical roots of Hawaii’s sheriffs in the Kingdom of Hawaii and said the bill would recognize that legacy. HGA submitted written comments, and there was no opposition or vote taken on the measure during the excerpt. The committees then heard SB 17 on wildfire mitigation. The Public Utilities Commission, DLNR, the State Fire Council, OPSD, the Attorney General’s office, and Kamehameha Schools all testified, mostly in support of the bill’s intent but with suggested amendments. Several witnesses said the bill should better define the working group’s structure, staffing, and funding, and the Attorney General noted constitutional concerns about placing the group outside a principal department and pointed out possible overlap with Acts 302 and 303 from the prior year. Committee members questioned whether SB 17 duplicated earlier wildfire legislation, and witnesses generally said it did not directly conflict but overlapped with existing efforts. On SB 2358, which would require reimbursement for search-and-rescue costs when people leave trails and enter closed areas, the State Fire Council and the Hawaii SAR Alliance testified in opposition or caution, arguing that reimbursement could deter people from calling for help and that Hawaii’s SAR system still has structural and administrative gaps. A committee member asked whether other jurisdictions had used similar measures without discouraging rescues; the Fire Council said Kauai has a similar law but it has not resulted in invoices being sent. No action was taken in the excerpt. The final measure discussed was SB 2475 on Red Hill remediation funding and reimbursement from the Department of Defense. The Board of Water Supply, DLNR, and other testifiers supported the bill, emphasizing the need for long-term research, monitoring, and cleanup, while also noting the unique groundwater conditions and the importance of keeping the funds focused on Red Hill contamination response. Committee members asked about existing federal and state funding, whether the state had received any direct federal money, and what would happen if reimbursement is not obtained. DLNR said it was still working through the reimbursement mechanism and that some federal funding had gone to the Red Hill registry, but not directly to the state for this purpose.

Transcript Highlights:

• Impose taxes on any goods and services. That's what we are asking Missourians to vote on.
• Impose taxes on any goods and services. taxes on any goods and services.
• and safety codes, clear Explicit preservation of fire and safety codes.
• That coal-fired plant’s been dismantled.
• They take the waste from the coal-fired plants, which is called fly ash.

Keywords: 959, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Fish and Wildlife Service.
• Prescribed fire is another big thing. You know, prescribed fire goes all over.
• Prescribed fire is another big thing. You know, prescribed fire goes all over.
• Prescribed fire is another big thing. You know, prescribed fire goes all over.
• Prescribed fire goes all over.

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• There’s no guarantee as long as the current practice of the jail service, custody service is not proper
• No guarantee as long as there’s no change in the custody services by the sheriff’s department.
• No guarantee as long as there's no change in the custody services by Sheriff's Department.
• The state fire marshal just adopted a suite of fire safety codes for battery energy storage systems and
• Because out of the battery storage fire, we now have in law fire department participation at every point

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• being put into a landfill to rot and emit carbon, or it's being laid down in our forest, which produce fire
• </c> down in our forest which produce fire down in our forest which produce fire hazard<00:01:43.920>
• Removing some biomass helps reduce the fire danger and improves forest health in our state.
• Forestry is a really important service that you all provide.
• I said I think the stuff that you all do when clearing out is really important service.

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• a grant to the North Mason Regional Fire Protection Service Authority to increase the services provided
• Service resource mobilization.
• of services to keep our hunting legal and protect our wildlife.
• service entities that are assisting in our wildfire fire efforts.
• We sure know DCYF is a flaming dumpster fire.

Summary: The House Appropriations Committee met in executive session on a proposed substitute operating budget bill and worked through a long series of amendments before voting on the bill. Members discussed a wide range of budget items, including court funding for Thurston County civil filings, Attorney General funding for a domestic extremism task force, grants for Yakima aquatics access, North Mason mobile integrated health, mentoring programs, poverty reduction work, a proposed Department of Housing task force, federal grant inventory staffing, HEAL Act funding, assisted living rebasing, DCYF family resource centers and pediatric interim care, law enforcement training and equipment, shellfish and birthing center licensing fees, school bus depreciation, charter school accountability, transition to kindergarten priorities, and several Fish and Wildlife and OSPI grants. The committee also considered amendments related to the Columbia River Gorge Commission, shrub-steppe habitat mitigation, and a study on Lower Snake River reservoir drawdown impacts. Debate on many amendments centered on whether items were statewide priorities or local projects, and on the fiscal constraints of the budget. Supporters often argued that proposals would protect vulnerable populations, improve public safety, or leverage future savings and outside funding; opponents frequently cited budget pressure, the availability of existing funding, or the need to avoid singling out local projects. Some amendments were adopted, including Clark 343 on intent to fund up to 10,000 additional eCAP slots, Jones 419 on paint stewardship funding, and Stevens 070 limiting birthing center license fees. Many others failed, including amendments on Thurston County court funding, the domestic extremism task force, Yakima aquatics, North Mason mobile integrated health, mentoring, poverty reduction workgroup funding, the Department of Housing task force, federal grant staffing, HEAL Act funding, assisted living rebasing, the PIC Center contract, the Lacey regional training academy, and several Fish and Wildlife and OSPI-related proposals. The committee then moved to the underlying bill, Proposed Substitute House Bill 2289, and adopted a do pass motion after disposing of the amendments. The transcript indicates the committee ultimately reported the bill out of committee with a do pass recommendation.

Transcript Highlights:

• So HCD has been tasked as part of this reorg to provide all of the administrative services and IT services
• So that's because some cities may have overlapping community service districts, fire districts, water
• For me, services needed for youth, services I needed, were not available.
• They're collected at the cost of service.
• For me, services needed for youth, services I needed were not available.

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• System for bond debt service and tunnel repair.
• Services coconuts are a needed Water Services coconuts are a good<01:40:30.719><c> source</c><01:40:
• When you think about, like, little fire ants, right, little fire ants have been here for 30 years and
• When you think about, like, little fire ants, right, little fire ants have been here for 30 years and
• When you think about, like, little fire ants, right, little fire ants have been here for 30 years and

Keywords: 910, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• only—listen to what I'm saying, fire and EMS districts only—to go to 15%.
• Now it goes to a 15, only for EMS and for fire.
• Our fire districts are supportive. Our EMS districts are supportive. This is a needed fix.
• It is in this bill, but only for EMS and only for fire. Thank you for the extended answer.
• Services Committee.

Keywords: 989, all

Summary: The House convened with roll call, prayer, and the Pledge of Allegiance, then approved the journal and received several communications, including substitute-member appointments and committee reports on pending administrative rules. The House State Affairs and Resources and Conservation committees recommended approval of most agency rules, with some exceptions and one rejection for inconsistency with legislative intent. The chamber also received gubernatorial and Senate messages transmitting and signing numerous bills, and it concurred in several Senate amendments to House bills, including HB 730, HB 928, HB 758, and HB 822. The main floor action focused on suspending rules to take up memorials and bills. House Joint Memorial 22, concerning wildlife and pelican impacts on fisheries, was adopted after debate emphasizing fish losses and asking for federal compensation. HB 957, a Department of Water Resources code-cleanup bill, and SB 1396, repealing an inactive Pacific Fisheries Task Force provision, both passed. HB 948, directing LSO to help produce an annual revenue estimate, passed 61-4. HB 967, providing $4 million for Idaho State Police pay raises by shifting some liquor-account revenue, passed 50-18 after debate over impacts on counties, cities, and property taxes. The House also passed HB 959, a property-tax measure for fire and EMS districts that raises the cap for those districts and changes how new construction is calculated, after extensive debate on property-tax relief and local impacts. On the Senate side, SB 1435, the Health and Welfare maintenance budget, passed; SB 1401, a public health enhancement bill, failed 30-36; SB 1429, the behavioral health enhancement budget, passed 39-27; SB 1431, the Water Resources enhancement budget, passed 48-18; SB 1389, addressing liability for private polling locations, passed; SB 1391, a trailer bill adding surveyors to a property-rights/trespass measure, passed; and SJM 114, urging Congress to act on NIL in college athletics, was adopted by voice vote. The House also took up additional budget and trailer bills later in the day, including HB 964, HB 965, and HB 966, which passed, while continuing to process Senate amendments and committee referrals.

Transcript Highlights:

• Also, like police and fire, we don't want to charge people for these services, and we don't want a financial
• Also, like police and fire, we don't want to charge people for these services, and we don't want a financial
• Also, like police and fire, we don't want to charge people for these services, and we don't want a financial
• Also, like police and fire, we don't want to charge people for these services, and we don't want a financial
• Also, like police and fire, we don't want to charge people for these services, and we don't want a financial

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Other general government, utility services, water-sewer services, fire control, many of these are very
• Water sewer services came up as number two.
• Water utility services, you see several instances of different utilities, parks, recreation, fire control
• to have some sort of nexus between the charge for the service and the cost of the service that it's paying
• They need to have some sort of nexus between the charge for the service and the cost of the service that

Summary: The Select Committee on Property Taxes met for a listening session focused on a presentation by Amy Baker of the Joint Legislative Office of Economic and Demographic Research on local government revenues and expenditures. Baker reviewed statewide financial data for counties, municipalities, and independent special districts, using 2018-19 as a baseline year because it was stable and pre-COVID. She explained that counties rely heavily on taxes, with ad valorem taxes making up about 73% of county tax revenue and about 24% of total county revenues statewide, while municipalities rely more on charges for services and have a lower statewide ad valorem share of about 14.7%. She also noted wide variation across local governments, with some counties and cities highly dependent on property taxes and others using them minimally or not at all. Special districts were shown to be very different from counties and cities, with hospital-related revenues and expenditures dominating many of them, while water management districts were more reliant on ad valorem taxes and focused expenditures on the physical environment. Baker also summarized expenditure patterns: counties spent the largest share on public safety, while municipalities spent the largest share on general government services, followed by physical environment and public safety. She emphasized that local government structures vary widely and that the committee should study what characteristics are associated with greater property tax reliance. She said the next research steps would be to extend the analysis through later years, including the COVID and inflation period, and to examine institutional and legal factors that shape local fiscal structures. Members asked about unfunded mandates, fuel taxes, reserves, school taxes, millage rates, and how property taxes relate to specific services such as police and fire. Baker said the current analysis did not yet account for mandates or school taxes and that further work could examine links between revenues and expenditures, commercial versus residential tax burdens, and other factors. After the presentation, members reported back on local meetings with counties and municipalities. Several described large differences in millage rates, revenue mixes, and the impact of any property tax changes on fiscally constrained counties versus larger, wealthier ones. Concerns were raised about how local governments would replace lost revenue, especially for public safety and emergency response, and members discussed the need to consider both revenue replacement and ways to rein in spending. The co-chairs said the committee would continue gathering information, send members follow-up homework and requests for panel suggestions, and invite additional input from constituents, stakeholders, and local governments. The meeting ended with no votes or formal actions beyond adjournment.