Transcript Highlights:

• The usage of any sort of fossil fuel in the hopes of reaching their goal.
• It bans climate goals from comp plans, land development regulation, and transportation plans.
• Bills like this benefit fossil fuel companies: big oil, big gas. They love this bill.
• This bill will literally trap Florida and lock us into fossil fuels in perpetuity.
• This bill will literally trap Florida and lock us into fossil fuels in perpetuity.

Bills: S0558, S1294, S1468, S1474, S1682, S1628

Keywords: stormwater systems, environmental standards, municipal infrastructure, engineering certifications, local compliance, Florida Department of Transportation, biosolids, agronomic rate, land application, environmental protection, Florida statutes, nutrient management, recordkeeping, farming, compost products, wastewater treatment, environment, sewage disposal, pollution control, reporting requirements

Summary: The committee took up several environmental bills, beginning with SB 1682 on local administration of vessel restrictions. Senator Trumbull said the bill would give cities and counties tools to address abandoned, derelict, and long-term anchored vessels while following state standards and FWC guidance. Members from affected areas spoke in support, citing recurring derelict vessel problems and the difficulty and cost of removal once vessels sink. The bill was reported favorably. The committee then heard SB 1468 on advanced wastewater treatment, which would require DEP to compile a detailed statewide report on wastewater treatment plants, including construction age, treatment levels, contaminant data, spill history, flood risk, and receiving waterbody impairment information. Florida Rural Water Association testified that any move to require advanced treatment for all plants over one MGD could create major financial burdens without dedicated funding. The bill was reported favorably. The committee also considered CS/SB 1294 on biosolids management, with a strike-all amendment adopted. Senator Bradley said the revised bill would require bulk Class AA biosolids fertilizer and compost products to be land applied only at agronomic rates and, absent a bona fide sale, only at permitted DEP-approved sites, with a transition date moved to July 1, 2028. Supporters said it would protect water quality and legitimate fertilizer and compost markets, while rural utilities asked for funding and flexibility. The committee reported the bill favorably. Next, the committee took up CS/SB 1628 on net zero policies by governmental entities. Senator Avila said the bill would prohibit local governments and other governmental entities from adopting or funding net zero policies, imposing related fees or taxes, or operating cap-and-trade or carbon trading programs. The committee adopted an amendment clarifying the definition of carbon dioxide. The bill drew extensive debate: supporters argued it would protect residents and businesses from higher costs and preserve predictability, while opponents said it would block local climate and clean-energy policies, including electric buses, energy-efficiency measures, and climate resilience planning. After public testimony on both sides, the bill was reported favorably. The committee also approved CS/SB 1474 on biosolids management, which Senator Gates said would require biosolids and septage to be treated at the highest practical level when wastewater treatment facilities are reasonably accessible and would bar Class B land application within 50 miles of a permitted wastewater facility. An amendment applying the statutory definition of septage was adopted, and the bill was reported favorably. Finally, the committee heard SB 558 on stormwater system standards. Senator Burgess said it would create statewide standards for municipal and county stormwater systems using FDOT guidelines and third-party inspections, with an amendment making technical changes and broadening who may perform inspections. Supporters said uniform standards could improve safety and reduce failures, while contractors, engineers, and industry groups warned it could raise costs, delay projects, and preempt stronger local standards. The bill remained under discussion as the transcript ended.

Transcript Highlights:

• > This</c> To meet modern workforce demands, this bill is aimed at planting the seeds necessary to fuel
• 30:12.480><c> So,</c><00:30:12.720><c> as</c> As I mentioned previously, we have the statute and regulation
• We have two regulations on the docket, and I'm not going to call committee staff forward unless somebody
• Does anybody on the committee have a question on either of the two regulations on the docket?

Keywords: Call to Order and Roll Call - 0:00:00 Approval of Minutes – 0:03:50 Robotics Education – 0:04:18 Canopy KY – 0:14:15 Comprehensive Support and Improvement – 0:23:20 Postsecondary Credit Alignment – 0:53:15 Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in K-12 Settings – 1:21:25 Consideration of Referred Administrative Regulations – 2:05:15 Adjournment 2:05:41, 958, all

Summary: The committee opened with a roll call, confirmed a quorum, approved the minutes by voice vote, and recognized a guest of Senator Hickden, retired judge Dan Kelly. The chair then moved through a tight agenda and limited public presentations and questions. The first presentation was on robotics education in Kentucky, led by Representative Chris Lewis, Kentucky FIRST Robotics executive director Kelly Gowen, and students from Whitfield Academy. They argued that robotics should be expanded in high schools as a workforce pipeline for engineering, manufacturing, and advanced technology jobs. The presentation emphasized hands-on learning, industry certifications, teacher development, and a proposed framework to fund robotics education programs statewide. Committee members were not allowed to ask questions because of time constraints. The second presentation was from Canopy Kentucky, led by Adam Watson and founder Scott Collins. They described Canopy’s business and entrepreneurship education programs for fifth graders and high school students, including the NextGen Good Biz initiative and an eight-classroom high school unit. Canopy requested a one-time $750,000 appropriation for fiscal year 2026, matched by private funds, to expand into more schools and rural areas, train educators, and report outcomes. Members asked a brief question about how the programs fit into school schedules and the difference between the elementary and high school offerings. The final presentation, from KDE’s Kelly Foster and Todd Allen, reviewed the state’s school improvement classifications. Foster explained CSI, TSI, and ATSI status, the federal and state legal framework, and how House Bill 298 returned CSI identification to an annual cycle. She reported that Kentucky identified 50 CSI schools on the most recent release, with 53 CSI schools statewide, along with 39 TSI schools and 102 ATSI schools. She also outlined KDE’s support process, including education recovery staff, diagnostic reviews, turnaround plans, and required professional learning for CSI schools.

Transcript Highlights:

• I also listed the regulations in case you all are interested in looking into them.
• I also listed the regulations in case you all are interested in looking into them.
• </c><00:26:41.600><c> in</c><00:26:41.840><c> case</c> I also listed the regulations in case I also listed
• the regulations in case you<00:26:42.159><c> all</c><00:26:42.320><c> are</c><00:26:42.480><c> interested
• This is kind of under the regulation.

Keywords: Call to Order and Roll Call – 00:00:24 Discussion of The Center for Courageous Kids – 00:02:46 Discussion of Adult Protective Services and State Guardianship Programs – 00:25:22 Discussion of Annual Report of the External Child Fatality and Near Fatality Review Panel – 01:00:34 Consideration of Referred Administrative Regulations – 01:33:41 Adjournment – 01:42:07, 958, all

Summary: The Interim Joint Committee on Families and Children opened its first meeting with roll call and a reminder about the number of children in out-of-home care with active placements, which the chair said was 8,641 as of June 1, 2025. The committee then heard a presentation from the Center for Courageous Kids, a donor-funded camp in Scottville that serves children with lifelong illnesses and disabilities at no charge. Representatives described the camp’s year-round family retreats and summer sessions, its medically safe and inclusive model, and examples of campers gaining confidence and independence. They said the camp has served more than 43,000 campers from Kentucky, other states, and other countries, and that it is seeking legislative support for two capital projects: a new art barn and a medical lodge, with a combined request of $3.2 million. Members praised the program and asked about awareness, staffing, volunteer recruitment, accreditation, and how the projects would expand capacity; the camp said the medical lodge would help increase volunteer housing and allow future growth beyond its current summer cap of 128 campers per session. The committee then moved to adult protective services and state guardianship programs. Jessica Wayne, director of the Division of Guardianship, and Cliff Bryant of DCBS explained the legal framework for guardianship and conservatorship, including state guardianship as a last-resort option when no family member or private entity is available or appropriate. They outlined the court petition process, emergency appointments, and the distinction between full and limited guardianship or conservatorship. They emphasized that guardianship is based on legal incapacity to make decisions, not simply on a medical disability diagnosis, and noted that state guardianship can be arranged for some 17-year-olds aging out of youth services. The presenters said the state currently serves 4,645 individuals under guardianship, with most cases involving developmental intellectual disabilities, supported community living waiver participants, and people in nursing homes or long-term care facilities. They also described the division’s three branches: field services, which handles visits and day-to-day decisions in all 120 counties; a benefits branch that applies for public benefits; and a fiduciary branch that manages funds and pays bills. They reported 89 field workers statewide, an average caseload of 52, and said the agency is hiring to reduce that load. No votes or formal committee actions were taken during the meeting.

Transcript Highlights:

• Arbitrary time restrictions and notification prohibitions constitute content-based regulations that trigger
• And so if we're able to move on this quickly and pass Senate Bill 165 and get these regulations and this
• these chemicals are in our products and in our environment, but I've also come to consider that our regulations

Bills: AB52, AB76, AB163, AB388, AB483

Keywords: health insurance, claims process, insurance regulation, admin penalties, healthcare access, cannabis, cannabis establishment, medical cannabis, adult-use cannabis, advertising regulations, packaging requirements, unlicensed cannabis activities, state prosecution, confidentiality, Cannabis Compliance Board, disciplinary proceedings, mental health, counseling, interstate practice, telehealth

Transcript Highlights:

• questions about how far that would open it up, whether it would be cannabis, plant-based aviation fuel
• </c> would be uh cannabis, plant-based would be uh cannabis, plant-based aviation<01:06:45.359><c> fuel
• <01:06:45.920><c> other</c><01:06:46.160><c> agricultural</c><01:06:46.960><c> things</c> aviation fuel
• , other agricultural things aviation fuel, other agricultural things like<01:06:47.359><c> that,</c><
• There are a lot of regulations, social and financial capital issues that go into this as well as CAN

Bills: HF3228, HF2441

Keywords: workers' compensation, insurance programs, employee protection, Minnesota statutes, safety regulations, prevailing wage, certified payroll, payroll reporting, construction contracts, public works, project registration, labor standards, contractor compliance, subcontractor reporting, state government, Department of Administration, Commissioner of Labor and Industry, Metropolitan Council, highway construction, public construction

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> we revert to previous reg regulations we revert to previous reg regulations the<00:09:22.640><c>
• </c><00:20:35.919><c> in</c> there's too many regulations in there's too many regulations in childcare
• that keep our kids safe and regulations that keep our kids safe and regul<00:21:12.720><c> regulations
• regulations that are too you know regul regulations that are too you know overburdensome<00:21:15.320
• </c> ways that we can rightsize regulations ways that we can rightsize regulations to<00:32:41.720><c

Bills: HF1247, HF628

Keywords: child care, aides, supervision, child care centers, staffing regulations, childcare, day care, licensed child care center, early childhood education, child care licensing, director qualifications, staff ratios, group size, staff-to-child ratio, substitutes, volunteers, assistant teacher, teacher qualifications, infant care, toddler age

Keywords: KY LRC YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MeShX0kC8cg, 2026-06-21T07:17:07+00:00, 2.2.24, Data collected via generic collector engine, Roll Call – 00:00:54 2022 RS HB 250 Update – 00:02:45 General Education Diploma Update – 00:55:15 State Textbook Commission – 01:20:28 Consideration of Administrative Regulations – 01:54:46 Adjournment – 01:57:45, 958, all, 2.2.42, 2.1.47

Keywords: KY LRC YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZXtzs_ae7Y, 2026-06-21T07:17:03+00:00, 2.2.24, Data collected via generic collector engine, Meeting Start: 00:00 Roll Call: 00:20 Administrative Regulations Review: 02:30 HB 125 Discussion: 05:35 HB 125 Roll Call Vote: 08:11 HB 180 Discussion: 09:36 HB 180 Roll Call Vote: 35:33, 958, all, 2.2.42, 2.1.47

Keywords: KY LRC YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ikc-0AthC0g, 2026-06-21T07:17:00+00:00, 2.2.24, Data collected via generic collector engine, Meeting Start 00:00 Roll Call 00:10 Discussion on HB 465 01:48 Roll Call Vote on HB 465 06:12 Discussion on HB 447 (No Vote) 08:28 Discussion Administrative Regulations 48:56, 958, all, 2.2.42, 2.1.47

Transcript Highlights:

• , and I'd like to bring to all of your attention that the Arizona Board of Nursing is currently regulating
• But with the current regulations, I'm forever condemned, even though I have redeemed myself by the board's

Bills: HB2408, HB2434, HB2725, HB2728, HB2729, HB2730, HB2731, HB2732, HB2733

Keywords: nursing board, regulatory actions, disciplinary actions, expungement, healthcare professionalism, controlled substances, prescription monitoring, opioid crisis, healthcare regulations, patient safety, prescription drugs, opioids, healthcare, pain management, utilization controls, AHCCCS, Department of Economic Security, social services, welfare programs, vocational rehabilitation

Transcript Highlights:

• What kind of AI are we trying to regulate?
• What kind of AI are we trying to regulate?
• We regulate and lawmake around a Toyota Prius far differently than we regulate and lawmake around a 16
• But if we regulate it out of the law, we can cause ourselves a lot of unintended consequences.
• But if we regulate it out of the law, we can cause ourselves a lot of unintended consequences.

Bills: HB2565, HB1607, HB2254, HB2385, HB2531, HB2543

Keywords: investment, gifts, grants, University of Washington, funding, higher education, recycling, waste reduction, environmental policy, sustainability, municipal regulations, HB 2254, Washington, Health Care Authority, partnership access line, psychiatric consultation line, first approach skills training, behavioral health, mental health, assessment

Summary: The House Appropriations Committee heard House Bill 2565, which would require the University of Washington to place gifts and endowment funds with the Washington State Investment Board instead of managing them through UW’s own investment office. Staff and the prime sponsor argued the state board could achieve higher returns at lower fees, while UW testified in opposition, saying its investment company is self-sustaining, transparent, and manages funds with different legal and liquidity constraints. No questions were raised during the hearing, and the bill was not advanced at that point. The committee then took up amendments and executive action on several bills. For Third Substitute House Bill 1607 on beverage container recycling and waste reduction, members debated and rejected amendments that would have changed redemption-site locations, redirected unredeemed deposits to the Working Families Tax Credit and litter programs, added accountability requirements for grants, or created a supplemental SNAP benefit. The committee adopted only a technical amendment and then approved the bill on a 17-13 vote. For Engrossed Substitute House Bill 1622 on public employers bargaining over artificial intelligence use, the committee adopted one amendment refining the AI definition and rejected amendments that would have narrowed bargaining triggers further; the bill then passed 19-11. The committee also advanced House Bill 2254 on the Partnership Access Line assessment, House Bill 2385 extending timelines for the Medicaid Access Program after federal changes, House Bill 2531 adjusting a quality assurance fee for ground transportation/ambulance reimbursement, and House Bill 2543 allowing county clerks to raise fees to cover required court-related changes. Each of those bills was reported out with a do pass recommendation after brief discussion and recorded roll-call votes.

Transcript Highlights:

• , and there was a video of my exchange with... ...don't want to be regulated.
• You want that benefit, but you don't want to be regulated. You want it both ways.
• So we want to create a pro-worker framework so people are regulated at the state level.
• have no money to go toward regulating this.
• They have no money to go toward regulating this.

Bills: SB1206, SB1254, SB1290, SB1421, SB1432, SB1515, SB1563, SB1641, SB1649, SB1670, SB1671, SB1747

Keywords: storm damage, catastrophic storm, hail damage, wind damage, roof repair, roof replacement, post-storm repairs, insurance claim, property and casualty insurance, adjuster, public adjuster, contractor licensing, homeowner protections, deductible waiver, insurance fraud prevention, storm chaser, residential construction contract, workers' compensation, joint check, claim solicitation

Transcript Highlights:

• Thank you so much. >> Thank you. >> DOT, Department of Taxation. regulating routes, prices, and other
• regulating routes, prices, and other similar<00:15:40.560><c> things</c><00:15:40.880><c> which</c><
• Uh, in your folks' testimony, you implied that this could not line up with federal regulations.
• </c> not line up with federal regulations. not line up with federal regulations.
• State taxes on gasoline and diesel fuel for the motor vehicles.

Bills: HB1688, HB2386, HB1691, HB1680, HB2516, HB1993, HB2442, HB1510, HB1958, HB1915, HB1692, HB1524, HB1884, HB1523, HB2213, HB2186, HB2163, HB1908, HB1910

Keywords: general excise tax, aircraft maintenance, tax exemption, aviation industry, economic competitiveness, water carriers, automatic adjustment mechanism, regulatory compliance, rate adjustments, public utilities commission, Hawaii Revised Statutes, biosecurity, community outreach, transportation rates, vehicle ownership, salvaged vehicles, insurance settlement, electronic signatures, administrative efficiency, vehicle transfer

Summary: The committee first took up SB 2699, which would create a youth transit program within DOT and a special fund tied to the environmental response/energy/food security tax fund. The chair described support from several agencies but also noted Attorney General concerns about whether the special fund met statutory criteria, DOE comments requesting a July 1, 2026 effective date, and broader funding concerns because the bill would draw from general fund resources. The chair recommended deferral, saying the measure involved significant long-term costs and needed more work on a funding mechanism. The committee deferred the bill. The committee then heard SB 3182, relating to administrative license revocation procedures. HDOT supported the measure, while the Judiciary opposed the bill as written, citing operational, staffing, fiscal, and mailing burdens from requiring ADLRO to mail all case documents to every respondent within five days. Judiciary said it handles about 3,000 to 4,000 DUI cases annually and would need additional staff and certified-mail costs. Prosecutors from the state and county supported a proposed SD1 version, saying it would address backlog concerns and help DUI enforcement by creating a presumption of revocation. The committee ultimately recommended support and passage of SD1. The committee also heard SB 3313 on interisland air service stability and transformation. The Attorney General warned the bill could be preempted by the federal Airline Deregulation Act and raised constitutional concerns about a local-hire provision. DOTAX said the program would be complicated to administer and suggested third-party certification. No action was taken in the excerpt. The committee then heard SB 3337, which would eliminate state taxes on gasoline and diesel fuel for motor vehicles; HDOT opposed it, while DOTAX provided comments and the Hawaii Transportation Association supported it. The transcript then moved to SB 2896, lowering the minimum age for commercial driving from 19 to 18. HDOT supported the bill, the Hawaii Transportation Association strongly supported it and suggested added training requirements, and an Operating Engineers representative supported the concept but urged that young drivers be tied to apprenticeship or other structured training programs. No vote was shown in the excerpt. Finally, the committee heard SB 2400, which would exempt wing-in-ground craft from the Hawaii Waters Act and define those craft in law. The PUC supported the bill’s intent, and Regent Craft testified in strong support, describing sea gliders as all-electric vessels that could improve interisland access, resiliency, and decarbonization while using existing harbor infrastructure. HTDC and several other groups also supported the measure. Members asked about infrastructure, ports, weather operations, and Coast Guard jurisdiction, and the witness said operators would decide harbor locations and that the company had identified multiple possible ports. No final committee action was included in the excerpt.

Transcript Highlights:

• Texas restaurants operate under a complicated and costly patchwork of regulations. regulations.
• We are regulated by the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation already, and Texas.
• These mini-boilers are heavily regulated by the FDA.
• already rigorously regulated by US FDA.
• So, I'm in favor of... reducing a duplicative regulation.

Bills: SB264, SB542, SB924, SB1008, SB1029, SB1036, SB1057, SB1058, SB1185, SB1202, SB1358, SB1364, SB1376, SB1569, SB1664, SB1697, SJR50

Keywords: SB 264, Texas Workers' Compensation Act, group self-insurance, self-insured groups, workers' compensation, Texas Department of Insurance, commissioner of insurance, certificate of approval, guaranty fund, trust fund, wind down, dissolution, labor code, insurance regulation, employer coverage, risk pool, business and commerce, trade workforce economic development, property owners' association, water conservation

Bills: SB330, SB2069, SB2095

Keywords: elk population, wildlife management, Oklahoma State University, veterinary medicine, ecosystem health, habitat assessment, advanced nuclear energy, nuclear power, small modular reactor, SMR, microreactor, generation III+, generation IV, nuclear reactor, nuclear permitting, nuclear licensing, Oklahoma Corporation Commission, OCC, Oklahoma Advanced Nuclear Energy Office, Oklahoma Advanced Nuclear Development Revolving Fund

Bills: SB330, SB2069, SB2095

Keywords: elk population, wildlife management, Oklahoma State University, veterinary medicine, ecosystem health, habitat assessment, advanced nuclear energy, nuclear power, small modular reactor, SMR, microreactor, generation III+, generation IV, nuclear reactor, nuclear permitting, nuclear licensing, Oklahoma Corporation Commission, OCC, Oklahoma Advanced Nuclear Energy Office, Oklahoma Advanced Nuclear Development Revolving Fund

Summary: The Wildlife Committee considered and advanced two Senate bills. Pro Tem Moore presented SB 330, described as an elk population study bill related to the Northwest Zone and a mirror of a House measure. After brief discussion, the committee voted 7-0 to do pass the bill. Representative Townley then presented SB 269, which would prohibit taking migratory birds through baiting and align Oklahoma law with federal law. The committee asked no substantive questions and voted 6-0 to do pass. Townley also presented SB 2095, which sets fees and fines for hunting guides, with higher fees for nonresidents and a licensing exemption for certain helpers. He said the bill was intended to protect landowners and hunters and support Oklahoma’s reputation as a hunting destination. Members asked about the scope and fee amounts, and were told the fees would be $1,000 for residents and $2,000 for nonresidents. The committee voted 6-0 to do pass. The chair then noted this would likely be the final meeting of the year.

Transcript Highlights:

• at-home child care facilities to provide assistance or to provide child care without additional regulations
• It clarifies that counties and municipalities cannot add additional regulations or additional fees just
• While they cannot add additional parking regulations that are not required of that same area.
• Prior to that, I was a staff attorney for the legal division at the Public Regulation Commission for
• Page 5, lines 1 through 3 reduce the use of fossil fuels for meeting demand, so forth and so on.

Bills: HB303, SB96, HM6

Keywords: public utility, certificate of public convenience and necessity, certificate of need, Public Regulation Commission, PRC, utility regulation, ratemaking, energy storage, battery storage, grid reliability, renewable energy, transmission, distribution, generation plant, utility expansion, service territory, mutual domestic water consumer association, economic development department, clean energy, fossil fuel reduction

Transcript Highlights:

• Categorical exclusions for fuels reduction in the Lake Tahoe Basin sped up treatment helping the Caldor
• As a result, thousands of communities will face greater wildfire risks as planned fuel reduction projects
• It's created unprecedented fuel loads, destabilized above ground carbon, and limited water resources.
• You talked about grazing, so important to reduce those fuel loads, programs to better coordinate the
• We also need to engage in large-scale efforts to reduce the amount of hazardous fuel that has the Fix

Bills: HB471

Keywords: forest management, wildfire prevention, public lands, Tribal jurisdiction, Fix Our Forests Act, wildfire, forest health, hazardous fuels reduction, fuels treatment, prescribed burning, mechanical thinning, mastication, fuel breaks, fire breaks, wildland-urban interface, WUI, fireshed, fireshed management area, fireshed registry, Fireshed Center

Summary: The meeting primarily focused on H.R. 471, the Fix Our Forests Act, which aims to address the ongoing crisis of wildfires exacerbated by climate change and the need for updated forest management practices. Various committee members voiced concerns about past federal management failures and emphasized the necessity for collaborative approaches involving local communities and stakeholders in forest management. As discussions unfolded, there were varying perspectives on the implications of certain provisions in the bill, particularly around regulatory changes and their likely impacts on public participation and environmental reviews.

Bills: SCR48, SCR28, SCR74, SCR62, SCR60, SCR89, SCR147, SCR179, SCR182, SCR59, SCR54, SCR180

Keywords: affordable housing, housing credits, perpetual credits, development, Hawaii Housing Finance, Vietnam veterans, commemorative medal, recognition, working group, Hawaii, no-bid contracts, emergency procurement, audit, state agencies, public funds, accountability, emergency response, disability access, 911 systems, life-saving measures

Transcript Highlights:

• This is a look at our fuel mix in 2025, last year. You can see the fossil fuel is about 49%.
• </c><00:05:47.600><c> by</c> members and we are fully regulated by members and we are fully regulated
• So we've developed 80 fossil fuel.
• </c><00:13:07.920><c> Significant</c> gallons of of a fuel. Significant gallons of of a fuel.
• price forecast, reference fuel price forecast, or a high fuel price forecast.

Bills: SCR48, SCR28, SCR74, SCR62, SCR60, SCR89, SCR147, SCR179, SCR182, SCR59, SCR54, SCR180

Keywords: affordable housing, housing credits, perpetual credits, development, Hawaii Housing Finance, Vietnam veterans, commemorative medal, recognition, working group, Hawaii, no-bid contracts, emergency procurement, audit, state agencies, public funds, accountability, emergency response, disability access, 911 systems, life-saving measures