Bills: HB178 , HB1551 , HB1939 , HB2040 , HB2354 , HB2674 , HB3029 , HB3460 , HB3631 , HB3662 , HB5201 , HB5381 , HB178

Committee: House Public Education

Keywords: Texas education, public schools, curriculum, social studies, high school graduation requirements, State Board of Education, Education Code, ethnic studies, world history, world geography, U.S. history, government, economics, personal financial literacy, free enterprise, religious literature, Hebrew Scriptures, Old Testament, New Testament, ninth grade

Transcript Highlights:

• misused in a way that compromises the safety and privacy of our students and staff. ...we have an aviation
• Our maintenance and operations teams also benefit from being able to monitor our facilities and check

Bills: HB178 , HB178 , HB1551 , HB1939 , HB2040 , HB2354 , HB2674 , HB3029 , HB3460 , HB3631 , HB3662 , HB5201 , HB5381

Committee: House Public Education

Keywords: efficiency audit, political subdivision, tax rate, fiscal management, government accountability, Texas education, public schools, curriculum, social studies, high school graduation requirements, State Board of Education, Education Code, ethnic studies, world history, world geography, U.S. history, government, economics, personal financial literacy, free enterprise

Transcript Highlights:

• In the FY 2025 budget, the Army increased funding for barracks maintenance problems, but the effects
• The key part of this program is that it is using operations and maintenance dollars versus traditional
• And Army aviators, my hearts are especially broken.
• The Army has a deep backlog of maintenance and modernization for its facilities.
• Hawaii, and though the experience has been good, I think that they might echo that some of the maintenance

Committee: Senate Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Personnel

Transcript Highlights:

• Senate Bill 422 defines automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast, or ADS-B, as an advanced aviation
• We work to support and defend airports, including general aviation airports here in Florida, against
• I want to say we very much appreciate the ultimate goal of safety, affordability, and privacy in aviation
• from those directly using airport infrastructure and onto everyone else, including others in the aviation
• We work to support and defend airports, including general aviation airports here in Florida, against

Bills: S0198 , S0422 , S1236 , S1356 , S1456 , S1722

Committee: Senate Commerce and Tourism

Summary: The committee first postponed SB 1456, then heard SB 1236, which would condition state economic development incentives on employers using secret-ballot union elections and prohibit neutrality agreements. The sponsor argued the bill protects workers from coercion and applies only to companies receiving taxpayer-funded incentives; opponents said it was government interference, likely to hurt contractors, apprenticeships, and business growth, and raised concerns about federal preemption and Attorney General enforcement. After debate, the committee reported SB 1236 favorably on a recorded vote. The committee then considered CS/SB 198, a measure to regulate cryptocurrency kiosks by requiring operator registration, fraud warnings, transaction limits, blockchain analytics, receipts, and refund protections for certain first-time transactions tied to fraud. Supporters from the banking industry, AARP, and others said the bill would help stop scams that are targeting seniors and vulnerable adults; one industry witness supported the bill but suggested narrowing the limits for existing users and shortening the new-customer period. The committee reported the bill favorably. Next, the committee took up CS/SB 1356 on dog breeding, pet sales, and breeder registration. The sponsor said the bill is intended to curb puppy mills, improve animal welfare, and add consumer protections, while an amendment removed state oversight of local animal shelters. Pet store representatives supported much of the bill but objected to the three-day waiting period for financed purchases, expanded reimbursement, and unfair trade practice penalties; others argued the bill would add red tape and litigation. The committee adopted the amendment and then reported the bill favorably. The committee also heard SB 1722 on app stores and minors, which would require age verification, parental consent for minors, app-content disclosures, and enforcement by the Department of Legal Affairs. Supporters said the bill would help parents protect children online; opponents warned it could force collection of sensitive personal data, create privacy and constitutional problems, and duplicate existing parental tools. Members debated the balance between child safety and privacy, and the committee reported the bill favorably. Finally, the committee heard CS/SB 422 on ADS-B aviation data, which would bar use of ADS-B information to calculate certain landing or access fees; an amendment added departures to the restriction. Pilots supported the bill as a safety and privacy measure, while airport representatives opposed it as undermining airport finances and shifting costs. The amendment was adopted, and the hearing on the bill began with testimony from both sides.

Transcript Highlights:

• The aviation cluster centered around Duluth International Airport contributes $1.4 billion in annual
• The<00:25:36.280><c> aviation</c><00:25:36.720><c> cluster</c><00:25:37.280><c> centered</c><00:25:37.760
• ><c> around</c> The aviation cluster centered around The aviation cluster centered around Duluth<00:25
• However, this account also supports timber sales and forest road maintenance.
• </c> and forest road maintenance. and forest road maintenance.

Bills: HF4156 , HF3835 , HF3995 , HF4383 , HF4091 , HF4084 , HF4311 , HF198 , HF4486 , HF4302 , HF4309 , HF4032 , HF3855 , HF3673 , HF4265 , HF4012 , HF4339 , HF4298 , HF3852

Committee: House Capital Investment

Transcript Highlights:

• I do know there was a proposal before us maybe a session ago about our aviation fuel and how we could
• I do know there was a proposal before us maybe a session ago about our aviation fuel and how we could
• What is that ability to sort of, can you shift, can some of the aviation shortfalls for aviation fuel
• So they report to us each year for those five-year periods and three subsequent maintenance years.
• But there's the modernizing and then there's the maintenance and update.

Transcript Highlights:

• VA also supports with amendments and subject to the availability appropriations The aviators cancers
• If you fire maintenance and support employees, hospitals and equipment don't get cleaned.
• Because I fear that they're for mental health counselors, or radiology technicians, or maintenance.
• increasing DIC would allow me to afford groceries and child care, medical expenses, and home and car maintenance
• TAPS strongly supports the Aviation Cancers Examination Study Act. and thank Senators Cotton and Kelly

Bills: SB124 , SB201 , SB275 , SB410 , SB478 , SB607 , SB610 , SB611 , SB654 , SB702 , SB787 , SB831 , SB892

Committee: Senate Senate Veterans' Affairs

Keywords: Department of Veterans Affairs, disciplinary procedures, accountability, personnel actions, whistleblower protection, cancer, military, aircrew, veterans, health study, toxins, morbidity, mortality, service members, mental health, community care, accessibility, treatment programs, substance abuse, appointments

Summary: During the meeting, various members engaged in extensive discussions surrounding 15 proposed bills related to veterans' affairs. Notably, concerns regarding recent VA workforce changes sparked debates, particularly about potential cuts and their implications for veterans' care and benefits. Chairman Moran emphasized the need for thoughtful reforms and coordination with stakeholders, urging responsible measures to prevent negatively impacting service delivery. The meeting highlighted a significant bipartisan effort to enhance veterans' access to essential health services, particularly in light of recent challenges faced by the VA workforce. Senator Blumenthal's assertions about the urgent plight of veterans due to cuts in personnel drew strong reactions, showcasing the deep concern among committee members regarding the current state of veteran services.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> long-term facilities maintenance long-term facilities maintenance revenue.<00:20:11.679><c> And<
• Um and I long-term facility maintenance.
• <00:24:47.840><c> for</c> previous facility maintenance for previous facility maintenance for charter
• ,</c><01:40:30.639><c> um</c> long-term facility maintenance, um long-term facility maintenance, um lunchrooms
• So that that is an 91 uh aviation folks.

Bills: HF2433

Committee: Senate Education Finance

Keywords: education funding, children with disabilities, transition aid, special education, school district consolidation

Transcript Highlights:

• certain registered voters, but take different approaches to implementation and to related list maintenance
• Voter registration in Florida will be accepted, and then as part of the list maintenance process, the
• Supervisors currently have list maintenance obligations, and through those obligations they determine
• Supervisors currently have list maintenance obligations, and in those list maintenance obligations they
• Inacralane to Jacksonville Aviation Authority Consolidated City of Jacksonville, Duval County.

Summary: The Senate convened with a quorum, opened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, and included several member introductions recognizing guests, interns, firefighters, and a doctor of the day. The chamber then moved to the special order calendar and began taking up a series of bills, often substituting House companions for Senate measures before final passage. The first major bill, health care patient protection, required hospitals with emergency departments to adopt pediatric emergency care policies, training, a pediatric emergency care coordinator, and readiness assessments; it passed 36-0. A public records bill protecting victim identities and temporarily exempting the name of a law enforcement officer who is a victim also passed after questions about access for victims of police misconduct, with a 33-4 vote. The Senate next approved a local government cybersecurity bill creating a state-administered program through Florida Digital Service to help counties and cities strengthen cyber defenses, with priority for rural and fiscally constrained governments; after amendments, it passed 37-0. A clerks of court bill allowing clerks to retain all revenue above projections and, through a House amendment, revising legal notice and traffic citation distribution provisions, passed 38-0 despite debate over impacts on municipalities and law enforcement. The chamber also passed a trademark modernization bill and a septic system permit bill intended to reduce delays for builders; the septic bill was amended to align the House and Senate versions and passed 38-0. The longest and most contested item was the elections bill, which updated citizenship verification procedures using REAL ID and state databases, changed candidate qualification rules, and altered election administration provisions. Numerous amendments were offered and rejected, including proposals to exempt certain seniors, preserve student and retirement-center IDs, allow attestations in place of documentary proof of citizenship, and require human review over automated systems. One amendment to delay implementation until July 1, 2027, was also debated. The transcript ends while debate is still underway on the elections measure, with no final vote shown in the excerpt.

Transcript Highlights:

• You see it during wildfire and flood season, where we coordinate aviation, logistics, and multi-agency
• We had some aviators that were assisting and maintainers that were assisting in that mission.
• So we've had our folks work in that Title 10 mission, that federal active-duty mission, our aviators
• Our aviators doing that, and all they heard was praise from the active component about all the great
• work that our aviators were doing in that regard.

Committee: Senate Director Nominations

Transcript Highlights:

• we've effectively operated with this type of exemption to stay competitive in attracting aircraft maintenance
• This is about staying competitive with other states, protecting high-paying jobs, and growing aviation
• having a small airport in Lord LaFouche that I hear from lots of people that we have some of the best aviation

Summary: Yes. This appears to be a hearing of the House Ways and Means Committee, based on the roll call, the committee chair’s remarks, and the committee’s consideration of bills and resolutions with tax and fiscal implications. The committee first announced that SB 436 by Senator Cloud was deferred. It then heard SB 442 by Senator Stein, which would provide a local sales and use tax exemption in Calcasieu Parish for repairs, upgrades, and overhauls on certain aircraft at qualifying facilities such as Chennault. The bill was presented as an economic development measure to keep aviation maintenance work and jobs in Southwest Louisiana. After testimony from Citadel Completions representatives describing the company’s operations, local partnerships, and job creation, the committee voted to report SB 442 favorably without objection. The committee next took up HR 118 by Representative Wright, which would create a legislative subcommittee to study a possible state income tax credit for certain water utility customers facing high rates tied to water system upgrades and brown-water issues in parts of the Florida parishes and elsewhere. Members questioned the fiscal impact, eligibility, duration, and whether the proposal would simply subsidize private utility rates or address a broader regulatory problem. Wright emphasized that the resolution was only for study and would gather testimony and numbers before any credit was considered. The resolution was reported favorably without objection. Finally, HB 1039 by Representative Deshotel was called but no presenter was present, so the committee held the bill in committee. The meeting then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm sure that you are all very well aware of the incredible economic potential of sustainable aviation
• I'm sure that you are all very well aware of the incredible economic potential of sustainable aviation
• For instance, as we discussed earlier in sustainable aviation fuel, it can also open up new markets.
• Sustainable aviation fuel can also open up new markets.
• </c> districts operations and maintenance districts operations and maintenance costs<01:23:54.440><c>

Committee: Senate Energy, Utilities, Environment, and Climate

Transcript Highlights:

• I live in the city of Cedarville, former naval aviator.
• The current cost for operation and maintenance of the Yakima Training Center point-of-entry treatment
• The current cost for operation and maintenance of the Yakima Training Center point of entry treatment
• So this has drastically reduced the amount of maintenance our service members were able to perform on
• collaboration with the Department of Natural Resources, we'll train five hand crews and have our aviators

Summary: The Joint Committee on Veterans and Military Affairs heard updates from Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Navy Region Northwest, Fairchild Air Force Base, the Coast Guard, state licensing agencies, the Washington National Guard, and a veterans behavioral health presenter. Across the military briefings, commanders emphasized readiness and major missions, while also highlighting quality-of-life issues affecting service members and families, including housing, child care, food insecurity, medical and dental access, and spouse employment. JBLM reported progress on 212 new family homes, ongoing PFAS cleanup, continued work on the Lewis Army Museum, and efforts to expand child care and food assistance. Navy Region Northwest discussed its economic impact, infrastructure projects, environmental stewardship, and future shipyard and homeport planning. Fairchild described its tanker and survival training missions, child care shortages, food insecurity during the shutdown, aging housing, and concerns about wind turbine development near military airspace. The Coast Guard highlighted its polar icebreaker buildup, rebuilding of Base Seattle waterfront infrastructure, and access-to-care challenges at remote stations such as Neah Bay, along with progress on housing and dental services. Committee members repeatedly raised support for military spouses, child care, food access, and licensure compacts. The Department of Licensing reported about 9,000 active military members or spouses licensed, with expedited processing, license portability, and an average time to license of just under nine days. The Department of Health said it had implemented prior military licensure laws, maintained a military-to-civilian crosswalk for health professions, and issued 129 credentials to military-trained health professionals and 1,300 to military spouses/domestic partners in the last fiscal year, all within 30 days. The Professional Educator Standards Board said military-affiliated applicants for educator credentials receive a streamlined process requiring fewer documents and expedited review. Members asked about verification of military spouse status, compact implementation, and whether future federal changes could affect existing interstate compacts. The Washington National Guard briefing focused on dual state and federal missions, election security, wildfire readiness, and a new National Guard Response Force requirement to train 700 personnel. The Guard also described the impact of the recent federal shutdown on employees and outlined policy and budget requests, including youth academy protections, alignment of the Washington Code of Military Justice with the federal UCMJ, making Civil Air Patrol a division of the Military Department, public records exemptions for critical infrastructure, 911 system improvements, disaster assistance funding, and capital requests for a new Joint Forces headquarters and a King County Readiness Center. Members pressed for more detail on drone threats, wildfire response, and whether the new response force would be used for immigration-related duties; the Guard said it understood the force to be intended for all-hazards response and would follow up. The final presentation, from a veterans behavioral health representative, focused on access barriers, suicide risk, and the need for culturally competent care, especially for women veterans and caregivers. The speaker cited high veteran suicide rates in Washington, long waits for services, and the ways child care, transportation, chronic pain, substance use, and military sexual trauma complicate treatment. No formal votes were taken during the meeting, but members and presenters discussed several pending or future legislative priorities, including licensure compacts, child care, military justice updates, and support for military and veteran families.

Transcript Highlights:

• I live in the city of Cedarville, former naval aviator, and Representative Levitt, if you would please
• The current cost for operation and maintenance of the Yakima Training Center point-of-entry treatment
• The current cost for operation and maintenance of the Yakima Training Center point of entry treatment
• So this has drastically reduced the amount of maintenance our service members were able to perform on
• collaboration with the Department of Natural Resources, we’ll train five hand crews and have our aviators

Summary: The committee heard updates from Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Navy Region Northwest, Fairchild Air Force Base, the Coast Guard, state licensing agencies, the Professional Educator Standards Board, the Washington National Guard, and a veterans behavioral health presenter. Across the military briefings, common themes were readiness, infrastructure, and quality-of-life issues for service members and families, especially child care, housing, food insecurity, medical and dental access, and military spouse employment. JBLM highlighted its role in Indo-Pacific readiness, ongoing PFAS cleanup, 212 new family housing units under construction, efforts to expand child care, and continued work to keep the Lewis Army Museum open. Navy Region Northwest discussed its major installations and economic impact, the Shipyard Infrastructure Optimization Plan, future carrier and submarine homeporting needs, and asked the legislature to continue support for licensure compacts, educational stability for military children, housing, and medical access. Fairchild emphasized its tanker and survival missions, child care shortages, food insecurity, aging housing, and concerns about wind turbine development near flight paths, while the Coast Guard focused on rebuilding Base Seattle for new icebreakers and on rural access to housing, medical care, and child care at dispersed stations like Neah Bay. Members repeatedly raised food insecurity and asked for follow-up on solutions. JBLM and Fairchild both described increased demand for food assistance during the shutdown, and committee members noted progress in getting mobile food vans onto JBLM. The presenters also praised state action on military spouse licensure and child care, including Senate Bill 5545 and related compact and portability efforts. The Department of Licensing reported about 9,000 self-identified military members or spouses licensed, with average time-to-license just under nine days, and said applications are prioritized when military status is self-identified. The Department of Health said its military-to-civilian crosswalk now covers more than 35 health professions, that temporary practice permits and expedited processing are in place, and that 1,300 credentials were issued to military spouses and domestic partners and 129 to military-trained health professionals in the last fiscal year, all within 30 days. The Professional Educator Standards Board explained that military spouses and service members can receive expedited teacher certification with reduced documentation, and that they are moved to the front of the review queue when they self-identify. Members asked about verification, and staff said the process relies on attestation with investigatory safeguards if needed. The Washington National Guard briefed on its dual state and federal mission, the impact of the recent shutdown on nearly 700 employees who worked without pay, and policy and budget requests including youth academy protections, alignment of the Washington Code of Military Justice with the UCMJ, making Civil Air Patrol a division of the Military Department, 911 funding, disaster assistance, and capital funding for headquarters and readiness facilities. The Guard also warned about drone threats and said it wants authority to identify, track, and monitor suspicious drones. A veterans behavioral health presenter, an Army combat veteran and clinical social worker, described high suicide risk, barriers to care, and the need for more culturally competent services, especially for women veterans and caregivers. He said Washington veterans’ suicide rate remains above the national average and emphasized that childcare, transportation, and provider shortages can prevent timely treatment. Members generally responded supportively throughout, asked for follow-up on food security and other issues, and encouraged agencies to bring forward legislative ideas for future sessions.

Transcript Highlights:

• Of course, the City commits to long-term maintenance, but their engagement and willingness to work.
• They do automotive components and aviation.
• Let's talk a little bit about the aviation division hangars.
• I mean, is that purely for state aviation, for commercial activity?
• Maintenance repair operations. Mr. Chair, you're talking like a fixed base operation?

Transcript Highlights:

• implications since it requires the Navy to pull sailors assigned to ships and submarines undergoing maintenance
• I mean my last job before this role commanding aviators the distances at which we may need to fight in
• General Miller, 24 NDAA, Congress authorized the Air Force to increase aviation.
• However, we have completely closed the gap based on a lot of it is the bonuses, the aviation bonuses.
• The aviation bonuses are key, so are all the other bonuses.

Committees: Senate Cybersecurity Subcommittee , Senate Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Personnel

Keywords: NDAA, military recruitment, personnel readiness, testimony, military leaders

Summary: The committee meeting focused on pressing issues related to the U.S. military's recruitment and personnel strategies, especially in light of the upcoming NDAA for fiscal year 2026. Chairperson expressed appreciation for the service of witnesses including senior military leaders from different branches, emphasizing the importance of personnel as the backbone of national defense. Discussions revealed concerns regarding the recent lowering of recruitment standards across military branches, which could potentially affect the quality of service members and long-term military readiness. Witnesses were asked to address the implications of these changes on military health and efficiency.

Transcript Highlights:

• for Parks and Rec over the last several years of the legislature to address a bunch of deferred maintenance
• Repairing and restoring our parks and facilities that have had deferred maintenance like I said for over
• when we would undertake these goals, these projects is we will not only address as much deferred maintenance
• So adding that and working with ITD's aviation group to... ...right here.
• So adding that and working with ITD's aviation group to try and see if we can put that airstrip back

Committee: House Resources and Conservation

Transcript Highlights:

• That's allowed them to grow in their aviation manufacturing and in their transportation and logistics
• We have three of the largest cruise ports in the world, two of the highest aviation passenger boardings
• Are those express lanes, are the revenues from those express lanes going for the maintenance of I-95?
• Are those express lanes, are the revenues from those express lanes going for the maintenance of I-95?
• And are those revenues from those express lanes going toward the maintenance or improvements of I-95?

Committee: Senate Appropriations Committee on Transportation, Tourism, and Economic Development

Summary: The Appropriations Committee on Transportation, Tourism, and Economic Development met to hear presentations from the Department of Commerce and the Florida Department of Transportation. Jason Mahon of Florida Commerce outlined the state’s economic development strategy, emphasizing Florida’s GDP growth, business formation, and strengths in manufacturing, high-tech, life sciences, defense, and financial services. He described the department’s tools for small business lending, rural investment tax credits, venture capital support, infrastructure and workforce grants, performance-based incentives, and disaster recovery loans, and highlighted examples such as ServiceNow, Williams International, Asteris, and Point Blank Enterprises. Senators asked about grant availability for small businesses, foreign companies relocating to Florida, workforce shortages in manufacturing, and whether additional tools may be needed; Mahon said most small-business support is loan-based and noted ongoing workforce and infrastructure challenges. Jennifer Marshall of FDOT then reviewed major transportation projects and the Moving Florida Forward initiative, describing the state’s large portfolio of active contracts and major congestion-relief projects across Florida. She highlighted early completions and accelerated timelines on projects including the NASA Causeway Bridge, I-95 at US 1 in Volusia County, I-4 congestion relief lanes, the First Coast Expressway, the Howard Frankland Bridge, I-4 interchanges in Central Florida, A1A coastal protection work, I-75 improvements in Southwest Florida, and the I-395 reconstruction in Miami. Senators asked about how express lane projects are selected, whether toll revenues are used for local maintenance and improvements, the status of the Miami I-395 project, and the impact of losing electric-vehicle express lane exemptions. Marshall said FDOT works with local long-range plans and congestion data, and that she would follow up on several specific funding and project questions. Committee members generally praised both agencies for project delivery, cost savings, and coordination with local partners. Senator Mayfield noted the importance of using savings and working with local governments, while Senator Wright commended Commerce’s role in economic development and FDOT’s work on major road projects. The meeting concluded with no further business, and the committee adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• One just started this year and is in progress, and that is for sustainable aviation fuel, the pathways
• Just started this year and is in progress, and that is for sustainable aviation fuel, the pathways, blending
• And we started developing one for sustainable aviation fuel, including production pathways, blending,
• Sustainable aviation fuel, including production pathways, blending, and distribution.
• The more plastic, the more machinery malfunctions and the more difficulty and maintenance we have.

Summary: The committee held a work session on state environmental policy act (SEPA) implementation and carryout bags. Ecology staff Diane Buterak described the Clean Energy Programmatic Environmental Impact Statements (PEISs) completed for utility-scale solar, onshore wind, and green hydrogen, plus a new PEIS underway for sustainable aviation fuel. She explained that PEISs provide broad planning-level analysis to help developers and agencies avoid or mitigate impacts, but do not replace project-level review. Members asked about permitting timelines, greenhouse gas emissions from different hydrogen production methods, water use, agricultural land conversion, battery fire risk, and tribal consultation. Buterak said the PEISs identify potentially significant impacts and mitigation measures, including fire response planning, early tribal outreach, and agrovoltaics as an option for solar projects. EFSEC’s Amy Hofkimer then presented the transmission-facility programmatic EIS required by SB 5165 for 230 kV and higher transmission projects. She said the statewide review covers new lines and certain upgrades/modifications, analyzes impacts to water, cultural and tribal resources, habitat, and other areas, and uses general measures, design considerations, avoidance criteria, and sensitivity maps to guide siting and corridor planning. She said the final document would be issued in early October. Questions focused on reconductoring, tribal lands, scenic areas, and whether the review could affect existing lines crossing tribal lands. A Grant County planning director, Jim Anderson Cook, said Ecology’s PEIS would help with cumulative impacts for clustered solar projects, but noted tight local review timelines and the need for strong pre-application coordination, especially on cultural resource studies and decommissioning plans. Yakama Nation attorney Shona Leverett argued SEPA is only an assessment tool and said tribes face barriers from short comment periods, limited confidential tribal input, weak cumulative impact analysis, and challenges in the FSEC process; she urged better upfront developer diligence and more effective tribal coordination. Puget Sound Energy’s Sarah Leverett said the utility needs efficient and predictable permitting to meet clean energy mandates while maintaining reliable service and aging infrastructure. She described the scale of needed clean energy and transmission buildout, including a 10-year process for the Energize Eastside transmission rebuild, and said more consistent SEPA and PEIS processes could help. Members asked about future generation sources, reliability, and hydropower as a firming resource; she said PSE is pursuing an “all of the above” approach and would welcome more firm, dispatchable clean energy options. The committee then shifted to carryout bags. Staff Jacob Lipson and Tracy Taylor reviewed Washington’s bag law, its preemption of local ordinances, the current 8-cent charge, the scheduled increase to 12 cents, and the 2025 change delaying the 4-mil thickness requirement until 2028 while adding a temporary 4-cent penalty for thicker bags. Ecology’s Peter Lyon said the agency emphasizes education and complaint-based enforcement, has received 872 reports, and has not yet imposed any fines. Commerce’s Kirk Esmond summarized a WSU study finding fewer plastic bags distributed but more plastic by weight, and said Commerce and Ecology support keeping the 2.25-mil standard and not allowing thinner single-use bags again. Retail industry testimony from Brandon Housekeeper said grocers comply with the law but oppose the added 4-cent penalty and thicker-bag requirement, citing higher costs and confusion in the policy changes.

Transcript Highlights:

• You see it during wildfire and flood season, where we coordinate aviation, logistics, and multi-agency
• We have a high maintenance availability rate considering the age of those aircraft, and our folks have
• We had some aviators that were assisting and maintainers that were assisting in that mission.
• Many past successful TAGs across the states have come from infantry, aviation, armor... ...the states
• have come from infantry, aviation, armor, which you initially were designated to go into, and other

Summary: The Senate Committee on Director Nominations held a confirmation hearing for John Connolly, the current Adjutant General and Director of the Department of Emergency and Military Affairs (DEMA). Connolly described his background in the Army, National Guard, and military law, and outlined DEMA’s dual mission of supporting the Arizona National Guard and emergency management. He emphasized readiness, modernization of aging aircraft and facilities, growth in capabilities such as drones and electronic warfare, partnerships to restore helicopter training at Silver Bell, and stewardship of resources. He also discussed DEMA’s border-related missions, including Task Force Safe at Nogales, counter-drug operations, and use of artificial intelligence to monitor drone activity and build a common operating picture for law enforcement. Committee members questioned Connolly about his interview and vetting process, his role in emergency management, disaster response in Gila County, support for rural counties and tribes, and services for Guard members and families through the Integrated Resilience Operations Center. Several members pressed him on military discipline, lawful orders, classified information, and the distinction between war and hostilities. Senator Rogers focused on chain of command, combat readiness, and whether Connolly’s JAG background prepared him to lead a combat-oriented force; Connolly responded that his role is to provide ready forces, follow civilian authority, and ensure troops have training, equipment, and family support. He also said he had experience advising commanders and teaching lawful versus unlawful orders. A major point of contention came when members questioned Connolly about the 2021 COVID-19 vaccination mandate for the Guard and whether he had treated it as unlawful or unconstitutional. Connolly said it was a lawful order at the time and that exemption processes existed under the regulations. The hearing also turned to immigration enforcement, emergency powers, and whether the Guard should support ICE; Connolly said the Guard is a support function and would respond to a direct request through the governor, but he could not identify a specific scenario in the abstract. No vote or final action was taken during the hearing, and the committee appeared to continue its review after testimony and questioning.