Video & Transcript Research : 'predictive models'

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AL

Alabama 2025 Regular Session

Alabama Senate Banking and Insurance Committee Feb 19th, 2025

Banking and Insurance

Transcript Highlights:
  • This pricing model caps what a pharmacy can make on a prescription. It caps it.
  • We utilize a mail import model that helps us acquire specialty pharmacy medications at 50% lower than
  • year at a cost of a little over a million dollars, and we expect about a 133% increase in our cost model
  • The argument, therefore, appears to be that the fair payment model that SB99 proposes is good for all
  • It’s not like we’re getting super rich, but at least it’s a model where we don’t have to abandon our
Keywords: 923, senate, all
FL

Florida 2025 Regular Session

February 13, 2025 - 09:00 AM

Transcript Highlights:
  • , but also... ...about like our CAT teams and our FACT teams, those teaming models, but also expanding
  • helps us to see what those needs are. about like our cat teams and our fact teams, those teaming models
  • buckets for the outpatient, that really was, you know, outpatient service like our FACT or teaming models
  • if you wanted to go or need at clubhouse or psychosocial rehab, that type of supports. ...teaming models
  • model that helps to do that.
Summary: The Human Services Subcommittee met to review implementation of House Bill 7021, the recent overhaul of Florida’s Baker Act and Marchman Act, and to hear from DCF Assistant Secretary Erica Floyd Thomas about how the department is using the $50 million appropriation tied to the bill. Representative Maney, the bill sponsor, gave a lengthy background on why he pursued the reforms and emphasized that the goal was to improve access, reduce unnecessary crisis interventions, and give agencies the resources needed to carry out their responsibilities. He and the chair both noted that the bill was the product of many years of work and broad bipartisan support. DCF reported several early outcomes and implementation steps, including a statewide reduction in Baker Act initiations over the past five years, strong diversion rates from crisis through 988, mobile response teams, care coordination, and forensic multidisciplinary teams, and the creation of new tools such as a Baker Act dashboard and the first annual Marchman Act report. The department described key statutory changes: law enforcement discretion in initiating Baker Acts, a single-petition process, remote appearances, stronger discharge planning, interim services, updated parent notification and hold-period rules, an ombudsman office for children’s behavioral health, and regional collaboratives to identify local service gaps. DCF said it has updated manuals, FAQs, trainings, and rules, and that the managing entities have begun contracting for services. Members asked about how the $50 million was allocated, why much of it went to crisis capacity rather than outpatient care, how much has been spent so far, whether administrative costs are capped, and how the department will measure success. DCF said most of the money was used to preserve and expand crisis beds, detox beds, CSU beds, short-term residential treatment, discharge planning, and outpatient supports, with $1.3 million for the ombudsman and regional collaboratives and $48.3 million to managing entities. The assistant secretary said the department tracks readmissions, utilization, provider capacity, and monthly and quarterly reports from managing entities, but it is still early to see full effects because contracts were only recently executed. Members also raised concerns about children, families, veterans, workforce shortages, transparency, and gaps for hard-to-place individuals, including those with developmental disabilities or dementia. The meeting ended with no formal action beyond adjournment after questions were completed.
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on Public Service Jun 21st, 2026 at 01:00 pm

Joint Committee on Public Service

Transcript Highlights:
  • I would like to add that we are not just now accepting the application for the hybrid model that you
  • If you could, I'm just curious: do you find that the hybrid model outside of those is working better
  • The idea of the hybrid model was that we could retain civil service and then make allowances for some
  • Is a hybrid model now working better? Thank you.
  • Yeah, so we are just now implementing the hybrid model, but we believe that the hybrid model on top of
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The Joint Committee on Public Service heard testimony on a wide range of bills affecting public employees, retirees, and public safety personnel. Early testimony focused on House Bill 2859, which would make Massachusetts Department of Correction industrial instructors permanent civil service employees after years of provisional status, and House Bill 2995, which would reduce the Boston Fire Cadet Program service requirement from two years to one year. Supporters of the Boston fire cadet bill argued it would improve equity, expand opportunities for Boston residents, and help diversify the Boston Fire Department; committee members asked about the current makeup of academy classes and the effect of a hybrid model, and the Boston Police Patrolmen’s Association was described as neutral on a separate age-related police bill. The committee also heard several proposals related to post-retirement earnings and civil service rules for police and fire retirees. Testimony supported bills including H. 2903 and H. 2966, which would loosen earnings limits for retired public safety workers returning to work, and related measures affecting civil service exemptions and professional services for retirement boards. Speakers argued the current limits are confusing, discourage experienced workers from filling needed municipal jobs, and can create safety issues on public works and construction sites. One witness from Worcester Police supported raising the police academy age limit from 32 to 39 to improve recruitment, especially in BIPOC communities, while Boston City Councilor Gabriela Coletta Zapata supported a separate bill to raise the Boston Police Academy age cap from 39 to 45. A substantial portion of the hearing was devoted to H. 2812 and S. 1817, which would increase the pension COLA base from $13,000 to $18,000 and freeze certain retiree health insurance contribution rates, with additional testimony about capping out-of-pocket health costs for some retirees. Educators and union representatives said the current COLA structure has eroded pension value and leaves retirees struggling with rising costs, while one witness described long delays and confusion in navigating retiree health coverage. The committee took no substantive votes on the bills during the hearing and adjourned after hearing all testimony.
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

02/05/2026 - House Rural Economic Development

Rural Economic Development

Transcript Highlights:
  • And so first, you know, the reason why we think it's bad tax policy is the LIHTC model creates a secondary
  • And so first, you know, the reason why we think it's bad tax policy is the LIHTC model creates a secondary
  • The LIHTC model creates a secondary market to monetize tax credits.
  • And those entrenched interests, whose business model depends on protecting the credit system itself,
  • But secondly, we think the LIHTC model is inefficient, so it's prone to cost inflation.
Bills: HB2388, HB2804, HB2926
FL

Florida 2026 5th Special Session

Community Affairs Nov 4th, 2025

Transcript Highlights:
  • Elevate Florida is a breakthrough, first-in-the-nation, best-in-class model for disaster resilience and
  • This model not only supports individual homeowners, but also contributes to long-term recovery.
  • What began as a Florida First initiative is now serving as a model for other states and federal partners
  • By combining federal resources with state leadership, we're building the national model that other states
  • By combining federal resources with state leadership, we're building the national model that other states
Summary: The Committee on Community Affairs met with a quorum present and heard several housing and disaster-recovery items. The committee heard SB 48 by Senator Gates, which would require local governments to allow voluntary accessory dwelling units, preserve homestead treatment for the owner-occupied portion of the property, limit undue parking restrictions, require 30-day minimum rentals, extend certain density bonuses for military families, and allow reusable tenant screening reports. The bill drew strong support from the Florida Association of Mortgage Professionals and several others, and it was reported favorably. The committee also heard SB 34 by Senator Sharif, creating a historic cemeteries program to help preserve historic African-American cemeteries and allow sale of excess vacant land if proceeds are used for long-term maintenance; it was also reported favorably. The committee then considered and recommended confirmation of Fox Henderson to the Board of Directors of the Florida Housing Finance Corporation. Members also received a presentation from the Department of Commerce on the Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery program and Rebuild Florida. Deputy Secretary Justin Domer described the state’s administration of HUD disaster recovery funds, including more than $4.3 billion received since 2017, housing repair and replacement programs that have completed 5,271 homes, and infrastructure and mitigation projects such as sewer conversion in Alford, the new Calhoun-Liberty Hospital, and the Florida Keys desalination plant. Members asked about average project costs, contractor oversight, corrective actions for deficient work, and audit procedures; Domer said the department uses inspections, vendor oversight, and financial penalties, and noted stricter contract consequences in newer programs. The Division of Emergency Management also presented on Elevate Florida, a federal mitigation program that allows homeowners to apply directly for elevation, reconstruction, acquisition/demolition, or wind-mitigation projects, with a 75/25 federal-homeowner cost share and no state funds. Director Kevin Guthrie said the program is designed to reduce repetitive flood losses and keep homeowners in place, and that it has received more than 12,000 applications, with about 1,500 prioritized, 500 on a wait list, and 305 submitted to FEMA for final approval. Members asked about the 25% match for seniors, the wait list, contractor procurement, and how projects are classified; Guthrie said the program uses insurance proceeds where available, has competitively procured 27 contractors, and may shift projects from elevation to reconstruction depending on damage and flood rules. The committee adjourned after the presentations and discussion.
AL

Alabama 2025 Regular Session

Alabama House Ways and Means Education Committee Apr 2nd, 2025

Ways and Means Education

Transcript Highlights:
  • I know eventually be sustainable, and I know we've seen that actually happen in Georgia, where we modeled
  • That's why our school is focused on math modeling, applied work, and engineering.
  • You know, I know we were founded... ...that title, but yes, we've become a model, I think, of resource
  • I believe this is what makes our residential model so... ...makes our residential model so special.
  • Without this residential model and the school, I would not be where I am today.
Bills: SB1, HB176, HB86, SB1, HB176, HB86
WA

Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session

Legislative Evaluation & Accountability Program Jun 18th, 2025

Legislative Evaluation & Accountability Program

Transcript Highlights:
  • , and future enhancements that may be needed to the budget-writing applications, different budget models
  • We're updating the transportation bond model to make it more flexible for the transportation fiscal coordinators
  • Finally, we're continuing to research how AI can play a part in our budget applications, the models,
  • reports, the enhancements to current reports, the normal interim maintenance, and updates to the models
  • different testing, whether it's being used in the applications or the website or different budget models
Summary: The LEAP committee met on June 18, 2025, with introductions from members and staff, then received a clean audit report from the State Auditor covering 2020–2024. The audit reviewed accounts payable, general disbursements, theft-sensitive assets, and data backup/recovery, and found no findings. Staff also outlined the interim work plan, including a full rewrite of the capital budget application (Build Sum), updates to the transportation bond model and operating budget tools, website improvements, and continued research into secure, responsible AI use. Members asked about AI safeguards, keyword search improvements, and making the website more user-friendly, especially on mobile devices. The committee approved the July 8, 2024 minutes after a quorum was reached. It then considered and unanimously approved several budget format changes: the Department of Corrections moved chemical dependency and sex offender treatment into its health care program and renamed Program 700 from “Offender Change” to “Reentry Services”; the Department of Revenue moved the AMP program into its tax analysis and technology support program; and the Department of Transportation changed a toll program title and added new sub-programs for State Route 509 and State Route 167 toll operations to reflect new facilities and more accurate reporting. Kevin Feltis also provided staffing updates, noting the retirements of longtime LEAP staff, the hiring of three new associate consultants in October 2024, and an upcoming December 2025 retirement for Sherry Randage after decades of state service. The new staff members briefly introduced themselves and expressed enthusiasm for their work. The meeting ended with thanks to members and staff and adjournment after the committee completed its business.
KY

Kentucky 2026 Regular Session

Interim Joint Committee on Economic Development & Workforce Investment. (6-18-26)

Economic Development & Workforce Investment

Transcript Highlights:
  • That's why we don't run a membership model, right? Because that's their model.
  • That's why we don't run a membership model, right? Because that's their model.
  • That's not our model. Mhm. Thank you.
  • That's why we don't run a membership model, right? Because that's their model.
  • That's not our that that's their model. That's not our model. model. model. >> Mhm.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • But the major lenders do not anticipate having new loan models ready for at least another month or two
  • Pacific and other universities are preparing to do exactly that, although the risk-share models have
  • Pacific and other universities are preparing to do exactly that, although the risk share models have
  • And I think what you've heard today is continue to model cross-sector collaboration because students
  • As you may know, the current cohort tuition model sets a fixed tuition rate for you aid.
Summary: The Assembly Higher Education Committee held an oversight hearing on how federal actions are affecting California higher education, with opening remarks from the chair and members emphasizing the importance of state-federal shared governance and the need to protect access, affordability, and campus diversity. The first panel included leaders from the CSU, University of the Pacific, California Community Colleges, and UC, who described broad impacts from federal grant terminations, changes to student aid, loan limits, visa and immigration policy, and proposed reductions to research support. Testimony focused on the elimination of Grad PLUS loans, caps on Parent PLUS and Pell-related changes, the loss or suspension of hundreds of grants, and the resulting harm to student support services, research, workforce pipelines, food assistance, and health care training. UC and CSU representatives warned of major losses in research funding, indirect cost reimbursement, and student opportunities, while community college leaders highlighted uncertainty around federal grants and the need to maintain services for low-income, first-generation, undocumented, and other vulnerable students. Committee members asked how the state could respond, including through intersegmental partnerships, dual enrollment, transfer pathways, and support for basic needs and nutrition programs. Witnesses said California could help by sustaining financial aid, protecting minority-serving institution programs, and investing in research, housing, and workforce development. Several speakers stressed that federal changes were creating instability for students and campuses, and that the effects would likely be long-lasting, especially in health care, teaching, STEM, and social work pipelines. A second panel then focused on equitable access. The California Student Aid Commission described state efforts such as the $3.9 billion investment in aid programs, the Cal Grant system, the Dream Act, and possible reforms to better serve adult learners, foster youth, undocumented students, and students with dependents. The Los Angeles Community College District reported that federal cuts and policy shifts are discouraging students from applying for aid, threatening TRIO and MSI/HSI-funded services, and reducing support for basic needs, counseling, and workforce programs. The Association of Independent California Colleges and Universities and the CSU Academic Senate echoed concerns about FAFSA confusion, international student restrictions, grant losses, and the erosion of equity-focused programs. No formal votes or legislative actions were taken during the hearing; the committee primarily received testimony and discussed possible state responses.
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • Senate Bill 88 replaces the outdated supervision model with a collaborative model, aligning practice
  • Senate Bill 88 replaces the outdated supervision model with a collaborative model, aligning practice
  • Senate Bill 88 replaces the outdated supervision model with a collaborative model, aligning practice
  • Senate Bill 88 replaces the outdated supervision model with a collaborative model, aligning practice
  • Senate Bill 88 replaces the outdated supervision model with a collaborative model, aligning practice
Summary: The Senate Standing Committee on Licensing and Occupations met on February 18, 2025, and first took up Senate Bill 22 by Senator Reginald Thomas, which was presented as a cleanup measure following prior cosmetology reforms and a Legislative Oversight and Investigations report. The bill would allow cosmetologists to retake exams multiple times with a one-month wait, authorize the Board of Cosmetology to immediately close facilities that intentionally use unlicensed workers while preserving due process, give the board flexibility to hire an executive director based on qualifications rather than licensure, and recognize certain out-of-state or territorial cosmetology licenses. Board officials said the changes were intended to improve fairness, equality, and administrative due process. Senators asked about retesting fees and whether partial retests could dilute standards; Thomas clarified that the exam is cumulative and must be retaken in full. The committee approved SB 22 with all favorable votes, and Senator Meredith explained his support as a workforce and fairness issue. The committee then heard Senate Bill 100 by Senator Jimmy Higdon, as substituted, concerning tobacco, nicotine, and vapor product retail licensing and enforcement. Youth advocates from the University of Kentucky testified in support, describing youth nicotine use as a public health crisis and urging stronger enforcement, annual compliance checks, retailer licensing, and tougher penalties for illegal sales to minors. Higdon said the bill would create a Division of Tobacco, Nicotine, and Vapor Products Licensing within ABC, require licenses for retailers, authorize inspections and confiscation of contraband, impose escalating criminal and civil penalties for unlicensed sales and sales to minors, publish a list of licensed retailers, and dedicate fine revenue to enforcement and youth education. He said the measure targeted bad actors rather than responsible retailers. A retailer witness also supported licensing but raised concerns about contradictory product definitions that could sweep in hemp and medical marijuana vapor products, and asked that the bill be delayed until after an expected Supreme Court decision affecting federal vapor-product rules. The transcript ends during discussion of SB 100, before any committee vote on that bill.
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • And being a model for that, everybody else is catching up to it.
  • And being a model for that, everybody else is catching up to it.
  • And being a model for that, everybody else is catching up to it.
  • And being a model for that, everybody else is catching up to it.
  • Um, and being a model for that and now.
Summary: The Make America Healthy Kentucky Task Force met with a quorum, approved the minutes, and then heard a presentation on the state’s “food is medicine” work from Kentucky Hospital Association and Kentucky Department of Agriculture leaders, including Jim Muser, Holly Harris, and Commissioner Jonathan Shell. The chair framed the discussion around personal wellness, injury prevention, and the broader goal of improving health through better sleep, nutrition, and activity, then asked the presenters to describe current initiatives and any policy changes needed. The witnesses described a partnership linking hospitals and Kentucky farmers to improve health outcomes while supporting rural agriculture. They said the effort has moved beyond the pilot stage and now includes more than 40 hospitals statewide, with programs such as healthier hospital cafeterias, grab-and-go options, farmers markets at hospital sites, subsidized CSA boxes for employees, and medically tailored meals or groceries for patients with chronic conditions. ARH was highlighted as a leading model, with local food procurement, employee wellness efforts, and measurable outcome pilots, including a Russell County Hospital project focused on diabetes, heart disease, and obesity. They also emphasized barriers to scaling the model, including fragmented short-term funding, lack of reimbursement for food-as-medicine programs, and burdensome procurement and testing requirements that can make it difficult for small farmers to participate. The presenters said hospitals are using their own funds or temporary grants to sustain programs and argued that policy changes are needed to simplify sourcing, expand reimbursement pathways, and support clinical measurement of outcomes. No votes or formal actions beyond approving the minutes were taken during the portion provided.
NH

New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session

House Fish and Game and Marine Resources (02/03/2026)

Fish and Game and Marine Resources

Transcript Highlights:
  • It CACR15 locks in the model that works.
  • Colonel Kevin Jordan from New Hampshire Fish and Game. model and we had a comment earlier that model
  • <04:04:45.439> recognizes North American hunting model recognizes North American hunting model
  • Um the North American hunting model?
  • c><04:04:58.399> conservation American model for wildlife conservation American model for wildlife
Keywords: 1189, house, all
NH

New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session

House Finance (01/30/2026)

Finance

Transcript Highlights:
  • <01:11:22.320> about analyst who made lots of models about analyst who made lots of models
  • Um, I, as I said, have an economics degree and I've made far too many market models and economic models
  • <01:18:08.480> and far too many u market models and far too many u market models and economic
  • <01:18:09.280> models.
  • with it forward with this exact model. with it forward with this exact model.
Keywords: 1189, house, all
HI

Hawaii 2025 Regular Session

WAM/FIN Joint Info Briefing - Fri Feb 14, 2025 @ 9:30 AM HST

Hawaii House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • but we now have a through our Hub model but we now have a Road<01:24:57.080> to<01:24:57.280>
  • c> Road to Redemption model which basically Road to Redemption model which basically um<01:25:00.119>
  • , creating a model for public and private partnerships statewide.
  • Our mobile model is effective and sustainable.
  • <03:44:22.840> is ki's future um our mobile model is ki's future um our mobile model is effective
Keywords: 910, house, all
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

No entering into certain civil immigration enforcement agreements with the feds 3/3/26

Minnesota House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • <00:51:28.520> The program called the task force model.
  • The program called the task force model.
  • <00:51:58.200> There<00:51:58.320> are force model of the program.
  • There are force model of the program.
  • <00:52:55.680> of That is what the task force model of That is what the task force model of
Keywords: 1183, house
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • We want to develop funding models for pilot programs.
  • 00:30:36.159> pilot develop funding models for pilot develop funding models for pilot programs
  • So you could take the wage assessment that we use presently and apply this model to it.
  • You know, right apply this model to it.
  • Or other models that are this framework.
Summary: The committee met for its third interim meeting, approved the prior meeting minutes, and heard a presentation from the Metals Innovation Initiative (MI2) on Kentucky’s metals industry. Speakers described metals manufacturing and recycling as a major economic backbone for the Commonwealth, including steel, aluminum, stainless steel, and copper operations, with broad impacts across production, fabrication, supply chains, and related businesses. They emphasized that the industry supports high-paying jobs, significant capital investment in Kentucky, and is aligned with broader efforts to expand U.S. manufacturing. A central theme was workforce development. MI2 leaders said the industry faces a persistent talent gap and that current education programs do not always produce the skills needed for modern metals jobs. They argued for stronger exposure and awareness, more direct industry involvement, and a dedicated metals career pathway through high schools, area technology centers, career and technical centers, and KCTCS. They also described pilot efforts in Logan, Warren, and Carroll counties that would introduce students to metals careers in middle school, move them into credits and pathways in high school, and connect them to internships, apprenticeships, and postsecondary training. Recycling and supply-chain security were the other major topics. Testimony stressed that recycled inputs are far cheaper than raw ore extraction and that recycling is increasingly important to competitiveness, environmental performance, and keeping materials from leaving the U.S. Speakers also raised concerns about China’s large steel and aluminum capacity and said unfair trade and global market manipulation make it harder for Kentucky producers to compete. Committee members and presenters framed MI2 as a collaborative effort among industry, state government, and academia to strengthen workforce pipelines, recycling, and long-term industry growth. No votes or formal actions were taken beyond approving the minutes.
NM
Transcript Highlights:
  • model.
  • We got to continue finding models. That do it.
  • That would be what the model would predicate.
  • The coordinated care model that some people have talked about in other states is based on the model I'm
  • So going through the stakeholder model...
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • filed this bill back at the start of the session, the PAs were wanting to move from a supervisory model
  • filed this bill back at the start of the session, the PAs were wanting to move from a supervisory model
  • And what this legislation does now, it continues the supervision model.
  • c> there's<00:25:20.560> no<00:25:20.679> way<00:25:20.800> I supervision model
  • So, there's no way I supervision model.
Keywords: 958, all
Summary: The Senate Standing Committee on Health Services met with a quorum and first took up Senate Joint Resolution 116, sponsored by President Stivers. The resolution directs the University of Kentucky, the University of Louisville, and Eastern Kentucky University to work over the next year on a statewide framework to improve health care access, especially in underserved and unserved areas. Members discussed physician shortages, maldistribution of doctors, recruitment and retention, loan forgiveness, scholarships, technology, and the connection between health care access and economic development in rural Kentucky. The resolution was reported favorably on a unanimous roll call vote. The committee then considered Senate Bill 116, relating to physician assistants and a shift from a supervisory to a collaborative practice model. The sponsor and PA witnesses explained that the bill was heavily revised through a committee substitute after discussions with the Kentucky Medical Association, physicians, and hospitals. They said the substitute keeps physician supervision in place while allowing health care teams to function more efficiently, and they emphasized that the bill is intended to improve access to care, particularly in rural areas with few doctors. Some members supported the compromise and the collaboration, while others raised concerns that expanding PA practice could worsen long-term physician shortages or reduce incentives for doctors to practice in rural Kentucky. The bill passed the committee 7-2 with favorable expression.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Hortman Remembrance 2/17/26

Minnesota House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Melissa was the only House Speaker I have had the honor to serve under, and every day she modeled the
  • learn to lead in a better way, rooted in respect, giving grace to those around us, a way that was modeled
  • <00:35:32.000> by around us, a way that was modeled by around us, a way that was modeled by
  • But Melissa left us the model.
  • <00:44:19.520> Let's But Melissa left us the model. Let's But Melissa left us the model.
Keywords: 1183, house
KY

Kentucky 2026 Regular Session

House Standing Committee on Primary and Secondary Education. (1-21-26)

Primary and Secondary Education

Transcript Highlights:
  • We removed to not include the three cueing system model of word reading. >> Okay, we have any questions
  • We removed to not include the three cueing system model of word reading. >> Okay, we have any questions
  • Uh, and the second, it removes, on page 4, section 7B, the three cueing system model of word reading.
  • Uh, and the second, it removes, on page 4, section 7B, the three cueing system model of word reading.
  • include the three queuing system model include the three queuing system model of<00:21:07.200>
Keywords: 958, all
Summary: The House Standing Committee on Primary and Secondary Education met for its first meeting of the session, reviewed basic committee rules, and took attendance before considering two bills. The chair emphasized civility, no signs in the room, and deadlines for committee substitutes and amendments. House Bill 416, sponsored by Representative Clines, would change teacher-preparation admissions by replacing an entrance test score requirement with a formative assessment approach while retaining exit examinations for teacher certification. KDE witnesses said the bill would reduce barriers, provide programs with data to support students, and not lower standards. Members asked about content-specific preparation, whether the bill would water down standards, and available data on current entry-test barriers. Several members spoke in support, citing the teacher shortage and the value of giving more candidates a path into education. The committee approved HB 416 unanimously and sent it to the House floor with a favorable expression of opinion. House Bill 389, sponsored by Representative Hein, would define dysgraphia, require KDE to annually update the dyslexia toolkit, support district professional development and coaching, require local boards to develop screener/diagnostic processes, and require postsecondary teacher programs to include dyslexia instruction. A committee substitute made technical changes, including an IDEA citation and removal of specific three-cueing language in favor of evidence-based practices. Testimony stressed that dyslexia is not the same as special education eligibility and that early identification and intervention are needed. Members discussed the low number of districts with related policies, the quality of approved screeners, and the need for more local and regional support services. The committee approved HB 389 with the committee substitute attached and sent it to the House floor with a favorable expression of opinion.