Video & Transcript : 'conservation futures program' :
Page 208 of 500
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- </c> future together. future together.
- It is a cleaner education programs.
- And so we've already set up some programs. Here's a special little program for somebody.
- Here's a special little programs.
- </c> we are shorting them on their futures. we are shorting them on their futures.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
- We’re going to leverage our federal program, which is the NIST M program, which helps manufacturers and
- </c> Mainland company are with this program Mainland company are with this program are<00:29:20.799><
- I just wanted to summarize that the basic goal of this program is that there are programs within the
- I just wanted to summarize that the basic goal of this program is that there are programs within the
- program special fund.
Committee:
Senate Economic Development and Tourism
Summary:
The committee heard several bills, beginning with HB 934 on broadband and digital equity. Testifiers from the Lieutenant Governor’s office, the Office of Enterprise and Technology Services, DCCA, the University system, the Hawaii State Council on Developmental Disabilities, and others generally supported the measure and emphasized the need to coordinate broadband efforts, fund operations, and expand access to high-speed internet, devices, and digital navigation services. The Chamber of Commerce and West Coast Comprehensive Health Center supported the bill but objected to HD1 language excluding broadband infrastructure for retail service, warning it could create unintended consequences and limit community-led or rural projects. The Lieutenant Governor explained the state expects roughly $400 million to $500 million in federal broadband funding, described the bill as consolidating efforts under a broadband office attached to the CIO, and said the office would focus on infrastructure, devices, and training. No vote was taken on HB 934 in the portion provided.
The committee then took up HB 97 on travel insurance. The Insurance Division said it had no major problem with the product but requested technical changes to align with licensing requirements and noted the bill largely codifies practices already used in the industry. Industry witnesses from Allianz and the U.S. Travel Insurance Association said the measure would create a consistent framework, add consumer protections, and align Hawaii with the NAIC model adopted in many other states. Members questioned whether there was a specific problem the bill was solving, and the division responded that it was mainly a framework and form-review measure rather than a response to a known enforcement issue. The bill was discussed but no final action was reported in the excerpt.
HB 448 on technology enablement drew broad support from the Hawaii Technology Development Corporation, the Chamber of Commerce, the Food Industry Association, and other business representatives. Supporters said the measure would help businesses use technology such as digital platforms, e-commerce, robotics, and AR/VR to improve competitiveness, especially in tourism and other sectors. Committee members pressed for clearer scope, cost estimates, and assurances that local companies would be used; the agency said it would prioritize local-first contracting, use federal NIST-related support where possible, and estimated an initial request of about $200,000, though it could not give a firm total. Members expressed concern that the plan was still too undefined. The committee then began HB 455 on small business loans, where the Attorney General suggested explaining why a special fund is needed, and a witness from H Collaborative said the bill would help startup businesses that struggle most to access capital.
MS
Mississippi 2026 Regular Session
Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks - Room 210, 2 February, 2026; 3:00 P.M.
Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks
Transcript Highlights:
- should be the first to benefit from the conservation efforts.
- should be the first to benefit from the conservation efforts.
- should be the first to benefit from the conservation efforts.
- should be the first to benefit from the conservation efforts.
- Uh this is the lifetime conservation legacy license.
Committee:
Joint Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Floor Session 5/9/25 - Part 2
Minnesota House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- ,</c> other workforce plans and programs, other workforce plans and programs, we're<00:03:40.400><c>
- </c><00:04:54.080><c> This</c> business assistance program. This business assistance program.
- </c> the resource available to that program. the resource available to that program.
- to the IPS program because of a surplus in one program and a deficit in the other.
- </c> 6,000 people that were in the program. 6,000 people that were in the program.
WA
Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Environment & Energy Jan 15th, 2026 at 08:00 am
Environment & Energy
Transcript Highlights:
- , an equity study, and a process to receive input about the program.
- I'm the solid waste program manager at the Department of Ecology.
- the delivery and management of solid waste programs.
- the delivery and management of solid waste programs.
- Given the fact that this bill does assume a role of the EPR program in the management of this program
Committee:
House Environment & Energy
Keywords:
textile responsibility, recycling, sustainability, environmental impact, consumer protection, waste reduction, environment, retail, bags, pollution, consumer products, plastic, environmental policy, postconsumer waste, microplastics, environmental protection, washing machines, water quality, litter reduction, public health
AZ
Arizona 2026 Regular Session
02/10/2026 - House Democratic Caucus Calendar #5
Transcript Highlights:
- It's still not enough to fully fund the program.
- Becca, who is the Conservative Grassroots Network?
- Madam Chair, the programs and options were also proposed... Thank you.
- SAVE program, which is the Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements program in the federal government
- The program again starts at 11. Wonderful, thank you. The program starts at 11.
Summary:
The committee worked through a very long minority caucus calendar covering a wide range of bills, with many items being described and then either left on consent, pulled from consent, or noted for votes. Topics included bullion and state depository proposals, a produce incentive appropriation, a biennial budget change, veterans services funding, driver licensing and traffic enforcement measures, procurement and public records changes, school board and school facilities rules, SNAP work requirements and verification, child welfare and juvenile justice provisions, housing and homelessness measures, energy and fuel policy, election administration, and several tax, commerce, and licensing bills. Members repeatedly raised concerns about constitutionality, federal preemption, duplication of existing law, and whether some measures were policy priorities that had been vetoed in prior sessions and were returning unchanged.
Several bills drew extended debate. Members objected to English-proficiency requirements for commercial drivers and motor carriers, arguing federal law and the supremacy clause would bar them. Earned wage access regulation prompted strong opposition over consumer harm, overdraft cycles, and high effective APRs. School-related bills were criticized for overregulating public schools while not imposing similar requirements on ESA/private-school programs, especially on fingerprint clearance and reporting. SNAP-related bills were also opposed as setting unrealistic mandates and repeating vetoed proposals. Other contested measures included a drag-show criminalization bill, a bill restricting photo enforcement, a bill limiting local regulation of unmanned aircraft, and a bill conforming Arizona tax law to federal changes, which members said would benefit wealthy taxpayers and corporations without a clear funding source.
The committee also heard a number of supportive or less controversial measures, including bills on veterans awareness, dementia care telemonitoring, Braille transcription funding, CPA licensure pathways, cash acceptance by retailers, and some child safety and court administration changes. Several bills were pulled from consent for further discussion, while others were noted as having unanimous or near-unanimous votes. The meeting ended with caucus announcements, including an affordability award presentation, an upcoming Latino Caucus discussion on community land trusts, and an invitation to African American Legislative Day activities, followed by adjournment.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Rep. Lisa Demuth departing member remarks 5/18/26
Minnesota House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- But my hope for the future of the House of Representatives is we would learn to do this a little bit
- We were conservative.
- We were<00:05:05.480><c> conservative.
- We always voted, but were conservative.
- </c> the future, and we can't stop with that. the future, and we can't stop with that.
Summary:
Speaker Lisa Demuth delivered a closing floor speech reflecting on the Minnesota House’s 94th session under a tied chamber, emphasizing that the tie forced bipartisan negotiation from the start and that everything passed had to be bipartisan. She said she hoped future members would learn from that experience and continue working together, even when political agreement is difficult. She also noted her gratitude for the opportunity to serve as Speaker and for the chance to help guide the chamber through a historic session.
Much of the speech was personal and appreciative. Demuth thanked her family, including her husband, children, grandchildren, and especially her mother, who closely followed her work and often texted her questions about procedure and bills. She also mentioned the sacrifices of legislative service, her own growth in politics, and the importance of maintaining awe and respect for the institution. She recalled her relationship with former Speaker Melissa Hortman and said Hortman’s practice of meeting weekly despite political differences showed the value of getting to know one another personally before doing legislative work.
Demuth also thanked House staff, including partisan and nonpartisan staff such as research, revisers, HR, budget, and accounting, and acknowledged colleagues who worked through the tie and difficult negotiations. She closed by quoting Nehemiah, saying “the joy of the Lord is my strength,” and encouraged members to leave places better than they found them. The speech ended with applause; no votes or formal legislative actions were taken in the excerpt.
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine big fixes for big tech. Apr 1st, 2025 at 01:30 pm
Competition Policy, Antitrust, and Consumer Rights Subcommittee
Transcript Highlights:
- I care deeply about these issues and how we ensure a free and plural press into the future.
- As I recall, Chair Lee, you previously said this is not a bill that's either liberal or conservative.
- conservative.
- Imagine a future where consumers can comparison shop between different search engines across features
- I think that our future and the next generation are depending on us to do it. So thank you.
Keywords:
antitrust, competition policy, digital advertising, monopoly, America Act, big tech, consumer rights
Summary:
The meeting, titled 'Big Fixes, Big Tech', marked the first hearing of the Senate antitrust competition policy and consumer rights subcommittee in the 119th Congress. Chairman Lee opened the session focusing on the urgent need for effective solutions regarding anti-competitive behavior among major tech firms like Google and Facebook, highlighting several ongoing court cases regarding monopolistic practices in the digital advertising and search markets. Key discussions included the limitations imposed on small businesses and innovation due to the dominance of these tech giants, with many testimonies advocating for stronger legislative measures, including the America Act. The act aims to disrupt the monopolistic capabilities of these firms and restore competitive integrity in the marketplace, which has suffered under their oppressive market control.
WA
Transcript Highlights:
- The future of work is less secure.
- District in a rural county, we've never had after-school programs.
- Child care programs run on narrow margins.
- Child care programs run on narrow margins.
- This bill is a chance to protect our future and prevent cuts to health care.
Committee:
House Finance
WY
Wyoming 2026 Regular Session
Joint Travel, Recreation, Wildlife & Cultural Resources, May 27, 2026 - PM
Travel, Recreation, Wildlife & Cultural Resources
Transcript Highlights:
- , an analysis of the programs in five or six of our neighboring states.
- Wyoming who was doing an externship with me do an analysis of Wyoming's program, an analysis of the programs
- ,</c><00:16:23.519><c> wildlife</c> impactful conservation, wildlife impactful conservation, wildlife
- </c> working relationship from these programs working relationship from these programs that<01:05:02.160
- </c><01:30:45.760><c> legislature</c> we're going to tell future legislature we're going to tell future
HI
Hawaii 2025 Regular Session
ACT 310, SLH 2025 Nonprofit Grants Program Info Briefing - Thu Nov 20, 2025 @ 9:00 AM HST
Hawaii House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Residents who rely on programs like SNAP and WIC underwent uncertainty and quite a bit of stress.
- Just as we emerge from the shutdown, it's still not clear what the future may bring, and we still may
- Just as we emerge from the shutdown, it's still not clear what the future may bring, and we still may
- Honolulu Community Action Program, 350,000. Honolulu Theater for Youth, 300,000.
- Palihoa Conservation Initiative, 76,000. Partners in Development Foundation, 750,000.
Summary:
The hearing was an informational briefing on Act 310, which set aside $50 million to support Hawaii nonprofits facing uncertainty, including organizations affected by federal funding disruptions. The chair and Senate co-chair thanked Aloha United Way for handling applications, as well as the governor, lieutenant governor, legislative leadership, and House and Senate members for helping craft the measure and review the needs statewide. They noted the process drew more than 200 applications totaling over $150 million, showing demand far exceeded available funds, and encouraged unsuccessful applicants to apply again through the regular grant-and-aid process in January.
The Senate co-chair explained that the committee prioritized organizations serving healthcare, human services, education, the arts, food distribution, and at-risk populations, especially amid concerns about SNAP, WIC, federal employees, and possible future disruptions. The co-chair then read a long list of recommended awardees and funding amounts, including major allocations to groups such as Boys and Girls Club of the Big Island, Child and Family Service, Goodwill Industries of Hawaii, Hawaii Food Bank, The Food Basket, West Hawaii Community Health Center, and several YWCA and YMCA organizations, among many others.
After the awards list was read, the chair asked for discussion or objections. Hearing none, the list of nonprofit awards was adopted, and the informational briefing was adjourned.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- </c><00:25:43.559><c> excuse</c> found that 53,000 degree programs excuse found that 53,000 degree programs
- in March of 2024. future our third systemwide support future our third systemwide support strategy<00
- working on the emergency grants program working on the emergency grants program was<00:53:39.079><c>
- </c> generate knowledge to train our future generate knowledge to train our future Workforce<01:00:18.039
- </c><01:04:44.000><c> the</c> Healthcare Workforce in the future the Healthcare Workforce in the future
Committee:
Senate Higher Education
AZ
Transcript Highlights:
- Thank you for all you do for the communities across Arizona while preserving traditions, educating future
- A billion-dollar hole in our state's future that benefits those at the very top while leaving everyone
- Out our future. This is the path we should be taking.
- I want you to know that water conservation is something that the...
- I know that water conservation is something that the state should do out of love, and Valentine's Day
Summary:
The House convened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, guest introductions, and a proclamation recognizing February 2026 as American Heart Month, with Representative Willoughby emphasizing CPR and AED readiness. Members also welcomed students and guests from Wilcox Christian School, the Arizona State Fair Association, and other visitors. The chamber then handled routine business including attendance, journal approval, committee assignments, and first and second readings of numerous bills.
The Committee of the Whole considered several measures, including HB 2016, HB 2133, HB 2223, HB 2459, HB 2501, and HB 2785. Most received do-pass recommendations after brief explanations and amendments. HB 2785, a major tax conformity bill, drew the most debate: supporters said it would align Arizona law with federal tax changes, prevent taxpayers from having to amend returns, and provide certainty during filing season, while opponents argued it would create a large revenue loss and benefit corporations and the wealthy without a clear funding plan. The committee adopted the Ways and Means amendment to HB 2785 by a 31-22 division vote, and the bill ultimately received a do-pass recommendation.
Back on the floor, the House adopted the Committee of the Whole report and sent HB 2016, HB 2133, HB 2123, HB 2459, HB 2501, and HB 2785 to engrossing. In third reading, HB 2029, HB 2120, HB 2126, and HB 2131 passed, while HB 2045 failed on a 19-36 vote and then failed again on a reconsideration motion by 25-27. Members then made several personal privilege remarks about legislative process, representation, and Black History Month, and the House adjourned until the following Wednesday afternoon.
AZ
Transcript Highlights:
- Thank you for all you do for the communities across Arizona while preserving traditions, educating future
- a simple technicality, but let's call it what it really is: a billion-dollar hole in our state's future
- It's been stated that... out our future. This is the path we should be taking.
- I want you to know that water conservation is something that the...
- I know that water conservation is something that the state should do out of love, and Valentine's Day
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Special Joint Committee on Initiative Petitions Mar 31st, 2026
Special Joint Committee on Initiative Petitions
Transcript Highlights:
- Listening to pro-jungle primary arguments reminds me of the 90s when conservatives said tax cuts would
- The financial hedge fund backers of this ballot initiative want more conservative candidates.
- The financial hedge fund backers of this ballot initiative want more conservative candidates.
- And that's the future jungle primary visions.
- elections, which I think What it means to them in future elections.
Bills:
H5001
FL
Transcript Highlights:
- known as the IDD pilot program, that was established in 2023.
- Participation in the pilot program is completely voluntary.
- They would return to a comparable waiver program.
- liaison provides the voice and direction of the program.
- I think it is a good program that we're setting up.
Committee:
Senate Appropriations
Summary:
The Appropriations Committee met with a quorum and considered a series of bills, most of them receiving favorable reports. SB 132, as amended, would require the Department of Financial Services to contract for a study on whether Florida should recognize gold and silver as legal tender; an amendment advanced the report deadline to December 1, 2025, and the bill was reported favorably. SB 1050, also amended, expands the intellectual and developmental disabilities managed care pilot program statewide, emphasizes that enrollment is voluntary, adds transparency and reporting requirements for APD, creates a statewide family care council, and requires related studies and coordination; it was reported favorably after supportive testimony about reducing the APD wait list. SB 820 codifies the Office of Faith and Community in the Governor’s office, and the bill drew extended debate over church-state separation and concerns about political activity by the office; despite opposition from several senators, it was reported favorably. SB 1060 creates a joint legislative oversight committee for Medicaid financing and operations, with supporters citing the size of the program and the need for stronger legislative review; it passed favorably. SB 7032 presumes Medicaid eligibility for permanently disabled individuals receiving certain long-term services during redetermination, to prevent gaps in care, and was reported favorably with broad support. SB 12, a claim bill for a minor injured in a DCF-related case, was also reported favorably without opposition.
The committee also approved several infrastructure and tax-related measures. SJR 318 proposes an ad valorem exemption for certain tangible personal property used in agriculture or agritourism, such as equipment and tractors, and was reported favorably with support from agricultural and business groups. SB 818, as amended, revises utility relocation funding for public road and rail projects, shifting the financing structure after constitutional concerns were raised and adding a $50 million grant program; it passed after discussion of the impact on local governments and utilities. SB 1348 modernizes DMV services through tax collectors, adds a distracted driving course option, bans appointment scalping, and extends certain disabled parking permit terms; it was reported favorably. SB 1664 requires voter reapproval of local taxes, including tourist development taxes and local option sales taxes, when they expire, with special rules for taxes tied to revenue bonds; it drew significant debate over impacts on tourism-dependent counties and was reported favorably despite opposition from some members and local government groups. SB 1050, SB 820, SB 1060, SB 7032, SB 12, SJR 318, SB 818, SB 1348, and SB 1664 all received favorable committee votes, and the meeting ended with final missed-vote requests and adjournment.
NY
New York 2025-2026 Regular Session
New York State Senate Session - 05/18/2026
New York Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- And thanks to the incredible 4-H educator at CCE, the impact of this program is statewide. 4-Hers can
- AND THANKS TO THE INCREDIBLE 4H EDUCATOR AT CCE, THE IMPACT OF THIS PROGRAM IS STATEWIDE. 4HERS CAN BE
- Your hard work, your dedication, and your willingness to get involved are exactly what make programs
- He spent countless hours personally improving the community in a lasting way for future generations.
- Calendar 954, Senate Print 10042, Senator May, an act to amend the Environmental Conservation Law.
Summary:
The Senate opened with routine proceedings, approved the prior day’s journal, and then took up a budget extender. Senator Serrano’s appropriation bill was recalled from the Assembly, reconsidered, amended, and sent through Rules to the floor. During debate, senators discussed the ongoing delay in finalizing the state budget, the 13th extender, school aid payments, the Yonkers school district payment, and unresolved issues such as Tier 6 retirement changes and other budget policy items. The extender was passed 57-2 after debate, with senators pressing for more transparency about the budget negotiations and the majority responding that those issues were not germane to the extender.
The chamber then recognized several resolutions and guests. Senators spoke in support of Resolution 1948 honoring New York State 4-H and its Capital Days participants, Resolution 2054 commemorating Italian American Day, and Resolution 1620 mourning Denis Michael Troy of Rockland County. The Italian American Day resolution drew extensive remarks from many senators about family histories, immigration, cultural contributions, scholarships, and community traditions, and the Senate welcomed honored guests from the Italian American community. The Rosalyn Yalow Charter School fencing team was also introduced, along with the family of Denis Troy.
The Senate then moved through a long calendar of bills, passing measures on public service, city administrative code, municipal law, correction law, criminal procedure, real property tax, education, social services, public health, executive law, parks, judiciary, and alcoholic beverage control, among others. Several members explained votes on bills related to ratepayer protection, hip-hop lyrics in criminal cases, sovereign nations and gaming compacts, and the Traveling with Dignity Act requiring adult changing stations in public facilities. Most bills passed with broad support, though some drew notable negative votes. The Senate completed the calendar and adjourned until Tuesday, May 19, at 3:00 p.m.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Not sure they would be there without that program, and HB 18 extends that.
- And then the program later recommended that the daughter be hospitalized.
- SB 577 offers to protect the well-being and future stability of so many.
- We would find housing programs. We would help them fill out the application.
- If we used a more conservative calculation, If we used a more conservative calculation and looked at
Bills:
HB18 , HB37 , HB 116 , HB388 , HB879 , HB913 , HB 1151 , HB2216 , HB2358 , HB2809 , SB577 , SB1590 , SB1782 , SB1887 , SB2744
Committee:
Senate Health & Human Services
Keywords:
rural health, hospital funding, healthcare access, mental health services, financial stability, perinatal bereavement, healthcare, hospital training, bereavement support, maternal care, fetal demise, stillbirth, neonatal death, parent-child relationship, involuntary termination, family law, child welfare, child protection, HB 388, HB388
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Health and Human Services met with a quorum and took up several House and Senate bills, with public testimony limited to two minutes per witness. The committee first heard HB 2358, a cleanup bill requested by HHSC that would repeal outdated training and conference requirements for long-term care facility surveyors and certain providers; there were no witnesses, and the bill was left pending. The committee then heard HB 18, the rural hospital stabilization bill, which would create financial assessment tools, a rural hospital finance office at HHSC, an academy for rural hospital officers, multiple grant programs, enhanced Medicaid reimbursement tied to average cost, OB/GYN add-on payments, expanded pediatric telehealth connectivity, and a rural pediatric mental health program. Senator Perry and witnesses from TORCH, a rural hospital, AARP Texas, and ARCHI strongly supported the bill as a way to stabilize rural hospitals, improve OB access, and address workforce and financial pressures. Committee members discussed rural hospital closures, low-volume quality metrics, system affiliation, and the need for predictable monthly reimbursement; the bill was left pending after testimony and questions.
The committee next heard HB 37, which would create a perinatal bereavement care initiative for families experiencing stillbirth, neonatal death, or intrauterine fetal demise, including counseling, staff training, and access to cooling devices, with possible grants and a recognition program for hospitals. Senator Huffman explained the bill, and several witnesses testified in support, sharing personal stories about infant loss and the importance of time with the baby, trained staff, and cuddle cots or similar devices. A neonatologist also supported the bill while suggesting clarification that hospitals should not be penalized if state funding is unavailable and recommending use of regional advisory councils to help implement training. Public testimony was then closed and the bill left pending. The committee also heard HB 879, which would create a streamlined licensing pathway for veterans with medical or nursing experience to practice in Texas, and HB 913, which would add new state hospitals to statute and split the North Texas State Hospital into two separate hospitals with their own superintendents; both bills had no opposition testimony and were left pending.
Later, the committee heard SB 2744, a heart disease screening bill that would update the 2009 Texas Heart Attack Prevention Act to require insurance coverage for coronary CT angiography with plaque analysis, including soft plaque detection, as a preventive screening tool. The author and invited witnesses argued the technology is more effective than calcium scoring alone, can identify patients before symptoms appear, and could save lives at a cost comparable to or lower than colonoscopy. An insurance industry witness opposed the bill, arguing the technology has not been recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force for universal screening and that the mandated coverage and payment level would raise costs; the bill was left pending after testimony. Finally, the committee heard HB 1151, a parental rights bill clarifying that refusing psychotropic medication or psychiatric treatment is not neglect unless the child is harmed. Supporters, including parent advocates and attorneys, said the bill would protect parents from CPS overreach and preserve medical decision-making authority, while one witness urged broader attention to physical causes of behavioral issues. Public testimony was closed and HB 1151 was left pending.
NH
New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session
House Municipal and County Government (01/23/2026)
Municipal and County Government
Transcript Highlights:
- </c> type of program? type of program?
- But clearly, if in the future a value.
- Borrowing today binds our future residents, who never consented to the obligation.
- Borrowing today binds our future residents, who never consented to the obligation.
- And that's very different than a future.
Committee:
House Municipal and County Government
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- TCEQ already has an expedited program for all air permits. Thank you, sir. Mr. Barr. Thank you.
- For purposes of the pilot program, an initial distance of 10 miles is considered.
- I got to have the data that at least gives me some idea that if this event occurs in the future.
- Where a future circumstance of a quarry in a cement kiln operating close to...
- We want to contribute to the state of Texas and its future economic growth, and we believe our...
Committee:
Senate Natural Resources
Keywords:
rock crushing, permits, air quality, environmental monitoring, aggregate production, seismicity, public meeting, land use, SB 1758, cement kiln, portland cement, aggregate production operation, aggregate quarry, semiconductor wafer manufacturing, chip fabrication, semiconductor plant, vibration, seismic disturbance, liability limitation, TCEQ