Transcript Highlights:

• bit of data here on, so when it comes to the cost savings, some of it comes from eliminating the redundancy
• bit of data here on, so when it comes to the cost savings, some of it comes from eliminating the redundancy

Summary: The Health and Human Services Committee heard a lengthy agenda of health care and public health bills. The first major item was HB 649, which would remove the paper supervision protocol for certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) and allow autonomous practice. The sponsor and supporters argued it would improve access, especially in rural areas, address workforce shortages, and reduce costs, while opponents from the medical community raised patient safety concerns and argued it would weaken physician oversight. After extensive testimony and debate, the committee reported the bill favorably by a vote of 18-7. The committee then unanimously advanced several other measures. HB 259, creating a special observance for fentanyl awareness and education, passed 23-0. HB 791, which codifies infant safety devices as an option for surrendering newborns and amends safe-haven law, passed as amended 25-0. HB 355, allowing schools to use FDA-approved emergency opioid antagonists rather than only naloxone, passed 26-0. HB 1119, requiring hospitals with emergency departments to adopt pediatric readiness policies, training, coordination, and assessment requirements, also passed 26-0 after two amendments. HB 431, changing the date for level-two background screening of athletic coaches to July 1, 2026, passed 26-0. Later, the committee approved CS for HB 907, the Florida Institute for Pediatric Rare Diseases or “Sunshine Genetics Act,” which would establish an opt-in newborn genome sequencing program at FSU and a statewide consortium for rare disease research; supporters emphasized earlier diagnosis and cost savings, and the bill passed 25-0. CS for HB 519, aligning state law with federal law on controlled substances for paramedics, passed 25-0. Finally, CS for HB 723, requiring the Department of Health to provide early-detection materials for type 1 diabetes to families of young schoolchildren, passed as amended 26-0. The meeting adjourned after all bills were reported favorably.

Transcript Highlights:

• This process is inefficient and redundant since the production areas are already part of the larger permitted
• that was passed last session and it cleared both chambers and this just eliminates some of the redundancy

Bills: HB279 , HB310 , HB365 , HB391 , HB420 , HB422 , HB638 , HB279 , HB310

Committee: House Natural Resources

Keywords: HB 279, uranium mining, uranium permit, production area authorization, production zone, Texas Water Code, TCEQ, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, contested case hearing, administrative hearing, groundwater restoration, groundwater baseline, water quality, mining permit, restoration values, natural resources, environmental regulation, in-situ uranium mining, permit amendment, public hearing

Transcript Highlights:

• So I guess, and I don't want to run the risk of being redundant, my concern here is that the bill, and
• think, certainly from my standpoint, there's serious concerns about the legal, again, I'm being redundant
• About the legal, again, I'm being redundant, the legality, the constitutionality, and really the national

Committee: Joint Joint Committee on Veterans and Federal Affairs

Summary: The committee held a hybrid public hearing on seven House bills and seven Senate bills related to the Massachusetts National Guard and U.S. Armed Forces Reserves. Opening remarks covered hearing procedures, livestreaming, testimony limits, and expected reporting dates, and chairs noted the committee’s focus on Guard and Reserve issues. Testimony then moved through several bills, including S. 2465 to expand the National Guard welcome-home veterans bonus to all deployed Guard members regardless of residency, H. 3876/S. 2462 to authorize military-style headstones for long-serving or deceased Guard members, and S. 2482/H. 3833 to establish a Massachusetts National Guard Museum in Salem. Supporters of the bonus and headstone bills argued they would correct inequities and better honor service; Senator Lovely described the museum proposal as a way to preserve the Guard’s history in Salem and potentially support federal funding for the project. A major portion of the hearing focused on H. 3829/S. 2471, the “Defend the Guard” proposal that would bar Massachusetts National Guard deployments into active combat absent a formal congressional declaration of war. Supporters argued the bill would restore constitutional war powers, reduce repeated undeclared deployments, and protect Guard members’ mental health and state readiness. Opponents, including retired Guard leaders and current service members, warned it could conflict with federal law and Title 10 authority, undermine federal funding and training, and harm readiness, force structure, and unique Guard capabilities. Committee members repeatedly questioned the bill’s legal authority, constitutional basis, and practical effects under the Supremacy Clause and Title 10, and several witnesses were asked to submit additional written legal support. The committee also heard testimony on H. 3831, which would extend Chapter 115 benefits to currently serving Guard and Reserve members who do not meet federal veteran-status thresholds, and on related proposals to clarify Guard command structure and the duties of the Adjutant General. Supporters said these changes would improve access to benefits, reduce confusion in the chain of command, and strengthen discipline and responsiveness. Separately, the National Guard Association of Massachusetts backed H. 3860/S. 2458, the Guard Enlistment Enhancement Program, as a recruiting tool, while opposing the Defend the Guard bills. No votes were taken during the hearing.

Transcript Highlights:

• I really will not be redundant here because I am Shauna Garen.
• It's kind of a redundancy that seemed very inconsistent to me.
• that they loan the money to but we're paying for them to loan the money back to us it's kind of a redundancy

Summary: The commission met to continue studying credit card payments, interchange fees, fraud, chargebacks, and the impact of card processing costs on small businesses, especially restaurants and retailers. Members heard extensive testimony from credit unions, retailers, restaurant owners, payment-industry representatives, and an airline trade group. Supporters of reform argued that swipe fees are a major and rising expense, that businesses are paying fees on sales tax and tips that are merely pass-through amounts, and that merchants have little negotiating power. Several restaurant and retail witnesses described thin margins, higher costs for card-not-present transactions, and chargebacks that they said usually favor cardholders and leave merchants absorbing losses and fees. Witnesses from the Cooperative Credit Union Association cautioned that state-level interchange regulation could reduce revenue used for fraud prevention, compliance, and member services, and could lead to higher rates or reduced access. Retail and restaurant representatives countered that fees have risen sharply, that statements are difficult to decipher, and that rewards programs and card-network pricing are subsidized by merchants and ultimately by all consumers. The Massachusetts Restaurant Association and independent operators urged legislation to bar fees on tax and tip portions of transactions and to allow businesses to pass along card fees if they choose, saying this would improve transparency and fairness and help keep small restaurants open. Other testimony came from the National Restaurant Association, which supported interchange reform and said modern point-of-sale systems can already separate tax and tip amounts, and from a payments-industry group that emphasized the broader economic benefits of digital payments and warned against state-by-state rules. Airlines for America opposed changes that could undermine airline credit card rewards programs. Commission members asked detailed questions about fee structures, card types, chargebacks, POS systems, and whether consumers paying cash are also affected. No votes or formal actions were taken at the meeting.

Transcript Highlights:

• Chair, Gina, so have you, like, and this, I know it's going to sound redundant...
• Chair, Gina, so have you, like, in this—I know it's going to sound redundant, but I'm asking because
• Chair, Gina, so have you, like, and this, I know it's going to sound redundant, but I'm asking because

Bills: SB1254 , SB1431 , SB1478 , SB1566 , SB1787

Committees: House Commerce , House House Commerce Committee of Reference

Keywords: workers' compensation, industrial commission, safety regulations, employee protection, penalties, compliance, liquor, alcohol, spirituous liquor, liquor license, liquor licensing, Arizona Department of Liquor Licenses and Control, restaurant to-go cocktails, mixed cocktails, off-premises sales, alcohol delivery, delivery contractor, registered alcohol delivery contractor, age verification, tamperproof seal

Transcript Highlights:

• And I said this last year, and I'm sorry if I sound redundant, but, you know, we teach how tadpoles become
• And I said this last year, and I'm sorry if I sound redundant, but, you know, we teach how tadpoles become
• And I'm sorry if I sound redundant, but, you know, we teach how tadpoles become frogs, and we teach how

Summary: The subcommittee first heard HB 461, which would allow registered or preregistered students to volunteer at polling locations to earn community service hours, including on weekends. The sponsor and several supporters, including the Duval County Supervisor of Elections and League of Women Voters representatives, said the bill would promote civic education and give students firsthand experience with elections. After brief questions and overwhelmingly supportive testimony, the committee voted unanimously to report HB 461 favorably. The committee then took up HB 1071, an omnibus education bill described by the sponsor as reinforcing parental rights, student safety, early learning accountability, and oversight of scholarship and instructional programs. Members adopted eight amendments, including provisions on charter school discipline during improvement plans, child care and attendance accountability, medically accurate embryologic/fetal development materials, school space calculations, reading notifications, law enforcement access to campuses and canine units, lab school admissions criteria, and the composition of the FHSAA advisory council. Debate and testimony focused heavily on the bill’s provisions restricting DEI- and activism-related spending, the fetal development video requirement, and the law enforcement amendment; supporters framed the bill as promoting merit, safety, and parental rights, while opponents warned about vague definitions, censorship, and potential impacts on students and school programs. Public testimony on HB 1071 was extensive and sharply divided. Supporters included organizations such as Florida Voice for the Unborn, the Christian Family Coalition, and various individuals who backed the fetal development instruction and limits on DEI-related spending. Opponents included Planned Parenthood Florida Action, the Southern Poverty Law Center, Equality Florida, the ACLU of Florida, the Florida Education Association, teachers, parents, and students, who argued the bill was too broad, could chill instruction and student activities, and could introduce ideological content into health education. The transcript ends during closing debate on the amended bill, before a final vote is shown.

Transcript Highlights:

• That would be redundant.
• This year, making their processes transparent and accessible without burdensome fees and redundancies
• Without burdensome fees and redundancies, I was going to say, as far as wells, I have a well myself and

Committee: Senate Local Government

Summary: The committee held a work session on form-based codes, child care facility siting, and street standards/frontage improvements. Chair Solomon opened by explaining the topics as ways to explore more flexible zoning, barriers to child care access, and whether frontage improvement mandates are discouraging housing projects. On form-based codes, Commerce’s Dave Anderson described them as zoning that emphasizes building form and public realm over use and density, with objective standards and illustrations. He said they are typically applied in specific districts, not statewide, and can reduce reliance on large use tables. City of Lacey’s Vanessa Dolby said Lacey’s Woodland District code was created through community engagement, fiscal and market analysis, and subdistrict-specific standards; she said it has helped produce a more walkable environment and more flexible uses, but can be harder for applicants and staff to navigate and may still require some use restrictions in a hybrid approach. The child care siting panel focused on state and local permitting barriers. DCYF officials Ruben Reeves and Nicole Rose said Washington has more than 6,500 licensed child care providers, but applicants must navigate both state licensing and local zoning, building, fire, parking, and occupancy rules, which can vary widely by jurisdiction. They said DCYF recently created a pre-licensing support team and is collecting data on why applicants stall or drop out, with a broader action plan expected in summer 2026. Testifiers including Julia Perez of Yakima described costly and confusing local requirements for in-home child care, including fees, multiple departments, elevation and well-related conditions, and delays that led her to abandon her effort. Enterprise Community Partners’ Juanita Salinas Aguila said child care deserts remain widespread and identified impact fees, zoning and building code requirements, permitting delays, parking mandates, outdoor space requirements, and lack of dedicated funding as major barriers; she highlighted examples of local fee waivers, expedited permitting, zoning reforms, and county funding efforts. Jordan Crawley of Seattle and Julie German-Murray of Spokane also described delays, parking and zoning barriers, and the difficulty of finding feasible sites, especially for larger centers or specialized inclusive care projects. The final section addressed street standards and frontage improvements. Poulsbo planning manager Nicole Coleman argued that current frontage and utility standards, largely designed for greenfield subdivisions, are mismatched with today’s infill and middle housing needs and can add $50,000 to $200,000 per project. She gave examples where required sidewalks, utility relocation, water main replacement, and access standards made small projects infeasible or caused them to be abandoned. Blueprint Capital’s Lucas de Herrera echoed those concerns for Seattle and Kirkland, saying frontage, curb ramp, alley, and EV-ready parking requirements can trigger expensive engineering and undergrounding work that kills small projects, and that some standards are buried in manuals or director’s rules rather than clear code. No votes were taken; the session was informational, and members discussed possible follow-up on child care facility designation as an essential public facility and on whether state-level changes to frontage and parking rules could reduce barriers.

Transcript Highlights:

• That would be redundant.
• This year, making their processes transparent and accessible without burdensome fees and redundancy.
• Without burdensome fees and redundancy.

Summary: The committee held a work session on form-based codes, child care facility siting, and street standards/frontage improvements. On form-based codes, Commerce’s Dave Anderson explained that these codes emphasize building form, orientation, and the public realm more than traditional use and density tables, and that they are typically applied in specific districts rather than citywide or statewide. Lacey’s Vanessa Dolby described the city’s Woodland District code, developed through community charrettes, fiscal and market analysis, and subdistrict-specific standards to create a walkable downtown. She said the approach has helped produce a more desirable built environment and more flexibility in permitted uses, but also noted it can be less user-friendly for applicants and still requires some use restrictions; both presenters said a hybrid approach is often best. The committee then heard from DCYF and multiple providers about barriers to opening child care facilities. DCYF officials said Washington has more than 6,500 licensed providers and that a new pre-licensing support team is helping applicants navigate licensing, but local zoning, building, fire, parking, utility, and occupancy requirements still create delays and confusion. Testifiers described long permitting timelines, inconsistent local interpretations, costly upgrades, and utility hookup delays; one Yakima provider said county requirements, a floodplain-related elevation certificate, and a private well issue stopped her in-home child care proposal, while others described traffic impact fees, parking mandates, and zoning barriers that made projects infeasible. Enterprise Community Partners highlighted examples of successful local reforms, including fee waivers, expedited permitting, and zoning changes in several cities, and DCYF said it is working toward a 2026 action plan and a resource guide for providers. In the final section, planners and developers discussed how street standards and frontage improvement requirements can undermine infill and middle housing. Poulsbo’s planning manager said current standards were designed for greenfield subdivisions and often force costly curb, gutter, sidewalk, stormwater, and utility upgrades on small infill sites, sometimes adding tens of thousands of dollars and causing projects to be abandoned. A Seattle-based developer made similar points about small middle-housing projects being burdened by frontage work, curb ramps, buried standards, and EV-ready parking requirements that can trigger expensive undergrounding. Committee members asked about possible state-level changes, including whether child care should be treated as an essential public facility and whether parking requirements had already been reduced; one senator noted that minimum parking requirements for child care facilities were eliminated in prior legislation, with implementation phased in over the next few years.

Transcript Highlights:

• or order of the federal court" on page 33, It's not necessary because it's true, so it just seems redundant
• I don't know if Judiciary will comment on it, but they tend to dislike redundant language.
• Senator, the reason why we changed it was to more closely match what we have enrolled, but it is redundant

Committee: House Investments & Pensions Oversight Committee

Transcript Highlights:

• And what we believe that's resulting is some redundancy and... Nationwide firm.
• And what we believe that's resulting is some redundancy in overall project costs.
• To increase the timeliness of notices, reduce postage, and eliminate redundancy, we became the only court
• data-driven management to establish our judge rotation and schedules, building flexibility and redundancy
• into our calendar and system, and the use of real-time monitoring. ...flexibility and redundancy into

Committee: Joint Legislative Task Force on Government Efficiency

Summary: The task force met with a quorum and first reviewed a memorandum summarizing a survey of state agencies on possible statute revisions. Levi reported that 20 agencies submitted 70 proposals, with about 33 potentially becoming agency pre-file bills. Common themes included procurement, concessions, architect/engineering services, liability limits, and IT-related efficiencies. Members asked about sharing the survey results more broadly and about cross-agency coordination, especially with higher education and ITD-related issues. OMB then presented three topics from its survey responses: concessions, pre-qualification of architects/engineers/construction managers/land surveyors, and publication of legal notices. OMB said the current concessions law is too rigid because it requires award to the highest responsible bidder and does not fit newer concession models, and it suggested a best-value approach, a higher threshold, and standardized templates. On architect/engineering pre-qualification, OMB said the law is fragmented across several statutes and should be consolidated and expanded for broader use. On legal notices, OMB described the current rate-setting and publication process, noted rising costs and shrinking newspaper availability, and proposed a collaborative effort to modernize notice delivery, improve accessibility, and explore online options. The task force discussed how to move these ideas forward, and a motion passed directing OMB to implement its suggestions and report back at the next meeting. The University of North Dakota then presented several proposed revisions focused on public buildings and procurement. UND recommended raising the threshold for treating routine maintenance and one-for-one replacements as construction, arguing that the current $250,000 threshold forces unnecessary architect/engineer involvement and adds cost. It also proposed changes to bid advertisement language to reflect electronic bidding, revisions to construction manager-at-risk selection criteria, changes to architect/engineer procurement criteria, a higher direct-hire threshold for design services, and an increase in the legislative approval threshold for privately funded projects. Members discussed the need for data, risk and complexity considerations, and collaboration with counsel and industry groups. A motion passed directing Levi and counsel to work with UND on bill drafts based on its proposals for a future meeting. DPI followed with a shorter presentation on credentialing and statutory cleanup. It suggested reviewing the department’s 23 credential categories for relevance, and said DPI and the Education Standards and Practices Board have discussed transferring some credentialing authority to ESPB. DPI also recommended removing outdated school safety patrol language, cleaning up waiver provisions, and updating dyslexia screening reporting requirements so districts are not burdened by obsolete reporting mandates. Members agreed the screening itself should remain in place, while the reporting requirement could be reconsidered. The committee then recessed until the afternoon session.

Transcript Highlights:

• just want to make sure that for the record I mention the concerns that we still have relative to redundancy
• we still have the concerns that we still have relative<00:32:29.480><c> to</c><00:32:29.600><c> redundancy
• Heintzeman: Relative to redundancy and such, but I'll leave it there. Chair Fischer: Okay.
• requirement of an Adding an additional requirement of an EAW<00:58:26.680><c> feels</c><00:58:27.000><c> redundant
• </c> EAW feels redundant EAW feels redundant to<00:58:28.680><c> a</c><00:58:28.720><c> process</c><00

Bills: HF4211 , HF3426 , HF4819 , HF3466 , HF3793 , HF3339

Committee: House Environment and Natural Resources Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:

• departments serving two cities, seven townships, and as a proven model of regional cooperation, reducing redundancy
• departments serving two cities, seven townships, and as a proven model of regional cooperation, reducing redundancy
• departments serving two cities, seven townships, and as a proven model of regional cooperation, reducing redundancy
• training, and equipment into one purpose-built facility and we're driving down costs, reducing redundancy
• training, and equipment into one purpose-built facility and we're driving down costs, reducing redundancy

Bills: HF568 , HF433 , HF1689 , HF3135 , HF3137 , HF3145 , HF2887 , HF2819 , HF2802 , HF2664 , HF2267 , HF799 , HF800 , HF3049 , HF296 , HF580 , HF1438 , HF1237

Committee: House Capital Investment

Transcript Highlights:

• This ATV carveout is redundant and unnecessary because the MPCA recommendation language addresses the
• This ATV carveout is redundant<00:25:54.080><c> and</c><00:25:54.240><c> unnecessary</c><00:25:55.039
• ><c> because</c><00:25:55.279><c> the</c> redundant and unnecessary because the redundant and unnecessary
• As Evana from Clean Water Action said, Article 7 of this omnibus bill is redundant and dangerous.
• As Evana from Clean Water Action said, Article 7 of this omnibus bill is redundant and dangerous.

Committee: Senate Commerce and Consumer Protection

Transcript Highlights:

• We asked them to, you know, we provide focus on being non-redundant, an overview of our work and where
• We asked them to, you know, we provide focus on being non-redundant, an overview of our work and where

Summary: The Massachusetts Permanent Commission on the Status of Persons with Disabilities held its quarterly virtual meeting and approved the September minutes. Chair Denise Garlick opened with updates on the commission’s first “Meeting the Moment” community forum in Needham, reporting strong attendance, a large resource fair, and mostly positive survey feedback. Commissioners said the event was valuable for connecting advocates, providers, and people with disabilities, while also noting lessons learned about accessibility, timing, and the need for more networking time and advance materials. The chair said the commission is planning future forums in other regions, including possible sites in Lowell, Northampton, and the South Shore. A major item was the new advisory council. Oz Osmondahar and Eman described the outreach and screening process, which drew roughly 60 nominations and emphasized lived experience, sector expertise, geographic diversity, and connections to broader networks. The council will serve as strategic advisors and thought partners, meet twice a year, and hold its first in-person orientation on January 30 at the State House Members Lounge. Commissioners were encouraged to stay engaged with the council and use it to strengthen commission and subcommittee work. Subcommittee reports covered employment, workforce supports, and long-term services and supports/health equity. The Disability Employment Subcommittee reported collaboration with SEED, a presentation at the Employment Matters Conference, a discussion with a disability employee resource group, and upcoming work with CED and veterans advocates. The Workforce Supports Subcommittee heard from the MassHealth Policy Commission’s Behavioral Health Workforce Center about workforce data gaps and an upcoming needs assessment, and plans to host ADDP on 2025 workforce metrics. The long-term services and supports committee discussed the Housing Navigator program, barriers to accessible housing, and concerns about how federal cuts could affect disability services and health equity. The commission also heard from DDS Deputy General Counsel Erin Brown and Associate Commissioner Chris Klaskin on a new law expanding access to records from former state institutions, including new notification and privacy procedures and a forthcoming regulatory process with public input. Commissioners welcomed the law as a step toward transparency and dignity. Amen gave an executive director update on the annual report, recent collaboration with the Greater Boston Chamber of Commerce, the Office of the Veteran Advocate, a national state-employer practice group, and the IDD/Autism Alliance working group. The meeting also included a moment of reflection for disability activist Alice Wong, a commissioner announcement about Work Without Limits’ virtual career fair, and adjournment after a motion and second were approved unanimously.

Transcript Highlights:

• So it was just redundant or unnecessary to add in that point C that says does not cause discomfort. .
• So it was just redundant or unnecessary to add in that point C that says does not cause discomfort.

Bills: HB446 , HB446

Committee: House Agriculture and Forestry

Keywords: HB446, Daphne, Baldwin County, annexation, municipal boundary, corporate limits, local act, municipal incorporation, city limits expansion, zoning, land use, property tax, municipal services, Section 11-42-6, Judge of Probate, County Road 54 W, County Road 64, Rigsby Road, Highway 181, Alabama State Highway 181

Transcript Highlights:

• This bill is in one way redundant with existing statute, which already requires state and local law enforcement
• So I do oppose this because I not only think it's redundant, but looking at the reality of implementation

Bills: SB1055 , SB1065

Committee: Senate Military Affairs and Border Security

Keywords: immigration enforcement, law enforcement, illegal aliens, state legislation, civil penalties, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, veterans, military health, mental health treatment, funding allocation

Transcript Highlights:

• departments serving two cities and seven townships as a proven model of regional cooperation, reducing redundancy
• training, and equipment into one purpose-built facility, and we're driving down costs, reducing redundancy

Bills: HF568 , HF433 , HF1689 , HF3135 , HF3137 , HF3145 , HF2887 , HF2819 , HF2802 , HF2664 , HF2267 , HF799 , HF800 , HF3049 , HF296 , HF580 , HF1438 , HF1237

Committee: House Capital Investment

Transcript Highlights:

• The amendment is redundant.
• </c><00:55:22.960><c> It's</c><00:55:23.520><c> uh</c> The amendment is is redundant.
• It's uh The amendment is is redundant.
• So this has really become a redundancy, plus, quite honestly, an administrative nightmare: collecting
• ,</c> this has really become a redundancy, this has really become a redundancy, plus<01:31:32.880><c>

Committee: Senate Energy and Natural Resources

Transcript Highlights:

• Consolidation could save millions annually in unnecessary administrative redundancy alone.
• It will eliminate service redundancies and improve network coordination by eliminating duplicative routes
• administrative</c> annually in unnecessary administrative annually in unnecessary administrative redundancy
• In other words, if we redundancy alone.
• </c> It will eliminate service redundancies It will eliminate service redundancies and<00:47:45.680><

Bills: HF3676 , HF3593 , HF3785 , HF3774 , HF4111 , HF3513

Committee: House Transportation Finance and Policy

Keywords: Safe at Home, address confidentiality, domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking, harassment, victim privacy, survivor protection, confidential address, protected address, secret address, identity protection, residential confidentiality, program participant, nondiscrimination, court disclosure, protective order, service of process, driver's license, state ID

Transcript Highlights:

• scenarios that we're seeing and the uncertainty at the federal level, reinforces the need for redundancies
• really important, and like you said, there is this uncertainty at the federal level, this need for redundancy
• </c><00:36:48.119><c> um</c> reinforces the need for redundancies um reinforces the need for redundancies
• /c><00:38:26.160><c> and</c><00:38:26.319><c> for</c><00:38:26.560><c> making</c> this need for redundancy
• and for making this need for redundancy and for making sure<00:38:26.960><c> that</c><00:38:27.040><

Committee: House Public Safety Finance and Policy