Video & Transcript Research : 'parole reform'

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MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on Housing Jun 21st, 2026 at 11:00 am

Joint Committee on Housing

Transcript Highlights:
  • My name is Mark Martinez, and I'm a housing attorney at the Massachusetts Law Reform Institute.
  • I'm Ann Jocknick, an attorney at the Massachusetts Law Reform Institute, and I'm here in strong support
  • I'm an advocate now at the Mass Law Reform Institute, and I work with Homes for All with Carolyn and
  • I'm an advocate now at the Mass Law Reform Institute and I work with Homes for All with Carolyn and a
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The Joint Committee on Housing held a hybrid hearing on a broad slate of landlord-tenant and home rule bills, with most testimony focused on rent stabilization, tenant opportunity to purchase (TOPA), tenant fees, access to counsel, algorithmic rent fixing, and tenant protections in subsidized housing. Chairs Cyr and Haggerty outlined the hearing procedures and noted that written testimony could also be submitted. Several members and invited speakers emphasized that the committee was hearing from both local officials and residents affected by housing instability, especially in Somerville and other communities facing high rents and displacement. Supporters of rent stabilization and local-option rent control argued that Massachusetts needs tools to prevent displacement while new housing is built. Senator Eldridge, Senator Jalen, Somerville officials, tenant organizers, and residents described steep rent increases, no-fault evictions, and the loss of naturally occurring affordable housing. Somerville’s home rule petition was described as allowing annual increases tied to CPI plus 2%, capped at 5%, with exemptions for owner-occupied two- and three-family homes and a 15-year exemption for new construction. TOPA supporters said it would let tenants or their designees buy buildings before speculative buyers, preserving affordable housing stock; opponents, including small landlords and property managers, argued rent control would reduce supply, discourage investment, and that TOPA could delay sales and harm properties. The committee also heard testimony on bills to curb junk fees and regulate tenant charges, including limits on late fees, lease renewal fees, payment portal fees, attorney’s fees, and other add-on charges. Advocates said these fees can add hundreds of dollars a month and disproportionately harm low-income renters and renters of color. Another major topic was algorithmic rent fixing: Senator Moore and Representative Sabadoza said landlords should not use software such as RealPage to coordinate pricing, citing federal antitrust actions and arguing that competition is essential to lowering rents. Additional testimony supported a statewide right to counsel in eviction cases, with legal services providers saying representation dramatically improves outcomes and can save the state money, and a bill to create an office of tenant protections to better enforce sanitary code violations. No votes or final actions were taken during the hearing.
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

Criminal Jurisprudence May 19th, 2026

Criminal Jurisprudence

Transcript Highlights:
  • Metzker is the director of the Deason Criminal Justice Reform Center. Ms.
  • Metzker is the director of the Deason Criminal Justice Reform Center at SMU School of Law. Mr.
  • I direct the Deason Criminal Justice Reform Center. I'm Pamela Metzker.
  • I direct the Deason Criminal Justice Reform Center, and I'm a professor of law at the SMU Dedman School
Keywords: 1184, house, all
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • keeping the system One thing we talked a little bit in the first panel was about some of the permitting reforms
  • This topic of fuel specification reform, as you mentioned, there were kind of three things that the TFA
  • The special session reforms of 2020...
  • The special session reforms of 2023 and 24 have produced new transparency, and that transparency does
Summary: The Assembly Committee on Utilities and Energy held a hearing on the impact of the Iran conflict and global oil supply disruption on California fuel markets. Committee members and administration witnesses from the California Energy Commission and the Division of Petroleum Market Oversight described California’s heavy reliance on imported crude and refined products, the state’s shrinking refining base, current inventory levels, and how global supply tightness is affecting gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel prices. CEC officials said near-term supply looked adequate for roughly the next six weeks, but warned that continued disruption would likely raise prices further and increase competition for imports. DPMO said the conflict is a real supply shock, but also emphasized a separate, longstanding problem of unusually high California retail gasoline prices, especially among major branded stations. Witnesses and members debated the causes of high prices and the state’s longer-term fuel strategy. Professor Severin Borenstein argued that much of the price gap beyond taxes and environmental costs comes from a “mystery gasoline surcharge” downstream of refineries, while also noting that California’s shrinking number of refineries creates market-power and supply-resilience concerns. Western States Petroleum Association CEO Jody Mueller argued that state policies have weakened California’s refining system and made it more vulnerable to global shocks, urging the state to protect remaining refining capacity and improve infrastructure for imports. United Steelworkers Local 675 Vice President Norman Rogers stressed the need for safe, reliable refinery operations and adequate staffing. Several members pressed witnesses on whether California should rely more on imports, how to manage inventories and port/storage capacity, and whether the state needs clearer authority and better data collection to coordinate fuel policy. Discussion also covered branded versus unbranded gasoline pricing, the role of California fuel specifications, and whether a floating gas tax or other policy tools could buffer consumers from global price spikes. No formal votes or committee actions were taken during the hearing.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

PFML carveout considered 3/25/26

Minnesota House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Our members continue to oppose the underlying mandate, and we support meaningful ways to reform it to
  • 00:05:03.920> meaningful<00:05:04.360> ways<00:05:04.640> to<00:05:04.720> reform
  • <00:05:05.040> it<00:05:05.160> to support meaningful ways to reform it to support
  • meaningful ways to reform it to provide<00:05:05.680> relief<00:05:06.120> to<00:05:06.280
Keywords: 1183, house
MD

Maryland 2026 Regular Session

Senate Floor Session, 3/24/2026 #1

Maryland Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Senate Bill 947, Senator McCray, Maryland Transit Administration Reform Act.
  • McCray, Maryland<01:17:16.560> Transit<01:17:16.960> Administration<01:17:17.640> Reform
  • Maryland Transit Administration Reform Maryland Transit Administration Reform Act.
Summary: The Senate convened with 42 members present and a quorum, opened with an invocation by Pastor Jaylen Robinson, and recognized several guests and honorees. Early floor remarks included a welcome to students from Forest Oak Middle School, a young Senate shadow from Woodlawn High School, and guests from Charles H. Flowers High School. The chamber also noted a doctor of the day and announced that panoramic photos in the Senate lounge were available for order by March 27, with eye exams available in the State House. The main legislative business was Senate Bill 283, the President’s Maryland Consolidated Capital Bond Loan of 2026. The Senate Budget and Taxation Committee presented 291 amendments, described as funding priorities for jobs, infrastructure, and reliability while staying within debt affordability limits. The amendments covered school construction, natural resources, higher education, housing, Maryland Environmental Service, miscellaneous grants, local Senate bond initiatives, jails and detention centers, and pre-authorizations for fiscal 2028. Four amendments were separated for individual roll calls: 30, 35, 46, and 241, all of which were adopted. The remaining committee amendments were adopted without objection, and the favorable committee report as amended was then taken up. During debate on the capital budget amendments, one senator raised concerns about the bill and the difficulty of tracking the amendments on the electronic system, prompting discussion about technical issues and the availability of the documents on the website and in paper form. The chair said the committee had been working on the bill for months and urged the body to proceed. A question was raised about Amendment 264, which deauthorized a Willing Helper Society renovation project in Charles County; the chair explained the money had not been spent, was about to expire, and was repurposed to a Boys and Girls Club of Southern Maryland project to keep the funding in Charles County.
VT

Vermont 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Session - 2026-03-12 - 1:00PM

Vermont Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • And that was drafted by the Uniform Laws Commission in 1978 after the Tax Reform Act in 1976.
  • aftermath<00:07:50.560> of<00:07:50.800> the<00:07:50.960> Tax<00:07:51.280> Reform
  • after the aftermath of the Tax Reform after the aftermath of the Tax Reform Act<00:07:51.919>
Keywords: 927, senate, all
AL

Alabama 2026 1st Special Session

Alabama Senate Feb 25th, 2026

Transcript Highlights:
  • Legislation to reform the public service commission has offered a solution, but it appeared too quick
  • Legislation<01:20:02.159> to<01:20:02.400> reform<01:20:02.800> the<01:20:03.040
  • > public<01:20:03.360> service Legislation to reform the public service Legislation to
  • reform the public service commission<01:20:04.400> has<01:20:04.640> offered<01:20:04.960
Keywords: 923, senate, all
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

01/20/2026 - House Education

Education

Transcript Highlights:
  • And I agree with you 100%, and I'm in favor of reforming the way we deal with move on when reading.
  • the fourth grade that aren't really proficient in reading, and I believe the state board will be reforming
  • And there's going to be a lot of reform in that at the...
  • And there's going to be a lot of reform in that at the state board level, and if you want me to participate
Keywords: 1182, all
Summary: The committee first heard Superintendent Tom Horn’s State of Education address, which focused on school safety, academic outcomes, teacher pay, school choice, and opposition to DEI/CRT in schools. Horn argued that students cannot learn unless schools are safe, cited increased funding for school police officers and a recent Tucson charter school incident as evidence for more officers, and said the department’s academic efforts have centered on Project Momentum, tutoring, cell phone restrictions, career and technical education partnerships, and support for Native American districts. He also urged direct teacher pay increases through Proposition 123 and said the state board should revise teaching standards and school grading practices. Members questioned him about DEI compliance, cell phone enforcement, ESA accountability, teacher preparation programs, school safety funding, and literacy outcomes; Horn said the department’s role is largely advisory in a local-control state, that it tracks school practices on a website, and that it lacks academic outcome data for ESA students because private schools are not tested by the state. The committee then took up House Bill 2008, which would prohibit public school libraries from using public funds to pay dues or memberships to professional library associations that advocate for libraries and information services. Representative Cooper, the sponsor, said the bill was intended to keep school libraries politically neutral and prevent taxpayer money from supporting ideological advocacy, while arguing that membership could still be paid privately and that free professional development options exist. Opponents, including former librarian Judy Schweber, Marana board member Hunter Holt, and the ACLU of Arizona, argued the bill would undermine professional development, local control, and constitutional rights of association and petition, and that there was little evidence public funds were actually being used this way. Supporters, including Adrienne Johnson, said some library materials and associations promote political viewpoints and should not be funded with public dollars. After public comment and debate, the committee voted 7-5 to give HB 2008 a do pass recommendation. Members who explained no votes said the bill targeted a non-issue, lacked data showing a problem, and would divert attention from funding and literacy needs. Members supporting the bill said it was a reasonable restriction on public spending and a way to keep school libraries ideologically neutral. The committee then announced it would move on to House Bill 2249, the Parents’ Bill of Rights and Remedies.
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • We went through tax reform some time ago.
  • <00:15:38.079> went<00:15:38.160> through<00:15:38.320> tax<00:15:38.560> reform
  • <00:15:39.040> some<00:15:39.199> time We we went through tax reform some time We we
  • went through tax reform some time ago.<00:15:40.000> We<00:15:40.160> looked<00:15:40.320
Summary: The first meeting of the Medicaid Oversight Advisory Board opened with Chair Ken Fleming and Co-Chair Rocky Adams welcoming members, explaining the board’s purpose, and introducing the diverse membership of legislators, providers, advocates, and state officials. Fleming said the board would meet monthly, allow public comment at the end of meetings, and operate transparently with materials posted online and distributed in advance. Both chairs emphasized that the board’s work would focus on improving Medicaid outcomes, efficiency, and oversight, while preparing for possible federal changes and avoiding premature assumptions about what Congress may do. Members then gave brief introductions describing their backgrounds in medicine, nursing, hospital administration, behavioral health, insurance, budgeting, pharmacy, and Medicaid administration. Several noted direct experience with Medicaid populations or managed care, including the Department for Medicaid Services commissioner, health plan representatives, hospital and clinic leaders, and legislators with health care backgrounds. The board also heard from Stephanie Bates of the LRC Office of Health Data Analytics, who said her office supports the General Assembly with health-related data, policy, and research and would serve as a resource to the board. Bates then began a presentation on Medicaid basics, explaining that House Bill 695 created the board and that the presentation would cover eligibility, enrollment, covered benefits, waivers, managed care, the budget, and the federal reconciliation bill. She described Medicaid eligibility as complex, noted that Kentucky had more than 1.4 million enrollees, and explained enrollment churn and the unwinding of pandemic-era continuous coverage. She also outlined mandatory and optional Medicaid benefits, the requirement that services be medically necessary and provided by enrolled providers, and the main waiver types used in Kentucky, including 1115, 1915(b), and 1915(c) waivers. No votes or formal actions were taken at this meeting beyond organizational setup and receiving the initial informational presentation.
FL

Florida 2025 Regular Session

House in Session Apr 9th, 2025

Florida House Floor Meeting

MN
Transcript Highlights:
  • I wasn't able to incorporate all the recommendations she made to kind of reform the bill.
  • 20:54.800> re recommendations she made to kind of re recommendations she made to kind of re reform
  • 57.440> um<01:20:57.679> in<01:20:58.000> state<01:20:58.239> government reform
  • the bill. um in state government reform the bill. um in state government there<01:20:59.280> were
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

House Agriculture Finance and Policy Committee 3/26/25

Agriculture Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • We would have some reform to make this consistent with other areas with having grant applications.
  • would<00:33:58.000> have<00:33:58.720> uh<00:33:58.960> some<00:33:59.200> reform
  • c><00:33:59.760> to<00:34:00.559> make<00:34:00.799> this would have uh some reform
  • to make this would have uh some reform to make this consistent<00:34:01.519> with<00:34:01.760
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Taxes - 02/18/25

Taxes

Transcript Highlights:
  • had to give back to the school districts to keep them whole because the property tax laws and the reforms
  • property tax property tax laws<00:57:57.319> and<00:57:57.480> the<00:57:57.640> reforms
  • were<00:57:58.440> put<00:57:58.680> into<00:57:59.079> place laws and the reforms
  • were put into place laws and the reforms were put into place and<00:58:00.240> so<00:58:00.559
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Session (Full Formal without Calendar) Jun 21st, 2026 at 01:00 pm

Massachusetts Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • by my good friend from Westport, this bill continues to miss major opportunities for significant reform
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The Senate opened with the Pledge of Allegiance and a brief recognition of guests participating in the Young Announcers Program, including students and community leaders from Urban Heat 98.1 FM, 365 Dad, and Academy of the Pacific Rim Charter School. The chamber then took up House No. 58, a fiscal year 2025 supplemental appropriations bill focused largely on emergency assistance shelter funding and related policy changes. Senator Rogers explained that the agreement appropriates $425 million for the EA shelter system through the rest of FY25 and includes measures intended to reduce caseloads and improve oversight, such as tighter eligibility verification, criminal offender information checks, disclosure of prior convictions, reporting requirements, a study of NCIC background checks, and a plan to phase out hotels and motels. Senator Tarr praised the urgency of the bill but criticized the process, saying the measure was negotiated without a formal conference committee or public report and did not go far enough on reform. The Senate adopted the concurrence and further amendment, then adopted an emergency preamble by a vote of 11-0. The Senate then took final action on House No. 58, with Senator Tarr requesting a roll call vote. After the call of the yeas and nays, the bill passed to be enacted by a vote of 32-7 and was ordered signed by the President and laid before the Governor. The chamber also adopted a motion to adjourn in memory of State Representative Carol A. Doherty, followed by a moment of silence, and then agreed to adjourn until the next day at 11:00 a.m.
NY

New York 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Standing Committee on Investigations and Government Operations - 05/12/2026

Investigations And Government Operations

Transcript Highlights:
  • But there are many proposed reforms, many provisions in the bill.
Keywords: 993, senate, all
Summary: The Senate Investigations and Government Operations Committee met on May 12, 2026, with Chair James Skoufis noting it could be the committee’s final meeting of the session and that the agenda included 44 bills, many involving local tax matters. Most measures were moved and reported with little discussion, including several Tax Law, Alcoholic Beverage Control Law, Public Officers Law, and local authorization bills. A number of bills were also referred onward, including S. 3649, which Skoufis recommended against because noncompliant municipalities could lose significant funding; it was defeated. Other measures were referred to Finance, Judiciary, Energy, or Codes, including S. 8221B, a bill on ticket resale and consumer protections, which Skoufis said would cap many fees, limit live music resale above face value, require disclosure of ticket holdbacks, tighten broker licensure, and close refund loopholes. Members briefly questioned the ticket-resale bill, asking what consumer benefit it would provide and which tickets would be covered. Skoufis explained that the bill was aimed at reducing price gouging, especially for concerts and some smaller events, while carving out Broadway and sports. He also said the bill would address hidden ticket allocations and refund practices that had been problematic during the pandemic. The committee then voted to report the bill to Finance. Several other bills drew negative recommendations or were defeated, including S. 8447 and S. 8619, both of which were defeated after no-vote recommendations. S. 9284 was referred to Judiciary, S. 9741A to Finance, and S. 9924 to Codes. The committee also reported a state land transfer bill for the Richardson Center Corporation and approved or reported numerous other bills, ending with S. 10188, which approved Section 2 of Chapter 316 of the Laws of 2025. Skoufis thanked the clerk, staff, and members at the close of the meeting.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • Governor's Task Force to Study and Recommend Reforms for Better Coordination and Delivery of Early Childhood
Bills: HB112, HB117
TX

Texas 89th Regular

State AffairsAudio only. Apr 30th, 2025

State Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • This is a bill about proxy advisor transparency reform.
Summary: The Committee on State Affairs met with a quorum present and took up a series of pending bills, most of them election, ethics, political communications, alcohol, or business-regulation measures. Several bills were amended with committee substitutes before being voted out, including SB 2363 on unlawful publishing of another person’s vote, SB 2044 on political communications/electioneering, SB 2713 on discrimination and membership in professional or trade associations, SB 2337 on proxy advisor transparency, SB 946 on credit discrimination/social credit scores, SB 2334 on storage of alcoholic beverages by an airline permittee, and HB 1130 on cavern-entity liability. Authors generally described the substitutes as clarifying or narrowing changes, such as removing exceptions, adding an affirmative defense, striking the word “organization,” or making technical and definitional revisions. The committee also advanced SB 2633 on a local option alcohol election, SB 2637 on bots and automated social media posts, SB 2781 on civil penalties related to political contributions and lobbying, SB 2782 on discovery requirements for sworn complaints before the Texas Ethics Commission, SB 3059 concerning the Alamo, SB 1861, SB 1367, SB 945, and SB 2043. In several instances, members recommended bills for the local and uncontested calendars after favorable action. The discussion was largely procedural, with brief bill descriptions and substitute explanations; no extended public testimony is reflected in the transcript. Most measures were reported favorably to the full Senate, typically by recorded roll call votes of nine or ten ayes and zero or one nay. SB 2363, SB 2713, SB 1861, SB 946, SB 1367, and SB 945 each received one negative vote, while SB 2781, SB 2782, SB 3059, HB 1130, SB 2334, SB 2337, and SB 2043 were reported out unanimously or near-unanimously. After completing the agenda, the committee recessed subject to the call of the chair.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • But without permitting reform, those megawatts will continue to be procured from neighboring states and
Summary: The Assembly Committee on Utilities and Energy met as a subcommittee because a quorum was not present, and the chair announced 16 measures on the agenda, nine of them on consent. The committee then took up AB 1016 by Assemblymember Gonzalez, which would create a five-year pilot program allowing certain counties with geothermal elements in their general plans to locally permit geothermal plants up to 150 net megawatts through 2030. The author and Imperial County representatives argued the bill would streamline a duplicative permitting process, support local control, and bring jobs, tax revenue, and clean baseload energy development to Imperial County, which they described as facing high unemployment and poverty and having significant geothermal potential. Supporters included Imperial County officials, Rural County Representatives of California, Independent Energy Producers, and local community representatives. They emphasized the county’s long history of geothermal permitting, its planning efforts, and the economic benefits of projects that could support schools, health care, and community colleges. Opposition came from labor organizations including the California State Pipe Trades Council, Western States Council of Sheet Metal Workers, California Coalition of Utility Employees, State Association of Electrical Workers, and State Building Trades. Their main concern was that shifting permitting from the California Energy Commission to local governments could remove the skilled-and-trained workforce requirement that currently applies to CEC-permitted projects. Committee members asked about that labor issue, and the author said he intended to work with the opposition coalition to ensure local workers are prioritized and that projects use skilled, trained, California-licensed labor. The discussion ended with the bill still under consideration; no vote was taken in the portion of the hearing provided.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • create a final budget that will support providers and families and meaningfully move us toward rate reform
  • There are massive new policy reforms and requirements that counties must meet pursuant to the BHSA, and
  • There are massive new policy reforms and requirements that counties must meet pursuant to the BHSA, and
  • For the CalAIM reforms, I was struggling to understand utilization management of community supports.
  • ll support key activities like enhanced care management, community supports, and behavioral health reforms
Keywords: 987, senate, all
Summary: The subcommittee first heard May Revision items for child support, child care, and related human services. The Department of Child Support Services described two technical adjustments, which the LAO said raised no concerns. The Department of Social Services then walked through child care proposals, including a shift in how federal and Proposition 64 funding reductions would be absorbed, a 2.01% COLA, disaster-related child care infrastructure grants, an increase in in-contract administrative support costs for alternative payment agencies, reversion of prospective-pay implementation funding after a federal rule change, a one-time allocation to cover the first quarter of Cost of Care Plus payments in the next fiscal year, reappropriation for existing infrastructure grant closeout work, and estimates of unspent child care funds. The department also outlined trailer bill language on a single rate structure, site safety and emergency procedures, CalWORKs child care data sharing, and child care oversight. The LAO recommended that the Legislature seek more justification for shifting reductions from General Child Care to the Alternative Payment Program, noting that CAP reductions affect more slots and that General Child Care has had significant unspent funds. It supported removing prospective-pay funding, but recommended rejecting the administrative cost shift to a percentage-based rate because it could create future General Fund pressure. It also suggested the Legislature review alignment between the disaster grants and the child care infrastructure program. Senators and members pressed the administration on why the budget would reduce child care slots and COLA percentages while the state still has waitlists and unspent funds, and questioned the need for early funding of Cost of Care Plus payments and the move from a flat administrative amount to a percentage. Public commenters, including providers, advocates, county offices, and infrastructure partners, urged full COLA funding, preservation of child care slots, support for prospective pay, and continued investment in child care access and facilities. After a short recess, the committee moved to Part B on health and heard the Department of State Hospitals. DSH presented a May Revision budget of $3.2 billion and described proposals for a central utility plant replacement at Metropolitan State Hospital, an electronic health record implementation, reduced county bed billing authority due to phased-in LPS bed capacity, limited contract exemption authority for online clinical subscriptions, reversion of prior-year unspent operating funds, and a workforce development proposal shifting some costs to Behavioral Health Services Act funds, including support for an additional psychiatric training cohort at Napa. The department also outlined IST-related savings and a trailer bill to remove the sunset on the independent placement panel program.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Ways and Means Committee 4/13/26

Ways and Means

Transcript Highlights:
  • He added that the city is undergoing substantial and rigorous permitting and licensing reform to ensure
  • license rigorous permitting and license rigorous permitting and license licensing<01:10:12.120> reform
  • > to<01:10:13.160> ensure<01:10:13.680> that<01:10:13.920> the licensing reform
  • to ensure that the licensing reform to ensure that the process<01:10:14.680> of<01:10:14.880>
  • our chance to do what our businesses really need us to do, and that's get good with maybe licensing reform
Keywords: 1183, house
Summary: The committee met to approve the April 7, 2026 minutes and then held a hearing on the economic impact of Operation Metro Surge and related ICE enforcement activity. Testifiers described broad effects on cities, small businesses, workers, and schools, and several speakers voiced support for House File 4477, which would create a targeted state relief program for affected businesses and communities. Metro Cities said member cities reported unexpected burdens on public safety, public works, emergency management, and other local services, and its board adopted a policy supporting state assistance for those costs. Northstar Policy Action presented data arguing the operation contributed to higher unemployment, reduced hours, lost wages, and business losses, including a reported $106 million in lost wages from reduced hours and an estimated $18 million per week in taxpayer costs. St. Paul Mayor Melvin Carter said the city incurred nearly $1 million in direct costs and estimated small businesses lost about $16 million per week, with major drops in foot traffic and sales, especially among immigrant-owned neighborhood businesses. Other testimony emphasized impacts outside the metro area and on specific communities. Georgia Gallardo of Kerkhoven Cattle Butcher said rural small businesses also suffered, citing reduced sales and weekend traffic. The Minnesota Council of Latino Affairs reported that Latino-owned businesses support thousands of jobs and have seen sales declines of 40% to 90%, while WomenVenture and the Minnesota CDFI Coalition said CDFIs were seeing urgent demand for flexible relief and described businesses delaying hiring, reducing hours, or pausing expansion. Brooklyn Park Police Chief Mark Bruly said federal agents’ conduct during the surge undermined trust, created public safety concerns, and led to overtime and other local costs, while also noting he supports federal immigration enforcement in principle. Fridley Public Schools Superintendent Brenda Lewis said the district lost 112 students since December, still had 72 not returned, and had to rapidly create a virtual learning option for students who did not feel safe attending in person. Across the hearing, witnesses argued the disruption was statewide, not limited to Minneapolis-St. Paul, and that state relief was needed to prevent business closures, job losses, and longer-term damage to communities.