Video & Transcript Research : 'testimonies'
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MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
State Committee Meeting - 2025-04-08
State Government Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- We will take public testimony, hear concerns, praise, whatever people might have for the bill, and then
- We will now open it up for public testimony. Where's my list? Okay, thank you.
- Okay, thank you very much for your testimony. Anyone else wishing to testify? Thank you, Chair.
- Okay, we can then, Chair Cleavorn, is there no further testimony?
- Testimony, I have sandbagged long enough. I've seen nobody rocket out of their chair.
Bills:
HF2783
Keywords:
state government finance, biennial budget, appropriations, Minnesota Management and Budget, Healthy Aging Subcabinet, Office of Healthy Aging, older adults, aging policy, long-term care, caregivers, public health, Medicaid fraud, medical assistance fraud, attorney general subpoena power, fraud enforcement, business filing fraud, Secretary of State, deceptive mailings, consumer protection, certified public accountant
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- If you wish to give public testimony, provide written testimony, or just register a position on a bill
- If you wish to give public testimony, provide written testimony, or just register a position on a bill
- We'll now begin public testimony on SJR 81.
- Hearing and seeing none, public testimony is now closed.
Summary:
The Senate Local Government Committee met with a quorum and considered several bills and resolutions, beginning with Senate Bill 393. The bill would restrict political subdivisions from issuing debt for personal property whose useful life ends before the debt matures, and the committee substitute broadened the restriction to include certificates of obligation and anticipation notes as well as general obligation bonds. Members asked about how the weighted-average maturity calculation works, but no detailed explanation was provided. The committee adopted the substitute and left SB 393 pending without a final vote.
The committee then heard Senate Bill 464, a youth vaping measure by Senator Campbell. The committee substitute defined vaping apparatus, added a Class A misdemeanor, increased the school buffer from 300 feet to 1,000 feet, preserved limited local authority over tobacco-related retail regulation, and removed a 50% threshold. The substitute was adopted, and the bill was reported favorably; it was also placed on the local and uncontested calendar. The committee also took up SJR 81, which would create a general-law exception for up to $25,000 of tangible personal property held for production of income, and after no public testimony it was reported favorably.
Members next considered SB 32, a tax relief measure. The committee substitute reduced the franchise credit amount from $700 million to $500 million, paired with the recently passed $200 million from the related resolution to keep the total at $700 million over the biennium. The substitute was adopted and the bill was reported favorably and placed on the local and uncontested calendar. The committee also reported out SB 996, SB 1163, SB 1173, SB 1277, SB 1453, and SB 2016, with most passing on 5-0 votes; SB 1453 passed 4-1 and SB 2016 passed 4-1. SB 1163 was reported to the full Senate but not placed on the local and uncontested calendar. The committee ended the meeting by leaving SB 393 pending and then adjourning/recessing subject to the chair's call.
FL
Florida 2026 Regular Session
Governmental Oversight and Accountability Mar 11th, 2025
Governmental Oversight and Accountability
Transcript Highlights:
- Members asked questions, and the witness was thanked for the testimony.
- After public testimony, the committee moved into debate.
- There were no additional questions, no public testimony, and no debate.
- Seeing none, is there public testimony? Seeing none, is there debate?
- Public testimony? Seeing none? Debate? There we go. Senator Polsky in debate. Thank you.
Summary:
The Committee on Governmental Oversight and Accountability met and reported several bills favorably. Senate Bill 7000 repealed the sunset on a public records exemption protecting site-specific location information for threatened and endangered species; Senate Bill 7006 preserved exemptions for building plans and related records showing 911, E911, public safety radio, and NG911 infrastructure; and Senate Bill 7004 extended the exemption for property photographs and personal identifying information tied to certain housing assistance programs. Each of those bills drew no questions, no public testimony, and no debate before favorable votes.
The committee also considered Senate Bill 448 on administrative procedure, which proposed broader reforms to the Administrative Procedure Act, including agency rulemaking oversight and cost-benefit analysis requirements. An amendment removed the bill’s eight-year sunset. The Florida Bar’s Administrative Law Section testified with concerns that some provisions could chill agency guidance, increase costs and delays, and create standing issues for challenges. Supportive testimony also came from Americans for Prosperity and the James Madison Institute. After debate, the committee reported the bill favorably as amended.
Senate Bill 1058, as amended, updated state references to the “Gulf of America” in geographic and instructional materials and removed the road designation of Tamami Trail. Senator Polsky objected to the change as unnecessary and wasteful, while the sponsor said the bill simply aligns materials with the new name going forward. The committee adopted the strike-all amendment and then reported the bill favorably. Later, Senate Bill 924 was heard and amended to expand state employee fertility preservation coverage beyond cancer to other medically necessary treatments, remove age limits, require coverage of standard cryopreservation services, and set storage limits. Senators Polsky and Rodriguez praised the measure as important for young patients facing infertility risks, while one senator questioned whether the state group plan was the right vehicle. The committee reported SB 924 favorably, and members later recorded additional affirmative votes on SB 448 and SB 1058 before adjournment.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Okay, we'll open for public testimony. We have Tony Solbrigg, who did that, huh? Right there.
- Hearing none, public testimony is closed.
- The public testimony is now closed. We'll leave the bill pending.
- Seeing none, public testimony is now closed. We dismiss the bill. Thank you.
- Seeing and hearing none, public testimony is closed. We'll leave this bill pending at this time.
Keywords:
balanced budget amendment, federal budget, deficit reduction, deficit spending, fiscal restraint, constitutional amendment, U.S. Constitution, Congress, PAYGO, Gramm-Rudman-Hollings, national debt, budget deficit, taxpayer dollars, balanced budget resolution, memorial resolution, Texas Legislature, federal spending, budget reform, fiscal conservatism, HCR 9
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Committee on Commerce and Consumer Protection - 03/03/26
Commerce and Consumer Protection
Transcript Highlights:
- was also testimony that there's a high volume.
- So, when this testimony was brought in front of you last time, there was some testimony that was stated
- Swanson testimony that was stated by Mr.
- begin your testimony. begin your testimony.
- Thank you, Madam your testimony.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- Thank you very much for your testimony.
- <00:41:56.680>
announc you'd like to get that testimony announc you'd like to get that testimony - 00:43:50.839>
both thank you for your testimony on both thank you for your testimony on both bills - Thank you for your testimony, Dr. Peterson.
- We had testimony, and I'm sure we'll hear it again from Mr.
Keywords:
education, mandate relief, school funding, local control, state laws, fund transfers, 1183, house
CA
Transcript Highlights:
- I want to thank her for her testimony.
- So I thank her for her testimony. I appreciate you hearing that bill.
- Thank you for your testimony, and welcome back. Good to see you again.
- To our opposition witness, I respect the testimony.
- Thank you very much, Senator, and to your witness for your testimony today.
Summary:
The Assembly Standing Committee on Public Safety heard several bills, with most of the discussion centered on criminal justice, public safety, and detention-related issues. SB 498 by Senator Becker would make prison electronic messaging free and end 15-minute limits on voice calls for incarcerated people; supporters said it would strengthen family ties and rehabilitation, while the bill advanced on a due-pass recommendation. SB 953 by Senator Niello would require DMV points to be recorded when a misdemeanor vehicular manslaughter case is dismissed through diversion; family members of crash victims testified in support, the ACLU opposed it as potentially discouraging diversion, and the committee passed the bill to the Transportation Committee.
The committee also heard SB 1306 by Senator Cortese, which would align California law with federal exemptions for certain GBL-containing chemical mixtures used in semiconductor manufacturing. The author and industry witness said the bill would reduce unnecessary regulation without affecting pure GBL, and it passed to Appropriations. SB 941 by Senator Padilla would cap commissary markups in private immigration detention facilities at 35% above vendor cost; supporters described high prices for basic necessities and poor conditions, and the bill advanced on a due-pass vote.
Members also considered SB 691 by Senator Wahab, which would require law enforcement body-camera policies to allow EMS personnel to request redaction of recordings before public release when patients are receiving medical or psychological treatment. Supporters framed it as a privacy measure, while sheriffs’ representatives raised concerns about overlap with existing law and local policy discretion; the bill moved forward on a due-pass recommendation. Finally, SB 562 by Senator Ashby would allow partial refunds of bail bond premiums when charges are not filed or are dropped early; supporters called it a fairness measure for low-income families, while bail industry representatives and some others warned it could reduce incentives to post bail and harm small businesses. The bill advanced on a divided vote. Several other items were adopted on consent or pulled by the authors, and the committee adjourned after completing its votes.
AZ
Transcript Highlights:
- Thank you for your testimony. Mr. Vice Chair. We have Carolyn Watson against? No.
- Lister, for your testimony. And if I could, I'd love to have Mr.
- They've also issued a ...with regard to that particular testimony.
- We received testimony today from Mr.
- Thank you for your testimony. Mr. Vice Chair, any additional request to speak?
Keywords:
individual income tax, subtraction, Arizona Revised Statutes, retirement benefits, adoption costs, charitable contributions, health insurance, premium payment, Arizona State Retirement System, contingent annuitant, long-term disability, benefits limitations, disability compensation, social security, retirement system, elected officials, ASRS, eligibility waiver, age 65, education savings
Summary:
The committee first heard House Bill 2785, a tax conformity measure that would update Arizona statutes to conform to the Internal Revenue Code as of January 1, 2026, including retroactive provisions for tax year 2025. The sponsor and supporters said the bill would align state law with tax forms already issued by the Department of Revenue, provide certainty to filers, and deliver about $440 million in tax relief through provisions such as no tax on tips and overtime, a larger standard deduction, and a $6,000 senior deduction. Opponents argued the bill would significantly reduce state revenue, disproportionately benefit higher-income taxpayers, and should be considered alongside a broader budget plan. After debate and an amendment addressing retroactivity and foreign dividends, the committee approved HB 2785 on a 5-4 vote.
The committee then took up several Arizona State Retirement System and education savings bills. HB 2089 clarified the health insurance premium benefit subsidy for retirees and passed unanimously. HB 2090 changed the disability determination period for long-term disability benefits from 24 months within a five-year period to a straight 24-month period and passed 8-1. HB 2092 allowed employees over age 65 to waive ARS participation within 30 days of becoming eligible and also passed 8-1. HB 2477 conformed Arizona’s 529 education savings plan to federal law, including expanded uses and a permanent rollover to ABLE accounts and Roth IRAs; testimony supported the cleanup and simplification, but some members raised concerns about the Roth rollover and possible use of transferred ESA funds. HB 2477 passed 5-3 with one present vote, and the committee then adjourned.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Just so, uh, just so that everybody knows, we'll be limiting testimony to 3 minutes so that we can make
- All right, here and now we'll go to our testimony. The chair calls. Jack Frazee.
- At this time, the chair calls, we're gonna call, uh, uh, two, testimonies up, uh, Mr.
- If there's no further questions, we'll proceed to testimony. Chair calls Mitch Fuller.
- OK, we'll move to testimony. Thank you. The chair calls Judith McGary. Thank you.
FL
Florida 2026 5th Special Session
Appropriations Committee on Pre-K - 12 Education Apr 15th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- Thank you for your testimony. Next up is Laura Nelson speaking against the bill.
- As you've already heard testimony from other constituents, As you've already heard testimony from other
- Thank you so much for your time and testimony.
- Now we're Thank you so much for your time and testimony.
- Thank you so much for your time and testimony.
Summary:
The Appropriations Committee on Pre-K-12 Education met with a quorum present and took up several education bills. SB 1150, which would remove an unrelated exam barrier for school social workers to help districts retain them, was briefly explained and reported favorably. The committee then heard SB 1514 on anaphylaxis in public schools, which would require emergency action plans and training for school personnel; amendments narrowed and clarified the bill, including applicability to K-8 schools and FDA-approved epinephrine devices. Orange County Public Schools waived in support, and CS/CS/SB 1514 was reported favorably.
The committee spent the most time on SB 1708, which expands Schools of Hope and creates a co-location framework allowing high-performing charter operators to share space in underused public school facilities, with the sponsor explaining that agreements would address safety, supervision, grade levels, emergency protocols, and liability. Members raised concerns about who would be served, lottery access, accountability, and whether the bill would worsen inequities or strain public schools; many public speakers opposed the bill on similar grounds, arguing it would divert resources from already underfunded schools. The sponsor clarified that Schools of Hope recruitment is exempt from lottery, that the bill would not use classrooms already in use, and that districts would receive $600 per student plus associated funding for vacant space. Despite mixed debate, CS for SB 1708 was reported favorably.
Finally, the committee considered CS/SB 822, which updates charter school governance by limiting sponsor-imposed deadlines, preventing enrollment caps below facility capacity, improving data sharing, and allowing high-performing charter schools to assume existing charters. A charter school advocate supported the bill as a fairness and efficiency measure, while senators pressed him on claims of district “harassment” and the basis for the bill’s deadline changes. After brief debate, CS/SB 822 was reported favorably. The meeting ended with members recording votes on prior tabs and adjournment.
ND
North Dakota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Appropriations - Human Resources Division Apr 9th, 2025 at 03:00 pm
Appropriations - Human Resources Division
Transcript Highlights:
- I think he talked about it in his testimony. I think it was maybe like one dog worse.
- I believe that was in my testimony. Let me bring that up. But that was slow starting.
- I believe that was in my testimony. Let me bring that up. But that was slow starting.
- Chairman, in the testimony it was for the intern was at $20,000, I believe, was the request. Mr.
- Chairman, in the testimony it was for the intern was at $20,000, I believe, was the request.
Summary:
The committee took up Senate Bill 2025, the Veterans Home/Veterans Affairs budget, and worked through the long sheet line by line. Members discussed base payroll, salary and health insurance increases, FTE pool adjustments, IT rate increases, operating expenses, transportation grants, the PTSD service dog program, salary equity requests, temporary help/intern funding, a Veterans Benefit Specialist FTE, accrued leave, and several one-time or carryover items including the Fisher House, document scanning, and veterans medical transportation. The committee also reviewed proposed policy language that would shift governance authority for the Veterans Home and Department of Veterans Affairs from the Administrative Committee on Veterans Affairs to the governor, and would remove board authority over salary-setting and related hiring powers.
A major portion of the meeting focused on clarifying the commissioner salary equity line and how the agency had shifted operating dollars to fund the commissioner’s current salary increase. After discussion with agency staff and Lonnie, the committee voted to remove the separate commissioner salary equity increase line and instead restore operating funding, ultimately setting the operating line at $50,000 above the prior amount rather than fully funding the executive request. The committee also approved funding for the Veterans Benefit Specialist FTE, approved a carryforward/exemption for accrued leave, approved authority to accept $200,000 in federal transportation grant funds, approved the $500,000 transfers related to veterans homelessness, and approved the exemption language for certain federal/state fiscal recovery funds after discussing whether the funds were properly obligated.
On the governance amendment, members expressed concern about making a major policy change in an appropriations bill, but also frustration over the board’s salary actions. After debate, the committee adopted the amendment transferring governance authority to the governor by a 7-1 vote. The committee also approved a smaller amount for veteran service officer salary equity than requested, and rejected funding for temporary salaries and an intern. The chair then directed staff to prepare the amended bill for further action, with the committee planning to revisit it once the revised version was ready.
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
Bill proposing Health Aging Subcabinet, HF2725, heard in state gov't committee 4/3/25
Transcript Highlights:
- amendments before us, so, um, Chair Cleor, would you like to move your bill and proceed to your testimony
- would ask that we would go<00:08:09.960>
to <00:08:10.400>public <00:08:10.720>testimony - first thank you go to public testimony first thank you chair<00:08:12.759>
clor <00:08:13.479> - <00:09:41.279>
thank and proceed with your testimony thank and proceed with your testimony - If you'd like to state your name for the record and proceed with your testimony.
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
Human services panel hears HF2143 3/26/25
Minnesota House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- <00:07:16.639>
next <00:07:16.960>testifier, testimony. - Uh to the next testifier, testimony.
- I'll just proceed with your testimony.
- Thank you so much for your testimony. Do we have anyone else? Uh, seeing none.
- Do we have much for your testimony. Do we have anyone<00:17:54.880>
else?
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- All right, Chair Holden, members, thank you for the opportunity to provide testimony for House Bill 215
- Okay, thank you so much for your testimony. Thank you.
- Thank you so much for your testimony today. Thank you. Chair calls Charles.
- Thank you so much for your testimony today.
- If there are no further questions, we will proceed to testimony, and we're going to ask that all testimony
Keywords:
Medicaid, nutrition support, maternal health, chronic conditions, pilot program, DFPS, Department of Family and Protective Services, child protective services, child abuse investigations, child neglect, child exploitation, advisory committee, Family and Protective Services Council, council abolition, foster care, due process, investigative procedures, child welfare, parental rights, family preservation services
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine interdicting illicit drug trafficking, focusing on a view from the front lines. Feb 26th, 2025 at 10:00 am
Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- We will hear powerful testimony from the unthinkable damage caused by illicit drugs like fentanyl to
- Ellinger, you are recognized for five minutes, and I understand that you'll be starting your testimony
- I hope that what comes out of this testimony from both of you, and hopefully there's colleagues on the
- Miller, your testimony mentions a November 2022 incident in which three and marine operations, marine
- Kelly, your testimony mentions your work with the Interdiction Committee.
Keywords:
Coast Guard, maritime drug enforcement, illegal drugs, fentanyl crisis, legislative reforms, public testimony
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation addressed critical issues surrounding maritime drug enforcement and the Coast Guard's role in stopping the influx of illegal drugs. The chairman highlighted the alarming consequences of current policies allowing drugs to cross borders, emphasizing the need for legislative reforms, such as the Coast Guard Reauthorization Act of 2025. There was an intense discussion regarding the operational challenges faced by the Coast Guard, which has recently made significant drug seizures, indicating progress but also revealing gaps that need addressing. Several witnesses, including victims of the drug crisis, shared their compelling testimonies, which underscored the urgency for stricter controls and comprehensive support for law enforcement agencies involved in drug interdiction efforts.
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine the Arctic and Greenland's geostrategic importance to U.S. interests. Feb 12th, 2025 at 09:00 am
Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- You're recognized for your testimony. Thank you very much, Mr.
- As I'll mention in this testimony, the administration has several excellent options to do just that.
- Thanks all of you for your testimony, very enlightening. For Dr.
- So, if I'm understanding your testimony correctly, there are three principal benefits to Denmark. of
- But finding sources, which is, as I mentioned in my testimony. Upstream, zero money available.
Keywords:
Greenland, acquisition, national security, Arctic, geopolitical, China, Russia, icebreakers, trade routes
Summary:
The meeting convened by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation focused on the potential acquisition of Greenland by the United States. This issue, first raised by President Trump in 2019, has gained renewed significance amidst shifting global dynamics and the strategic importance of Greenland in relation to transatlantic trade routes and national security. The members discussed the geopolitical implications of Greenland's position, especially given the increasing influence of China and Russia in the Arctic region. Notably, the urgency to address military presence and icebreaker capabilities in the Arctic was a major point of contention, with a call for a new fleet to counter foreign dominance in the area.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
- Witnesses are asked to limit their testimony to two minutes to ensure the committee is able to complete
- And that’s the sort of testimony... ...that makes a difference in seeing the value in putting a bill
- I'm going to support this bill based on the testimony and the work that the author has done, and the
- It is a real issue, and obviously the testimony of this student really illustrates the importance of
- These are important designations, and Leilani, I really appreciate your testimony.
Summary:
The committee heard several education-related bills, with most of the discussion centered on student privacy, faculty health coverage, Native student data collection, mental health training for coaches, and human trafficking prevention education. AB 1159, the California Learner Personal Information Protection Act, would expand student data privacy protections to higher education, clarify existing ed-tech rules, and add limited enforcement. The author and supporters said current law is outdated and does not adequately protect sensitive student information, while some college-related stakeholders raised definitional concerns about preserving routine student communications and access to course materials. The bill was approved on a due-pass motion to the Senate Privacy, Digital Technologies and Consumer Protection Committee and placed on call.
AB 1171 would keep unspent funds in the part-time community college faculty health insurance program from being swept for other uses and would require all community college districts to begin negotiating participation by 2030. The author and supporters argued that part-time faculty often lack employer-sponsored coverage despite teaching most community college courses, while opponents said the bill was premature because participation is still growing and the program’s full-year spending data is not yet known. Members debated whether the Legislature should preserve the funding in statute or continue handling it through the budget process. The bill passed on a due-pass motion to Senate Appropriations and was placed on call.
AB 1581 would require collection of tribal affiliation data for Native American and Alaska Native students in CalPADS to address severe undercounting and improve resource allocation. The author and tribal and education supporters said Native students are often misclassified, making it harder to provide culturally responsive programs and measure outcomes; committee members discussed how the reporting would work for multitribal and multiracial students and emphasized the need for tribal consultation and workable data definitions. The bill passed on a due-pass motion to Senate Appropriations and was placed on call. AB 1665, requiring mental health training for school coaches, was supported as a way to help trusted adults recognize warning signs and connect student athletes to services; it also passed to Senate Appropriations and was placed on call. AB 1766, which would expand human trafficking prevention education from kindergarten through 12th grade and address online grooming and exploitation, received strong support from the author, survivors, and advocacy groups, with testimony emphasizing earlier prevention and digital safety; the transcript ended during support testimony and did not include final action on that bill.
LA
Transcript Highlights:
- If you wish to give testimony, please fill out a witness card completely. I completely sign it in.
- Your signature is an affirmation that the testimony you give is true.
- I'm sure there's going to be a lot of testimony. There's a lot of cards.
- Well, thank you for your testimony.
- Our testimonies... Offices, this bill is in fact silent on who the clerk will be.
Bills:
SB256
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- Thank you so much for your testimony. Our next testifier is Ayan Aare. Welcome.
- Uh, may be more appropriate. >> Thank you so much for your testimony, Mr. Wald.
- All those in favor say I. >> Thank you so much for your testimony, Mr. Wald.
- Seeing none, thank you so much for your presentation and testimony, Miss Oliver.
- ,<00:37:18.480>
Miss your presentation and testimony, Miss your presentation and testimony
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Select Committee on Child Care Costs Aug 20th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- Thank you very much for your testimony. Good afternoon.
- Thank you for your testimony.
- Thank you for your testimony.
- Thank you so much for inviting my testimony today.
- Thank you very much, and thank you for all the testimony.
Summary:
The California State Assembly Select Committee on Child Care Costs held its first hearing to examine the state of child care access, affordability, and provider compensation. Chair Cecilia Aguiar-Curry and other members described child care as essential infrastructure for working families and the economy, noting that costs are unaffordable for many households and that providers are underpaid. Early testimony came from a San Francisco parent, Quinn Chung, who described the difficulty of finding safe care and the financial and career sacrifices caused by lack of child care, and from Tuolumne County provider Anita Viscini, who detailed her monthly costs, low margins, and the need to work weekends and teach CPR classes to make ends meet. Assemblymembers also emphasized the crisis in rural communities and the need for a long-term strategy.
The first policy panel featured Jennifer Troia of the California Department of Social Services, Laura Pryor of the California Budget and Policy Center, and Alexa Frankenberg of Child Care Providers United. Troia said the state has nearly doubled child care funding in five years, expanded subsidy slots, and reached a new tentative three-year agreement with providers that includes cost-of-living adjustments, stabilization payments, and continued work on an alternative rate methodology and single rate structure. Pryor argued that despite funding gains, child care remains too expensive, only a fraction of eligible children receive subsidies, and provider wages remain far below comparable jobs, worsening racial and gender inequities. Frankenberg said the tentative agreement is progress but not enough, calling for a true cost-of-care system, fair wages, paid time off, better support for emergency and nontraditional care, and stronger integration of family child care into the mixed-delivery system.
Members asked about why the crisis persists, how the alternative methodology will work, how family fees and sliding-scale help are being used, and why middle-income families still struggle. The panel said the problem reflects long-term underinvestment, a broken market, and a system that still leaves many families without access. The committee also heard an economic panel from Ashley Hoffman of the California Chamber of Commerce and Sarah Bone of the Public Policy Institute of California. Hoffman described employer child care benefits and public-private partnership models in other states, including shared-cost programs and local chamber efforts. Bone said child care costs reduce family financial security and labor force participation, especially for mothers of young children, and estimated that if mothers of young children worked at the same rate as mothers of older children, more than 80,000 additional women could be in the workforce each year. In the final panel, parent and provider advocates, including Jennifer Greppie and Black Californians United for Early Care and Education co-founder Keisha Doyle, argued for fully funding child care, ending waiting lists, protecting culturally affirming care, and addressing racial inequities and private equity’s role in the sector.