Video & Transcript Research : 'judicial reporting'
Page 186 of 500
FL
Florida 2026 4th Special Session
February 10, 2026 - 09:00 AM
Transcript Highlights:
- Chair: 10 yea, zero nay. 1620 will be reported favorably.
- Chair: Senate Bill 1051 will be reported favorably.
- Chair: Senate Bill 644 will be reported favorably.
- Chair: 1128 will be reported favorably.
- SB 442 that has reported favorably. Senator Yarborough is at the end of your bills?
NH
Transcript Highlights:
- <00:05:39.759>
that's committee based on a report that's committee based on a report that's - to do the report before?
- committee with regard to the report committee with regard to the report itself itself itself um<
- <00:07:03.000>
I I think perhaps give a verbal report I I think perhaps give a verbal report - little bit later um for the final report little bit later um for the final report but<00:26:37.520
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Committee on Judiciary and Public Safety - Part 2 - 04/17/26
Judiciary and Public Safety
Transcript Highlights:
- uh DOC requirements uh on the behalf of uh DOC on<00:40:14.960>
medical <00:40:15.280>reporting - note, when you look at it, and I hadn't had the information about Hennepin County alone at 1,034 judicial
- ><01:30:27.440>
1,034 Hennepin County alone at at 1,034 Hennepin County alone at at 1,034 judicial - 31.120>
I <01:30:31.200>think <01:30:31.400>the <01:30:31.480>fiscal judicial - actions, and I think the fiscal judicial actions, and I think the fiscal note<01:30:31.960>
was
NM
Transcript Highlights:
- To put in their reporting quarterly, as required by their grant agreements, it's data-driven.
- Beneath the budget information, you'll see their quarterly reports.
- quarterly reports from the beginning of that appropriation.
- I am glad to report that there is new news on this project. It's been kind of stuck for a while.
- So we just came out with an economic impact report.
Bills:
HB1
Keywords:
feed bill, legislative appropriations, legislative branch, New Mexico Legislature, general fund, legislative council service, legislative finance committee, legislative education study committee, house chief clerk, senate chief clerk, per diem, mileage, session expenses, interim committees, district staff, capitol complex, capital outlay data system, legislative processing system, redistricting, census redistricting
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Floor Session May 12th, 2025
California House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Reports of committees will be deemed read and amendments deemed adopted.
- I permit the Committee on Education to meet, consider, and report Assembly Bill 715 for further action
- A friend of mine reported it to the platform.
- The privilege of AB 1109 would create is evidentiary in nature may only be invoked in formal judicial
- I've introduced a number of bills to address this, often under reported epidemic.
NM
Transcript Highlights:
- The Department of Public Safety report has looked at this. They highlighted the safety benefits.
- Emily will have the amendments, and we'll come up with a committee substitute and we'll report that out
- And so I'm just going to rely on the judicial discretion and leave the legislative intent that they would
- They're required to report more information about their business than almost any other entity.
- literally is identifying information, such as names, addresses, and things that are required to be reported
DE
Delaware 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Legislative Session - Session 2 - 42nd Legislative Day Jun 30th, 2026
Delaware Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- President, reports from various committees. Madam Reading Clerk, please read the committee reports.
- Secretary, do we have committee reports? Madam Reading Clerk, please read in committee reports.
- We then have to get further search reports."
- And so do those audit reports become public?
- Secretary, Madam President, report from committee. Mr. Assistant Secretary, committee reports.
Summary:
The Senate received communications from the House on numerous measures, including several bills and resolutions passed with amendments, committee reports on bills such as large energy use facilities, campaign finance, voting rights, and appropriations, and a list of pre-file legislation. The chamber then moved through a long floor session with confirmations, bill readings, and roll-call votes, ultimately confirming the nomination of Morgan T. Zern to the Delaware Supreme Court by a 21-0 vote.
Among the major policy items considered were property tax and school tax measures tied to the statewide reassessment. The Senate passed House Bill 460, clarifying monthly municipal permit-data reporting to New Castle County; House Bill 461, granting temporary authority for New Castle County school districts to reset school tax rates for one cycle; and House Bill 462, making the split school tax rate permanent with a lower nonresidential cap. Members discussed the fiscal effects at length, including testimony from a school district finance officer that HB 461 would allow revenue-neutral rate setting and offset the fiscal note on HB 462. The Senate also passed House Bill 365 creating a Delaware Indigenous Affairs Commission, House Bill 458 on backflow requirements for low-hazard buildings, Senate Bill 27 establishing the Office of New Americans with a sunset and interagency coordination, and Senate Bill 315 on the Delaware Technical Innovation Program.
The chamber also approved Senate Substitute 1 for Senate Bill 300, a firearms dealer regulation bill, after extensive debate over amendments, confidentiality, background checks, and the balance between public safety and burdens on lawful dealers. Several members raised constitutional and practical objections, while supporters argued the bill would reduce trafficking, straw purchases, and theft from dealers. In addition, the Senate passed House Bill 305 creating a diabetes wellness pilot program, with supporters emphasizing the state’s diabetes burden and the program’s federal funding, and House Concurrent Resolution 157, which asks the State Lottery Office to report on iLottery’s impact on small businesses. Senate Bill 325, a fire prevention/background-check bill, was laid on the table after concerns about a late House amendment and requests for more time to consult stakeholders.
HI
Hawaii 2026 Regular Session
WLA, WLA DEFER Public Hearings 02-18-2026
Transcript Highlights:
- pathway for expansion through reporting. pathway for expansion through reporting.
- might create judicial bottlenecks. might create judicial bottlenecks.
- We'll also note in the committee report We'll also note in the committee report um<02:23:17.920>
- , >> in the committee report, >> in the committee report, >> right?
- purpose, duties um reporting purpose, duties um reporting requirements.<02:38:59.920>
um <
Summary:
The committee took up Senate Bill 3019, which would cap ticket resale prices at face value for events in Hawaii and authorize DCCA to enforce violations. DCCA’s Office of Consumer Protection opposed the bill and said it preferred a ticket transparency approach focused on upfront disclosure of fees, while supporters argued the measure would curb scalping, bots, and extreme markups. Testimony from the National Independent Venue Association and a concert promoter emphasized that resale does not add inventory and said the bill would protect consumers; committee members questioned DCCA about enforcement and cited examples of very high resale prices for local concerts. No vote was taken in the excerpt, and the chair said the measure would be moved along for further consideration.
The committee then heard Senate Bill 3311, which would create the Strengthen Hawaii Homes Program within DLNR to fund fire-mitigation grants for residential property owners. DLNR supported the bill, saying the need is immediate and that the program is modeled on successful mainland efforts, though the department said it ultimately belongs under the State Fire Marshal once that office has capacity. DCCA’s Insurance Division submitted written comments only. The measure was received without further action in the excerpt.
Senate Bill 2979, authorizing DLNR and community-based organizations to enter community co-management agreements for state lands, drew broad support from OHA, community groups, and several individuals, who said the bill would formalize partnerships, strengthen shared responsibility, and help community stewardship efforts. Testifiers clarified that the bill does not require 65-year agreements and said the term should be left to DLNR’s discretion. The committee then moved on without questions or a vote shown in the excerpt.
Finally, the committee heard Senate Bill 2351 on the state park special fund, which would allow DLNR to use fund monies for environmental protection programs. DLNR’s state parks administrator opposed the bill, saying the special fund is already fully committed to urgent maintenance and infrastructure needs across an aging park system, and warned that diverting money would weaken the fund’s ability to support parks. The Tax Foundation also submitted written testimony, and a community witness opposed the measure for similar reasons. The excerpt ends as the committee begins Senate Bill 2918, which would require HCDA to establish a community action center in Chinatown; HCDA’s executive director expressed concern about jurisdiction and said the city and county should continue leading that work.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Judiciary Finance and Civil Law Committee 2/24/26
Judiciary Finance and Civil Law
Transcript Highlights:
- You're going to hear from my colleagues about reports of potential constitutional violations and federal
- I want to emphasize that we often receive additional reports of these types of violations occurring when
- <00:04:46.080>
of <00:04:46.720>potential about reports of potential about reports - <00:05:20.000>
extremely and verifying reports extremely and verifying reports extremely difficult - to file a report. to file a report.
Keywords:
civil rights, law enforcement, federal collaboration, accountability, state law, constitutional rights, color of law, 42 U.S.C. 1983, section 1983, civil action, damages, injunctive relief, attorney fees, law enforcement task force, federal-state cooperation, intergovernmental agreement, federal agency partnership, Minnesota Constitution, U.S. Constitution, police accountability
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Budget Subcommittee No. 2 on Human Services Mar 12th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- Why would you set up a shadow of a hotline that still takes reports, investigates reports, and captures
- Why would you set up a shadow of a hotline that still takes reports, investigates reports, and captures
- Why would you set up a shadow of a hotline that still takes reports, investigates reports, and captures
- Mandated reporters recognize their duty to report, and consequences for not reporting mean potential
- Do they report online? Where do the majority of the reports come from?
Summary:
The Assembly Budget Subcommittee on Human Services held an informational hearing on child welfare, foster care, child support, and related prevention efforts. The chair opened by emphasizing mandated reporting reform, foster care system improvements, and community-based prevention, and noted that no votes would be taken. Public testimony focused first on mandated reporting, where a lived-experience advocate and several organizations argued that the current system overreports families, especially Black, Native, and Latino families, causes trauma, and should be reformed through standardized training, clearer thresholds, and stronger community supports rather than more hotline referrals. Casey Family Programs cited data showing nearly 90% of reports are unsubstantiated, while CDSS said it is already forming a Mandated Reporting Advisory Committee, updating training, and exploring community pathways and possible changes to the list of mandated reporters. CWDA and SEIU supported training and alternative response concepts but stressed child safety, county capacity, funding, and the need for careful implementation and accountability.
The committee then discussed a proposal to create a foster care multi-agency office within the California Health and Human Services Agency, led by a chief foster youth advocate with authority to coordinate across departments. Advocates said foster youth often need services from education, health, housing, and behavioral health systems that do not coordinate well, and argued that a central office with real authority could improve placement stability and access to services. CDSS responded that existing structures already provide coordination, including AB 2083 interagency teams, the Child Welfare Council, complex care steering committees, and the foster care ombudsperson, but said it was open to technical assistance. Members raised concerns about whether the new office would have enough authority and funding to avoid becoming another layer of bureaucracy, and the chair emphasized the need for real “teeth” and better interagency action.
The final major topic was the continuation and expansion of Promise Neighborhoods. A community leader described strong early results from the state-funded neighborhoods, including improved kindergarten readiness, reduced chronic absenteeism, higher graduation rates, food access, housing supports, and mental health services, but warned that current funding sunsets in June 2025 and that a fiscal cliff could jeopardize staff and services. CDSS said the four funded neighborhoods have reported positive outcomes and valuable flexibility, but also noted challenges with one-time funding, student mental health, and long-term planning. Assemblymember Mia Bonta urged continued investment, saying the place-based model is difficult to rebuild once lost, and the chair asked LAO to help identify the minimum funding needed to preserve the existing infrastructure while evaluation results are still pending.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Committee on Housing and Homelessness Prevention - 03/24/26
Housing and Homelessness Prevention
Transcript Highlights:
- Chair Port, Senator Draheim, and in the they on there, is that the landlord or the judicial system?
- Chair Port, Senator Draheim, and in the they on there, is that the landlord or the judicial system?
- > are<00:35:28.320>
the <00:35:28.440>ones <00:35:28.760>that the credit reports - are the ones that the credit reports are the ones that would<00:35:29.200>
give <00:35:30.240> - so we can fully understand the report so we can fully understand the picture.<01:08:04.520>
Um,
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- General has the authority to challenge the constitutionality of these federal directives to the judicial
Keywords:
municipal libraries, state funding, gender identity, public events, children's literature, SB 19, Texas, political subdivision, local government, county, city, municipality, taxpayer-funded lobbying, lobbying ban, public funds, registered lobbyist, Chapter 305, Government Code, Local Government Code, county association dues
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- General has authority to challenge the constitutionality of these federal directives through the judicial
Keywords:
municipal libraries, state funding, gender identity, public events, children's literature, SB 19, Texas, political subdivision, local government, county, city, municipality, taxpayer-funded lobbying, lobbying ban, public funds, registered lobbyist, Chapter 305, Government Code, Local Government Code, county association dues
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Committee on Financial Services Jun 21st, 2026 at 10:00 am
Joint Committee on Financial Services
Transcript Highlights:
- I urge the committee to report the bill out favorably, and thank you again for this opportunity.
- I’m happy to report that all stakeholders remain fine with the language of the DCFA as introduced.
- So I hope the committee will once again vote favorably on the compromise language and will report it
- So again, I urge the committee to report favorably on these bills, and we will be providing you with
- The most famous decision in this foreclosure crisis is from the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court,
Summary:
The Committee on Financial Services heard testimony on several bills focused on consumer debt, mortgage regulation, credit unions, and foreclosure prevention. The Attorney General’s Office strongly supported the Debt Collection Fairness Act (S. 735/H. 1275), saying it would curb abusive debt collection, prevent stale claims, limit civil arrest warrants, modernize wage garnishment rules, and reduce judgment interest rates. Senator Eldridge and legal aid advocates echoed that support, while the Massachusetts Bankers Association and the Massachusetts Mortgage Bankers Association supported bills on credit union mission/competition, consumer privacy in mortgage applications, subprime loan definitions, UCC updates, and protections for vulnerable adults, but opposed foreclosure mediation proposals and several credit union expansion measures, arguing they would distort competition and add unnecessary burdens.
A large portion of the hearing focused on foreclosure prevention bills (S. 765/H. 1090), with testimony from homeowners, housing organizers, and legal advocates describing predatory lending, confusing servicing practices, health harms, and displacement caused by foreclosure. Supporters said a statewide pre-foreclosure mediation program would give borrowers and lenders a chance to reach alternatives such as loan modifications or repayment plans, and cited local experience in Lynn where mediation reportedly produced high rates of foreclosure alternatives. Opponents from the banking industry argued Massachusetts already has strong foreclosure protections and that a new mandatory process could delay resolution without added benefit, though they also noted a 2024 pilot should be evaluated first.
The committee also heard strong support for H. 1282/S. 684, which would update the Massachusetts Uniform Commercial Code. State Street and a bankruptcy attorney said the changes are needed to keep commercial law current with electronic transactions, tokenized assets, and blockchain technology, and to maintain competitiveness with other states. The hearing concluded after public testimony, with no bill votes taken during the session; the chair thanked speakers and the committee voted to adjourn.
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
Opening Day of the Ninety-fourth Session of the Minnesota Legislature 1/14/25
Minnesota House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Representative Nisa offers the following resolution, and the clerk will report the resolution.
- The clerk will report the resolution.
- shall have be appointed by the speaker shall have made<01:07:33.000>
its <01:07:33.200>report - and<01:07:34.279>
the <01:07:34.440>new <01:07:34.760>permanent made its report - and the new permanent made its report and the new permanent rules<01:07:35.720>
have <01:07:35.880
Summary:
The House convened for the opening of the 2025-2026 Minnesota legislative session. Secretary of State Steve Simon called the chamber to order, appointed a clerk pro tem, and Pastor Ben Mayatt delivered the prayer before the Pledge of Allegiance. The clerk then conducted the roll call, and after an initial dispute over quorum and authority, the House determined that 67 members were present, establishing a quorum.
The main business was organizing the House. Members nominated and seconded Representative Lisa Demuth for Speaker, and she was elected on a 67-0 roll call vote. After taking the oath, Speaker Demuth delivered remarks emphasizing service, civility, bipartisan cooperation, accountability, and focusing on practical results for Minnesotans. The House also adopted a resolution accepting the findings in the District 40B election contest and declaring a vacancy there, and another resolution adopting temporary House rules for the session, including a committee structure and a fraud prevention/state government oversight committee.
Members then adopted a resolution authorizing necessary House employees to continue working, and the Speaker announced appointments for Speaker pro tempore, Deputy Speaker pro tempore, and the House Committee on Rules and Legislative Administration. The House also approved permanent desk assignments for the Republican and DFL caucuses. The session ended with announcements about a reception and a Rules Committee meeting, followed by adjournment until noon on Wednesday, January 15, 2025.
NH
New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session
House Ways and Means (01/21/2025)
Transcript Highlights:
- working and um reporting working and um reporting properly<00:37:05.119>
so <00:37:05.599> - through the county those are um reported through the county those are um reported to<01:54:07.719
- You will get a report that looks like this. So this report shows the total amount. It has two...
- reports reports digitally<04:21:00.080>
uh <04:21:01.040>by <04:21:01.479>October Securities regulation and judicial Securities regulation and judicial branch<04:33:16.279>that'll
Summary:
The committee received an overview from Chris of the Legislative Budget Assistance Office on how it will estimate unrestricted revenues for the General Fund, Education Trust Fund, Highway Fund, and Fish and Game Fund. He explained that the committee’s work is based on current law, not pending bills, and that the estimates will feed into a House resolution and an amendment to House Bill 1, the operating budget. He also described the broader budget process, including how House and Senate estimates are reconciled, how surplus statements account for revenue changes from enacted bills, and how a committee of conference could resolve differences later in the session. No votes were taken.
Members then asked about why the Education Trust Fund was running below plan. Chris said the shortfall appeared to be driven largely by business taxes, including differences in the BET/BPT split and improved tax-processing systems that better track where business tax payments belong. Representative Orr also asked about tobacco tax collections and out-of-state sales; Chris said tobacco revenue was likely overestimated in 2023 based on COVID-era patterns, with more people smoking at home, and noted that e-cigarette tax revenue goes to the General Fund while cigarette taxes are split between the General Fund and Education Trust Fund. He said he did not have a specific estimate for cross-border sales.
Commissioner Lindsay St. Pierre of the Department of Revenue then began a deeper dive into the department’s role and the taxes it administers. She reviewed the department’s mission, organizational structure, taxpayer services, and the tax policy and legislative analysis staff who prepare fiscal notes and testify on bills. She noted that the department administers about $2.9 billion in revenue across major taxes such as business taxes, meals and rooms, and utility property tax, and that the figures being discussed were preliminary because the annual report had not yet been issued. The discussion was informational only, with no formal action taken.
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
House Human Services Finance and Policy Committee 1/16/25
Human Services Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- c> report any person may report voluntarily report any person may report voluntarily report suspected
- The vast majority of the reports DHS receives are for vulnerable adult maltreatment reports.
- DHS received 7,730 maltreatment reports; 8% of those reports were assigned for investigation.
- The vast majority of the reports DHS receives are for vulnerable adult maltreatment reports.
- >
to these reports are instead reported to these reports are instead reported to counties<01:09
Summary:
The committee met for an introductory overview of its jurisdiction and staff roles. Nonpartisan House Research and House Fiscal staff explained that they draft bills and amendments, prepare bill summaries and background research, answer legal and fiscal questions, and help track revenue and budget effects. They also distributed a Budget Overview Brief intended to condense the larger budget materials into a more usable format for members.
Staff then walked through the Human Services budget and the committee’s areas of responsibility. They described the department structure, noting that DHS oversees administration, compliance, rulemaking, and county support, and that the overall Human Services budget is large, with medical assistance as the dominant program. They also explained recent and upcoming reorganizations: many children and family-related functions are moving to the new Department of Children, Youth, and Families, Direct Care and Treatment is becoming its own agency, and some homelessness-related functions remain at DHS. Staff reviewed how the budget is organized by program and budget activity, the difference between direct appropriations and standing appropriations, and how forecasted programs and “tails” work in the budget process.
The presentation also covered Medicaid financing and long-term care. Staff explained the federal-state FMAP match, including Minnesota’s current 51.16% federal match for most Medicaid spending, the CHIP match, and the 90% federal share for the expansion population. For long-term care, they outlined Medical Assistance services for elderly and disabled people, state-funded long-term care supports, and Board on Aging programs. They highlighted the personal care assistance program’s phaseout and replacement by Community First Services and Supports, and reviewed the five home- and community-based waivers.
Members asked one question about refugee resettlement funding, specifically whether it covers flights; staff said they would need to follow up on the exact use of the federal funds. No bills were heard, and no formal votes or other committee actions were taken during this meeting.
MS
Mississippi 2026 Regular Session
Judiciary, Division A - Room 216, 2 February, 2026; 3:30 PM
Judiciary, Division A
Transcript Highlights:
- caagid nek xayyooweh sugem uh nummaak session xayyooweh sugem uh nummaak session qimbisseh tan wak, judicial
- Judicial operations fund deqsita fund, uh ni court system akah aban innah lakqo akah alle waannah abak
Summary:
The meeting focused heavily on proposed changes to Mississippi’s chancery court system, especially Senate Bill 2472 and related bills. The discussion centered on moving or expanding certain chancery court functions, creating a statewide or county-based structure for some positions, and whether those changes would be workable in practice. Speakers repeatedly emphasized that any reform should be functional, not just well-intentioned, and raised concerns about preserving court operations, confidentiality, and the ability of judges and staff to handle cases locally.
A major theme was opposition from some chancery judges and related officials, who argued that the proposal could undermine the existing chancery system and create problems for CPS, delinquency matters, and other sensitive cases. Supporters of the reform said the current system is uneven and that a clearer, more modern structure is needed. There was also discussion of a pilot program in LeFlore County and comparisons to practices in Georgia and other states, with some testimony suggesting the pilot showed the concept could work.
The transcript also touched on funding and implementation details, including judicial operations funding, budget notes, and the need for a roadmap before moving forward. Several speakers asked for the bill language to be clarified, including specific line references and effective dates, and discussed whether the changes would require amendments to existing law. The exchange ended with continued disagreement over whether the proposal should advance as written or be revised further before action.
NH
New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session
House Labor, Industrial and Rehabilitative Services (01/27/2026)
Labor, Industrial and Rehabilitative Services
Transcript Highlights:
- If you don't have it in, it report.
- <00:04:03.840>
That's won't go in report. So that's it. That's won't go in report. - <00:04:56.320>
and going to the floor uh with reports and going to the floor uh with reports - about our judicial department. about our judicial department.
- right reports?" And things like that. right reports?" And things like that.
Summary:
The committee first reviewed House Bill 1150, which would require disclosure of complaints to public employees within five business days. Members said the sponsor was still working on an amendment, so the bill was held for another week with the understanding it would be executed next week if no amendment was ready. The chair also outlined the committee’s schedule, including upcoming floor reports and the goal of finishing the remaining committee bills on time.
The committee then took up House Bill 1168, concerning employer documentation requirements. Supporters argued the bill would give employers more time to gather payroll records, especially when claims arise years later, and said the current system should be adjusted for fairness to businesses. Opponents, including several members, said payroll records are usually electronic and should be produced quickly so workers waiting on wages are not delayed. The Department of Labor deputy commissioner testified that employers can already request extensions and that further extensions could still be requested under the current process. The committee voted 11-9 to ought to pass HB 1168.
Next, House Bill 1250, dealing with notice, documentation, and job reinstatement requirements for leave related to childbirth, postpartum care, and pediatric appointments, was considered. Members said the statute was newly enacted, had been carefully negotiated, and should be allowed to work before being revised. The committee voted 20-0 to recommend inexpedient to legislate, and the bill was placed on the consent calendar.
Finally, the committee heard House Bill 1043, which would allow private employers to adopt their own minimum pay policies for report-to-work situations instead of being bound by the current two-hour minimum, so long as the policy is established in advance. The sponsor said the bill would modernize an outdated law and preserve the current default if no policy is adopted. Members raised questions about collective bargaining agreements and whether the bill could weaken existing worker protections, while the sponsor and supporters said it was intended to provide flexibility rather than a mandate. The hearing continued with questions and discussion, but no final vote was taken in the portion provided.
MO
Missouri 2026 Regular Session
Joint Committee on Administrative Rules Jun 12th, 2026 at 10:00 am
Joint Committee on Administrative Rules
Transcript Highlights:
- We met with them or I met with them and reported back to the Joint Task Force in June of 2024.
- We met with them or I met with them and reported back to the Joint Task Force in June of 2024.
- In the state of Missouri, we have over 1,300 pharmacies reporting dispensation information.
- I report to Dr. Katie Friedberg, who I believe participated in the February 2025 meeting.
- because it is a substantive change in a rule midstream, so to speak, without any legislative or judicial