Transcript Highlights:

• This would provide $890,100 as the state's match for the cost to design a National Guard Readiness Center
• That would provide $890,100 as the state's match for the cost to design a National Guard Readiness Center
• It also provides the Division of Public Works the authority to expend any matching funds, and it provides
• the Division of Public Works the authority to reallocate project savings from one approved project to
• The authority to reallocate project savings from one approved project to any other with the approval

Keywords: 989, all

Summary: The committee took up a series of JFAC budget items, beginning with health education programs. Members approved an FY 2027 increase of $900,000 and 2.5 FTP for psychiatry, family medicine, OB fellowship, child psychiatry, and veterinary education slots. They then adopted language to shift funding for the family medicine OB fellowship to the rural health transformation program if those funds become available before July 1, 2026, with the general fund then redirected to undergraduate medical education seats under H 368. The language drew debate about whether rural health money should be reserved for rural facilities and whether the provision would preempt a future committee’s role, but it ultimately passed. The committee next approved the Office of the State Board of Education budget, including Canvas LMS renewal, transfer of risk managers to institutions, and a federal post-secondary improvement grant, with a net increase of $4,487,900 and a reduction of four FTP. For colleges and universities, a substitute motion to add general fund support for an additional rescission restoration and other items failed, and the original motion passed instead, providing a smaller increase. Community colleges received a one-time general fund increase of $1,123,200 after the committee rejected a substitute that would have only reduced Canvas costs. Career Technical Education was addressed twice: first, the committee approved $957,600 one-time from the Career Ready Students Fund to restore a prior rescission in secondary programs; later, it approved $1,877,300 one-time from the same fund for secondary CTE programs after rejecting a substitute that would have used ongoing general fund support. The Department of Administration budget included utilities, Medicaid procurement staffing, training, document services, IT hardware, and a rescission correction. The committee rejected the main motion after concerns were raised about staffing for a large Medicaid managed care contract, but then approved the Permanent Building Fund budget, including $890,100 for design of a National Guard Readiness Center in Bonneville County and $71.6 million for replacement items and maintenance projects. Standard language and reporting language for that fund were adopted by unanimous consent. Finally, the State Lottery received approval for $25,800 in dedicated funds for replacement computers used in scratch-game design. The committee adjourned after announcing future work group meetings and upcoming budget agenda items.

Transcript Highlights:

• I do want to thank Lisa for her work with me during the interim on cattle guards.
• We've had a big issue with cattle guards in McKinley County.
• I do want to thank Lisa for her work with me during the interim on cattle guards.
• We've had a big issue with cattle guards in McKinley County.
• and... ...about major interstate projects, but we talked about things like cattle guards.

Summary: The committee first heard HB 299, a bill to support the Highway 180 project between Deming and Silver City. The sponsors described it as a three-phase road expansion that is already partly complete, but they emphasized rising construction costs, frequent accidents, heavy mining traffic, and the importance of the route to the local economy, tourism, and access to Silver City. A DOT engineer confirmed the project’s phases and cost increases, and the bill drew support from a former DOT official and others. The committee voted do pass, 6-0. The committee then heard HB 325, which would create a railroad crossing safety fund to help improve crossings statewide with lights, gates, overpasses, and other safety measures. Sponsors said the fund would be seeded with a modest amount and could leverage local, federal, and possibly public-private funding, with DOT setting rules and priorities. Railroad lobbyists from Union Pacific and BNSF supported the bill, saying it would help address a major public safety issue, especially for smaller communities. The committee voted do pass. Next, SB 73 was presented to require driver education schools to include at least three hours of instruction on vulnerable road users, such as pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists. Supporters said the bill would improve awareness and safety at low cost, and public testimony included a bicyclist and a parent who lost a daughter in a crash involving a vulnerable road user. Some members asked how the requirement would apply to first-time or older drivers, and sponsors said it would be part of driver education curriculum developed by MVD and DOT. The committee voted do pass, with one member explaining a vote to note the bill should be read as applying to any first-time driver, not just young drivers. The committee also heard SB 111, which would align the Motor Vehicle Division’s confidentiality rules with last session’s SB 36 by protecting personal information such as sex, gender identity, immigration status, and national origin from public disclosure. The Taxation and Revenue Department said the change was meant to close a gap in the law and prevent release of sensitive data in response to public records requests, while still allowing disclosure for law enforcement and other legally required purposes. The bill passed on a 6-1 vote, with one member voting no and saying he was frustrated by last-minute efforts to fix problems he did not see as existing. The meeting concluded with lengthy DOT district presentations from District 1 and District 6, covering budgets, completed and ongoing projects, local road and bridge work, equipment needs, and unfunded priorities. Members asked about specific projects, freight routes, cattle guards, dust and weather issues, striping contractors, and how projects are prioritized under the state’s asset management scoring system. DOT officials said many projects were complete or underway, that some major projects would be funded through Senate Bill 2 or other appropriations, and that equipment and recurring maintenance funding remain major concerns. The committee adjourned after thanking DOT staff and members for their work.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:01:01.400><c> and</c> with significant authority and with significant authority and influence
• the authority of licensed dental<00:33:07.440><c> professionals.
• ,</c><00:33:35.080><c> and</c> standards, delegation authority, and standards, delegation authority,
• <00:40:31.480><c> a</c><00:40:31.560><c> report</c> authorize a report authorize a report to<00:40:33.160
• </c><00:51:41.360><c> who</c> And members of our National Guard who And members of our National Guard

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The House convened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, established a quorum with 95 members present, excused absent members, and adopted a legislative citation honoring Dave Buzz Baker for his long career with WKYT and the UK Sports Network. The Senate clerk then reported several Senate bills passed by the Senate and requested concurrence. The House approved the journal and received committee reports advancing a wide range of bills on agriculture, banking and insurance, judiciary, licensing and regulations, education, and information technology, covering topics such as agricultural procurement, pesticide labeling, vehicle financial protection products, proxy advisory services, financial exploitation, status offenses, firearms liability protections, school administrator salaries, sick leave, school safety, and data privacy. The chamber then considered House Bill 468 on civil rights. The bill would update the Kentucky Civil Rights Act to align the definition of disability with the federal ADA, and it would remove the Kentucky Human Rights Commission’s adjudicative powers over employment and public accommodations disputes while preserving investigative functions. House Floor Amendment 1 was adopted; it removed language barring attorney’s fees, preserved local commissions’ investigative powers, authorized local commissions and private plaintiffs to file civil actions in circuit court, and extended the probable-cause determination period from 30 to 180 days. The bill, as amended, passed 72-22. House Bill 757, the session’s revenue bill, was then debated. Its sponsor described provisions including moratoriums on certain local school district taxes, Internal Revenue Code conformity, new taxes on data brokering, fantasy contests, and predictive markets, EV charging station inspection fees, elimination of some tax expenditures, Department of Revenue cleanup provisions, and process changes for inheritance tax, property tax delinquencies, and other measures. Members raised concerns that the bill would limit local school boards’ taxing options and could affect bonding and school construction; the sponsor said TIF-related provisions would sunset future participation, not existing projects, and that the bill had been developed with agency input. House Bill 757 passed 69-18. The House also passed House Bill 727, creating the Kentucky Education Placement Service System for teacher applicants and district job postings, by a vote of 94-0. The chamber then took up House Bill 776, a modernization of the Dental Practice Act, with changes to board authority, licensure renewal, hygienist and assistant rules, and telehealth standards; the sponsor noted an ownership-related issue and presented House Floor Amendment 1 for consideration, but the transcript cuts off before final action on that amendment and the bill.

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm also enlisted in the Army National Guard as a Chinook helicopter mechanic.
• I'm also enlisted in the Army National Guard as a Chinook helicopter mechanic.
• National Guard as a Chinook helicopter<00:08:35.640><c> mechanic.
• So, I want to say thank you for your work in the National Guard.
• So, I want to say thank you for your work in the National Guard.

Keywords: 919, house, all

Summary: House File 1791 was presented as a scholarship/grant program for students in postsecondary technical or career programs offered through their high schools. Representative Scott and Representative Lawrence described it as a way to help students transition into careers or further education by covering costs such as tools, boots, books, and other work-related expenses. The chair noted the bill would be laid over, with limited time for testimony because of a full agenda. Testimony strongly supported the bill. Steve Collina of the Minnesota Precision Manufacturing Association said manufacturing is a major Minnesota industry and that the bill fills a gap by supporting K-12 career pathways; he emphasized the proposal would not cost the state or taxpayers. Trevor Quennell, a Centennial High School graduate now at Dunwoody College, said the bill would have eased the burden of buying expensive tools and balancing work, school, and transportation. Eric Trost, an instructor at St. Francis High School, explained that Saints Manufacturing is a student-run, elective business-style program that teaches estimating, quoting, logistics, welding, machining, and employability skills, and he said the grant portion is especially important because many students go directly into the workforce. Naomi Brasky, a St. Francis student and Army National Guard enlistee, said the program has given her real-world problem-solving and communication experience and that grants would help cover costs not included in tuition. Members responded positively, with one noting broader trends away from four-year college and calling the bill common sense. In closing, Representative Lorentzen credited instructor Eric Trost for originating the idea and thanked an audience member, Mr. Yost, for supporting the program. The chair then laid House File 1791 over.

Transcript Highlights:

• That's the estimated cost for a pension offset for National Guard order to state active duty, and that
• That's the estimated cost for a pension offset for National Guard order to state active duty, and that
• These are from Representative Olsen's proposal to provide members of the National Guard with a pension
• These are from Representative Olsen's proposal to provide members of the National Guard with a pension
• </c> provide members of the National Guard provide members of the National Guard with<00:09:14.320><c

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:23:05.120><c> more</c> aligning political authority more aligning political authority more closely
• And I wanted a prior authorization for my life-saving infusion that they kept denying.
• </c> situation that gives it no um no guard situation that gives it no um no guard rails<04:09:26.239
• </c><04:35:08.561><c> the</c> two specific statutory authorization the two specific statutory authorization
• ,</c><04:35:25.600><c> the</c> Congress gives authorization, the Congress gives authorization, the president

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• House Bill 77, if you remember, authorizes local and state police to enforce federal traffic laws on
• And what the Governor's recommendation does is it adds an authorization for the Virginia State Police
• We authorize the Department of Rail and Public Transportation to identify other high-capacity transit
• So payroll contributions to this fund shall be authorized. They are not voluntary.
• This fund shall be authorized. They are not voluntary. They are a forced contribution to this fund.

Keywords: April 22, 2026 - Reconvened Session, 976, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> authorization agent. authorization agent.
• </c> authorized by the legislature in 2025. authorized by the legislature in 2025.
• Is that in the service authorization and do you need authorization for it? No, that's >> Dr.
• authorization and do you need authorization<01:10:36.760><c> for</c><01:10:36.960><c> it?
• </c> authorization for it? authorization for it?

Bills: HF4207, HF4338

Keywords: housing aid, local housing trust, funding projects, income provisions, technical changes, human services, medical assistance, Medicaid, provider enrollment, provider revalidation, fraud prevention, program integrity, background study, background check, fingerprinting, licensing, license revocation, payment withholding, payment suspension, prepayment review

Transcript Highlights:

• We received significant support from the authorization of $60 million for the New Mexico GROW appropriate
• There's a number of people that are very nervous that we're not guarding the doors.
• And we partnered with Sandia National Laboratory and Navajo Tribal Utility Authority.
• road that will go into this site, because right now there is no cattle guard.
• And then also through Navajo Tribal Utility Authority, they don't have an actual physical address for

Keywords: 996, all

Transcript Highlights:

• You mentioned, you know, shower rails, guard rails, things like that, moving it outside of the multifamily
• Those that are in independent living facilities fall under the authority of the Residential Landlord-Tenant
• The Guard with LeadingAge Washington, representing long-term care providers, testifying as other on this
• There's a real need for a neutral outside authority to help us.

Bills: HB2299, HB2118, HB2236

Keywords: seniors, independent living, ombudsman, elderly support, continuing care retirement communities, common interest communities, restrictions, property rights, homeowners association, community governance, housing finance, affordable housing, housing commission, state agency, financial assistance, 904, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Last night, I was talking with the leadership of the New Mexico National Guard.
• When I got in the National Guard in 1983, we had units in almost every little town in New Mexico.
• H.J.R. 3 would split the authority; it fragments the authority.
• about delegating legislative authority? Or what are your thoughts on that? So Mr.
• So often now, we are giving broad authority to unelected officials.

Keywords: 996, all

Transcript Highlights:

• This is RS 33784 on supporting the National Guard.
• This is RS 33784 on supporting the National Guard.
• The Idaho National Guard, based out at Gowen Field, their mission currently deals with supporting the
• This legislation affirms that the Idaho Legislature supports the Idaho National Guard and their efforts

Keywords: 989, all

Summary: The Ways and Means Committee met and considered three RS measures. RS 33784, introduced by Representative Monks for Representative Palmer, expressed legislative support for the Idaho National Guard’s modernization efforts at Gowen Field, including the transition from A-10 aircraft to F-16s. After a motion to reconsider the initial action, the committee voted to introduce the RS and send it to the floor with a recommendation that it be placed on the second reading calendar. The committee then heard RS 33779, a cleanup measure related to last year’s school choice legislation. Monks said it clarifies age eligibility, allows school-related purchases from multiple vendors, and specifies the tax credit source, with no substantive policy or fiscal changes. Representative Birch opposed it, saying he had not supported the underlying bill and thought the measure should have included proportional spending cuts. The committee voted to introduce the RS, with Representatives Church and Birch recorded as nays. Finally, the committee considered RS 33752, a replacement for House Bill 495 concerning denturistry and dentistry board structure. Representative Ehlers explained the only change was to specify that the denturist seat on the Board of Dentistry must be filled by a licensed denturist if available, with a fallback to someone experienced in denturistry if necessary. The committee voted to introduce the RS and recommend it for the second reading calendar, then adjourned with notice that it may meet again within 24 hours.

Transcript Highlights:

• We serve as trusted partners to government authorities. health authorities and producers, not only here
• So we've pushed out information to private practitioners. that are a part of our authorized personnel
• Two medications that are approved. systemic medication that just gained emergency youth authorization
• January that amends rules governing our authorization of take of protective native wildlife.
• Austin, we buy and sell cattle from coast to coast.

Keywords: 1184, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Signs like this were posted publicly in communities throughout California and the West Coast.
• Members, this is for co-authors. All members vote who desire to vote.
• There are 72 co-authors added. Without objection, we'll take a voice vote on the resolution.
• Member, this is for co-authors. All members vote who desire to vote.
• There are 66 co-authors added.

Summary: The Assembly convened, established a quorum, and opened with a prayer and pledge that reflected on Japanese American incarceration during World War II and recent storm-related losses in California. The chamber then handled routine procedural matters, guest introductions, and several consent and file items before moving to floor debate on a series of resolutions and budget measures. The main policy item was HR 82, declaring February 19, 2026, a day of remembrance for the incarceration of Japanese Americans. Members from both parties and several caucuses spoke in support, emphasizing the injustice of Executive Order 9066, the importance of remembering civil liberties failures, and the need to guard against similar abuses today. The resolution drew some criticism of its rhetoric toward federal law enforcement, but after debate the Assembly added 72 coauthors and adopted HR 82 by voice vote. The chamber also adopted ACR 128, a resolution recognizing solidarity with Ukraine, and later passed ACA 7, a constitutional amendment related to government preferences, after a partisan debate over whether it would restore or prohibit discrimination. The Assembly also took up two budget-related concurrence items. AB 107, described as technical and conforming changes to the 2025 Budget Act and adjustments related to Proposition 4 projects, passed concurrence 59-3 and was sent immediately to the Governor. AB 117 authorized the Metropolitan Transportation Commission to borrow up to $590 million from already awarded transit capital funds to support operating costs for BART, Muni, AC Transit, and Caltrain; supporters called it a bridge loan to stabilize transit, while opponents called it a bailout lacking accountability. The measure passed concurrence 52-16 and was also transmitted to the Governor. The session ended with adjournments in memory of former Long Beach Mayor Bob Foster, with members praising his leadership in city government, energy policy, and clean energy development. The Speaker then announced the bill introduction deadline and the next floor session date before adjourning the Assembly until Monday, February 23, 2026.

Transcript Highlights:

• And uh the author of the bill, tickets.
• And uh the author of the bill, I<00:30:52.799><c> did</c><00:30:53.360><c> uh</c><00:30:53.679><c> try
• </c> estimated number of security guards estimated number of security guards employed<01:33:20.639><c
• Um, you know, I really view it as the greatest oxymoron in the world is unarmed guard.
• Um, but if if that might be guard.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The lead author on that bill is Senator Port, who is on her way, and I am a co-author on that bill.
• is uh Senator Port um who we hope author is uh Senator Port um who we hope will<00:02:04.640><c> be<
• has been stripped of authority to make necessary adjustments.
• has been stripped of authority to make necessary adjustments.
• has been stripped of authority to make necessary adjustments.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• This is RS 33784 on supporting the National Guard.
• This is RS 33784 on supporting the National Guard.
• The Idaho National Guard, based out at Gowen Field, their mission currently deals with supporting the
• This legislation affirms that the Idaho Legislature supports the Idaho National Guard and their efforts

Summary: The Ways and Means Committee met to consider three RS measures. RS 33784, introduced by Representative Monks for Representative Palmer, expressed legislative support for the Idaho National Guard’s modernization at Gowen Field, including the transition from A-10 aircraft to F-16s. The committee first voted to introduce it, then later reconsidered that action and approved a motion to introduce RS 33784 with a recommendation that it be sent to the floor for second reading. The committee also considered RS 3379, a cleanup bill related to last year’s school choice legislation. Monks said it clarified age eligibility, allowed purchases from multiple vendors for schooling products, and specified the tax credit source without changing funding levels. Representative Birch opposed the motion, saying he had not supported the underlying bill and thought proportional budget cuts should have been included. The committee voted to introduce RS 3379, with Birch and Church recorded as nays. Finally, RS 33752, a replacement for former House Bill 495, was presented by Representative Ehlers. It concerns merging the board of denturity with the board of dentistry and makes one change to specify that the denturist board seat must go to a licensed denturist if available. After noting the measure had already received a public hearing in Health and Welfare, the committee voted to introduce it with a recommendation for second reading. The chair then announced the committee was likely to meet again within 24 hours and adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• Most of our cleanups are on the South Coast of Massachusetts. To pollution.
• Most of our cleanups are on the South Coast of Massachusetts. And this is... I'm 10 years old.
• The bill would explicitly authorize convenient bag-drop programs.

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The hearing focused mainly on two subjects: expansion of the Massachusetts bottle bill and bills to remove woody biomass from state clean-energy and greenhouse-gas programs. On the bottle bill, supporters from municipal, environmental, public health, and local government groups argued that the 5-cent deposit is outdated, redemption rates have fallen, and expanding coverage to more beverage containers—especially water, sports drinks, and small alcohol bottles—would reduce litter, cut plastic waste and microplastics, and save cities and towns money. Several speakers also backed raising handling fees for retailers and redemption centers, and some supported restoring a Clean Environment Fund so unclaimed deposits would support recycling-related purposes. Opponents, including the Massachusetts Beverage Association and the National Waste and Recycling Association, argued that curbside recycling and transfer-station systems are more convenient, that the targeted containers are valuable to local recycling programs, and that the proposal would shift costs onto consumers and municipalities. Committee members questioned witnesses about redemption rates, handling fees, the 2014 ballot question, and whether the bill had changed from prior sessions. The biomass portion drew strong support from Springfield officials, state legislators, environmental advocates, and public health groups. They said woody biomass should not count as clean energy because burning wood produces particulate pollution and carbon emissions, and they warned that current law contains a loophole that could help finance the proposed Palmer Renewable Energy biomass plant in Springfield. Witnesses emphasized Springfield’s air-quality and asthma burdens, the public health impacts of PM2.5, and the need to close the loophole before a January 1, 2026 deadline. One forest-industry witness supported a separate bill promoting modern wood heat with pollution controls, arguing it is cleaner than older wood systems and has minimal ratepayer cost, while noting that those credits would be affected if the governor’s broader energy affordability bill repeals the alternative energy portfolio standard. No votes were taken during the hearing. The chairs managed testimony by alternating between the bottle bill and biomass topics, asking speakers to keep remarks brief and to note when they agreed with prior testimony. Several legislators also testified in support of the bills, and committee members asked follow-up questions on deposit levels, retailer handling fees, recycling economics, and the public-health rationale for the biomass restrictions.

Transcript Highlights:

• HB 2136 will grant broad authority to punish people more severely because they express views critical
• They took over security guards. They were there. Some were not just injured; some were killed.
• That's just one part that was done inside the building: overtaking of the building, overtaking of guards
• , killing of guards, with weapons in hand.
• And third, clear guard rails for the, for the, this bill bar's evidence related as a staff mentioned,

Summary: The committee heard several bills on criminal justice, public safety, and family law. HB 2047 would elevate trespass after service of a writ of restitution from third-degree to first-degree criminal trespass; the sponsor and a constables association representative said the current misdemeanor penalty is too low and discourages law enforcement response when former tenants refuse to leave. The bill passed with a do pass recommendation on a 6-2 vote. HB 2136, which creates offenses for civil terrorism and subversion, expands racketeering predicates, and increases penalties for certain coordinated disorderly conduct and highway obstruction, drew extensive debate. Supporters said it targets coordinated intimidation and violent disruption, while opponents from the ACLU, immigrant advocacy groups, and others argued it would criminalize protest and speech. The committee approved it 6-3 after a long exchange over whether it would apply to events like January 6th and Arizona protest incidents. HB 2970, a jurisdictional clarification for fraudulent schemes and artifices, would allow Arizona to prosecute even if not every act occurred in the state. The sponsor said it would help local law enforcement pursue mortgage fraud and similar cases that are currently referred elsewhere, while an opposition witness said existing law already covers the conduct and warned of forum shopping. The bill received a do pass recommendation on a 6-3 vote. HB 2411 would make it a class 2 felony to knowingly administer abortion-inducing drugs to a pregnant woman without her knowledge or consent and with intent to cause an abortion. Supporters framed it as a protection against coercion and reproductive abuse; opponents said the conduct is already criminalized and warned of unintended effects on access to care. It also passed 6-3. The committee also approved HB 2198, which would allow immediate sealing of petty offense records after sentence completion, with supporters calling it a cleanup measure to extend record-sealing relief to minor offenses. HB 2966, which would bar early termination of probation for dangerous crimes against children, prompted emotional testimony from a parent of an autistic son convicted in a child pornography case, along with opposition from attorneys and advocates who raised ex post facto, juvenile justice, and probation-resource concerns. The Maricopa County Attorney’s Office said the bill could raise constitutional and workload issues but might be amendable; the committee ultimately passed it 6-3. The final bill discussed, HB 2662, would tighten expert-evidence standards in parenting-time cases involving alleged domestic violence or abuse, requiring recognized expertise and empirically validated methods while excluding polygraphs and similar techniques; the sponsor described it as a narrow evidentiary safeguard for child-related custody disputes.

Transcript Highlights:

• They are authorized by California law to have a police department.
• Yes, BSIS, which is part of the Department of Consumer Affairs, which regulates security guards.
• Yet we don't have the same authority.
• Or is that you have security guards that may be armed, but you don't have armed officers?
• Or is that you have security guards that may be armed, but you don't have armed officers?

Summary: The committee held a hearing on active and mass shootings in California, focusing on prevention, response, training, communications, and gaps in preparedness across law enforcement, schools, campuses, fire, EMS, and state agencies. Opening remarks emphasized the frequency and impact of gun violence, the need for faster coordinated response, and the importance of learning from recent tragedies such as the Stockton-area mass shooting described by Sheriff Patrick Withrow. The first panel included representatives from police, sheriff, and campus public safety agencies, who discussed incident command, interoperable communications, next-generation 911, threat assessment, emergency notification systems, and the value of joint drills and cross-agency planning. Witnesses also highlighted differences in training and authority across jurisdictions, especially for private university public safety departments versus public campus police. Campus representatives said they rely heavily on municipal law enforcement for armed response, while also using run-hide-fight protocols, text alerts, surveillance, and threat assessment teams. Members raised concerns about standardized training, after-action reviews, mental health resources, school resource officers, and whether campus safety plans and drills are sufficiently consistent or workable. Sheriff Withrow argued that early intervention and accountability are being weakened by well-intentioned laws, while other witnesses stressed prevention through relationships, diversion, and coordinated support services. The second panel from Cal OES, the Department of Education, POST, and EMSA described statewide systems and standards. Cal OES outlined its Reduce the Risk initiative, gun violence restraining orders, mutual aid, unified command, after-action reporting, and nonprofit security grants. The Department of Education explained California’s statutory school safety framework, annual safety plans, regulated armed assailant drills, and local flexibility, while acknowledging compliance gaps and the need for more mental health support. POST described the new requirement for 16 hours of standardized active shooter training for recruits and ongoing local training options. EMSA explained its role in medical response and terrorism training standards. No votes or formal actions were taken during the hearing.