Transcript Highlights:

• So to conclude, that's why so many small business owners are in over their heads and vulnerable to the

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• We have to really care for our vulnerable population. This is also a human story.
• We have to really care for our vulnerable population. This is also a human story.
• We have to really care for our vulnerable population. This is also a human story.
• We have to really care for our vulnerable population. This is also a human story.
• We have to really care for our vulnerable population. This is also a human story.

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• There is no person representing children who are from backgrounds in special ed, ELL, our most vulnerable
• There is no person representing children who are from backgrounds in special ed, ELL, our most vulnerable
• yeah, someone with the background of that would also typically be able to support any of our most vulnerable
• yeah, someone with the background of that would also typically be able to support any of our most vulnerable
• </c> homeschoolers more vulnerable. homeschoolers more vulnerable.

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• While this ethical constraint protects judicial impartiality, it also leaves judges uniquely vulnerable
• That leaves voters of color vulnerable to discriminatory barriers to equal participation, especially

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• We can make them a little easier for the most vulnerable population in our Commonwealth.
• By supporting this legislation, we can empower these vulnerable populations to access essential services

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The Joint Committee on Transportation held a public hearing on a wide range of bills and topics, including impaired driving, antique and collector vehicles, roadway maintenance, homelessness-related identification cards, a pedestrian tunnel for Essex North Shore Agricultural and Technical School, a bridge naming in Sandwich, historic route designations, and litter prevention. The chairs outlined the hearing process, including three-minute limits for individuals and seven minutes for panels, and noted that elected officials would be taken out of turn. No votes were taken during the hearing; the committee heard testimony and then adjourned. On impaired driving, Middlesex County District Attorney Marian Ryan and tow lot operator Chris Nolan supported a bill creating a 12-hour tow-yard hold for vehicles involved in drug-impaired incidents, similar to the existing alcohol-related hold. On transportation infrastructure and road safety, Representative Howitt testified for several bills requiring reflective tape on temporary loads, restoring road markings after utility work, requiring roadway restoration after excavation, and improving reporting on roadway damage after crashes. AAA Northeast supported bills expanding the distracted driving law to cover video recording while driving, while noting it preferred the offense remain a primary offense. Several witnesses testified in support of bills affecting vehicle enthusiasts, including restoring year-of-manufacture plates for antique vehicles, creating a single rear collector plate, and changing antique vehicle inspection rules. Another major topic was H. 3750/S. 2399, which would provide no-fee state IDs and flexible residency documentation for youth and adults experiencing homelessness; supporters included the Massachusetts Coalition for the Homeless, social workers, city officials, and people with lived experience, all emphasizing that lack of ID blocks access to housing, jobs, health care, and other services. The committee also heard strong support for S. 2414, authorizing a tunnel connecting the north and south campuses of Essex North Shore Agricultural and Technical School, with school leaders and students citing safety, accessibility, and traffic concerns. Finally, the committee heard emotional testimony for H. 4374 to name the Quaker Meeting House Road overpass in Sandwich for Staff Sergeant Raymond G. Torville, and testimony for a resolve creating a roadside litter prevention and cleanup task force.

Transcript Highlights:

• Survivors deserve to know that reaching out for help will make them safer, not more vulnerable.
• We're proud to do it because we know that we're part of a system that serves vulnerable people and improves

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The hearing focused on the Safe Communities Act, House 2580 and Senate 1681, along with related proposals to limit local and state cooperation with federal immigration enforcement, prohibit 287(g) agreements, and expand legal defense for immigrants. Most testimony came from advocates, attorneys, labor leaders, health care professionals, educators, and community members who argued that fear of ICE discourages immigrants from reporting crimes, seeking medical care, attending school, or cooperating with courts, and that a clear statewide policy would improve public safety, due process, and trust in institutions. Several speakers described personal or client experiences involving domestic violence, trafficking, workplace abuse, or children affected by deportation, and many emphasized economic harms to workers, families, and small businesses. Health care witnesses said immigration enforcement is causing patients to miss appointments, avoid emergency rooms, and delay preventive care, with resulting public health consequences. Labor and education representatives said immigrant workers and students are increasingly fearful, and that the state should not allow local police to act as ICE agents or enter 287(g) agreements. ACLU and coalition witnesses cited examples they said showed existing or recent collaboration between local agencies and ICE, including courthouse alerts, vehicle stops, and use of municipal spaces, while also arguing that the bill would still allow cooperation on criminal matters and public safety emergencies. One witness opposed the bill, arguing that serious criminal offenders should be deported and defending ICE’s role. Committee members asked several questions about whether the harms described were widespread or anecdotal, and about the distinction between assisting ICE in civil immigration arrests versus responding to violent or public safety emergencies. Witnesses said the bill was aimed at civil immigration enforcement, not criminal investigations or emergency situations. At the end of the hearing, a committee member requested a study on immigration enforcement’s effect on emergency room wait times, and the committee then adjourned without taking a vote on the legislation.

Transcript Highlights:

• However, in the current pressure and the way that the most ill and the most vulnerable patients are pushed
• Also, we do care for some of our more vulnerable elderly populations within our facility.

Keywords: 907, all

Summary: The joint Senate and House Behavioral Health committees held an informational meeting focused first on the Oregon State Hospital (OSH). OHA Director Sajal Hathi introduced the hospital’s incoming permanent superintendent, Sean Murphy, and praised interim superintendent Jim Deagle for stabilizing operations, restoring CMS compliance, and helping drive a culture change centered on safety, accountability, and transparency. Deagle and Chief Medical Officer Dr. Amit Bavon described OSH’s role as the state’s highest-level forensic psychiatric hospital, the patient populations it serves, its partnerships with courts, counties, jails, hospitals, and advocates, and recent leadership changes across the hospital. They also reported improved accreditation and regulatory status, including Joint Commission accreditation and CMS compliance, and said the hospital is now using daily safety huddles, incident review meetings, stronger escalation procedures, and revised seclusion/restraint practices to reduce risk and improve oversight. Members pressed hospital leaders on past seclusion practices, asking how prolonged seclusions could have occurred under federal standards. Leaders said they could not explain past decisions but emphasized that current leadership has changed processes, training, reporting, and oversight so that seclusion and restraint are reviewed in real time and cannot be normalized. Questions also covered staffing, falls, and future planning. OSH said it is generally staffed to budget, though it still has RN and mental health technician vacancies and is working on recruitment, training, and better staffing distribution. Hathi said the hospital is building a public dashboard with key performance and safety metrics, including workforce data, and described the long-term goal as a consistently safe, disciplined, high-functioning institution that responds quickly to mistakes and remains accountable to the public. The committee then shifted to an informational overview of civil commitment. Oregon Judicial Department representative Chanah Newell explained the civil commitment process, including who can initiate it, the role of community mental health providers and courts, the five-day timeline to hearing, and the standards for danger to self, danger to others, and inability to meet basic needs. She summarized changes made in House Bill 2005, including revised statutory language and new provisions allowing a second diversion period, but cautioned that the data are too early to show clear trends. Testimony from NAMI Oregon’s Chris Bonif and psychiatrist Dr. Stephanie Lopez argued that Oregon still relies too heavily on jails and state hospital commitments because the broader community system lacks enough treatment, housing, and less restrictive alternatives. They urged the legislature to focus on upstream services, supported housing, and possible outpatient commitment tools so people can receive treatment before reaching crisis. The meeting ended with acknowledgment that additional reports and follow-up discussions are expected, including on residential treatment capacity and related behavioral health system reforms.

Transcript Highlights:

• However, in the current pressure and the way that the most ill and the most vulnerable patients are pushed
• Also, we do care for some of our more vulnerable elderly populations within our facility.

Keywords: 907, all

Summary: The joint Senate and House Behavioral Health committee met for informational presentations on the Oregon State Hospital and civil commitment, followed by a planned tour of the hospital. Oregon Health Authority and Oregon State Hospital leaders reported that Sean Murphy will become the next permanent superintendent on July 13, with Sarah Castle to follow as permanent chief nursing officer on July 20. They described recent leadership turnover, a major organizational restructure, and efforts to build a culture of safety, transparency, and accountability. Officials said the hospital regained Joint Commission accreditation and CMS compliance, and they highlighted daily safety huddles, incident review processes, stronger escalation procedures, and improved management of seclusion and restraint. Committee members pressed hospital leaders on past prolonged seclusion practices, falls, staffing, and the need for better public reporting; OHA said it is building a public dashboard of key safety and workforce metrics. The committee then heard a civil commitment overview from the Oregon Judicial Department. The presenter explained that civil commitment is a separate legal process from criminal cases, usually beginning with a hospital hold, investigation, court review, appointed counsel, and a hearing within five days. She summarized changes made in House Bill 2005, including revised standards for danger to self, danger to others, and basic-needs commitments, plus a second 14-day diversion option. She cautioned that the new law has only been in effect since January and that it is too early to draw firm conclusions from the data, though there has been a recent uptick in commitments and a decrease in diversions. Testimony from NAMI Oregon and a forensic psychiatrist emphasized that Oregon still relies too heavily on jails and state hospitals because community services, housing, and outpatient supports are insufficient. They argued that the state needs more less-restrictive alternatives, including better use of assisted outpatient treatment or outpatient civil commitment, and more supported housing so people do not cycle between homelessness, incarceration, and hospitalization. A family member described a relative remaining psychotic in jail for more than 120 days before ending up back at the state hospital, urging faster intervention and better collaboration among courts, counties, hospitals, and state agencies. Committee members and witnesses also discussed workforce shortages, the expansion of secure residential treatment beds, and the need for broader system reforms beyond the hospital itself.

Transcript Highlights:

• This bill is about making sure that our public hospital system can continue to serve the most vulnerable
• This bill is about making sure that our public hospital system can continue to serve the most vulnerable

Summary: The Assembly Local Government Committee heard a long agenda of local government, housing, transportation, and public safety bills. Early items included SB 762, which would give certain local governments a voter-approved path to seek additional local sales tax authority to address fiscal pressures; SB 1400, which would modernize Alameda Health System governance and give Alameda County more flexibility and oversight; and SB 1408, which would authorize Contra Costa County to place a renewal of its transportation sales tax on the ballot. Supporters for those bills included local officials, county representatives, labor groups, fire and police organizations, and transit advocates, while no organized opposition was presented on those measures in committee. The committee also heard SB 1272, which would give homeowners more time to correct certain inherited code violations and allow an affidavit process for buyers who did not know about the violation at purchase. The bill drew support from the California Apartment Association and opposition from code enforcement and county groups, who argued it would reduce local enforcement discretion and create health and safety risks. After questions about disclosure and enforcement, the committee approved SB 1272 as amended and re-referred it to Appropriations. SB 1055, dealing with procurement flexibility for Pajaro flood control and levee repairs, also passed as amended and was sent to Appropriations. Later, the committee approved SB 1379, which would separate the Riverside County Sheriff-Coroner and create an independent medical examiner system. The author and supporters argued the change was needed for transparency and independence in in-custody death investigations, while opponents raised labor, cost, and governance concerns; some opposition was softened after the author agreed to employee-protection amendments. The committee also passed SB 1172, limiting consultant compensation and adding transparency rules for local tax-sharing agreements, and several housing bills from Senator Grayson: SB 1003 on pro-housing infrastructure financing districts, SB 1014 on early disclosure of infrastructure requirements for housing projects, and SB 1169 on extending tentative vesting map validity. The committee took votes on consent items and later add-ons, with most measures passing on bipartisan or unanimous votes and several being re-referred to Appropriations or Housing and Community Development as appropriate.

Transcript Highlights:

• This bill is about making sure that our public hospital system can continue to serve the most vulnerable
• This bill is about making sure that our public hospital system can continue to serve the most vulnerable

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• underscore how important this protection, this consumer protection program is to protect your most vulnerable
• election management system support, and verification contracts to analyze and support the system for vulnerabilities

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• advocate for health care funding and services for Oklahoma residents, especially those who are most vulnerable
• come in and investigate, and do you think this will protect children who find themselves in this vulnerable

Bills: HR1046, SB1733, SB1439

Keywords: Oklahoma City, terrorism, Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, memorial, remembrance, first responders, community support, child abuse, reporting requirements, sexual misconduct, law enforcement, school personnel, confidentiality, student safety, fossil fuels, liability protection, climate change, energy independence, oil and gas

Summary: The House convened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and several special recognitions tied to the 31st anniversary of the Oklahoma City bombing. The chamber honored the 138th Fighter Wing Civil Engineer Squadron Fire Department as Veterans of the Week, and also recognized Dr. Camissa Stewart as Doctor of the Day and Tammy Powell as Nurse of the Day for their roles in the 1995 bombing response. A lengthy floor presentation followed, featuring remarks from legislators, Lieutenant Governor Matt Pinnell, memorial museum leaders, Justice Stephen Taylor, and Pastor Ronnie Fields, all focused on remembrance, the Oklahoma standard, the victims and survivors, and the importance of hope, civility, and the rule of law. On legislation, Senate Bill 1733 was presented and debated. The bill requires school personnel who have reason to believe a student is a victim of child sexual abuse or sexual misconduct to report it to law enforcement within 24 hours. Supporters said it clarifies and strengthens reporting requirements to protect children, while opponents warned it could trigger harmful public accusations and undermine trust in educators and administrators. The House passed the bill 92-1, and the emergency clause also passed 92-1. The House also considered Senate Bill 1439, an oil and gas measure intended to bar speculative climate-related lawsuits and limit liability to actual violations and provable harm. Supporters argued it would prevent frivolous litigation, protect the state’s energy economy, and keep costs down for consumers; opponents said it would create a special legal carve-out for industry and shift costs to taxpayers and families. The bill passed 74-16. In addition, Senate Bill 2184 was assigned to Rules, and H.J.R. 1078 and H.J.R. 1079 were withdrawn from Rules and sent to appropriations and budget committees. The House adjourned after announcements and introductions.

Transcript Highlights:

• be prepared to support, again, protecting tax Dollars, protecting, you know, folks that are most vulnerable
• actually being used for the services that are making and supporting the critical health of Minnesota's vulnerable

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• with populations like children, seniors, and people with respiratory illness being particularly vulnerable
• with populations like children, seniors, and people with respiratory illness being particularly vulnerable

Summary: The Assembly Housing and Community Development Committee heard a full agenda of housing-related bills, with most measures receiving broad support and advancing on unanimous or near-unanimous votes. Early in the hearing, AB 2035 by Assembly Member Dixon was presented as a narrowly tailored fix for a large senior HOA in Laguna Woods Village, allowing a lower vote threshold to amend outdated CC&Rs after repeated failed elections; members raised questions about broader impacts, but the bill passed 12-0 to Judiciary. AB 1684 by Assembly Member Ward would bar HOAs from restricting homeowners’ ability to install or replace cooling systems; supporters cited heat-related health risks and a constituent’s experience, while HOA representatives sought amendments to preserve reasonable rules on drainage, electrical capacity, and common-area protection. The committee discussed those concerns and advanced the bill 8-0 to Judiciary. AB 1710 by Assembly Member Carrillo would extend SB 330-style vesting protections to state and regional permitting agencies so housing projects are not subjected to shifting post-entitlement standards, with supporters arguing it would improve predictability and speed housing production. Special districts and utilities opposed unless amended, warning about conflicts with changing state and regional rules, but the bill passed 9-0 to Local Government. AB 1738 by Assembly Member Crewe would require remote virtual inspections for certain simple home renovations; supporters from SPUR and Placer County described faster, lower-cost inspections already in use, while labor groups raised concerns and sought amendments. Members emphasized keeping inspections jurisdiction-based and not replacing safety oversight, and the bill passed 8-0 to Local Government. The committee also approved AB 1890 by Assembly Member Curry, which increases state matching support for Napa County farmworker housing centers from $250,000 to $500,000 annually through 2036; supporters described the centers as a successful public-private model providing housing and services for farmworkers, and the bill passed 8-0 to Appropriations. AB 2433 by Assembly Member Alvarez would modernize the density bonus law by improving notice, clarifying eligibility and ministerial approval, and adding incentives for for-sale affordable housing; it drew strong support from housing and business groups and passed 10-0 to Local Government. AB 1567 by Assembly Member Ta would allow assisted living communities to be counted in housing element reporting and RHNA-related planning, and it passed 10-0 to Local Government. The consent calendar, including AB 1573 and AB 2162, was also approved unanimously, and the committee adjourned after taking roll-call votes on the remaining items.

Transcript Highlights:

• that when we are protecting students, when we are protecting staff, when we are protecting these vulnerable
• that when we are protecting students, when we are protecting staff, when we are protecting these vulnerable

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• if somebody is being a predator and highlighting and targeting a specific demographic, that is vulnerable
• if somebody is being a predator and highlighting and targeting a specific demographic, that is vulnerable

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• with security aspects and making sure that we actually have blocks going on and our software isn't vulnerable
• The Office of Information Technology versus individual agencies that were leaving us somewhat vulnerable

Summary: The House convened with roll call, prayer, and approval of the journal, then received gubernatorial and Senate messages and committee reports. Several new bills and resolutions were introduced and referred, including measures on taxation refunds, county commissioner vacancies, open meetings, data centers and water use, state historic preservation, and multiple Senate bills on vacancies, administrative rules, abortion trafficking, energy resources, irrigation districts, and education. The House also advanced a number of bills to second and third reading calendars and referred House Concurrent Resolution 35 and House Joint Memorial 21 for printing. The bulk of the floor action focused on budget and appropriation bills brought up under suspended rules. House Bills 866 and 867, maintenance budgets for constitutional officers and general government, passed after debate over the size of the appropriations, transparency of JFAC’s cuts, and the inclusion of military pay raises and other baseline costs. House Bill 868, for the Public Employee Retirement System, passed after questions about one-time software and disaster-recovery funding. House Bill 869, for the Commission for the Blind and Visually Impaired, passed amid discussion of using dedicated funds to restore cuts and confusion with a separate deaf-and-blind school budget. The House also passed House Bill 870, an Office of Information Technology Services enhancement bill centered on cybersecurity hardware and the final phase of IT consolidation from Health and Welfare, despite objections that it represented government growth and relied on federal funds. House Bill 871, funding the State Tax Commission for tax conformity work, property tax education, and seasonal staff, also passed after debate over necessity and spending. House Bill 835, limiting non-cognizable spending by the executive branch and preserving exceptions for emergencies, military facilities, and tuition-related funds, passed as well. The House then moved to announcements and adjourned until Monday, March 16, 2026.

Transcript Highlights:

• My mission as an RN is to protect life, to provide advocacy to the vulnerable.
• My mission as an RN is to protect life, to provide advocacy to the vulnerable.

Keywords: 989, all

Summary: The House Health and Welfare Committee first heard Senate Bill 1292, which would require foster parents to complete at least 10 hours of training before licensure, replacing the current optional training approach. The sponsor said the bill was developed with the Department of Health and Welfare as a middle ground to improve foster parent preparedness and retention while still allowing exemptions for some relatives or prior training. A foster parent testified in support, describing crises caused by new foster parents lacking training. The committee voted unanimously to send the bill to the floor with a due pass recommendation, and Representative Mitchell was named to carry it. The committee then took up House Bill 862, which would create an Idaho Rural Health Transformation Fund and an oversight committee for federal rural health transformation dollars already accepted by the state. Supporters said the bill would give the legislature oversight over how the funds are allocated and would help ensure sustainability and accountability; opponents raised concerns about federal debt, whether the funds should be rejected entirely, and whether the executive branch had already committed the state to spending the money. The sponsor said the money would have to be repaid if federal conditions were not met and that the committee would review grant sustainability. After debate, the committee voted to send the bill to the floor with a due pass recommendation, with three no votes recorded. Finally, the committee began hearing House Bill 808, an expanded medical freedom bill that would make vaccines voluntary in schools and daycares, make the immunization registry opt-in, and limit local governments from adopting medical mandates. Supporters argued the bill protects informed consent, medical privacy, and freedom from coercion, while opponents including nurses, a pediatrician, and school health staff warned it would reduce immunization rates, weaken school health tracking, and endanger vulnerable children. An insurer also warned the bill’s language could unintentionally restrict emergency responders and medical providers from recommending or providing care. Because of time limits, the chair recessed the hearing and announced testimony and discussion on HB 808 would continue the next day.

Transcript Highlights:

• Scammers target seniors and vulnerable Idahoans.
• From a public safety perspective, this bill is about protecting vulnerable citizens from sophisticated

Summary: The Senate State Affairs Committee heard several RS drafts and bills, beginning with introductions that were sent to print: RS 33617 on abbreviated newspaper legal notices, RS 33591 on off-highway vehicle and snowmobile fund allocations and advisory committee changes, RS 33628 on candidate filing, and RS 33644 to codify the Idaho Child Care Program and add program integrity and oversight provisions. Senate Bill 1349 was announced as not being considered at the sponsor’s request. The committee then advanced multiple bills with due-pass recommendations, including SB 1348, which revises the prior arrangement for the Cordillera Skeet and Trap Club project and allows Idaho Fish and Game to use Pittman-Robertson funds for an alternate shooting range location near Farragut State Park; SB 1350, which provides cash-rounding guidance for cash transactions now that pennies are no longer being minted; and SB 1351, which would bar reappointment of a gubernatorial nominee rejected by the Senate for one year and require vacancies to be filled within 90 days or before the next session. SB 1359, a cryptocurrency kiosk fraud-prevention bill aimed at protecting seniors and other vulnerable Idahoans from scams and money laundering, was sent to the 14th order for possible amendment after testimony from the sponsor, AARP, law enforcement, and others. The committee also heard and passed Senate Joint Memorial 114, calling on Congress to address college athletics issues such as NIL, revenue sharing, conference realignment, and the financial instability facing Idaho universities and smaller athletic programs. Testimony came from Boise State leadership, Lewis-Clark State, and the State Board of Education, all emphasizing the economic and institutional importance of college sports and the need for federal standards. Finally, House Bill 603, which amends Idaho law to restrict overnight camping on state-owned Capitol Mall property while allowing certain canopies and rule-based exceptions, drew strong testimony both for and against; supporters framed it as a time, place, and manner regulation for safety and access, while opponents warned it would trigger more litigation. The committee approved HB 603 on a do-pass vote, with Senator Ruchti recorded as voting no.

Transcript Highlights:

• That leaves, of course, a massive gap in driver training to our most vulnerable road users and really
• So we're an organization that represents vulnerable road users, as Nick had mentioned before, but that's

Summary: The committee met in executive session and first approved House Bill 2889 by a 14-0 roll call vote. It then took up House Bill 3175, “Mason’s Law,” adopting a House Committee Substitute after discussion of a proposed amendment that was not offered because the sponsor and a member agreed the language needed to be cleaned up. The substitute bill was then advanced both due pass and due pass by consent, with unanimous votes of 14-0 and 16-0 respectively. House Bill 3066, dealing with St. Louis police governance and related budget/oversight issues, drew extended debate. Opponents argued it was an overreach, would sidestep local elected officials, and could burden the city budget; supporters said it was not a state takeover but an oversight structure made up of city citizens and that the city should be responsible for certain liabilities. The committee adopted a House Committee Amendment to address lieutenant overtime pay, rolled it into a new committee substitute, and then passed the substitute 11-5. During the vote, members clarified that a refusal to vote could be recorded and the roll was completed after a brief rules question. In public hearing, House Bill 2767 was presented as a 911 funding measure that would increase the prepaid wireless 911 fee from 3% to 4% to generate roughly $1 million more annually for grants to local 911 providers for equipment, training, and related upgrades. Testimony from 911 directors emphasized that prepaid phone revenue has declined as consumers move away from that technology, while the added funding would help modernize statewide emergency response systems; no opposition was heard. House Bill 1990, creating the offense of gift card fraud, was then heard with support from the sponsor, retailers, grocers, convenience store operators, and bankers, who described sophisticated theft schemes involving tampering with cards and stealing activation data; members asked about penalties, how the fraud works, and whether the bill aligns with existing theft classifications. The final bill heard was House Bill 2269, which would move boiler inspector qualifications and related fire/life safety standards from statute into rule to help the state hire inspectors more quickly and align with national standards. The state fire marshal supported the change and said oversight would remain with the boiler board commission. House Bill 3220, focused on teen driver accountability and driver education, drew extensive support from the sponsor, a crash victim’s widow, AAA, motorcycle and pedestrian safety advocates, and MODOT. Supporters said the bill would require driver education for new applicants under 21, tighten supervision and point-assessment rules, and reduce crashes; MODOT estimated a state administrative cost of roughly $350,000 to $850,000 annually, and members asked about parental supervision, the impact on young drivers, and historical crash trends. No votes were taken on the public hearing bills before adjournment.