Transcript Highlights:

• I'm very supportive, incredibly supportive of the measure.
• All students are evaluated using the same objective and reliable measures.
• CSBA is a sponsor of this measure. We ask for your aye vote.
• CSBA is a sponsor of this measure. We ask for your aye vote. Thank you.
• ...measurement will be a little bit different from the testing being done.

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• program has the potential to spare individuals the long and frustrating journey to a diagnosis, preventing
• As you can see from the thoughtful and measured response today, aesthetic medical providers are here
• Children are already getting a blood draw between 8 and 12 years of age as part of routine preventive
• It is a venture philanthropy fund investing in detection, prevention, and curative breakthroughs.
• It also carries a measurable reduction in quality of life.

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The Joint Committee on Public Health heard testimony on four bills: H. 5013 and S. 2928, which would establish a three-year celiac disease screening pilot program for children during routine cholesterol/lipid screening at ages 8 to 12; H. 5087, regulating medical spas; and H. 5115, establishing statewide food truck regulations, though the transcript focused almost entirely on the celiac and medical spa bills. For the celiac proposal, Rep. Badger and Sen. Lovely described long diagnostic delays, the lack of a cure, and the potential for a simple blood test to identify children earlier and reduce long-term harm. Multiple patients, clinicians, and researchers supported the pilot, saying celiac is frequently missed because symptoms vary widely or are absent, and that early detection could prevent malnutrition, growth problems, osteoporosis, and other complications. Testifiers also emphasized that the bill would study feasibility, accuracy, cost, and acceptability, and would include family education and support resources if diagnoses are made through the program. Several experts and advocates backed the celiac screening pilot, including a pediatric gastroenterologist from Italy who described successful national screening efforts there, a Celiac Disease Foundation representative, pediatric gastroenterologists from Massachusetts and Colorado, a pediatric dietitian, and a parent whose child was diagnosed after severe malnutrition. They argued that routine screening alongside existing pediatric bloodwork could identify many undiagnosed children and improve health equity, since celiac disease is often overlooked in people of color and lower-income patients. Committee members asked about how the screening would work, and witnesses explained it could begin with a blood test, followed by confirmatory endoscopy if needed. No vote was taken in the hearing. On H. 5087, witnesses from the medical aesthetics industry largely opposed the bill as written, saying it was outdated, redundant with existing Massachusetts licensing and board oversight, and too restrictive for nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and other licensed providers. Testifiers, including a retired lobbyist, a nurse practitioner, a PA, a plastic surgeon, and a clinic owner, said the bill could reduce access, raise costs, and push care into less regulated settings, while not addressing the real issues of training, compliance, and patient safety. Committee members pressed for more specific feedback on what provisions were unnecessary or duplicative, and witnesses said they had submitted position papers and written testimony identifying conflicts with current law. The hearing ended with the chair noting that all oral and written testimony would be reviewed before any decisions are made.

Transcript Highlights:

• The House has passed the following measures. Mr. President there's a message from the House.
• The House has passed the following measures.
• forget what happened in the Holocaust, but keep in mind that we look at any atrocity anywhere and prevent
• of these atrocities and it solidifies our commitment not just to remember, but to take action to prevent
• Justice and education are vital to preventing this from occurring.

Bills: SJR36, SR8, SR14, SR15, SR17, HCR54

Keywords: accountants, Texas Society of Certified Public Accountants, advocacy, legislation, business issues, memorial, law enforcement, sacrifice, tribute, community support, service, community, Holocaust, remembrance, antisemitism, human rights, education, Holocaust Remembrance Day, memorialization, sexual assault

Transcript Highlights:

• The advocate for crisis prevention training to be in House Bill 2. collaborated with disability rights
• provide information on all available support. that can help children remain in their family homes and prevent
• These measures are... ...are real problems that have a negative impact on public school teachers and
• Immersing myself in research-based teaching practices, meticulously analyzing student data to measure
• I know our measurements go by a specific.

Bills: HB2, HB2

Keywords: public education, teacher compensation, certification, funding, school finance, educator rights, education funding, charter schools, staff compensation, state aid, retention allotment, disaster preparedness, emergency management, flooding, mass fatality, mass casualty, fatality tracking, body recovery, autopsy, justice of the peace

Transcript Highlights:

• Another item that might be of interest to you on that same page, the opioid addiction prevention and
• We provide a lot of defense and we try to mitigate any losses and prevent losses for this state.
• Is that—what prevents that?”
• Security measures need to be much higher.
• Security measures, but again, it's a different level that we're talking about.

Keywords: 908, all

Summary: The committee met to hear the Attorney General’s budget and related agency presentations. Legislative Council first reviewed the compliance with legislative intent report and the base budget worksheet, highlighting current and ongoing appropriations, FTE changes, one-time funding items, continuing appropriations, and major special and federal funds. Members asked about items such as the Missing Indigenous People Grant Fund, the Internet Crimes Investigation Fund, and the Medicaid Fraud Control Unit grant funding, and staff explained the funding sources and status of those programs. Assistant Attorney General Clare Ness then outlined the Attorney General’s office structure, staffing, and budget pressures. She emphasized the office’s broad statutory duties, the value of its legal and investigative work for state and local governments, and concerns about attorney salary competitiveness, the new and vacant FTE pool, and the impact of the 3% operating budget reduction on BCI, IT, and the crime lab. Members also discussed AG opinions, boards and commissions training, and the office’s litigation and settlement recoveries. Ness and committee members raised the possibility of broader attorney salary benchmarking across state government. The crime lab director described severe space and infrastructure constraints, including overcrowding, shared workspaces, glycol leaks, air handling limits, and aging fire and burglar alarm systems. She said the 2024 study projected a much larger facility would be needed and that a new building on the current health department site would best address the lab’s needs. She also reported that backlogs have improved significantly in DNA, drug, fingerprint, and firearms work, though toxicology had a recent delay after an air compressor failure. The Medicaid Fraud Control Unit director described the unit’s fraud, abuse, and neglect work, noted federal-state funding and recent federal scrutiny, and said the unit needs more staff. The gaming division reviewed charitable gaming growth, e-tabs, trust accounts, and compliance issues, while BCI covered its caseload, cybercrime and child sexual abuse material investigations, the missing indigenous person task force, and the use of lottery funds for drug task forces. No formal votes or budget actions were taken during the meeting.

Transcript Highlights:

• It's a safety measure that mandates only licensed general engineering, general building, earthwork and
• We appreciate your consideration of this important consumer protection measure. Thank you, sir.
• We share and recognize the seriousness of the issue and share the goal of the Senators in preventing
• This type of safety measure may be appropriate for some types of reactive chemical hazards.
• Other safety measures may be more appropriate for other situations.

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• identification requirement for documents presented at the county recorder’s office and outlines identifying measures
• relating to deeds and real property when being notarized lastly the bill changes the identifying measures
• members, Senate Bill 1165 prohibits health care insurers from imposing cost-sharing requirements for preventive
• Chairwoman, Madam Chairman and members, it's a public protection measure that the contractor actually
• Additionally, the bill prevents administrative action against the photo enforcement system violator and

Keywords: 1182, all

Summary: The caucus reviewed a long list of Senate bills and memorials across several policy areas, with most items presented as consent or third-read measures and little debate. Topics included special license plates for the Arizona Space Commission, local land-use and housing restrictions, liquor regulation updates, limits on municipal delays in permitting and exactions, election equipment security and timekeeping requirements, precinct committeeman vacancy procedures, assisted living and deed-fraud measures, a Freedom of Speech Monument committee, renaming Wesley Bolin Plaza, and a ban on gender transition procedures for minors. Members also discussed health and human services bills on behavioral health technician standards, Medicaid billing during ownership changes, breast cancer screening cost-sharing, naturopathic IV administration authority, safe-haven newborn surrender at hospitals, and access claim-processing timelines. The Judiciary portion covered probation limits for dangerous crimes against children, a civil cause of action related to prohibited gender reassignment surgery on minors, elimination of the statute of limitations for failure to register as a sex offender, probation incentive calculations, victim-rights expense recovery, unlawful flight penalties, vulnerable adult theft definitions, motor fuel theft, unlawful alerting, and evidence rules in sexual-assault-related hearings. In discussion, members asked for clarifications on several bills, including the definitions of “malicious” delay, internet access on election equipment, the scope of the breast screening bill, and the meaning of unlawful alerting. Supporters repeatedly described bills as common-sense, fraud-prevention, patient-access, or public-safety measures, while one member noted a no vote on extending the Vulnerable Adult System Study Committee. Additional measures in land, agriculture, water, public safety, and transportation included foreign-entity restrictions on land transactions, limits on transporting Mexican gray wolf puppies, water reuse and groundwater fee extensions, a larger water supply revolving fund loan cap, congressional memorials on EPA authority and the San Carlos irrigation project, expanded traumatic event counseling coverage, reimbursement of legal costs for certain disciplined law enforcement officers, data sharing with the federal government on unauthorized aliens, roadable aircraft registration, motor vehicle booting rules, military-property sign placement, a towing and impound study committee, photo enforcement penalties, and highway renaming memorials. No roll-call votes were described in the transcript, and the meeting ended after the transportation items and memorials were completed.

Transcript Highlights:

• Today, we have three measures on the agenda.
• Today, we have three measures on the agenda.
• affordability while still building out the grid to meet future need and doing what's necessary to prevent
• AB 1787 contains strong consumer protection provisions to prevent undue cost shifts, protect vulnerable
• All right, seeing no additional questions or comments, I'll just say thank you for bringing this measure

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• health treatment facilities, $34.3 million for community-based mental health and substance use prevention
• initiatives, $179.5 million dedicated to opioid treatment, prevention, and recovery efforts, $6 million
• language in today's amendment addresses that by requiring ACA to utilize the survey results as a measure
• And so I'm curious as to know the training techniques or measures that will be... ...curious as to know
• the training techniques or measures that will be followed to ensure that we're implementing culturally

Summary: The Appropriations Committee on Health and Human Services first heard and adopted the proposed fiscal year 2025-26 budget for the committee, which was presented as a $1.8 billion increase over the current base budget. The budget emphasized Medicaid and KidCare funding, IT modernization, workforce reductions tied to unfilled or augmented positions, provider rate increases, mental health and substance use funding, opioid treatment, elder care, veterans’ services, cancer research, and school nurse staffing. The committee approved technical adjustments and then adopted the budget proposal for submission to the full Senate Appropriations Committee. The committee then considered several bills, most of which were reported favorably. SB 152 on surgical smoke required hospitals and ambulatory surgical centers to adopt smoke evacuation policies; it drew strong support from nurses and other health care workers describing workplace and patient safety risks. CS/SB 958 on early detection of type 1 diabetes required the Department of Health to develop informational materials for schools and, by amendment, early learning coalitions. CS/CS/SB 170 on nursing homes required consumer satisfaction surveys, patient safety culture surveys, reporting to the health information exchange, financial reporting penalties, and Medicaid quality incentive reporting; an amendment exempted state-operated homes, including veterans’ facilities, and directed a study of quality incentive systems. CS/SB 738 updated and streamlined child care regulation, and CS/SB 1356 created the Florida Institute for Pediatric Rare Diseases at Florida State University and a related pediatric rare disease screening pilot. The committee also passed SB 1370, which reorganized ambulatory surgical centers into their own statutory framework, with testimony emphasizing their lower costs compared with hospitals. Finally, the committee considered CS/CS/SB 1626 on child welfare and related issues. After adopting multiple amendments that removed references to unaccompanied alien children and special immigrant visas, changed language on child abuse definitions, and required DCF to set room-and-board rates by methodology rather than fee schedule, the bill was explained as strengthening child welfare protections, codifying military-family coordination, improving domestic violence shelter certification, adjusting children’s services council appointments, clarifying missing-child procedures, and updating licensing and compliance provisions. The bill drew both support and opposition, particularly over missing-child jurisdiction and immigration-related concerns, and was ultimately reported favorably. A final motion to record a vote on SB 958 was also adopted.

Transcript Highlights:

• But this bill prevents struggling juveniles from having access to that best option.
• And when I think of victims, I think of how do we prevent more victims from occurring?
• I loved what you said right there in the middle about preventing more victimizations.
• This bill is a measured, common-sense approach rooted in best practices.
• This bill is a measured, common-sense approach rooted in best practices.

Bills: HB2389, HB2456

Keywords: juvenile justice, youth sentencing, juvenile rehabilitation, DCYF, Department of Children Youth and Families, community supervision, community transition services, suspended disposition, less restrictive alternative, sentencing grid, juvenile confinement, juvenile prison, rehabilitation, recidivism, mental health treatment, substance use disorder, chemical dependency, trauma-informed care, racial disparities, equity

Transcript Highlights:

• This legislative measure responds to the revelations that followed the implementation of...
• To provide some situational awareness, just two weeks ago, a stakeholder opposing this measure testified
• These measures address the disproportionate harm to indigent, unhoused, and other at-risk individuals
• We urge you to support Senate Bill 2721 in order to put in place these common-sense reforms to prevent
• care that can prevent major and minor wound amputations.

Bills: SB2024, SB227, SB268, SB1467, SB1580, HB5537, SB1313, SB1677, SB918, SB331, SB2207, SB2721

Keywords: e-cigarettes, marketing prohibition, youth protection, criminal penalties, public health, school funding, education reform, state budget, property taxes, equity in education, health care, licensing, complaint procedure, disciplinary action, law enforcement, death records, vital statistics, healthcare, trauma facility, Medicaid

Transcript Highlights:

• I expect you'll see us working really hard to protect Washingtonians' access to preventive services without
• That's an important preventive measure that can avoid significant health risks and costs, you know, if
• people are taking preventive measures to avoid getting the flu.

Summary: State legislative leaders held a press availability to preview a difficult session focused on responding to federal policy changes they said were threatening Washingtonians’ access to health care, food assistance, housing, and energy stability. They said the House and Senate would prioritize affordability, budget balancing, and protecting residents from federal overreach, while also advancing bills on issues such as preventive health care, housing costs, child care, transportation, and energy/data center impacts. A major topic was a proposed state income tax on high earners. Leaders said the basic mechanics were agreed to between the House and Senate prime sponsors, including a 9.9% tax on adjusted gross income over $1 million, though drafting and stakeholder outreach were still ahead. They said any new revenue would not solve the current 2025-27 budget gap in time, so the immediate budget would rely mainly on cuts and transfers, with some discussion of smaller revenue measures and possible use of the rainy day fund. They also said the tax proposal would be paired with reductions in more regressive taxes, though details were not yet set. The press conference also focused heavily on a school face-covering bill and related public safety concerns. Leaders defended the bill as a response to fears about masked individuals, impersonation of law enforcement, and recent ICE activity, citing testimony from law enforcement and advocacy groups. They also discussed a public records exemption bill for child care providers, saying concerns about privacy and safety justified limits on public access and emphasizing existing oversight through DCYF, the state auditor, and legislative audits. On initiatives and other bills, leaders said two initiatives would go to voters rather than receive hearings, and they indicated Senate Bill 5926 was not moving forward in the Senate committee process. No votes were taken during the availability.

Transcript Highlights:

• measure.
• you know if, regardless of the report, those anti-fraud activities are still happening and those measures
• So we have all the measures that were in place years ago and even more today.
• I'm director of program and policy for Breast Cancer Prevention Partners.
• On behalf of Breast Cancer Prevention Partners, Clean Water Action, and the Natural Resources Defense

Summary: The committee first handled several routine items, approving three gubernatorial appointees not required to appear: Hampus Eitsiter to the Boating and Waterways Commission, Peter Stern to the California Horse Racing Board, and Dean White to the State Mining and Geology Board. It also approved referral of bills to committees and floor acknowledgements, all by 5-0 votes. The committee then heard Tyler Sadwith’s appointment as Chief Deputy Director of Healthcare Programs at the Department of Health Care Services. Sadwith said his priorities would be protecting Medi-Cal access amid federal changes and continuing CalAIM and behavioral health reforms. Senators questioned him extensively about rural and financially distressed hospitals, Medi-Cal reimbursement, eligibility redeterminations, work requirements, fraud controls, dental access, labor and delivery closures, and CalAIM’s evaluation. He said DHCS is working on expedited payments, hospital monitoring, county technical assistance, targeted audits, and community supports such as medically tailored meals. Public commenters from county, hospital, and care organizations supported his confirmation, and the committee voted 5-0 to send the appointment to the full Senate. The committee also heard from Dr. Chris Thayer, nominated to lead the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Thayer described OEHHA’s role as providing transparent, scientifically rigorous health assessments and risk communication to inform other agencies and policymakers. Senators focused on the agency’s use of models versus real-world data, CalEnviroScreen, Prop 65, PFAS, wildfire health impacts, and how OEHHA communicates risk to the public. Thayer said the office relies on a mix of data sources where direct evidence is limited, is updating CalEnviroScreen, and is working to reduce Prop 65 over-warning through guidance and outreach. The discussion did not reach a final vote on his appointment in the portion provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• Senate File 2360 will strengthen our efforts to measure and prevent misclassification fraud in Minnesota
• Um, this bill really is about literally measuring the problem that is misclassification fraud.
• </c><00:12:24.160><c> Senator</c> "Senate File 2360 will strengthen our efforts to measure and prevent
• Um, this bill really is about literally measuring the problem that is misclassification fraud.
• Um, it requires a bi-annual report that measures the problem of misclassification across Minnesota.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• House Bill 1368 is a common-sense measure that would enhance communication and also empower... our parents
• One in three children are on the path to a life-altering preventable disease.
• When you vote on this measure, please remember this isn't about politics.
• This ensures life-saving devices that are available at schools to help prevent choking deaths, while
• And I love what y'all are doing. doing with the foundation to try to prevent another tragedy.

Bills: HB367, HB497, HB549, HB983, HB 1188, HB 1290, HB1368, HB2243, HB2310, HB2849, HB3099, HB3546, HB3629, HB3627

Keywords: education, absences, severe illness, life-threatening, school policy, verification, healthcare, insurance, affordability, coverage, patient rights, school health, respiratory distress, airway clearance devices, medication training, public health, HB 983, Texas Education Agency, TEA, educator privacy

Transcript Highlights:

• I want to thank all of my colleagues from across party lines to rise in support of this measure.
• and abuse are surfacing across state programs, we must be cautious about waiving accountability measures
• The measure passes. Senate amendments are concurred in with immediate transmittal to the governor.
• And so we should stop lying and understand that ACA 7 is preventing people from living longer lives,
• The measure passes.

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• A performance-based code requires buildings to meet specific, measurable, or predictable performance
• Global warming potential is a measure of how much energy the emission of one ton of a gas will absorb
• The reduction is measured in terms of global warming potential for at least 90% of covered products.
• It is about preventing harm before it ever reaches our neighborhood.
• It is about preventing harm before it ever reaches our neighborhoods.

Summary: The committee heard public testimony on several housing, building code, and permitting bills. HB 2228 would direct the State Building Code Council to convene a technical advisory group to recommend code amendments allowing scissor stairs in buildings with more than two dwelling units. Supporters, including architects, builders, and housing advocates, said scissor stairs could improve safety, reduce corridor and stair footprint, lower costs, and allow more efficient and denser housing layouts. The bill was then closed to public hearing. HB 2381 would create a performance-based code pathway for low-rise residential buildings and allow recognition of third-party certifications. The chair described it as a move from prescriptive to performance-based standards, with flexibility for builders and potential alignment with clean building goals. The Building Industry Association of Washington opposed the bill as written, saying the main need is a performance pathway in the energy code rather than the IBC, while FutureWise supported the concept but urged caution about the complexity and timeline of converting code to performance-based standards. The public hearing on HB 2381 was closed after testimony. HB 2418 would change permit review processes, including vesting rules for residential project permits in urban growth areas, pausing review clocks in certain circumstances, extending timelines to other fee-charging reviewing entities, and requiring a single permit responsible official and point of contact by 2027. Builders, developers, and housing advocates generally supported the bill’s coordination and timeline provisions, saying they would reduce delays and costs, though several groups raised concerns about the vesting section and completeness definitions. FutureWise and county representatives warned the vesting changes could create litigation or records issues, while the sponsor said the vesting portion might be reconsidered. The committee also heard HB 2273, which would require embodied carbon reduction standards for larger building projects through reuse, product-based reductions, or whole-building life-cycle assessment. Support came from architects, Commerce, and environmental justice advocates, who said the bill would reduce climate impacts and encourage innovation; opponents from the concrete and aggregate industry and a taxpayer group raised concerns about costs, supply-chain issues, conflicts with other legislation, and exemptions such as for schools. No votes were taken, and the committee adjourned after closing the public hearings.

Transcript Highlights:

• Prevention of $2 million in losses of economic losses in Florida, strawberry and aquaculture producers
• This is a proactive measure by the Division of Emergency Management to reduce the risk to the state of
• , and said, started putting some programs together and said, you know, sir, there's nothing that prevents
• This home also has resiliency measures like those impact windows, doors, and built with energy efficiency
• This home also has resiliency measures like those impact windows, doors, and built with energy efficiency

Summary: The Committee on Community Affairs met with a quorum present and heard two hurricane-recovery presentations focused on Florida’s response and long-term recovery efforts. Kevin Guthrie, Executive Director of the Florida Division of Emergency Management, reviewed response and recovery operations for Hurricanes Debby, Helene, and Milton, including meals, water, sheltering, search and rescue deployments, power restoration, debris removal, flood-control efforts, and generator distribution. He also described ongoing public assistance and mitigation funding, the state’s FROC system for standardizing and speeding reimbursement documentation, and the Elevate Florida residential mitigation program, which will use about $400 million to elevate or reconstruct eligible flood-insurance properties and may expand to county-run programs. Senators asked about manufactured homes, school shelter hardening, mobile home tie-downs, reimbursement for USAR teams, debris hauling, regional sheltering, and FEMA review delays; Guthrie said the state is trying to move recovery faster and more proactively, while acknowledging some limits and federal bottlenecks. The committee then heard from Justin Domer, Deputy Secretary of Community Development at Florida Commerce, on HUD Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery programs. He explained that Commerce administers long-term recovery funds through its Office of Long-Term Resiliency for housing, infrastructure, and economic development, with funds used as a last resort after FEMA and insurance. Domer outlined the process for the most recent $925 million allocation covering multiple disasters, including Idalia, Debby, Helene, Milton, Broward flooding, and North Florida tornadoes, and said the state currently manages about $3.4 billion in DR funds, rising to over $4 billion with the new allocation. He highlighted completed and ongoing housing programs for Hurricane Irma, Michael, and Ian, plus workforce recovery programs and subrecipient infrastructure grants. Senators asked about Broward and Fort Lauderdale funding, homeowner turnaround times, and mobile home eligibility; Domer said Broward and Fort Lauderdale will have separate HUD-directed programs, and the committee adjourned after the presentations and questions.

Transcript Highlights:

• And the good thing about that is it's also one of the most preventable.
• excessive and unprotected direct exposure to the sun and to educate the people of Arkansas about preventative
• safety measures to decrease the chances of developing all skin cancers, especially melanoma, while still
• excessive and unprotected direct exposure to the sun and to educate the people of Arkansas about preventative
• safety measures to decrease the chances of developing all skin cancers, especially melanoma, while still

Keywords: 1204, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The House has passed the following measures. H.G.R. 56, Harris Develia. Chair recognizes Senator H.
• The resolution before you is a rare but necessary measure, with all intent to do a job well.
• And we've seen a lot of support for ballot measures across the United States.
• I know it does have different fee shifting measures. I'll defer to you on that.
• If a judge were to issue an order prevent $100,000. Is that correct?

Summary: The Senate began with a quorum call, prayer, approval of the previous journal, and messages from the House, then moved through several recognitions and resolutions honoring visiting groups. Members adopted resolutions recognizing the Texas chapters of Blue Star Mothers of America, Fine Arts Education Day, Donate Life Texas Day, Baha’i Capitol Day, County Government Day, Jack County Day, Crockett County Day, and a recognition of Navy Petty Officer Simon Urbanik for service during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The chamber also heard remarks from visiting doctors, students, county officials, and community groups, with multiple senators speaking in support of military families, arts education, organ donation, and local government service. The Senate then took up Committee Substitute Senate Bill 2779, relating to the allocation and use of certain hotel occupancy tax revenues. Senator Birdwell said the bill would stop local governments from conditioning HOT funds on race- or class-based priorities and would require Galveston to transfer the full state rebate for beach cleaning and maintenance to its park board. After questions, the Senate suspended the rules, passed the bill to engrossment, suspended the three-day rule, and finally passed it, though the final vote showed significant opposition. The chamber also passed Committee Substitute Senate Bill 2322, described as a cleanup bill removing the compelling-factor test for dispatchable generation from the Texas Jobs, Energy, Technology, and Innovation Act. A major debate centered on Committee Substitute Senate Bill 2253, which would phase out uncertified teachers in core classrooms and strengthen educator certification requirements. Senator Creighton argued the bill responds to a teacher pipeline crisis, adds parent notification, creates multiple preparation pathways, and provides financial incentives for certification; Senator West and Senator Sparks pressed for rural flexibility and implementation details. An amendment from Senator Gutierrez to add a teacher student-loan repayment program failed on a 11-17 vote, while other technical and fiscal amendments were adopted. The bill then passed to engrossment, the three-day rule was suspended, and it was finally passed. The Senate also passed Committee Substitute Senate Bill 2371, updating skimmer-reporting rules to cover electronic terminals beyond fuel pumps, and Committee Substitute Senate Bill 2351, relating to the construction of certain concrete plants under a standard permit. Senate Bill 619, a conscience-protection bill for health care workers, drew extended questioning from Senators Cook, Eckhardt, and Menendez about patient abandonment, scope, and whether it could allow refusals of legal services such as vaccines, antibiotics, contraception, or personal care; despite those concerns, the Senate suspended the rules and passed the bill to engrossment. Finally, the chamber began consideration of Committee Substitute Senate Bill 1169, which would allow public entities to form public utility agencies to cooperate on water and wastewater projects without eminent domain or cross-collateralization, with Senator Hinojosa explaining it as a tool for small and rural communities facing utility infrastructure problems.