Video & Transcript Research : 'penal code'
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KY
Kentucky 2025 Regular Session
House Standing Committee on Local Government (2-25-25)
Transcript Highlights:
- It does extend the moratorium on changing the fundamental zoning code that's been in place for a long
- we should be putting a moratorium on Metro Council making zoning changes for the Land Development code
- and Zoning staff from Louisville Metro take very diligent care with updating the Land Development code
- , I don't support that. ...with updating the Land Development code.
- um I'll look forward to Development code um I'll look forward to continue<00:36:35.960>
working
Keywords:
Meeting Start 00:15
Roll Call 00:25
HB 403 Discussion 02:11
HB 403 Vote 03:08
HB 555 Discussion 04:55
HB 555 Vote 08:42
HB 321 Discussion 10:55
HB 321 Vote 13:22
HB 18 Discussion 15:21
HB 18 Vote 35:10
HB 85 Discussion 39:08
HB 85 Vote 46:40
HB 371 Discussion 49:22
HB 371 Vote 52:03
Adjournment 53:48, 958, all
Summary:
The House Standing Committee on Local Government met with a quorum and took up several bills, mostly focused on local planning, zoning, and municipal administration. House Bill 403, a simple measure giving coroners a six-month grace period to complete continuing education, was presented by Rep. Deanna Gordon with testimony from Madison County Coroner Jimmy Cornelson and received unanimous support. House Bill 555, a technical bill affecting audit deadlines and flexibility for small cities and certain expo center audit arrangements, was explained by JD Cheney of the Kentucky League of Cities; he said it would help about 97 cities comply with audit requirements and allow more flexibility when municipalities are making good-faith efforts. The committee approved HB 555 on a roll call vote, with one no vote from Rep. Griffee and others in favor, and reported it favorably to the House floor.
House Bill 321, also presented with JD Cheney and Rep. DJ Johnson, would expand the time for planning commission and board of adjustment members to complete orientation and continuing education, with a focus on housing supply and accessibility. Supporters said it would help recruit more members and concentrate training on land-use impacts on housing; Rep. Roarx and others discussed Louisville Metro’s planning process, while Rep. Brown and Rep. Fleming raised concerns about infrastructure and long-range planning. The committee passed HB 321 favorably after roll call, with one no vote from Rep. Griffee.
House Bill 18 drew the most extended debate. Sponsor Rep. John Hodgson said the committee substitute would create incentives for infill development in urban areas and extend a moratorium on zoning district classification changes for two more years, arguing that local elected officials should have more control over major density changes and that unelected boards were approving projects without adequate infrastructure review. Opponents, including Liam Gallagher of Americans for Prosperity Kentucky and several members, argued the bill would restrict housing development, interfere with property rights, and limit Louisville Metro’s ability to update its Land Development Code; supporters countered that the bill would not stop development but would require elected officials to weigh in and address traffic and infrastructure concerns. After discussion, the committee approved HB 18 as amended by the substitute and reported it favorably to the House floor, with several members explaining their votes and some opposing the moratorium on local zoning changes.
HI
Hawaii 2025 Regular Session
PBS/WAL Public Hearing - Wed Mar 19, 2025 @ 10:30 AM HST
Transcript Highlights:
- um adopt a Wildland Urban interface code um adopt a Wildland Urban interface code one<00:19:03.520
- fire code at this point?
- So the portion of the code that we're suggesting adoption of is a wildland urban interface code, and
- the current state fire code to address it adequately?
- <00:32:20.720>
to but on Part Two for the fire code to but on Part Two for the fire code to
Summary:
The committee met on March 19, 2025, and heard testimony on several measures before taking up decision-making. Senate Bill 1381, relating to the Hawaii National Guard, received support from the Department of Defense and other testifiers and was recommended to pass as is. Senate Bill 422, relating to education and high school diplomas for veterans, also drew support from the Department of Education, the Military Affairs Council, and the Chamber of Commerce Hawaii, and was recommended to pass as is. Senate Bill 414, relating to restoring access to disaster-affected areas in Lahaina, was discussed with testimony from HHFDC and others; members agreed to amend the bill to refer to the Department of Transportation as the acquiring agency, and the measure was recommended to pass with amendments.
The committee then considered Senate Bill 223, relating to fire prevention. The Department of Land and Natural Resources supported the bill but recommended changes to make the wildland-urban interface code a matter for the State Fire Council/State Fire Marshal rather than statute, and noted it lacked authority to mandate fuel reduction work on lands outside its control. Members also discussed community fuel reduction funding, with DLNR indicating that $10 million would be an effective amount and describing current funding for equipment, outreach, and positions. The chair proposed amendments to make fuel reduction on non-set-aside lands permissive rather than mandatory, to allow the State Fire Council to amend the state fire code to include easement holders, and to note a defective date and the funding request in the committee report. The bill was recommended to pass with amendments, with one member voting with reservations.
In a later decision-making session, the committee considered Senate Bill 1379, relating to emergency preparedness and Community Readiness Centers, and Senate Bill 371, relating to property damage of critical infrastructure facilities. For SB 1379, the chair proposed an HD1 incorporating the Hawaii Advisory Council on Emergency Management and county emergency management in site-selection criteria, adding geographic resilience considerations, changing the defective date, and noting $10.8 million for site design plus $1.2 million for contract support; the bill passed with amendments, with reservations from some members over county input and funding. For SB 371, the chair amended the bill to remove recklessly/negligently causing damage and require intentional conduct throughout, while leaving other issues for Judiciary review; the bill passed with amendments, with at least one member voting with reservations.
VA
Virginia 2026 Regular Session
Commission on Updating Virginia Law to Reflect Federal Recognition of Virginia Tribes Jun 3rd, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- This is something we have to do, I think every year, or at least every other year, as per the code.
- Our code, our agencies, and our practices need to reflect that truth.
- where it makes sense, and we can point back to that as a precedent for other areas in the code where
- What we're trying to do is update our code, the Virginia code, so that it recognizes that that's a truism
- . that potentially this month, the commission will ratify that model state code.
HI
Hawaii 2025 Regular Session
JHA Info Briefing - Tue Sept 16, 2025 @ 2:00 PM HST
Hawaii House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- <00:13:02.320>
for Clean Slate Initiative and Code for Clean Slate Initiative and Code for - They worked formally Code for America.
- <00:13:46.639>
for clean slate initiative and uh code for clean slate initiative and uh code - I work for Code for America. Code for America is a nonprofit civic technology organization.
- to code eligibility determination later. to code eligibility determination later.
Summary:
The House Committee on Judiciary and Hawaiian Affairs held an information briefing on expungement and record clearance, with Chair David Tarnis and Vice Chair Mahina Poo Poy emphasizing second chances and the legislature’s recent work on state-initiated relief. The chair reviewed prior measures, including Act 62 (2024), which created Hawaii’s first state-initiated expungement pilot for certain non-conviction cannabis-related arrests, Act 159 (2023), which required automatic sealing or removal of expunged records from the judiciary’s public database, and Act 241 (2024), which created the Clean Slate Task Force. He said the committee invited the Clean Slate Initiative and Code for America because of their national experience with state-initiated record clearance systems.
Phil Hickden of the Hawaii Criminal Justice Data Center and Attorney General’s office reported that Act 62 was implemented using existing resources and no new funding, initially covering single-charge, pre-2020 arrests in Hawaii County for possession of less than one ounce of marijuana and later expanded by Act 005 (2025) to all arrests under HRS 712-1249 regardless of drug type. He said the project identified 2,268 potentially eligible records, with 1,072 processed so far, 989 granted and 83 denied, and that the work has taken about 872 staff hours and roughly 45 days per expungement. He also said the office has identified about 412,000 people who could potentially qualify for expungement under broader legislation, though that estimate does not include case-by-case research.
Michelle Acasta of the judiciary explained that Act 159 changed the process so HCJDC now digitally transmits expungement certificates to the court, eliminating the applicant’s second step of filing paperwork with the court. She said the courts still manually review eligibility, but the process is easier because certificates now include a case ID and HCJDC provides additional information to help locate records. She reported that since implementation the courts received 125 certificates in July and 87 in August, with 17 court orders filed in July and August, including 81 in the First Circuit, 14 in Maui, 7 in the Third Circuit, and 15 in the Fifth Circuit. She also noted that the Hawaii Supreme Court’s State v. Rogan decision affects procedure by requiring a written request or motion, an opportunity to be heard, and written findings for sealing court records, and that new Supreme Court rules are expected for public comment. Members asked about qualitative outcomes and whether the process could be expanded statewide; staff said they do not track recidivism or personal stories, and the chair encouraged further discussion before the next session to identify barriers and capacity needs.
ND
North Dakota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Floor Session Apr 15th, 2025 at 12:30 pm
North Dakota House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- House Bill 1429 had added a new section to Century Code.
- House Bill 1429 had added a new section to Century Code.
- Existing code on stalking.
- It is very clear in the obscenity code what we are talking about.
- It is very clear in the obscenity code what we are talking about.
Summary:
The House convened with prayer, pledge, and roll call, establishing a quorum. It then took up a series of appropriations and policy bills, with the most extensive debate centered on Senate Bill 2025, the Department of Veterans Affairs budget. The House approved amendments that shifted governance of the department and veterans’ home from ACOVA to the governor, citing concerns about ACOVA’s salary-setting actions and broader appropriation oversight. Members opposed to the change argued ACOVA had studied compensation and acted within its role. The amended bill passed 57-34, and the final bill passed 69-22 with the emergency clause carrying.
The House also passed Senate Bill 2001, the legislative branch budget, which funds the 2027 session, legislative staff, chamber upgrades, IT improvements, and salary adjustments for legislative leaders; the bill passed 62-29, but the emergency clause failed. Senate Bill 2019, the Career and Technical Education budget, passed 82-10 with emergency clause. Senate Bill 2021, the Information Technology Department budget, passed 75-17 after discussion of data center migration, service automation, mainframe transition, ERP study, and DPI’s move from PowerSchool to Infinite Campus. Other measures passed included Senate Bill 2228 for rural grocery store sustainability grants, Senate Bill 2390 creating a rural catalyst community grant program, Senate Bill 2188 adjusting the Clean Sustainable Energy Authority, and Senate Bill 2265 authorizing a veterans national cemetery grant and line of credit with added reporting safeguards.
Several House bills returned from the Senate were concurred in and then passed, including House Bill 1361 on mandatory minimum sentences for human trafficking offenders, House Bill 1017 for the Game and Fish Department, House Bill 1588 on firearms and dangerous weapons provisions, House Bill 1429 on harassment and stalking involving robots, House Bill 1591 on county fair resiliency grants, House Bill 1537 on service agreement protection for water projects, House Bill 1203 on edible medical marijuana products, and House Bill 1027 transferring administration of the State Fire and Tornado Fund from the Insurance Commissioner to OMB. The House also rejected a motion to reconsider Senate Bill 2307, which dealt with library materials and obscenity-related restrictions, by a vote of 48-51. In addition, the chamber appointed conference committees on several House and Senate measures where concurrence had failed, and laid over Senate Bill 2340 for two legislative days.
DE
Delaware 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Legislative Session - Session 2 - 42nd Legislative Day Jun 30th, 2026
Delaware Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Title 9 of the Delaware Code relating to building permit information.
- The existing portion of this code only references New Castle County.
- That code pertains to businesses providing primarily... ...system.
- This is a bipartisan House Senate measure updating Code 1325 of Title I.
- relating to the Delaware Code relating to the Delaware Code relating to the Delaware Code relating to
Summary:
The Senate received communications from the House on numerous measures, including several bills and resolutions passed with amendments, committee reports on bills such as large energy use facilities, campaign finance, voting rights, and appropriations, and a list of pre-file legislation. The chamber then moved through a long floor session with confirmations, bill readings, and roll-call votes, ultimately confirming the nomination of Morgan T. Zern to the Delaware Supreme Court by a 21-0 vote.
Among the major policy items considered were property tax and school tax measures tied to the statewide reassessment. The Senate passed House Bill 460, clarifying monthly municipal permit-data reporting to New Castle County; House Bill 461, granting temporary authority for New Castle County school districts to reset school tax rates for one cycle; and House Bill 462, making the split school tax rate permanent with a lower nonresidential cap. Members discussed the fiscal effects at length, including testimony from a school district finance officer that HB 461 would allow revenue-neutral rate setting and offset the fiscal note on HB 462. The Senate also passed House Bill 365 creating a Delaware Indigenous Affairs Commission, House Bill 458 on backflow requirements for low-hazard buildings, Senate Bill 27 establishing the Office of New Americans with a sunset and interagency coordination, and Senate Bill 315 on the Delaware Technical Innovation Program.
The chamber also approved Senate Substitute 1 for Senate Bill 300, a firearms dealer regulation bill, after extensive debate over amendments, confidentiality, background checks, and the balance between public safety and burdens on lawful dealers. Several members raised constitutional and practical objections, while supporters argued the bill would reduce trafficking, straw purchases, and theft from dealers. In addition, the Senate passed House Bill 305 creating a diabetes wellness pilot program, with supporters emphasizing the state’s diabetes burden and the program’s federal funding, and House Concurrent Resolution 157, which asks the State Lottery Office to report on iLottery’s impact on small businesses. Senate Bill 325, a fire prevention/background-check bill, was laid on the table after concerns about a late House amendment and requests for more time to consult stakeholders.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- But since you have this in the code already, how is that treated?
- I, I'm asking because you have this provision in the code, does the code also make provision for these
- OK, it's already defined in the code.
- So the purpose of this section in the code is not to be.
- I think what's in the code is very adequate.
Bills:
HB304
NH
Transcript Highlights:
- Codes code issues best address this by requiring the building code review board to update the code to
- There's a plumbing code, a mechanical code, electric code, and so forth.
- <02:39:38.800>
So code, electric code, and so forth. - So code, electric code, and so forth.
- building code. building code.
WA
Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session
Statute Law Committee Jun 17th, 2026 at 12:00 pm
Statute Law Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- This is the step increase approval for Kathy Buckley, our code reviser.
- When each code reviser is done with their review, they also will provide their findings to another code
- of Washington and the administrative code.
- And it's basically access to our site so they can download the code in its entirety.
- the office of the code reviser.
MI
Transcript Highlights:
- Senate Bill 1084, a bill to amend the Michigan Liquor Control Code of 1998.
- House Bill 4523, a bill to amend the Estates and Protected Individuals Code.
- House Bill 4523, a bill to amend the Estates and Protected Individuals Code.
- House Bill 5807, a bill to amend the Insurance Code of 1956.
- The bills are 1.03, a bill to amend the insurance code of 1956.
FL
Florida 2025 Regular Session
December 3, 2025 - 08:30 AM
Transcript Highlights:
- You've probably heard of CPT codes, ICD-10, HCPCS codes.
- It included establishment of the procedure codes and diagnosis codes for all services, development of
- national standardized codes.
- codes for those types of programs.
- Well, we crosswalked our department codes to the Florida Medicaid codes.
Summary:
The subcommittee heard two Department of Children and Families implementation updates on measures passed in prior sessions. First, DCF reviewed House Bill 633, which increased oversight of behavioral health managing entities through biennial independent audits, standardized claims-based reporting, and new monthly outcome dashboards. The department said it had awarded the inaugural audit to Ernst & Young, found no significant waste, fraud, or abuse, but identified process risks involving financial controls, claims validation, data access, and system access controls. DCF also described its transition to standardized behavioral health coding and said the new public dashboard of 11 measures is posted on its website, though members asked for easier access and for hard copies of the audit report.
Members asked about how the department distinguishes Medicaid-covered services from department-funded services, how duplicate payment risks are being addressed, and whether the new reporting and audit requirements would improve oversight without disrupting services. DCF said it is the payer of last resort for uninsured or underinsured individuals, that some overlap with Medicaid is expected because Medicaid does not cover all behavioral health services, and that new claims edits and cross-checks are being built into the system. The department also said it had not found significant negative feedback from providers and that the new requirements are intended to improve transparency and accountability.
DCF then updated the committee on Senate Bill 7012, covering human trafficking data collection, domestic violence center certification, limited background-screening exemptions, expanded recruitment for child welfare staff, subcontractor liability protections, a four-year treatment foster care pilot, case management efficiency recommendations, and a statewide study of residential bed capacity for child victims of commercial sexual exploitation. The department said several items are already complete or underway, including limited exemptions in the screening clearinghouse, while others are in procurement or rulemaking. It identified Circuits 4 and 12 as the treatment foster care pilot sites and said the pilot will launch in January 2026. Members questioned recruitment metrics, pilot timing, and report deadlines; the department said final reports are expected by January and that some dates were flexible because of procurement and implementation timelines. The meeting ended after the presentations and questions, and the subcommittee adjourned.
KY
Kentucky 2026 Regular Session
Senate Standing Committee on Health Service (2-4-26)
Transcript Highlights:
- <00:14:29.760>
It's charging under a surgical code? It's charging under a surgical code? - allowing people to use similar codes allowing people to use similar codes to<00:16:29.839>
to - However, the billing code is now switched to the 9,000 code. >> Yes, it is.
- However, the billing code is now switched to the 9,000 code.
- switched to the billing code is now switched to the 9,000<00:54:17.680>
code.
Summary:
The Senate Standing Committee on Health Services heard Senate Bill 18, a bill described by the sponsor and podiatry witnesses as a modernization of Kentucky’s podiatry laws. The bill would recognize and regulate podiatric assistants, podiatric residents, and supervising podiatrists; allow podiatrists to supervise physician assistants in podiatry practices with approval from the relevant licensing boards; require new podiatrists licensed after January 1, 2027 to complete at least two years of residency; and extend disciplinary authority to the new categories. Witnesses said the measure would improve access to foot and ankle care, especially in rural areas, without expanding scope of practice. The Kentucky Medical Association was said to be neutral after working on the language with the sponsors.
Committee members raised concerns about the meaning of “supervision,” whether it required direct or indirect oversight, and whether the bill could broaden billing or coding privileges. Dr. Roberts said supervision could mean direct supervision or indirect supervision, including being available by telephone, and noted the bill mirrors language used in allopathic PA supervision. He also said the bill would not change office staff billing roles and that podiatric assistants would not bill separately. Several senators said they supported moving the bill forward but remained concerned about workforce, cost, and scope creep.
The committee adopted a committee substitute, then voted on the bill. The motion passed unanimously with favorable expression. After the vote, the committee moved on to a presentation on outpatient pediatric therapies, where providers described Medicaid reimbursement pressures, workforce turnover, and long waiting lists for children’s therapy services, but no action was taken on that presentation in the portion provided.
NM
New Mexico 2025 Regular Session
IC - Military and Veterans Affairs Nov 5th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- We created our own code using Navajo words.
- It's all up here, the entire code.
- To developing the code. And it's not just for Navajo.
- So, they gave it to the Code Talkers Association.
- We had Code Talkers from Utah.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Appropriations Committee Mar 19th, 2025
Appropriations
Transcript Highlights:
- It's a triennial proposal, triennial code proposal, an adoption process with intervening codes adopted
- Temporarily pausing additional changes to the building code is one way to do that.
- My client develops the International Residential Building Code, adopted in California.
- Not all code provisions, the residential code is about this thick.
- This bill is a bit of a chainsaw approach to the codes.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Which urges Congress to amend the Internal Revenue Code.
- official citations, correct enacted codes to conform the codes to the source of law from which they
- were derived, and revised codes or parts of the code enacted during the preceding legislative session
- This bill, we call it our general code update bill.
- Some parts of the education code, those will be on down the road.
FL
Florida 2025 Regular Session
Banking and Insurance Feb 4th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- THERE ARE CHANGES THAT CAN TAKE PLACE IN THE BUILDING CODE.
- OF COURSE, THE VALUE OF THE BUILDING CODE IS NOT ONE EXPERTS AGREE UPON.
- IT'S REQUIREMENTS ARE NEARLY IDENTICAL TO THE FLORIDA BUILDING CODE.
- GIVEN THE HIGH QUALITY OF THE FLORIDA BUILDING CODE.
- OR NO WIND CODE OR AT SEE LEVEL.
ND
Transcript Highlights:
- North Dakota Century Code, so it deals only with North Dakota commissions.
- It is the North Dakota Century Code.
- No, so I'm reading the code. I see. Okay. Madam Chairman. Senator Luick.
- The code of judicial conduct. Code of judicial conduct? Right, and that is already in statute.
- That code is in statute. Thank you. So then line 7 would read...
Bills:
HB1455
Keywords:
tribal consultation, Indian Affairs Commission, tribal governments, tribal sovereignty, state-tribal relations, Native American, tribal nations, consultation requirement, legislative process, jurisdiction, sovereignty, North Dakota tribes, government-to-government consultation, tribal chairpersons, 908, all
Summary:
The Judiciary Committee first heard House Bill 1455, which would require the North Dakota Indian Affairs Commission to review introduced legislation for tribal implications and conduct consultation with affected tribes. Rep. Collette Brown said the bill was intended to formalize and strengthen tribal consultation, and Standing Rock Sioux Tribe representative Ross Bell testified in support. Brad Hawk, executive director of the Indian Affairs Commission, testified neutrally, saying the office already does much of this work but that the bill would add structure; several senators raised concerns about duplication, possible future staffing costs, and whether the bill was necessary. The committee amended the bill to replace “each measure” with “all legislation,” then passed a do-not-pass recommendation on HB 1455 by recorded vote, with Sen. Luick designated as carrier.
The committee then took up House Bill 1032, dealing with municipal courts, appeals, and judge qualifications. Legislative Council and court staff walked through proposed amendments, including making municipal courts courts of record on a delayed effective date, clarifying appeal procedures, and adding standards for municipal judges. Members discussed whether to use the term “ethical standards” or “judicial conduct”; after questions about definitions and enforcement, the committee settled on replacing the language with “judicial conduct” in the amended bill. The committee adopted the amendments and then passed HB 1032 as amended on a do-pass vote, with Sen. Cory to carry.
Later, the committee heard House Bill 1263, which would make it easier for people with criminal records to seek sealing after a denial by allowing an appeal and reducing the waiting period for a new petition from three years to one year. Rep. Nels Christensen, Christopher Davis, Travis Fink, and Brad Peterson all supported the bill’s goal of giving people a better path to rehabilitation and employment. The main point of disagreement was whether to keep the statutory presumption that the benefit to the petitioner must outweigh the presumption of openness of criminal records; several witnesses urged removing that language, while others said it was part of the compromise that created the current law. The committee closed the hearing without taking final action and said it would review the House discussion before deciding later.
VA
Transcript Highlights:
- It is legislation to amend and reenact a section of the Code of Virginia related to impersonation of
- Compensatory relief when a locality is found to be willfully violating the Code of Virginia.
- This legislation amends sections of the Code of Virginia relating to the Brown v.
- I've looked in the code.
- I've looked in the code, and I've looked at this bill and 1524 and a couple others.
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine reducing waste, fraud and abuse through innovation, focusing on how AI and data can improve government efficiency. Apr 9th, 2025 at 01:30 pm
Joint Economic Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- It's no surprise that across these two programs, coding intensity is different.
- Coding intensity has three components. One is fraudulent coding.
- The third is clinically-appropriate coding intensity and better communication.
- And that's elementary school level coding. Is the concept of just sharing data?
- Because the issues about diagnosis coding, right, there's clinically appropriate diagnosis coding intensity
Keywords:
artificial intelligence, waste reduction, fraud prevention, government efficiency, improper payments, data reliability, oversight
Summary:
The meeting was chaired by Chairman Schweikert and involved a comprehensive discussion on how to utilize artificial intelligence (AI) for reducing waste, fraud, and improper payments within federal programs. Key witnesses, including Mr. Andrew Canarsa from the Council of the Inspectors General, provided insights on the potential of AI in enhancing government efficiency. The committee emphasized the importance of reliable data and thorough examination of AI application to avoid unintended consequences while addressing the estimated $162 billion in improper payments reported by the federal government. Concerns were raised regarding the recent firing of inspectors general and the impacts that could have on oversight and accountability processes.
AZ
Transcript Highlights:
- Unfortunately, the building code that was referenced previously, the building code doesn't reference
- Code covers every type of environment.
- code covers every type of environment.
- The codes, obviously, you know, there's a commercial code, there's a residential code.
- The cities have building codes, and this bill does not touch the building codes concerning safety.
Keywords:
workers' compensation, industrial commission, safety regulations, employee protection, penalties, compliance, municipal planning, homeowners associations, design regulations, property rights, building permits, single-family homes, liquor, alcohol, spirituous liquor, liquor license, liquor licensing, Arizona Department of Liquor Licenses and Control, restaurant to-go cocktails, mixed cocktails