Video & Transcript Research : 'Jefferson method'

Page 174 of 278
HI
Transcript Highlights:
  • employers that offer transportation demand management strategies to employees who commute using a method
  • employees who commute strategies to employees who commute using<00:12:49.440> a<00:12:49.680> method
  • <00:12:49.920> other<00:12:50.160> than<00:12:50.399> single using a method
  • other than single using a method other than single occupancy<00:12:51.279> vehicles.
Keywords: 910, house, all
Summary: The Transportation Committee met on February 5 and heard testimony on a long agenda of transportation-related bills. Early measures included HB 2392, which would create an employer tax credit for transportation demand management benefits; HB 2462, which would bar auto manufacturers and dealers from charging post-sale fees for already-installed hardware; and HB 2423, which would require diesel sold for on-road use to contain at least 5% biodiesel. HB 2392 drew support from the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization and one individual, with the Department of Taxation and the Tax Foundation offering comments. HB 2462 drew support from DCCA and one individual, while the Alliance for Automotive Innovation opposed it. HB 2423 drew comments from the Hawaii State Energy Office and Hawaii Farm Bureau, support from Pacific Biodiesel and the Hawaii Transportation Association, and a question from the chair about whether biodiesel is exported; the witness said production stays local. The committee also heard HB 1771 on voluntary carbon offsets for air travel, HB 2081 on requiring firefighters exempt from CDL rules to follow equivalent alcohol and substance abuse policies, HB 2334 on allowing the Department of Transportation to assume NEPA responsibilities for certain projects, and HB 2336 on DOT agreements with the Department of Defense for work at military installations using federal funds. HB 1771 drew comments from Life of the Land warning that carbon offsets are often unreliable and could create liability, while Alaska Airlines and Hawaiian Airlines offered comments. HB 2081 received support from DOT, county human resources offices, fire departments, and county officials, with the Hawaii Firefighters Association in opposition. HB 2334 was supported by DOT, and the director said other states using NEPA assignment can complete projects in about half the time. HB 2336 was supported by DOT, HIEMA, DBEDT’s military relations office, and the Hawaii Military Affairs Council; the committee discussed the administrative fee as a way to recover costs under an intergovernmental agreement. The most extensive testimony centered on HB 1666, which would limit new motor vehicle markups above 5% of MSRP and require recordkeeping. Multiple dealer groups and the Hawaii Automobile Dealers Association opposed it, arguing it would threaten dealership operations, especially in Hawaii’s high-cost market and for vehicles without an MSRP. The committee also heard HB 2375 on uniform towing and parking enforcement standards on state and leased lands, including notice, disability protections, payment safeguards, and public reporting; DLNR, DAGS, and several advocacy groups testified, with strong public support and concerns about towing practices and ADA compliance. HB 2415, which would appropriate funds for crosswalks near school properties, drew support from DOT, DOE, and the Hawaii Bicycling League, and the committee discussed how counties would request projects and how funding would be allocated. Finally, HB 2451, which would move Hawaii toward fare-free public transit beginning in 2027 and create a dedicated funding source through a petroleum tax increase, received broad support from DOT, the Energy Office, public health and advocacy groups, and many individuals; DOE testified that it currently uses about $2.1 million for student bus passes and that the program is tied to savings from inactive school bus routes.
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • See, in your testimony about the master agreement, it's an appropriate method for this project for the
  • 01:08:01.920> an<01:08:02.079> appropriate<01:08:02.960> uh<01:08:03.440> method
  • <01:08:04.559> for it's is an appropriate uh method for it's is an appropriate uh method for
Summary: The committee heard a staff report on Kentucky’s statewide emergency responder voice system (SERVS), a multi-phase project intended to improve interoperable radio communications for first responders. Staff said Kentucky State Police did not appear to have violated statutes or regulations, but the project lacked an overall master plan, clear milestones, and consistent documentation, which contributed to delays, spending issues, and deployment problems. The report recommended updating the Kentucky Field Operations Guide to reflect SERVS and noted that the project has been funded in phases since 2018, with appropriations totaling roughly $216 million across 2018, 2020, 2022, and 2024, while about $109 million had been spent by the end of fiscal year 2025. The report raised concerns about project sequencing and oversight. Staff said most spending was concentrated in special mobile equipment, with Motorola accounting for about two-thirds of all SERVS expenditures and the top four vendors making up 81 percent of spending. They also said a sample of Motorola payments suggested possible late payments, though they could not confirm whether interest was paid. Staff criticized the use of master agreements for a project of this size, the lack of a centralized ledger, and the absence of a documented timeline or risk mitigation plan. They recommended stronger procurement and planning requirements, including possible legislative changes requiring approved master plans for large capital projects and additional funding conditions tied to SERVS master agreements. Land acquisition and deployment progress were identified as major bottlenecks, especially in Eastern Kentucky. Staff said the project began in western Kentucky using existing tower sites, but the remaining work is concentrated in harder-to-acquire areas, with more than 95 percent of new towers still incomplete. They said the Division of Real Properties did not begin formal contract work on acquisition until October 2024, despite earlier coordination, and recommended earlier consultation on future projects. Staff also noted that the Kentucky Wireless Interoperability Executive Committee had not been active in oversight, and survey results showed limited awareness and involvement among first responders. Committee members agreed that the lack of an initial implementation plan and the continuing need for funding reflected broader planning problems, and they discussed the need for a clearer end-to-end game plan rather than continuing to fund the project without a defined completion path.
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • They probably, their goal is to use whatever procedural method they can to get the kid off.
  • 40.480> use<01:17:40.720> whatever<01:17:41.040> procedural<01:17:41.800> method
  • kid, uh, use whatever procedural method kid, uh, use whatever procedural method they<01:17:42.640
Summary: The Juvenile Justice Oversight Council met with a quorum, approved the October 8, 2025 minutes, and welcomed guests including Marshall County Attorney Jason Darnall. The main topic was juvenile interrogation, with a presentation from Kentucky Youth Advocates by Courtney Downs and Shannon Moody. They said their organization is supporting a 2026 Blueprint priority requiring children to consult with an attorney before waiving Miranda rights, and they emphasized research on adolescent brain development, susceptibility to peer pressure and impulsive decision-making, and the risk of false confessions. They cited National Registry of Exonerations data showing high rates of false confessions among exonerated youth, especially younger children, and described approaches in other states such as Maryland’s Child Interrogation Protection Act, Indiana’s statute allowing certain adults to waive rights in some circumstances, and laws in other states requiring recording of interrogations or limiting deceptive tactics. Members asked about trauma and adverse childhood experiences, whether the proposal would require attorney consultation in every juvenile interview, whether parents could instead be the ones consulted, and how such a rule would affect law enforcement investigations and juvenile accountability. Senator Carroll and others raised concerns about feasibility, delays, and whether juveniles might avoid accountability if attorneys are required before questioning. The presenters responded that they were focused on ensuring children understand their legal rights, that some states use age- or offense-based limits, and that parent consultation is another model used elsewhere, though they said a lawyer is best suited to explain legal rights and process. Members also discussed the role of the Department of Public Advocacy and whether legislative action or court decisions should address the issue. The council did not take final action on the policy, but requested additional materials, including the text of laws from Maryland, Indiana, and North Carolina, for further review.
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • So our ask is not as big as that because we're using the proper method, which is that the state does
  • /c> as big as that because we're using as big as that because we're using proper<00:52:55.119> method
  • 55.680> is<00:52:55.839> that<00:52:56.079> the<00:52:56.319> state proper method
  • which is that the state proper method which is that the state does<00:52:56.960> 34%<00:52:58.000
Keywords: 958, all
Summary: The Budget Review Subcommittee on Health and Family Services met in person, approved the October 15 minutes, and began with a moment of silence following a Louisville UPS plane explosion that was described as a local tragedy affecting many families and first responders. The main presentation was an overview of Kentucky’s Medicaid non-emergency medical transportation (NMT) program from the Department for Medicaid Services and the Transportation Cabinet. Witnesses explained that NMT is a federally required Medicaid benefit, administered by the Transportation Cabinet under a risk-based capitated model, with eligibility limited to Medicaid members traveling to medically necessary, Medicaid-covered services and who lack access to other transportation. They also described exclusions, including certain KCHIP, QMB, and PACE members, and outlined the brokered regional structure, call center operations, scheduling rules, vehicle and driver oversight, complaint handling, and rider surveys. The presenters reported that NMT handled more than 3.1 million trips in state fiscal year 2024, with over 1.38 million trips already recorded in October, and said customer satisfaction surveys were high. They said the FY 2025-26 contract total is about $360.6 million, with monthly per-member capitation rates set by region through an actuarial process and approved by CMS. They emphasized that payments are tied to monthly Medicaid enrollment and that the state draws down federal funds for the exact amount paid, with no leftover balance. They also said most NMT use comes from adult day centers and rehabilitative care such as dialysis. Members questioned the witnesses about how quality metrics and contract standards are set, whether the state had explored alternatives such as Uber Health or other integrated models, and how utilization was calculated. The witnesses said contract requirements are developed collaboratively by Medicaid Services, the Transportation Cabinet, and other agencies, and that studies of other models generally found higher costs and lower approval ratings, with additional research on a hybrid model expected by the end of the year. They clarified that one figure reflected the share of Medicaid members with registered vehicles, while another reflected actual NMT users, and they defended the capitated structure as shifting financial risk to brokers rather than the state. Representative Fleming also raised concerns about oversight, reporting, and the apparent gap between budgeted and contracted amounts, asking whether any unused funds would return to general funds; the discussion ended before a final answer was given.
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • Um, so those are some of the typical common methods.
  • ><00:52:35.760> common of the kind of the typical common of the kind of the typical common methods
  • :52:37.440> kind<00:52:37.680> of<00:52:37.760> what<00:52:38.000> is methods
  • And so knowing kind of what is methods.
Keywords: 958, all
Summary: The Medicaid Oversight and Advisory Board meeting began with a roll call and approval of the October 7 meeting minutes. The chair then reordered the agenda to hear the item on Medicaid reimbursement rates and network adequacy first because of scheduling issues. Dr. Steve Robertson of the Kentucky Dental Association was sworn in and testified at length about Kentucky’s dental Medicaid program, arguing that reimbursement rates are unsustainably low, have been largely flat for decades, and are often below the cost of providing care. He said Kentucky ranks near the bottom nationally in oral health, dental Medicaid rates are often 60% or less of commercial rates, and the program’s share of the Medicaid budget has effectively remained around 2% despite growth in enrollment and services. Dr. Robertson said the low rates are contributing to provider losses, rural access gaps, longer wait times, dental deserts, and greater use of emergency rooms for preventable dental problems. He cited examples of office costs exceeding reimbursement for basic procedures, noted that many dentists are small private businesses, and said the state is struggling to recruit and retain dentists because of low payment levels and high student debt. He also pointed to disparities with neighboring states and said recent increases in some oral surgery and cleaning codes were not enough to address the broader problem. His recommendations included completing the rebasing study, increasing dental reimbursement in the upcoming budget, tying future reviews to inflation and cost data, aligning benchmarks, and prioritizing preventive and restorative care to improve workforce stability and access. Board members asked about the size of the needed increase, the effect of private insurance on dental practice finances, and what a new dentist might expect to earn. Dr. Robertson said the association is working on an appropriations request and that private insurance pressures are part of the problem as well, since many plans are HMOs or PPOs with limited provider control over rates. He also said the association can no longer conduct reimbursement surveys because of FTC restrictions, but would try to obtain current ADA data. In response to questions about the future of the program, he warned that without significant changes it could become unsustainable and cited Ohio and Missouri as examples where higher reimbursement improved provider participation and access. The board then heard from Mr. Bowman of Baldwin Consulting, who discussed outpatient behavioral health providers, including ABA therapy and mental health/substance use disorder services. He said these providers face similar issues of rising costs, flat reimbursement, and access problems. He reviewed Kentucky’s network adequacy standards, including travel-time standards, 30-day appointment limits, and newer federal requirements that will require services within 10 business days by 2029. He said wait times for outpatient behavioral health, especially children’s services and ABA, have grown substantially, sometimes to more than a year, and emphasized that the Medicaid department must enforce these standards.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on State and Local Government - 05/01/25

State and Local Government

Transcript Highlights:
  • I support the basic intent, but I don't support the method of doing it.
  • basic intent, but I don't<01:02:50.880> support<01:02:51.200> the<01:02:51.440> method
  • don't support the method of doing it. don't support the method of doing it.
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

Committee on Higher Education - 04/08/25

Higher Education

Transcript Highlights:
  • line one, this is the change to the emergency assistance for post-secondary students distribution method
  • um for post-secondary students um for post-secondary students um distribution<00:28:08.720> method
  • so<00:28:09.360> that<00:28:09.520> the<00:28:09.760> office distribution method
  • so that the office distribution method so that the office of<00:28:10.080> higher<00:28:10.399
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

Committee on State and Local Government - 04/01/25

State and Local Government

Transcript Highlights:
  • evidence that this complicated and costly process saves us any money relative to our best value RFP method
  • c><01:14:11.679> best<01:14:12.000> value<01:14:12.400> RFP<01:14:13.040> method
  • relative to our best value RFP method relative to our best value RFP method used<01:14:13.880>
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Health and Human Services - 04/01/25

Health and Human Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • reducing the impact on health, but it is saving the state within the same budget cycle to use healing methods
  • c><00:04:06.159> to<00:04:06.400> use<00:04:06.640> healing<00:04:07.120> methods
  • same budget cycle to use healing methods same budget cycle to use healing methods to<00:04:08.159
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Commerce and Consumer Protection - 03/25/25

Commerce and Consumer Protection

Transcript Highlights:
  • will come online as soon as the moratorium ends, and has always been doing it according to proper methods
  • :15:53.880> according<00:15:54.279> to<00:15:55.279> proper<00:15:56.000> methods
  • <00:15:57.000> um doing it according to proper methods um doing it according to proper methods
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

Committee on Commerce and Consumer Protection - 03/20/25

Commerce and Consumer Protection

Transcript Highlights:
  • She said they are working with MNSure on the fiscal note to make sure the assumptions and the method
  • c><01:32:56.719> the assumptions they're making and the assumptions they're making and the method
  • 58.000> would<01:32:58.159> use<01:32:58.320> to<01:32:58.480> implement method
  • that they would use to implement method that they would use to implement it<01:32:59.440> that
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

House Agriculture Finance and Policy Committee 3/19/25

Agriculture Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • is a little concerned about the jurisdictional issues in the departments, and says maybe a more methodical
  • maybe<01:47:02.000> a<01:47:02.119> little<01:47:02.360> more<01:47:03.080> methodical
  • <01:47:04.080> um<01:47:04.280> front maybe a little more methodical um front maybe
  • a little more methodical um front end<01:47:04.880> into<01:47:05.239> this<01:47:05.760
HI
Transcript Highlights:
  • Yeah, it's very difficult, if not impossible, to calculate, and I think it's more so just a method of
  • <00:10:54.040> a and I think it's more so um just a and I think it's more so um just a method
  • calculation<00:10:55.600> how<00:10:55.880> exactly<00:10:56.240> we method
  • of calculation how exactly we method of calculation how exactly we would<00:10:56.519> be<00:
Keywords: 912, senate, all
Summary: The joint committees first heard House Bill 229, which would establish a statewide speed restriction for motor vehicles under certain circumstances. Testimony on the bill was limited and came in support from the City and County of Honolulu’s transportation services, the Department of Parks and Recreation, and the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization. No one testified in opposition, and there were no questions. The committees then took up House Bill 860, which would grant immunity from liability to the state or counties when they repair or maintain a street whose ownership or jurisdiction is disputed between them. The Department of Transportation and the Department of Land and Natural Resources submitted written testimony, and the Hawaii State Association of Counties, Maui County Council Chair Alice Lee, Hawaii County Council member Heather Kimble, and the Iolani Homestead Community Association for Justice testified in support. The Ho Association for Justice opposed the bill, arguing the immunity was too broad and that the issue had already been addressed by prior legislation. In discussion, members raised concerns about liability and asked whether a different approach, such as extending the 2017 law transferring Oahu roads in limbo to the counties, would be acceptable; county representatives said that path could be considered if immunity were removed. House Bill 1161, which would authorize counties to use a road usage charge mechanism similar to the state’s, drew support from the Department of Transportation, the Energy Office, the Hawaii State Association of Counties, several county and city offices, and the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization. Rental car companies and industry groups supported the concept but asked for amendments, including a flat fee instead of a per-mile charge, relief for plug-in hybrid vehicles, and a delayed implementation date. The Tax Foundation of Hawaii also supported relief for hybrids. Members questioned the rental car representatives about the flat-fee proposal, and they said a per-mile charge would be difficult to calculate and pass on to customers. At the end of the joint agenda, the committees deferred decision-making on HB 1161 to Tuesday, March 18 at 3:00 p.m., and the Energy and Intergovernmental Affairs committee also deferred the three measures to that date and time. The Transportation and Culture and the Arts committee then began hearing House Bill 925, which would create a Performing Arts Special Fund, and House Bill 1378, which would establish a Performing Arts Grants Program and Special Fund and revise the State Foundation on Culture and the Arts’ responsibilities and funding sources. HB 925 received support from the State Foundation on Culture and the Arts and written support or comments from DBEDT, the Hawaii Arts Alliance, and others. HB 1378 drew extensive testimony and discussion focused on preserving arts funding while addressing concerns about the use of Works of Art Special Fund dollars for positions and programming. The Governor’s office said it supported the intent but had concerns; the Attorney General warned that the bill’s cap and transfer provisions were unclear and could affect the tax-exempt status of bond-funded dollars; and the State Foundation on Culture and the Arts opposed the measure, urging an audit, tracking of deposits, and a shift of positions and programs to general funds instead of changing the law. The chair explained that the bill was intended to protect arts funding while tightening the legal guardrails around bond-financed dollars and preserving federal support, and asked testimony to focus on new points as the hearing continued.
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

Committee on Environment, Climate and Legacy - 03/04/25

Environment, Climate, and Legacy

Transcript Highlights:
  • and a lot of people, and everyone wants to be inclusive, and that we are all having an inclusive method
  • that we we are we all having<01:25:25.520> an<01:25:25.679> inclusive<01:25:26.239> method
  • ><01:25:26.679> here<01:25:26.960> but<01:25:27.440> you having an inclusive method
  • here but you having an inclusive method here but you know<01:25:27.840> there<01:25:28.440>
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

House Judiciary Finance and Civil Law Committee 2/25/25

Judiciary Finance and Civil Law

Transcript Highlights:
  • This is a method by which a trustee is already vested with a power to be able to make certain changes
  • decanting<00:20:31.039> this<00:20:31.200> is<00:20:31.360> a<00:20:31.520> method
  • <00:20:31.919> by trust decanting this is a method by trust decanting this is a method by
Bills: HF747, HF360
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on State and Local Government - 02/13/25

State and Local Government

Transcript Highlights:
  • establishment of self-imposed limits on daily wagering unless waived, a charge to the commissioner to develop methods
  • 55.720> commissioner<00:03:56.120> to<00:03:56.280> develop<00:03:56.640> methods
  • <00:03:56.959> to the commissioner to develop methods to the commissioner to develop methods
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MN
Transcript Highlights:
  • That meant that 60% were using other kind of ad hoc methods.
  • other kind<00:13:41.839> of<00:13:42.079> ad<00:13:42.360> hoc<00:13:42.680> methods
  • > so<00:13:43.720> just<00:13:43.959> as<00:13:44.079> an kind of ad hoc methods
  • so just as an kind of ad hoc methods so just as an example<00:13:44.839> during<00:13:45.199>
Keywords: 1183, house
Summary: The committee heard a presentation from State Auditor Judy Randall and Deputy Legislative Auditor Jody Mason Rodriguez on the Office of the Legislative Auditor’s 2023 report, “Oversight of State-Funded Grants to Nonprofit Organizations.” Randall explained that the report takes a broad look at how Minnesota manages grants, building on earlier work that helped lead to the Office of Grants Management (OGM) in 2007. She emphasized that the new recommendation-tracking booklet in members’ packets is meant to help the legislature see which audit recommendations have been implemented, partially implemented, or not implemented, and to support oversight rather than assign blame. Rodriguez summarized the report’s findings: Minnesota’s grants management policies contain many important practices, but they often lack enough detail for agencies to implement them consistently. The office found pervasive noncompliance in recent years and identified weak statutory enforcement as a major reason. She reviewed how grants flow from the legislature to agencies and then to nonprofit grantees and subgrantees, and noted that state agencies spent an average of about $514 million annually on nonprofit grants from fiscal years 2018 through 2022, awarding grants to about 2,400 nonprofits. The report found OGM policies partially reflected 17 of 24 recommended grant-management practices, but examples of missing detail included no required risk-based monitoring, no minimum standards for progress reports, telephone-only monitoring visits allowed, and no deadline for closeout reviews. The auditors said some recommendations have been acted on since the report, including 2023 statutory changes that led OGM to revise its pre-award financial review policy and set a timeline for closeout reviews, though other recommendations remain only partially implemented. They also discussed repeat compliance problems across agencies, including conflict-of-interest documentation, and said agencies are beginning to improve by automating checklists and disclosure processes. In response to member questions, the auditors said training is important and should likely be required for grants staff, though not necessarily with highly specific statutory language; they also said grant managers vary widely across agencies, making baseline training especially useful. No votes or formal committee actions were taken during the presentation, and the chair noted that OGM would be invited for a future presentation.
HI

Hawaii 2025 Regular Session

AGR Public Hearing - Fri Feb 7, 2025 @ 9:30 AM HST

Agriculture & Food Systems

Transcript Highlights:
  • There are people that do that, so we are looking at a regional method of doing this as well.
  • /c><00:30:49.600> a<00:30:49.799> regional<00:30:50.799> um<00:30:51.600> method
  • <00:30:51.960> of at looking at a regional um method of at looking at a regional um method
Keywords: 910, house, all
NH
Transcript Highlights:
  • Ultimately, I think that the prudent method to move forward with this is certainly through the budget
  • 08:03.279> prudent ultimately I think that the prudent ultimately I think that the prudent method
  • 05.159> forward<04:08:05.479> with<04:08:05.600> this<04:08:05.760> is method
  • to move forward with this is method to move forward with this is certainly<04:08:06.159> through<
Keywords: 1189, house, all
Summary: The committee first heard House Bill 180, which concerns critical incident stress management teams. Representative Mark PR, the bill sponsor, proposed an amendment to add a definition of “team leader” and to clarify that teams may or may not be affiliated with a municipality. He argued that a certification test offered by the International Critical Incident Stress Foundation is unnecessary and too expensive at $400, since team members are volunteers who already receive training and continuing education. Committee members asked about the training structure and certification language, and the sponsor explained that the teams are self-certified and that the amendment was intended to clean up the bill’s language. The committee then voted on HB 180 in executive session. Amendment 0261H was adopted 11-0, and the bill was then moved as amended and passed 11-0. The committee placed the bill on consent. Later, the committee heard House Bill 438, sponsored by Representative Timothy Horan, dealing with immigration detention and related state policy. Horan described the bill as an update to earlier legislation and said it would codify best practices, prohibit state cooperation with mass deportation efforts, bar for-profit operation of immigration detention facilities, and require Executive Council approval before the governor could deploy the National Guard for immigration deportation activities. Committee members questioned whether the bill could be read as authorizing detention facilities and discussed the relationship between the state and Strafford County Jail. An amendment presented on behalf of Representative Patrick Long was described as a technical rewrite that removed several sections and changed language, but the hearing ended before any vote was taken on HB 438.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Business, Professions and Economic Development Committee Jun 29th, 2026

Business, Professions and Economic Development

Transcript Highlights:
  • somebody's likeness, somebody's copyrighted information, and then transformed using AI or any other methods
  • This approach has the potential to become one of the most environmentally responsible methods of critical
Keywords: 987, senate, all