Video & Transcript Research : 'mandatory minimum sentence'
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MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Correctional Consolidation and Collaboration Jun 21st, 2026 at 01:00 pm
Transcript Highlights:
- Mandatory would be the state-mandated mandatory release provisions. Those also continue to work.
- Mandatory would be the state-mandated mandatory release provisions. Those also continue to work.
- It's a release, a mandatory release.
- It depends on the form of sentence, right.
- After the SJC's ruling in Dickens, all sentences are aggregated, including life sentences.
Summary:
The Special Commission on Criminal Justice Reform 3.0 heard a presentation from the Massachusetts Parole Board focused on consolidation, cooperation, and evidence-based supervision across the correctional system. Parole Board Chair Angela Gomez-June described the board’s mission, its coordination with the Department of Correction, houses of correction, courts, probation, law enforcement, victim services, and UMass partners, and outlined 2024 activity including 2,810 institutional release hearings, 18,238 victim notifications, 53 pardon petitions, 70 commutation petitions, 41 early termination applications, and supervision of 2,993 parolees. She emphasized the board’s shift toward individualized, data-driven decision-making, including revised GPS use, graduated sanctions, and more service-oriented community supervision.
Members and sheriffs pressed for clearer breakdowns of the board’s data, including the difference between releases, hearings, and active supervision; average length of supervision; the share of lifers in the caseload; and how many people are placed in housing, employment, and treatment. The board said its active supervised population fluctuates around 1,600 to 1,800, with more than 400 lifers, and that about 30 to 36 percent of its population is housed through programs such as MASH, community justice resource centers, and sheriff-run residential programs like Rocky Hill and HOPE. Members also discussed parole refusals, noting that some individuals decline parole to avoid supervision or to serve time inside instead, and asked for a more detailed breakdown of those cases.
The board and commission also discussed collaboration with DOC and UMass on risk assessment, reentry planning, and community pathways, including a tablet video explaining the parole process and pharmacist support for medication-related drug test issues. The board reported that after the SJC’s Matus decision, 210 individuals were identified as affected, 144 were immediately eligible for hearings, 100 hearings had been completed, and 10 more were scheduled; it also said clemency and commutation work had been slowed by staffing and Matus-related demands. The meeting ended with a request for follow-up data on outcomes, supervision lengths, housing and employment placements, and other consolidated statistics, and the commission announced its next public hearing for March 9 at 10 a.m. before adjourning.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Correctional Consolidation and Collaboration Jun 21st, 2026 at 11:00 am
Transcript Highlights:
- So, I think, you know, it has to do with mandatory minimum sentencing, and the idea of discretionary
- And so if you had a mandatory minimum sentence and it was three to five years, the idea is that in that
- And so judges took to the practice of sentencing people to prison and then a sentence after prison to
- We have sentencing restrictions.
- Mostly sentenced to the center.
Summary:
The Special Commission on Correctional Consolidation and Collaboration met to approve the May 5 minutes and hear a presentation from the Massachusetts Probation Service. The minutes were approved unanimously, with a request that a member’s closing remarks be added to the record. The commission also noted online participants and confirmed quorum before moving to the presentation.
Probation leaders described the agency’s role as the state’s largest post-release supervision system and emphasized its focus on reentry, accountability, and reducing technical violations. They outlined the from-and-after sentencing structure, dual supervision with parole, and efforts to reduce revocations and non-criminal violations. Members asked about racial and ethnic disparity work, and probation said that effort is funded through the trial court and state budget, not federal grants. The presentation highlighted community engagement, simplified and translated probation conditions, workforce diversification, and training aimed at improving trust and access for court users.
A major portion of the discussion focused on Community Justice Support Centers, evidence-based programming, and shared services such as housing, MassHealth enrollment, transportation, and behavioral health referrals. Probation said the centers are underutilized but have shown improved outcomes in non-randomized studies, with lower recidivism among participants compared with similar probationers. Members discussed mental health access, veterans identification, medication-assisted treatment, and the importance of state IDs and driver’s licenses for successful reentry. The commission also heard about housing supports, including transitional and sober housing, and a statewide behavioral health initiative for justice-involved individuals. The meeting ended with plans for the next session on July 11 and a motion to adjourn, which passed.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
- There’s a mandatory sentence for that.
- There's a mandatory sentence for that.
- We stand in opposition to the bill solely on the point of the inmates that have unserved mandatory minimum
- We just respectfully request an effective date and note that people serving mandatory minimums and lockup
- Second, the procedures seem to ignore minimum sentences required by law, invoked by the judge at sentencing
Keywords:
image-based sexual abuse, working group, gender-based violence, Hawaii Commission on the Status of Women, prevention efforts, survivor protections, new technologies, legal reform, HCR14, House Concurrent Resolution, perpetual easement, non-exclusive easement, state submerged lands, submerged lands, shoreline easement, drainage outfall, stormwater outfall, lagoon outfall, pipelines, Kahala Hotel & Resort
WY
Wyoming 2026 Regular Session
Judiciary Committee Interim Topics Meeting, March 6, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- Or anybody else on sentence reduction clean slate. No. Going once, going twice. Okay.
- And that such treatment is mandatory upon an initial DUI test.
- Parish on review of Wyoming mandatory reporting laws. Oh, no. You're not Ms. Parish. Mr.
- Mandatory reporting is one of the most crucial safeguards we have to protect children.
- Those minimums right now stand at Those minimums right now stand at 250,000 250,000 250,000 for<01:03
Summary:
The Judiciary Interim Committee met under time constraints and asked members to rank interim topics for a letter to Management Council. The committee then took brief public testimony on a series of proposed study topics, with no formal votes recorded in the transcript. Early testimony focused on landlord eviction rights, where speakers said the court eviction process is too slow, can worsen housing shortages, and leaves landlords unable to recover rent, fees, or damage costs. The foster care topic was presented as a request to examine whether the system gives too much weight to reunification and not enough to the child’s best interests, especially for younger children. A Blue Envelope Program proposal was also discussed; supporters said it would help law enforcement communicate with autistic or otherwise communication-challenged individuals during traffic stops and emergencies, and improve consistency statewide.
The committee also heard a proposal to study Wyoming’s homicide-by-vehicle statute, with testimony from a constituent whose mother was killed by a repeat dangerous driver. Speakers argued the current law leaves a gap because prior DUIs, high-risk driving history, and other aggravating factors do not meaningfully affect charging unless intoxication or extreme conduct is present. Related testimony from Wyoming Pathways said the change should be a tool in the toolbox for prosecutors and could improve safety for pedestrians and drivers. Senator Cooper then raised campaign finance reform and dark money, urging a resolution asking Wyoming’s congressional delegation to seek a constitutional amendment to overturn Citizens United and restore state control over election spending transparency.
Additional topics included a request from the Wyoming Livestock Board to review peace officer statutes so its investigators could act on felonies committed in their presence or prevent imminent bodily harm, while remaining within their current duties and certification. Representative Lee asked for review of non-disclosure agreements in public-private partnerships and executive sessions so the public can eventually understand how such agreements were used. Senator Pearson asked for interim consideration of shared custody amendments, saying fit parents should have a fair opportunity for shared parenting after separation. Representative Storer proposed revisiting DUI penalties, especially for refusal of chemical testing, arguing that refusal often prevents prosecution and that the law should impose treatment and license suspension consequences. The committee also heard a request to review statutes involving political parties, and the state court administrator asked for interim study of remote public access to court records, citing ongoing automation efforts, privacy concerns, and funding needs.
NH
Transcript Highlights:
- And then there's a one-year sentence.
- >> I'm someone who likes mandatory minimums. So you haven't lost me yet. Yeah.
- >> I'm someone who likes mandatory minimums. So you haven't lost me yet. Yeah.
- sentence halfway through. sentence halfway through.
- , mandatory, mandatory, it<02:02:38.080>
is <02:02:38.239>within <02:02:38.639>the
FL
Florida 2025 Regular Session
Senate in Special Session B Jan 28th, 2025
Florida Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- maximum sentence possible.
- non-jail, non-prison sentence?
- With the case, it is you can't impose a mandatory death sentence without consideration of the character
- sentences for particular things?
- Is it mandatory? Is it optional?
Keywords:
accountants, Texas Society of Certified Public Accountants, advocacy, legislation, business issues, memorial, law enforcement, sacrifice, tribute, community support, service, community, Holocaust, remembrance, antisemitism, human rights, education, Holocaust Remembrance Day, memorialization, sexual assault
KY
Kentucky 2026 Regular Session
House Chambers - Day 13 (1-23-26) - Reupload
Transcript Highlights:
- in here wants to legislate mandatory in here wants to legislate mandatory safe<00:22:33.919>
- :22:35.840>
of safe storage, mandatory safe storage of safe storage, mandatory safe storage of - minimum competence.
- not the ones that meet minimum not the ones that meet minimum competence. competence. competence
- I even support a mandatory firearm registry.
Keywords:
The live stream for the House Chambers was interrupted and this version was recovered from backups and should contain the complete Legislative Session.
Convene 00:00:00
Senate Message 00:04:40
Calendar/2nd Readings 00:05:38
Orders of the Day 00:06:14
HB 312 00:06:42
Motions, Petitions, and Communications 01:11:07
Introduction of New Bills and Resolutions 01:13:24
Recess for ConC and Rules Meeting 01:14:30
ConC/Rules Report 01:19:42
Adjournment 01:21:18, 958, all
Summary:
The House convened, received the invocation and Pledge of Allegiance, established a quorum with 89 members present, excused absent members, and suspended rules to allow co-sponsorships and vote modifications. The chamber approved the prior day’s journal and received notice that the Senate had passed SB 13, 22, 46, 51, and 90 and requested concurrence. On second reading, HB 134 (sexual assault nurse examiners), HB 168 with HCS 1 (voting under the influence), and HR 7 (recognizing guiding principles of elections in Kentucky) were reported. The House also recommitted HB 258 to the Transportation Committee and took up HB 312 for third reading and passage.
HB 312, relating to concealed firearms and deadly weapons, drew the bulk of the debate. The sponsor argued the bill would allow law-abiding 18- to 20-year-olds to obtain a provisional concealed carry license, saying they are adults in other respects, the Second Amendment protects their right to bear arms, and Kentucky should align with other states. Supporters framed the measure as a constitutional rights issue and cited defensive gun use statistics, while one member argued the root problem is family upbringing rather than guns. Opponents said the bill would increase risks in schools and public spaces, pointed to concerns from school district police and SROs, and cited research linking younger age groups and loosened carry laws to higher firearm violence; they also argued the bill would make communities less safe and that no one’s rights would be taken away by voting no. The sponsor said no stakeholder had expressed opposition and clarified the bill would not change where firearms are permitted. The transcript provided does not include the final vote on HB 312.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- So to summarize this law in a sentence, You want to protect police from accountability.
- The second sentence seems to suggest that it restricts the Michael Morton Act, and we certainly don't
- SB14 creates a mandatory requirement for all agencies to keep a separate personnel file that will be
- It's not mandatory, and it's not something that's going to be done consistently.
- With the two split, the sentences? It's sufficient to achieve that. Well, I'll ask it this way.
Keywords:
gender designation, civil penalties, private civil rights, multiple-occupancy spaces, Texas Women's Privacy Act, law enforcement, confidentiality, personnel files, employee records, misconduct, abortion, civil liability, abortion-inducing drugs, qui tam actions, Texas Citizens Participation Act, Religious Freedom Restoration Act, healthcare regulations, impact fees, water conservation, reuse projects
AZ
Arizona 2026 Regular Session
03/31/2026 - House Democratic Caucus Calendar #14
Transcript Highlights:
- Madam Chair, member, Senate Bill 1170, narcotic drugs sales minor sentencing, passed out of judiciary
- I'm assuming it's a mandatory sentencing for minors. Maybe.
- to a minimum of 10 calendar years, a presumptive sentence of six calendar years, and a maximum of 25
- Mandatory sentencing for minors, maybe.
- to a minimum of 10 calendar years, a presumptive sentence of six calendar years, and a maximum of 25
Summary:
The meeting was a caucus review of a large calendar of Senate bills, with members mainly hearing short titles, committee vote counts, and whether bills were on consent or pulled for further discussion. Many measures were reported out on party-line or split votes and several were flagged to be removed from consent, especially bills involving artificial intelligence content verification, public benefits eligibility, gender transition procedures liability, health insurance reimbursement for vaccines, light rail feasibility review, public employees merit hiring, public records fees, virtual currency payments, tax conformity, undocumented immigrants and financial services, central bank digital currency, and public monies investment in trust currency.
The caucus also discussed a number of education, public safety, child welfare, health, and regulatory bills. These included measures on school communications, bullying liability, AED training, classroom management, school safety reporting, DCS procedures, fingerprinting at behavioral health facilities, probation conditions, missing children reporting, sex offender monitoring, crimes against children probation monitoring, and domestic violence release conditions. Several members raised objections or concerns about specific bills, including mandatory sentencing, religious sectarian law language, concealed weapons notice repeal, and a bill on death sentence by firing squad, with some members asking to pull those bills from consent.
A final topic was a blue-sheet Senate amendment to HB 2874 on campaign committee termination statements and penalties. Rhonda explained the Senate changes would void penalties for committees with no contributions or expenditures, retroactive to December 2021, but noted the Senate did not secure enough votes for the emergency clause. Members asked about the rationale, the Secretary of State’s position, and the amount of outstanding penalties. The chair later announced that the Senate amendment was being refused, so the bill would not receive final passage that day and would instead be sent back for further action or conference.
KY
Kentucky 2026 Regular Session
Senate Legislative Session Day 56 (3-31-26)
Kentucky Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Senate Bill 122, an act relating to alternative sentences.
- violent offender and raises minimum violent offender and raises minimum parole<03:38:34.160>
- offenses, including longer mandatory offenses, including longer mandatory time<03:38:38.560>
- /c><03:38:44.080>
re-entry bill clarifies that mandatory re-entry bill clarifies that mandatory - bars for an appropriate minimum period. bars for an appropriate minimum period.
Keywords:
open records, public access, transparency, government accountability, public agency, dental practice, licensing, administrative regulations, dental assistants, supervision, Medicaid, community engagement, healthcare, managed care, eligibility, public assistance, insurance, public adjuster, claim process, contract requirements
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
Committee on Judiciary and Public Safety - 04/11/25
Judiciary and Public Safety
Transcript Highlights:
- minimum sentences, and the chairman funds that at $133,000 in the first year, one time.
- <00:21:47.200>
minimum <00:21:47.960>sentences, force on mandatory minimum sentences - , force on mandatory minimum sentences, and<00:21:49.440>
the <00:21:49.679>chairman <00 - The last section in this article, section 12, is the task force on mandatory minimum sentences.
- um man mandatory assessment um man mandatory assessment uh<01:38:18.080>
on <01:38:18.320>
HI
Transcript Highlights:
- Staffing shortages, higher turnover rates, mandatory overtime, and work schedules create significant
- I don't have the ability to cut someone's sentence short.
- And then I think it also has to do with the fact that it's a small minimum-security facility.
- seeing some improvements it is a minimum seeing some improvements it is a minimum security<01:01
- We will not mix pre-trial and sentenced felons because the felons prey on the pre-trial.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Members, this is the bill we heard previously by Chairman Leach relating to increasing the minimum term
- of imprisonment and changing the eligibility for community supervision, mandatory supervision, and parole
- or 30 years, whichever is minimum.
- This isn't going to increase somebody's sentence.
- We found some closure and peace of mind knowing he was taken to Huntsville to serve his sentence.
Bills:
HB153
NH
New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session
House Criminal Justice and Public Safety (02/07/2025)
Criminal Justice and Public Safety
KY
Kentucky 2026 Regular Session
House Legislative Session Day 13 (1-23-26)
Kentucky House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- <00:22:32.720>
safe wants to legislate mandatory safe wants to legislate mandatory safe storage of storage, mandatory safe storage of storage, mandatory safe storage of ammunition<00:22:35.760- And out of the studies, only 123 showed that it met minimum competence.
- And the ones that make the headlines are not the ones that meet minimum competence.
- And out of the studies, only 123 showed that it met minimum competence.
Keywords:
Convene 00:00
Senate Message 04:41
Calendar/2nd Readings 05:37
Orders of the Day 06:14
HB 312 06:41
Interrupted Stream 38:41, 958, all
Summary:
The House convened with an invocation focused on the approaching storm and the need to check on neighbors, first responders, hospitals, and vulnerable residents. A quorum was established, absent members were excused, the rules were suspended for co-sponsorship and vote modification filings, and the journal from Thursday, January 22, 2026 was approved. The clerk also reported Senate passage of SB 13, 22, 46, 51, and 90 and requested concurrence.
Under orders of the day, HB 258 was recommitted to the Transportation Committee. The chamber then took up HB 312, an act relating to concealed firearms and deadly weapons, which would create a provisional concealed carry license for law-abiding 18- to 20-year-olds. The sponsor argued the bill restores equal treatment for adults, aligns Kentucky with other states, and imposes training and background-check requirements. Supporters said the Second Amendment applies to this age group, that military service and other adult responsibilities are already entrusted to them, and that the bill would not change prohibited locations for firearms.
Opponents argued the measure would increase gun violence and public safety risks, citing concerns from school district police, SROs, and empirical research about firearm-related assaults, homicides, and brain development in young adults. They emphasized that concealed weapons reduce visibility for parents, schools, and law enforcement and pointed to local youth-violence prevention efforts in Lexington as progress that could be undermined. Supporters countered that defensive gun use is common, that the CDC and other studies overstate gun harms, and that the bill is about constitutional rights rather than hunting or alcohol analogies. The transcript provided does not include the final vote on HB 312.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- To further protect children, this bill expands the minimum 25-year sentence for aggravated sexual assault
- Currently, the super aggravated minimum sentence is only for children 6 and younger, or children aged
- This would make the minimum for any child under 14.
- sentencing.
- Sentence these cases as appropriate.
Bills:
HB316
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Committee on Juvenile and Emerging Adult Justice Jun 21st, 2026 at 01:00 pm
Senate Committee on Juvenile and Emerging Adult Justice
Transcript Highlights:
- Diversion is mandatory for a number of charges, and it’s mandatory for the first couple of times.
- Diversion is mandatory for a number of charges, and it’s mandatory for the first couple of times.
- They make up 37% of kids who are sentenced and committed to DYS as their sentence. Did the math?
- and committed to DYS as their sentence.
- They only have a six-month sentence.
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Juvenile and Emerging Adult Justice held an informational hearing focused on diversion programs and services for high-risk youth, with no bills before the committee and no votes taken. The chair and members emphasized that the session was intended to hear from invited testimony and discuss how to strengthen diversion, reduce court involvement, and improve outcomes for youth. The committee heard first from the Office of the Child Advocate and diversion providers, who described the Massachusetts Youth Diversion Program, its statewide expansion to 10 of 11 court counties, and its reported success rate of about 80% completion without reoffending. Testimony highlighted that diversion keeps youth out of court, connects them more quickly to community-based services, and can address needs such as mental health, education, and substance use. Witnesses also pointed to racial and ethnic disparities in arrests versus summonses, regional variation in diversion access, and the need for clearer statutory authority, more funding, and broader use of pre-arrest diversion.
Committee members asked about the difference between arrest and summons, who can initiate diversion, why arrest rates have increased relative to summonses, and how diversion might prevent harmful downstream consequences such as detention or immigration enforcement involvement. Witnesses said police, clerk magistrates, district attorneys, and judges can refer youth to diversion, and argued that local policy, training, and legislative changes could expand use. They also discussed the impact of detention on youth, including stigma, lost school time, and the lack of credit for time served in the juvenile system. Testimony from Citizens for Juvenile Justice focused on prevention, school discipline, and the school-to-prison pipeline, arguing for more restorative practices, better data, and legislation to limit suspensions and expulsions, especially for younger students and nonviolent conduct. They also raised concerns about DCF-involved and foster youth, who are disproportionately represented in the juvenile system.
The final panel, the Children's League of Massachusetts and transition-age youth providers, shifted to child welfare and young adult supports. They supported reducing court involvement in child requiring assistance cases, expanding family resource centers, and strengthening services for transition-age youth leaving DCF or DYS custody. Providers described housing instability, homelessness, and the need for education, employment, behavioral health, and supportive housing services for young adults ages 18 to 23. Across the hearing, witnesses consistently argued that early intervention, community-based supports, and diversion are more effective than court processing or detention for most youth, and that the legislature can help through funding, statutory clarity, expanded eligibility, and stronger data collection.
HI
Hawaii 2026 Regular Session
TRN Public Hearing - Tue Feb 17, 2026 @ 9:15 AM HST
Transcript Highlights:
- <00:58:48.640>
10day <00:58:49.200>sentencing <00:58:49.680>or is a mandatory - 10day sentencing or is a mandatory 10day sentencing or holding<00:58:50.319>
which <00:58:50.480 - <01:33:58.639>
statutory and establishing the minimum statutory and establishing the minimum five section 286-61. establish a minimum five section 286-61. establish a minimum five of<01:- And then just clarifying the minimum And then just clarifying the minimum fine<01:35:02.000>
Summary:
The House Committee on Transportation heard several vehicle and traffic safety measures. HB 2347, which would require the director of transportation to adopt rules allowing mobile vehicle safety inspections, drew support from DOT and individual testifiers who said it would add convenience and efficiency for passenger vehicle owners. Committee members questioned how home or driveway inspections would handle safety standards such as headlight checks and whether added convenience would come with higher costs; DOT also said it would follow up on inspection fees and audit procedures. HB 182, which would exempt motorcycles and passenger cars from safety inspections, received opposition from DOT, the Hawaii Police Department, and the City and County of Honolulu Department of Customer Services, with Grassroot Institute in support. HB 2022, which would equalize county and state annual vehicle registration fees, was opposed by the Hawaii Transportation Association because it would raise costs that would likely be passed on to consumers.
The committee also took testimony on HB 1708, which would make operating a vehicle under the influence at a high intoxication level a class C felony and add probation requirements. Prosecutors, police, DOT, and the Honolulu customer services department supported the bill, while the Public Defender’s Office opposed it, arguing that it would increase court workload, require more defense resources, and create collateral consequences, including possible immigration impacts. Several witnesses and members discussed a proposed HD1 that would change the bill to a graduated penalty structure, making a first offense a misdemeanor and a second offense a felony, while also addressing deferred pleas and DUI deferrals. The Honolulu Prosecutor’s Office supported the bill’s intent but warned that Oahu lacks a reliable electronic or telephonic warrant system, which could lead to more refusals and additional court impacts.
HB 2086, which would amend negligent injury in the first degree to include injuries negligently inflicted by intoxicated drivers, received support from DOT, county prosecutors, police, and the Honolulu Prosecutor’s Office. Honolulu’s prosecutor supported the bill but recommended against the attached HD1, saying the current drafting better preserves negligent injury as a lesser included offense and avoids blending it with a separate statutory scheme. HB 2154, which would create a framework for intelligent speed assist technology and require a report to the legislature, was supported by DOT, county police, Smart Start LLC, AAA Hawaii, and others, with the Alliance for Automobile Innovation offering comments and proposed amendments. A testifier described the bill as a way to prevent repeat speeding by limiting vehicles from accelerating beyond the speed limit. No votes or final committee actions were taken in the excerpt.
LA
Keywords:
home inspectors, board membership, licensing, term limits, Louisiana State Board, utility, reimbursement, overcharges, consumer protection, economic relief, hidden fees, junk fees, drip pricing, price transparency, mandatory fees, surcharges, unfair trade practices, advertising disclosures, total price, service fees
TX
Texas 89th Regular
Trade, Workforce & Economic Development Apr 30th, 2025
Trade, Workforce & Economic Development
Transcript Highlights:
- This bill relates to the disclosure of mandatory fees or surcharges charged to a consumer by a food service
- Currently, some food service establishments impose mandatory fees or surcharges. surcharges on dine-in
- House Bill 5212 addresses this issue by requiring food service establishments that charge any mandatory
- So if the documents meet those minimum requirements, even if the clerks suspect there's fraud, they must
- It's not mandatory. It just says, "Hey, if there's something fishy..."
Bills:
HB1958, HB2031, HB2879, HB3285, HB3995, HB4487, HB4558, HB4560, HB4876, HB4899, HB5212, HB5317, HB5543, HB5567, SB1333
Keywords:
firearm possession, tenant rights, landlord regulations, civil penalties, property code, justified use of force, deadly force, property rights, home defense, smart devices, data privacy, personal data collection, user consent, mobile application, data transparency, HOA, property owners association, property owners' association, Texas Property Code, Chapter 202