Video & Transcript : 'deployers' :

Page 16 of 92
OK
Transcript Highlights:
  • Would you add NG911 deployment to that? It's going to go up.
  • For NG911 planning and deployment, we anticipate that to be within the $8 million that we originally
  • required geographic information systems (GIS) data remediation and upload to the state repository for deployment
Keywords: 914, all
Summary: The Oklahoma 911 Management Authority met with a quorum and approved the April 2 regular meeting minutes and financial reports for February through April 2026. The board then adopted the FY 2027 budget, which included a 5% staff increase, reclassifying the 911-98 liaison into a training coordinator role, adding a GIS specialist position, higher funding for training, travel, NG911 deployment, cybersecurity training, recruitment, and the 911 coordinator workshop, along with increased GIS repository funding and a new technology roadmap allocation. The budget also set aside $3 million for a one-time PSAP distribution and maintained grant closeout and reserve funding levels. The board approved the $3 million PSAP one-time distribution and its guidelines, using the statutory population-and-land-area formula, with funds restricted to GIS, eligible technology items, or grant matching rather than salaries or construction. Members also denied Washington County 911’s request to waive the 20% match for a radio console grant after staff found the county had sufficient carryover and other funding sources. The board approved an in-person 911 telecommunicator training curriculum and simulator for technical schools, with a requirement for a full simulator and NENA-approved certification, and approved a $249,820 statewide recruitment campaign with ICG Advertising to promote 911 careers. On GIS compliance, the board authorized staff, with legal counsel, to begin enforcement steps against PSAPs that do not complete required GIS data remediation and repository uploads by the June deadline, including notice and possible escrow action by the Oklahoma Tax Commission. The board also approved several individual grants, including projects for fiber/NextGen 911 transition, ADA furniture, NextGen 911 equipment, a consolidation feasibility study, recorder upgrades, and radio console upgrades for multiple counties and PSAPs. Committee and staff reports highlighted 911 Day at the Capitol, upcoming POP grant availability, new grant categories for FY 2027, cybersecurity training planning, NG911/GIS tool development, 988 outreach, and ongoing project and standards work.
OK
Transcript Highlights:
  • Would you add NG911 deployment to that? It's going to go up.
  • For NG911 planning and deployment, we anticipate that to be within the $8 million that we originally
  • required geographic information systems (GIS) data remediation and upload to the state repository for deployment
Summary: The Oklahoma 911 Management Authority met with a quorum and approved the April 2 minutes and the February, March, and April 2026 financial reports. Members then adopted the FY 2027 budget, which included a 5% staff increase, a reclassification for the 911-988 liaison/training coordinator role, a new GIS specialist position, increased funding for training, travel, cybersecurity training, recruitment, GIS repository work, and technology roadmap items. The budget also set aside funds for NG911 deployment, grant closeouts, and a $3 million reserve for a one-time PSAP distribution program. The authority approved the $3 million one-time distribution to the 123 primary PSAPs and separately approved the distribution guidelines and priority list. The program will use the statutory population-and-land-area formula, with eligible uses focused on GIS Version 3 work, technology and equipment, and grant matching; salaries, construction, radio systems, OLETS, and mobile apps were excluded. The board also denied a hardship request from Washington County 911 to waive a 20% match for a radio console grant, finding the county had sufficient carryover and other funding sources. Members approved an Oklahoma technical school in-person telecommunicator training curriculum and simulator that meets minimum training standards, and authorized a statewide 911 telecommunicator recruitment campaign with ICG Advertising for $249,820. The authority also approved a compliance action plan for PSAPs that had not completed GIS remediation and repository uploads, setting a June 19 deadline before notice and possible escrow proceedings. Several grant requests were approved, including projects for Adair, Grady, Harper, INCOG, McCurtain, Roger Mills, Pauls Valley, and Washington County, covering NG911 fiber, ADA furniture, equipment, feasibility work, recorder upgrades, and radio console improvements. In committee and staff reports, members heard updates on 911 Day at the Capitol, the POP grant timeline, legislative activity, NG911 and GIS tools, cybersecurity training, operations committee work, 988 integration outreach, and statewide project progress. The coordinator also noted work on standards, NASNA leadership, and the need for PSAPs to obtain EM Grants logins ahead of the upcoming grant cycle. The meeting adjourned after no public comments or new business were offered.
MO

Missouri 2026 Regular Session

Commerce May 4th, 2026

Commerce

Transcript Highlights:
  • again today, that some of the more challenging parts of this are really the grant, both the grant deployment
  • again today, that some of the more challenging parts of this are really the grant, both the grant deployment
Keywords: 959, house, all
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Floor Session Feb 26th, 2026

California Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Over the course of his distinguished career, he has served around the globe, including deployment, Over
  • the course of his distinguished career, he has served around the globe, including deployments in support
Summary: The Senate convened with a quorum, opened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, and then moved through several privileges of the floor. Guests and student groups were welcomed, including students from Flore High School’s Law Academy and a fourth-grade class from Holy Spirit School. Senator Blakespear also introduced Brigadier General Nick Brown, commanding general of Marine Corps Installation West and Camp Pendleton, highlighting his military service and leadership. On the floor, the Senate took up Governor’s appointments. Andrew Rakestra’s appointment to the Board of Environmental Safety was confirmed on a 28-0 vote, and Indira Cameron Banks’s appointment to the Civil Rights Council was also confirmed, 28-8. Senators then announced upcoming budget subcommittee meetings on resources, health and human services, judicial branch funding, and state administration. The chamber also heard adjourn-in-memory tributes. Senator Archuleta honored Yoshi Nakamura, a World War II veteran, educator, artist, and community activist whose life included service in the 442nd Regimental Combat Team and decades of teaching in Whittier and at Rio Hondo College. Senator Blakespear honored Dr. Rosemary George Strayley, a Peace Corps pioneer and global advocate for education, women, and girls who worked with international organizations and co-founded Run Women Run. The Senate expressed condolences and recognition for both Californians. The session concluded with the desk cleared and the Senate announcing its next meeting date, then recessing until later in the day for an adjournment motion.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Floor Session Feb 26th, 2026

California Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Over the course of his distinguished career, he has served around the globe, including deployment, Over
  • the course of his distinguished career, he has served around the globe, including deployments in support
Keywords: 987, senate, all
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Floor Session Feb 26th, 2026

California Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Over the course of his distinguished career, he has served around the globe, including deployment, Over
  • the course of his distinguished career, he has served around the globe, including deployments in support
Summary: The Senate convened with a quorum, offered prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, and recognized several guests, including students from Florence High School’s Law Academy, a fourth-grade class from Holy Spirit School, and Brigadier General Nick Brown of Marine Corps Installation West/Camp Pendleton. The chamber also handled routine business, including a motion to remove AB 1389 (Rubio) from the inactive file. The main floor action was on two gubernatorial appointments. Andrew Rakestra was confirmed to the Board of Environmental Safety by a vote of 28-0, and Indira Cameron Banks was confirmed to the Civil Rights Council by a vote of 28-8. Senators also announced upcoming budget subcommittee meetings on resources/environmental protection/energy, health and human services, judicial branch funding and court facilities, and state administration/general government. The Senate then took up adjourn-in-memory tributes. Senator Archuleta honored Yoshi Nakamura, a World War II veteran, educator, artist, and community activist whose life included service in the 442nd Regimental Combat Team and decades of teaching in Whittier and at Rio Hondo College. Senator Blakespear honored Dr. Rosemary George Strayley, a longtime international development and women’s rights advocate who served in the Peace Corps, worked with major global institutions, and co-founded Run Women Run. The Senate expressed condolences and agreed to memorialize both individuals.
US
Transcript Highlights:
  • We must stay invested in the deployment of advanced energy technologies that we know, as Mr.
  • cost-competitive with thermal generation and that battery technology is not ready for commercial deployment
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • The result is higher costs for ratepayers, slower clean energy deployment, and increased reliability
  • be a win, win, win, and deliver improved grid reliability, accelerate California's clean energy deployment
Summary: The Assembly Committee on Economic Development, Growth, and Household Impact heard AB 2516 by Assemblymember Petrie-Norris, which would create the California Grid Manufacturing Initiative within GO-Biz. The author and supporters said the bill is intended to address supply chain delays and rising costs for critical grid equipment, speed clean energy deployment, improve reliability, and encourage in-state manufacturing and high-road jobs. Support came from labor and industry representatives including UAW, IBEW, the California Labor Federation, CWA District 9, BlueGreen Alliance, California Labor for Climate Jobs, TURN, and Ingersoll Rand; no opposition was registered. Committee members raised affordability concerns, and the bill was moved to Appropriations and passed 7-1. The committee also heard ACR 173 by Assemblymember Carrillo, which would formalize a sister-state relationship between California and Jalisco, Mexico. Carrillo emphasized cultural, economic, and demographic ties, cooperation on issues such as agriculture, labor, technology, and education, and immigrant protections. There were no witnesses in opposition, and the resolution was adopted. The consent calendar included AB 2163 by Gonzalez and ACR 164 by Bains and ACR 166 by Avila Farías, all of which were approved. After quorum was established, the committee took roll, recorded multiple aye votes from absent members, and then adjourned after reporting all items out.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Committee on Economic Development, Growth, and Household Impact Apr 21st, 2026

Economic Development, Growth, and Household Impact

Transcript Highlights:
  • The result is higher cost for ratepayers, slower clean energy deployment, and increased reliability risks
  • be a win, win, win, and deliver improved grid reliability, accelerate California's clean energy deployment
Keywords: 988, house, all
FL

Florida 2026 4th Special Session

February 12, 2026 - 12:30 PM

Transcript Highlights:
  • Advanced air mobility is rapidly transitioning from research and testing to real-world deployment.
  • Advanced air mobility is rapidly transitioning from research and testing to real-world deployment.
Summary: The Transportation Economic Development Budget Subcommittee met with a quorum and took up four member bills. The first, CS/HB 1387 by Rep. Overdorf, would create the Taxpayer Dollars Protect Workers Act and require secret-ballot union recognition for companies receiving state economic development funds. Questions focused on whether the bill was pro- or anti-union and on its fiscal impact; the sponsor said it was neutral and expected no fiscal impact. Public testimony was overwhelmingly opposed, with several speakers arguing it would interfere with private-sector labor relations and discourage companies with existing labor agreements from investing in Florida, while a few supporters backed the measure. The bill was reported favorably on a party-line style vote, with several members voting no. The committee then unanimously reported favorably CS/HB 1211 by Rep. Albert, which streamlines senior management service governance in the Department of Military Affairs, updates military leave benefits for state employees serving in the Florida National Guard, expands emergency financial assistance eligibility for guardsmen, and repeals an unfunded statutory program. An amendment aligning senior management positions under state statute was adopted without objection. The committee also unanimously reported favorably CS/HB 741 by Rep. Owen, a Department of Commerce bill updating outdated statutes, including provisions on military installation revertor clauses, rural community definitions, community development block grant language, and E-Verify/unauthorized employment provisions; the sponsor said there would be little or no fiscal impact. Finally, CS/CS/HB 1093 by Rep. Spencer, dealing with advanced air mobility, was amended to focus on infrastructure and funding for vertiports and charging systems and to remove liability, siding, and preemption provisions. Support came from industry and legal groups, and the bill was reported favorably unanimously. Before adjournment, the chair noted that budget recommendations for fiscal year 2026-27 had been submitted to the appropriations chair. The ranking member offered closing remarks, saying it was his last year in the House and thanking members for their collegiality. The meeting then adjourned.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • , industry already simply is not where it needs to be in ensuring safety in the development and deployment
  • In fact, promoting public safety and safe deployment of these very powerful models is in the interest
Summary: The Assembly Privacy and Consumer Protection Committee heard SB 53 by Senator Wiener after the bill was substantially amended on the floor and referred back under Assembly Rule 77.2. The author explained that the bill, focused on AI safety and frontier models, now applies its main requirements to models trained above 10^26 FLOPs, includes broader whistleblower protections, sets different disclosure obligations based on company revenue, removes Attorney General rulemaking authority in favor of an annual Department of Technology report, and keeps a $1 million-per-violation penalty. He also highlighted CalCompute, a proposed public cloud intended to expand access to compute and support innovation. Supporters, including Encode AI and Economic Security California Action, argued the bill would hold AI developers accountable to their public safety commitments, improve transparency, protect whistleblowers, and help democratize access to AI infrastructure. They said the measure reflects extensive negotiation with the administration and stakeholders and aligns with recommendations from the governor’s frontier-model working group. Opponents, including CalChamber, TechNet, CCIA, and Chamber of Progress, remained opposed unless amended, saying they appreciated the author’s work but still had concerns outlined in their letters. Committee members questioned whether the bill could stifle innovation, how it would address worst-case AI harms, and whether it could reach actors outside California. The author responded that the bill is intended as a light-touch transparency measure, that it applies to entities doing business in California, and that California can still lead in the absence of federal action. Members also emphasized the importance of whistleblower protections and CalCompute. The committee voted 12-1 to pass the bill, with DeMaio voting no and Patterson not voting, and the bill was sent back to the floor.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • And I'm the father of an Army combat veteran of two deployments in Afghanistan, who unfortunately didn't
  • I'm a West Point graduate, a 23-year Army veteran, a paratrooper, with six combat deployments.
  • Between the two of them, they have seven deployments, three Bronze Stars.
Summary: The Assembly Committee on Military and Veterans Affairs met with a quorum and first approved its consent calendar, which included AJR 15, SB 56, SB 296, and SB 855, with the roll left open for absent members. The committee then heard SB 694 by Senator Archuleta, a bill aimed at protecting veterans from unaccredited claims representatives and other for-profit entities that charge fees to assist with VA disability claims. The author and supporters, including county veterans service officers and veterans organizations, argued the measure would curb predatory practices, restore accountability, and steer veterans toward free, accredited assistance through CVSOs and other authorized representatives. Testimony in support emphasized that veterans are often targeted online and may pay large fees for services that are available for free, while supporters said unaccredited firms lack transparency and can exploit vulnerable veterans. Opposition witnesses, including representatives of claims-assistance companies and individual veterans, argued the bill would eliminate choice and that some contingency-based firms provide useful services, better outcomes, and faster claims processing. Committee members debated whether the bill would unlawfully bar legitimate assistance or whether it was needed to stop illegal business practices, with several members noting the issue is also being litigated in federal court and that an accreditation process already exists through the VA. After discussion, the committee voted to pass SB 694 and refer it to the Committee on Judiciary. The final vote was 6 ayes, with some members not voting. The committee then completed the consent calendar vote, which passed with eight votes, and adjourned.
US
Transcript Highlights:
  • Broad-use AI is still at early stages of development and implementation, and rapid deployment of reliable
  • Rapid deployment without thoughtful design has already led to unintended consequences.
  • areas of the government have the highest potential for reducing waste, fraud, and abuse through the deployment
Summary: The meeting was chaired by Chairman Schweikert and involved a comprehensive discussion on how to utilize artificial intelligence (AI) for reducing waste, fraud, and improper payments within federal programs. Key witnesses, including Mr. Andrew Canarsa from the Council of the Inspectors General, provided insights on the potential of AI in enhancing government efficiency. The committee emphasized the importance of reliable data and thorough examination of AI application to avoid unintended consequences while addressing the estimated $162 billion in improper payments reported by the federal government. Concerns were raised regarding the recent firing of inspectors general and the impacts that could have on oversight and accountability processes.
US
Transcript Highlights:
  • Often, they have to navigate finding child care while they're on long deployments, abrupt relocations
  • sailors assigned to ships and submarines undergoing maintenance and assign them to units going on deployment
  • The demanding nature of military service-long deployments and challenges of balancing military and family
Summary: The committee meeting focused on pressing issues related to the U.S. military's recruitment and personnel strategies, especially in light of the upcoming NDAA for fiscal year 2026. Chairperson expressed appreciation for the service of witnesses including senior military leaders from different branches, emphasizing the importance of personnel as the backbone of national defense. Discussions revealed concerns regarding the recent lowering of recruitment standards across military branches, which could potentially affect the quality of service members and long-term military readiness. Witnesses were asked to address the implications of these changes on military health and efficiency.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • And our philosophy is to build and share capabilities in the open with iterative deployment.
  • As I said, these conditions are not representative of normal model deployment.
  • gamut of security measures that we apply and taking any lessons that we can learn from production deployment
  • requiring frontier developers to publish safety frameworks, conduct rigorous risk assessments, and pre-deployment
Summary: The joint informational hearing of the Assembly Select Committee on Cybersecurity and the Assembly Committee on Privacy and Consumer Protection focused on how frontier AI is changing cybersecurity for both attackers and defenders. Members heard from representatives of OpenAI and Anthropic, who said AI is making cyberattacks faster, more scalable, and more accessible, while also giving defenders new tools for vulnerability discovery, incident response, and patching. They described recent incidents involving AI systems, including OpenAI’s Hugging Face sandbox escape during internal testing and Anthropic’s discovery of unauthorized internet access during evaluations, and emphasized layered safeguards, safer testing environments, monitoring, and independent review. They also discussed California’s new AI cyber defense efforts, including Governor Newsom’s announcement of a first-in-the-nation program and company programs offering credits, training, and verified access for state and local defenders. Committee members and witnesses also discussed California’s preparedness, SB 53, and the need for better information sharing and policy updates. Cal OES Deputy Director Jonathan Snow described Cal-CSIC, CalSecure 2.0, the state’s secure reporting portal under SB 53, and efforts to coordinate with CDT, CISA, the FBI, MS-ISAC, and critical infrastructure partners. He said the state is working on standard operating procedures for extreme AI incidents and on outreach to water systems and other local entities. Members raised concerns that SB 53’s thresholds may be too narrow and that the state may need more timely, actionable information to mitigate risks. Witnesses and members agreed that California should strengthen public-private collaboration, improve cyber hygiene, and support local governments and utilities. The final panel featured Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s Dr. Nate Gleason, who focused on open-weight AI models and critical infrastructure. He argued that open-weight models present special risks because they can be downloaded, modified, and used without ongoing developer control, monitoring, or revocation, while also being useful for air-gapped and classified environments. He said Chinese labs currently lead the open-weight space and warned that U.S. utilities and other critical operators may increasingly rely on Chinese-made models if domestic options do not advance. He described LLNL’s work with DOE on AI-FORTS, including test beds for adversarial AI testing and OT-focused benchmarks. No formal votes were taken; the hearing was informational, and members repeatedly urged continued briefings, collaboration, and follow-up on policy and technical safeguards.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Emergency Management Committee Jun 22nd, 2026

Emergency Management

Transcript Highlights:
  • If they're not available for deployment, the public is going to suffer.
  • capacity limitations, the outcome is the same: higher costs, longer delivery timeframes, delayed deployment
  • of... ...costs, longer delivery timeframes, delayed deployment of critical firefighting and emergency
  • It resulted in the closure of that manufacturing facility that forced us to change our whole deployment
Keywords: 988, house, all
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Committee on Climate Change and Global Warming Jun 21st, 2026 at 11:00 am

Senate Committee on Climate Change and Global Warming

Transcript Highlights:
  • We can continue to offer rebate programs and also support the deployment of electric vehicle charging
  • And a big part of that is looking at how do we continue the deployment of charging infrastructure where
  • I just want to encourage the administration to pursue the deployment of chargers.
  • I just want to encourage the administration to pursue the deployment of chargers as revenue-generating
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The committee held a hearing on the impact of the Trump administration’s federal climate policy changes on Massachusetts, with a focus on threatened grants, regulatory rollbacks, and state options to continue climate work. Chair Creem and other senators emphasized that Massachusetts still has a 2050 net-zero mandate and needs contingency plans for clean energy, transportation electrification, offshore wind, resilience, and financing if federal support is reduced or withdrawn. Executive branch witnesses said Massachusetts has already experienced disruptions to more than $1 billion in climate-related federal funds, though many suspended grants were restored after litigation by the Attorney General’s office. EEA reported continued uncertainty around a $389 million Grid Innovation Program award and a FEMA dam-safety reimbursement, while MassDOT said its NEVI fast-charging program remains on track with about $50 million obligated, but a $14.4 million competitive charging grant is on hold and future unobligated NEVI funds remain uncertain. Senators also discussed EV rebates, charging infrastructure, the role of the Community Climate Bank, and whether the state can expand independent financing and support for municipalities, higher education, and nonprofits. The Attorney General’s office described successful multi-state litigation that won a temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction against the federal funding freeze, restoring access to many EPA, DOE, USDA, and Interior funds, while noting continued enforcement actions over FEMA manual reviews and other barriers. The office said it is also preparing to defend the endangerment finding, California vehicle-emissions waivers, offshore wind permits, and other federal climate protections. Outside advocates warned that federal tax-credit rollbacks, tariffs, and possible repeal of IRA and infrastructure funding could slow EV adoption and raise costs, while offshore wind testimony said federal permitting pauses and legal challenges are delaying projects and could leave Massachusetts far short of its 2030 offshore wind goals. Nonprofit witnesses also described canceled or delayed grants for wetland restoration and urban heat mitigation, and urged the Legislature to increase state funding, including for the environmental bond bill and municipal vulnerability preparedness work.
VA
Transcript Highlights:
  • Second, the EO states that states with AI laws deemed onerous will be ineligible for BEAD non-deployment
  • clearly had a very chilling effect here. $630 million in BEAD funds have already been allocated for deployment
  • the Tobacco Commission, and they have been at it for quite some time when it comes to broadband deployment
  • Quite some time when it comes to broadband deployment here.
AZ
Transcript Highlights:
  • That would not only limit deployments; it could prevent overseas annual training, airlift operations,
  • set to meet federal standards, and this bill, 1047, doesn't interfere with the domestic Title 32 deployments
  • or overseas training deployments and only requires that Congress uphold its Article I, Section 8 obligation
  • All post-World War II deployments have taken place without any congressional declaration of war.
Summary: The committee first approved the February 9, 2026 minutes and then took up SB 1618, which restructures the Military Affairs Commission to add governor-appointed defense and industry experts, expand advisory participation, require more frequent meetings and reporting, and create a commission fund. The sponsor and a witness from the Southwest Mission Acceleration Center said the bill would modernize Arizona’s approach to retaining and attracting military missions and defense-related business. After adopting a Gowan amendment, the committee voted 6-1 to give SB 1618 a do pass recommendation as amended. The committee then heard SB 1047, the “Defend the Guard” bill, which would bar deployment of the Arizona National Guard into active combat without a congressional declaration of war. Supporters, including veterans and activists, argued it would restore constitutional limits and protect Guard members from unauthorized foreign wars. Opponents, including a retired National Guard officer, warned it could harm readiness, create tension with the Pentagon, and risk federal funding or missions. The committee voted 4-3 to give SB 1047 a do pass recommendation. Next was SB 1474, which preempts state and local restrictions on cooperation with federal immigration authorities, requires immigration-enforcement training, and, under amendment, requires county sheriffs to enter 287(g) agreements with ICE by January 1, 2027. The sponsor said the bill would improve cooperation and enforcement consistency, while opponents—religious leaders, public servants, and others—argued it would expand federal immigration enforcement, increase fear in communities, and burden local agencies with an unfunded mandate. After a lengthy and contentious debate, the committee voted 4-3 to give SB 1474 a do pass recommendation as amended. Finally, the committee considered SB 1620, which changes Arizona Space Commission membership by reducing governor appointments, adding the lieutenant governor as chair, and making legislative and executive leaders nonvoting advisory members. The commission chair said the changes would align Arizona with other states and improve structure and continuity. The bill passed 5-1 with a do pass recommendation. The committee then heard SB 1365, a strike-everything amendment removing the income cap for disabled veterans’ property tax exemption on a primary residence; members discussed whether very high-income veterans should still qualify, but agreed the bill would help disabled veterans. The committee adopted both amendments and gave SB 1365 a do pass recommendation.
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

02/16/2026 - Senate Military Affairs and Border Security

Military Affairs and Border Security

Transcript Highlights:
  • That would not only limit deployments; it could prevent overseas annual training, airlift operations,
  • set to meet federal standards, and this bill 1047 doesn't interfere with the domestic Title 32 deployments
  • or overseas training deployments and only requires that Congress uphold its Article I, Section 8 obligation
  • All post-World War II deployments have taken place without any congressional declaration of war.