Video & Transcript Research : 'multistate practice'
Page 168 of 500
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Committee on Commerce and Consumer Protection - 03/03/26
Commerce and Consumer Protection
Transcript Highlights:
- I urge you all to take action to ensure that insurance practices reflect the reality of modern vehicles
- ,<00:21:11.120>
and <00:21:11.440>market for rates, claims practices, and market for - rates, claims practices, and market conduct.<00:21:12.720>
Insurance <00:21:13.200>companies - And even the MDH report says that 2024 data suggests that 340B incentivizes prescribing practices.
- And even the MDH report says that 2024 data suggests that 340B incentivizes prescribing practices.
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
Committee on Environment, Climate and Legacy - 03/11/25
Environment, Climate, and Legacy
Transcript Highlights:
- their confidence um growing their communication<00:02:59.080>
skills <00:02:59.879>practicing - <00:03:00.360>
critical communication skills practicing critical communication skills practicing - those adult roles they also practice those adult roles they also practice<00:05:24.000>
a <00: - a lot of vocabulary development practice a lot of vocabulary development and<00:05:26.120>
a < - In that space, that's where children were really able to practice taking care of someone else.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- By implementing guidance in Minnesota, we are aligning with best practices in tax administration and
- By implementing guidance in Minnesota, we are aligning with best practices in tax administration and
- By implementing guidance in Minnesota, we are aligning with best practices in tax administration and
- <01:38:01.520>
and <01:38:01.719>Tax with best practices and Tax with best practices - hearing from the CPAs who are practicing hearing from the CPAs who are practicing and<01:44:19.280
TX
Texas 89th 2nd C.S.
Land & Resource Management Jul 21st, 2026 at 01:31 pm
Transcript Highlights:
- As you review oversight and best practices, I encourage you not to lose sight of what districts have
- I'm not familiar with that happening in practice very much.
- They're practical. They're predictable. And they are actually timely.
- I'm a practicing real estate development attorney, so you understand my perspective.
- To give you an example of that, I practiced in the mid-1980s.
Summary:
The committee heard testimony first from the Texas General Land Office and School Land Board. GLO officials described the agency’s role in managing more than 13 million acres of state lands and mineral interests for the Permanent School Fund, overseeing the Alamo, coastal programs, veterans’ services, and federal disaster recovery. They said the agency has generated about $6 billion for the Permanent School Fund since Commissioner Buckingham took office, and that its disaster recovery portfolio is about $14 billion across multiple events, with more than 22,000 housing units rebuilt or reconstructed since Hurricane Harvey. Members asked about land purchases such as Brewster Ranch, rare earth mineral leasing, SpaceX-related beach access, and whether the lands are public access lands; GLO staff said the holdings are managed to maximize revenue for education, that most land is leased rather than open to public access, and that they are coordinating on coastal access and compliance. On the School Land Board, members sought clarification on the difference between GLO-managed lands and the Permanent School Fund Corporation’s investment role, and staff explained that GLO generates the revenue while the separate corporation invests it. No votes or formal actions were taken.
The Board for Lease of University Lands then testified. University Lands officials explained that they steward 2.1 million acres of surface and mineral interests in West Texas for the Permanent University Fund, which supports UT and Texas A&M institutions. They said a 2025 lease sale produced about $50 million in bonus revenue from 28,000 acres, and described the Board for Lease’s role in approving lease forms, lease sales, and development agreements. Members asked about the size and use of the PUF, how distributions work through UTIMCO, whether PUF money can be used for athletics, and how the land is managed; the witness said the fund is a constitutional endowment, the land is largely leased rather than sold, and distributions are generally used for buildings, labs, and other permanent structures, with some institutions also using a portion for operations. No votes or formal actions were taken.
The committee then took up municipal utility districts. Testimony from a law firm, the Texas Municipal League, Fort Bend County Commissioner Vincent Morales, and Johnson Development largely supported MUDs as a financing tool for infrastructure tied to growth. Witnesses said MUDs help fund water, sewer, drainage, roads, parks, and related infrastructure, allowing development to proceed without shifting costs to existing taxpayers and helping keep housing affordable. They emphasized that MUDs are created with disclosure to homebuyers, are subject to the Open Meetings Act and Public Information Act, and are overseen by TCEQ for bond issuance and related financial stress tests. Members questioned whether MUDs are taxing entities, whether they can be created inside city limits or ETJs, how much control cities and counties retain, and whether MUDs are becoming permanent local governments; witnesses acknowledged they levy taxes and debt, can exist within city limits with city consent, and often function as long-term local entities. The committee did not take any formal action during the hearing.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Budget Subcommittee No. 1 on Health May 4th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- gaps between managed care and county specialty behavioral health systems, gaps that function in practice
- Communities of practice where they are engaging with their colleagues and peers in identifying best practices
- So the notice of privacy practices does say that it can be changed at any time, but that’s true for all
- So the notice of privacy practices does say that it can be changed at any time, but that's sure.
- So the notice of privacy practices does say that it can be changed at any time, but that's true for all
Summary:
The hearing focused first on behavioral health, especially serious mental illness and anosognosia, a condition described by witnesses as a neurological symptom that prevents people from recognizing they are ill. The chair framed the issue around families cycling through emergency rooms, jails, conservatorships, and short-term stabilization without lasting treatment, and warned that federal changes under H.R. 1 could reduce Medi-Cal funding and worsen access. Dawn Marie Anderson gave a personal account of her son’s long history of psychosis, homelessness, arrests, repeated jail and state hospital stays, and eventual stability when he received sustained medication and coordinated support. She argued that the system often treats the problem as criminal rather than medical and that voluntary programs and short-term services are not enough for people who lack insight into their illness.
Other panelists, including representatives from the California Behavioral Health Association, Santa Barbara County Behavioral Health, and the County Behavioral Health Directors Association, agreed that anosognosia is not denial or noncompliance and said the system needs long-term, coordinated care, including assertive community treatment, mobile crisis, supportive housing, medication support, and stronger handoffs between county and managed care systems. They said CalAIM and other reforms have improved some coordination, but significant gaps remain, especially for people with serious mental illness, for those in jail or locked settings, and for people with private insurance, which witnesses said often offers little meaningful coverage for early psychosis or intensive behavioral health services. Several witnesses urged the Legislature to protect Medi-Cal, shore up county safety-net services, and invest in training and family engagement.
The committee then turned to the Children and Youth Behavioral Health Initiative, with a focus on the virtual services platforms BrightLife Kids and Soluna and the CYBHI fee schedule. DHCS reported strong growth in app registrations, coaching sessions, referrals, and positive user outcomes, saying the platforms provide free, culturally responsive, early-intervention support statewide and help connect users to higher levels of care when needed. On the fee schedule, DHCS said more than 500 LEAs, colleges, universities, and school-linked providers are participating, 181 LEAs have submitted claims, and $9.6 million has been reimbursed to date, with 41,556 students represented in claims. The chair and several members criticized the pace of implementation and the amount of money spent relative to reimbursement levels, saying the Legislature had requested data earlier and that the return on investment still appeared low. DHCS responded that many claims are still being submitted, that 70% of denials are correctable, that $400 million in capacity grants has been distributed locally, and that reimbursement is increasing rapidly as more districts come online. Public comment included a rural county behavioral health director who said private insurance denials leave counties with significant uncompensated work, especially for unlicensed staff providing case management and mobile crisis services.
LA
Louisiana 2026 Regular Session
Administration of Criminal Justice Apr 23rd, 2026
Administration of Criminal Justice
Transcript Highlights:
- I do know it was a practice, from what I've been told.
- I practiced pediatric neurology for 40 years. My name is Charlotte Holman.
- I practiced pediatric neurology for 40 years. I am recently retired.
- I spent much of my practice taking care of those with intellectual disabilities.
- This ensures continuity and stability throughout by codifying what is already in practice.
Summary:
The committee first handled several housekeeping items, voluntarily deferring HB 123, HB 255, and HB 994 without objection. It then took up SCR 3 by Senator Brock Myers, which would delay and revise implementation of a state police rule affecting criminal history background checks for licensed ambulance personnel and certain health care workers. After adopting Amendment Set 434 to remove a provision involving parish and local law enforcement checks, the committee reported SCR 3 as amended favorably. The committee also heard HB 978 by Rep. Lecombe, which as amended raises the population threshold for municipalities required to remit certain special costs to the District Indigent Defender Fund from under 5,000 to under 9,000; with support from the town of Addis and related stakeholders, the bill was reported favorably as amended.
The committee then considered HB 967 by Rep. Moore, which sought to remove language limiting parole eligibility for certain pre-July 2, 1973 life-sentenced offenders to those who had pleaded guilty, thereby allowing a small group of elderly inmates convicted at trial to seek parole consideration. Supporters argued the bill would only create an opportunity for review, not release, and cited rehabilitation and fairness concerns; opponents, including district attorneys and corrections officials, argued the 2022 law already addressed the intended group and that the current bill would reopen cases involving serious violent crimes. After extended debate, the motion to report HB 967 favorably failed on an 8-3 vote.
Finally, the committee took up HB 1107 by Rep. Melerine, a bill on determining intellectual disability in capital cases. The bill, as amended, raised the burden of proof to clear and convincing evidence, set an IQ threshold framework, required expert reports and Daubert-type reliability review, and limited the article to post-conviction capital cases. The Attorney General’s office and district attorneys supported the bill as a way to create clearer procedures and speed resolution of Atkins claims, while criminal defense lawyers, disability advocates, clergy, and medical experts opposed it as inconsistent with current clinical standards and potentially unconstitutional, warning that rigid IQ cutoffs and presumptions could wrongly expose people with intellectual disabilities to execution. The transcript ends during closing remarks on HB 1107, with no final committee vote shown.
WV
West Virginia 2026 Regular Session
WV Senate Judiciary Committee in Session Mar 10th, 2026 at 03:04 pm
Judiciary
Transcript Highlights:
- So can you explain to me just the practical way this happens? Yes, so...
- So, can you explain to me just the practical way this happens?
- Yeah, I'm really, my head's kind of wrapped around what the practical impact is in the courthouse.
- I just don't know what the practical impact was.
- speak to the practicality of it.
AZ
Arizona 2026 Regular Session
02/10/2026 - Senate Appropriations, Transportation and Technology
Appropriations, Transportation and Technology
Transcript Highlights:
- IJ has put together a model bill based on some best practices from across the country.
- Chairman, Senator Kavanaugh, our work on this is mostly looking at best practices nationwide.
- I don't know what the best practices are on that.
- Chair, if we may, I'd like to yield my time to a local attorney who's had some practice on these issues
- Chair, if we may, I'd like to yield my time to a local attorney who's had some practice on these issues
Bills:
SB1072, SB1111, SB1114, SB1116, SB1122, SB1179, SB1250, SB1308, SB1455, SB1456, SB1457, SB1487, SB1547, SB1549, SB1551, SB1552
Keywords:
reimbursement rates, intellectual disabilities, community services, economic security, funding appropriations, automated license plate readers, law enforcement, privacy, data access, public records, behavioral health, patient brokering, appropriation, state funds, Maricopa County, claims review, medical necessity, American Indian health program, healthcare regulations, healthcare
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
US House Floor Proceedings (Tuesday, January 6, 2026)
US Federal House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- States have tried to crack down on this practice, but often the penalties aren't enough to deter the
- practice.
- ,<00:47:25.359>
but <00:47:25.599>often crack down on this practice, but often crack - That's why I led 29 members of practice.
- today as Donald Trump practices today as Donald Trump practices deliberate<01:33:17.440>
deception
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Minnesota House committee considers bill to tax social media platforms, HF3117 4/9/25
Transcript Highlights:
- tracking us, and there are social costs to that, and so they should be paying taxes based on the practice
- <00:05:08.800>
of <00:05:09.280>data taxes based on the practice of data taxes based - on the practice of data mining.<00:05:10.720>
Um <00:05:11.039>so <00:05:11.280>as< - Can you talk more about your data mining practice, why you would be doing that? Wendy Pollson.
- I support this bill that taxes the social media industry on its practices of selling our data.
Summary:
The committee took up House File 3117, which would impose an excise tax on social media companies based on Minnesota monthly users and data-mining activity, and adopted an A1 amendment that added clarifying language identifying social media platforms. Chair Gomez described the bill as a way to tax companies profiting from data mining and social media use, citing concerns about child bullying, misinformation, and wealth concentration. The bill was laid over for possible inclusion in the 2025 taxes bill.
Supporters testified that the measure would help raise revenue from a highly profitable industry and better align the tax code with the social costs of data collection and social media use. Pastor Julie Thompson, MAPE representative Tanner Fritzinger, Council Member Sue Bud, and Eric Bernstein of We Make Minnesota all backed the bill, arguing that social media companies extract value from users’ data, contribute to mental health and social harms, and should pay more toward public needs. Bernstein also framed the tax as a way to broaden the tax base and fund schools and other services.
Opponents warned that the bill could sweep in local broadcasters, newspapers, and other businesses that use digital platforms and collect some user data, and that costs would likely be passed on to consumers. Wendy Pollson of the Minnesota Broadcasters Association said the definitions were too broad and could unintentionally include local media. Deb Peters, speaking for Americans for Digital Opportunity, argued the tax would raise costs for small businesses and consumers, create legal risks, and amount to double taxation. Several members echoed concerns about regressivity, administration, and whether the bill actually addresses online bullying or data privacy, while supporters said it is a first step toward taxing a new, lightly taxed industry.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- It is a long-standing practice in both bodies that when we're dealing with data practices, it needs to
- It is a long-standing practice in both bodies that when we're dealing with data practices, it needs to
- It is a long-standing practice in both bodies that when we're dealing with data practices, it needs to
- It is a long-standing practice in both bodies that when we're dealing with data practices, it needs to
- It is a long-standing practice in both bodies that when we're dealing with data practices, it needs to
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Children and Families Finance and Policy Committee 3/18/26
Children and Families Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- I've<00:47:22.400>
been <00:47:22.520>a <00:47:22.600>practicing <00:47:23.040> beyond county agency practices. beyond county agency practices.- I've been a practicing attorney in the child<00:47:23.840>
welfare <00:47:24.280>space - change, and so I think that practice change, and so I think that those<00:48:53.760>
amendments - I've been a practicing attorney in the child<00:47:23.840>
- <01:09:11.000>
in while strengthening practice in while strengthening practice in alignment
Keywords:
foster care, early childhood education, child care programs, placement plan, social services, extended foster care, kinship care, relative custody, permanent legal and physical custody, Northstar kinship assistance, independent living plan, transition services, youth aging out of care, medical assistance, Medicaid, child welfare, children youth and families, out-of-home placement, case plan, relative placement
CO
Colorado 2026 Regular Session
Colorado House 2026 Legislative Day 051 Mar 6th, 2026
Colorado House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- It's a mandate to think smarter first, to use practical, proven tools before we ask ratepayers to foot
- It's a mandate to think smarter first, to use practical, proven tools before we ask ratepayers to foot
- ,<00:59:27.680>
cost-effective examined every practical, cost-effective examined every practical - side of what we're defies the practical side of what we're dealing<01:52:16.880>
with. - <01:54:35.599>
in publish all acts and practice in publish all acts and practice in extending
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Public Safety Finance and Policy Committee 3/3/26
Public Safety Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- This bill makes a practical overdue update to Minnesota's licensing framework for juvenile placement
- And I'm the founder of Truepace Consulting, which is a conflict resiliency practice.
- And I want to talk about the practical implications on local government that were mentioned.
- want to talk about um the practical want to talk about um the practical implications<01:16:42.480
- one facility that does such practices one facility that does such practices best-in-class, best-in-class
Keywords:
Bureau of Criminal Apprehension, BCA, Use of Force Investigations Unit, federal agents, Department of Homeland Security, DHS, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, ICE, Customs and Border Protection, CBP, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, USCIS, officer-involved death, use of force, law enforcement accountability, police oversight, independent investigation, criminal sexual conduct, sexual assault, peace officers
Summary:
The committee approved the minutes from February 25, 2026, and then took up several Department of Corrections-related bills. House File 3768, as amended by the A1 amendment, would extend the DOC’s graduated licensing and enforcement tools to juvenile detention facilities and state-licensed halfway houses, allowing corrective action plans and conditional licenses instead of only revocation. Commissioner Paul Schnell and Dakota County Juvenile Services Center Deputy Director Matt Bower testified in support, saying the bill would improve consistency, stability, and accountability without changing jail licensing. Members asked about costs and sheriff input; the commissioner said the bill is cost-neutral and that sheriffs were informed but did not provide input. The committee adopted the amendment and recommended the bill to the general register.
The committee then heard House File 3769, another DOC technical update bill, which would clarify tuberculosis screening procedures when incarcerated people refuse testing, allow mental health units at more than one facility and short-term stabilization at Oak Park Heights when clinically appropriate, and clarify the department’s substance use disorder treatment programs. Schnell said the changes were technical but important for effective operations. Members again asked about county costs and sheriff support, and the commissioner said the bill affects only DOC facilities and is cost-neutral. The committee approved the motion to re-refer the bill to the Health Finance and Policy Committee.
The final major item was House File 3405, the chair’s bill, as amended by the A3 amendment. The amendment broadened the definition of federal agents, made the effective date retroactive, and removed a sexual assault investigation section to eliminate the fiscal note. The bill would require the BCA’s use-of-force unit to investigate deaths caused by federal agents in Minnesota, not just Minnesota peace officers. Chair Mohler argued the bill closes a loophole and ensures state-level, independent investigations; Dr. B.B. Newman testified in support, saying it preserves Minnesota’s investigative authority and public confidence. Deputy Superintendent Scott Mueller said the BCA already investigates deadly-force cases and has handled some federal-related cases, but he did not think the bill was necessary and recommended a no vote. Members debated whether the bill was needed given existing practice, with supporters saying the statute should clearly require state investigation and opponents questioning whether it would change anything. The committee adopted the amendment and continued discussion of the bill as amended.
HI
Hawaii 2026 Regular Session
EDN Public Hearing - Thu Feb 19, 2026 @ 2:00 PM HST
Transcript Highlights:
- school psychologist's scope of practice school psychologist's scope of practice is<00:24:22.799>
- consistent uh with the scope of practice consistent uh with the scope of practice once<00:24:33.919
- And then practicing response at schools like we do with fire drills.
- 55.520>
at <00:42:55.760>schools and then practicing response at schools and then practicing - <00:59:37.280>
for because there are best practices for because there are best practices for
Summary:
The committee heard testimony on HB 2485, which would require cardiovascular screening for student athletes. The Department of Education and Department of Health said they support the bill’s intent but noted that many screenings are already part of existing school-entry and well-child exams. The Attorney General’s office asked for clarifying language on who performs the screenings, where results go, how “positive findings” are defined, how referrals would work, and whether funding would be appropriated if DOE must hire health professionals. The American Heart Association strongly supported the bill, citing the risk of sudden cardiac arrest in young athletes and arguing that sports physicals are an effective opportunity for early detection. No vote was taken, and the committee moved on after testimony.
The committee then heard HB 89, concerning a school psychologist working group and possible licensing or credentialing of school psychologists. The Department of Education and Board of Psychology supported the measure. The Hawaii Psychological Association said it supports licensing school psychologists but asked to be included in the working group, arguing it is an important stakeholder. The Hawaii Association of School Psychologists opposed including HPA, saying the issue is between school psychologists and DCCA and that HPA is not part of their organization. Testimony and discussion focused on the long-running disagreement over whether school psychologists should be regulated under the Board of Psychology or another mechanism, and on title protection and scope of practice. No action was reported during this portion.
The committee also took up HB 2445, relating to standardized emergency responses for immigration enforcement at or near schools. The Department of Education said it already issued internal law-enforcement guidance and questioned whether the bill was necessary, while also raising concerns about the bill’s 1,000-foot buffer language and the limits of school authority over activity off campus. The Board of Education echoed those concerns and suggested the bill may need clearer definitions. Supporters, including the White Coalition for Immigrant Rights, the Legal Clinic, and an attorney testifying on Know Your Rights training, argued that recent federal changes have increased ICE activity near schools and that a law is needed to ensure clear, public protocols, staff training, and family protections. A student testifier said the measure was a top priority of the state student council. The transcript ends during testimony, with no vote or final committee action shown.
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
Committee on Health and Human Services - 03/20/25
Health and Human Services
Transcript Highlights:
- Thirty-one states have taken some form of action to address this adverse practice.
- The Head Start model, which is built on evidence-based practices, is constantly evolving to meet the
- The Head Start model, which is built on evidence-based practices, is constantly evolving to meet the
- <01:26:58.199>
the case worker or attorney's practice the case worker or attorney's practice - County administered a common practice County administered a common practice framework<01:52:37.520
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- I've been in practice since 1999.
- I have worked in the forensic and residential settings and private practice.
- I have worked in the forensic and residential settings and private practice.
- I'd be open and willing to have all those conversations to see what is best practice on that.
- Those conversations to see what is best practice on that.
NH
New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session
House Criminal Justice and Public Safety (01/15/2025)
Criminal Justice and Public Safety
Transcript Highlights:
- >
I'm in June from that practice and now I'm in June from that practice and now I'm here<01:17 - In my private practice, I actually had one of those cases, and I don't any longer because I left my practice
- In my private practice, I actually had one of those cases, and I don't any longer because I left my practice
- In my private practice, I actually had one of those cases, and I don't any longer because I left my practice
- <01:36:08.400>
when we're always using best practices when we're always using best practices
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Committee on Agriculture and Fisheries Jun 21st, 2026 at 01:00 pm
Joint Committee on Agriculture and Fisheries
Transcript Highlights:
- But we do have a practice of taking legislators out of turn because it's a really busy day at the State
- I'm not sure why my camera's not working, but my name is Deborah Smith, and I'm an attorney who practices
- So I think that looking at a practical way to help children—playing fields where they play, abutters
- Is there a current practice that the trial court has regarding pesticide application?
- S. 69 and the other bills address these changes by adopting best and proven practices that we see work
Summary:
The Joint Committee on Agriculture and Fisheries held its second hearing and heard testimony on a wide range of bills, including food security, cottage food entrepreneurship, hemp regulation, lobster industry support, pesticide restrictions, pollinator protections, pet cemeteries, and municipal land rights. Committee chairs outlined hearing procedures, noted that 19 bills were on the docket, and took testimony both in person and remotely, with several legislators testifying out of turn because of scheduling conflicts.
Several speakers supported food access and local economic opportunity bills. Representative Howard and Senator Oliveira backed the Food Justice Frontline Program and a cottage food/food entrepreneur bill, arguing they would fund nonprofit food security organizations, create jobs, improve SNAP/HIP outreach, and reduce barriers for home-based food businesses. Eastie Farm representatives and a student testified in favor of the food justice bill, describing food insecurity in East Boston and the need for grants, youth involvement, and multilingual outreach. Sidney Travis of the Institute for Justice also supported cottage food reforms, saying current municipal permitting rules create unequal access and that cottage foods are generally safe.
The committee also heard sharply divided testimony on hemp legislation. Senator Comerford supported S. 54 as a public health measure to ban synthetic THC products, restrict intoxicating hemp sales to licensed dispensaries, and fund local enforcement, while Laura Beiner, John Nathan, and Elizabeth Wendorf opposed the bill or parts of it, warning it would harm compliant hemp businesses and small farmers. Representative Arena-DeRosa testified in support of a related pollinator bill, and Adam Karachi opposed pesticide restrictions for schools while Deborah Smith supported them, arguing existing protections should be expanded to other child-centered locations. The committee also heard support for a bill to aid lobstermen affected by right whale protections, a bill to preserve private pet cemeteries, and a municipal right-of-first-refusal bill for agricultural and recreational land. No votes or final actions were taken during the hearing.
VA
Virginia 2026 Regular Session
Commission on Updating Virginia Law to Reflect Federal Recognition of Virginia Tribes Jun 3rd, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- Our code, our agencies, and our practices need to reflect that truth.
- We’re already in the practice of conservation.
- We looked at best practices around the country as well.
- And I think there's a lot of inconsistent practices in Virginia right now, and lack of understanding
- Are there any states that you consider best practice in these areas that we could learn from?