Transcript Highlights:

• Assembly Bill 1554 by Assembly Member Calderon, an act relating to insurance.
• AB 1629 will prevent insurers from shifting financial burdens onto patients by requiring dental plans
• Every month, millions of Californians pay for dental insurance but still struggle to access the care
• Assembly bill 2054 by Assembly Member Gibson and others and act related to unemployment insurance to
• , and for non-Vehicle Code infractions allows for a noncustodial warrant to be issued.

Keywords: 988, house, all

Summary: The Assembly convened after a quorum call, prayer, and pledge, then moved quickly through a long Third Reading File. Early measures included AB 2417 on community college faculty retirement information, AB 1579 expanding the Children’s Crisis Pilot Program, AB 2041 on EMS compliance reporting, AB 1547 directing a feasibility study for a UC medical school in Kern County, and AB 1552 on civic education and democracy engagement in public higher education. All of these passed, with AB 1547 and SB 73 treated as urgency measures requiring 54 votes. A major floor debate centered on SB 73, an elections security bill presented by Assembly Member Pellerin. Supporters said it would protect ballots, voting systems, and voter data from unlawful seizure or political interference, while opponents argued it could hinder investigations, create constitutional problems, and reduce local law enforcement flexibility. After extended debate, the bill passed 54-16 on both the urgency and the measure, with immediate transmittal to the Senate. Other notable bills passed included AB 1554 on California Earthquake Authority transparency, AB 1584 on civil rights duties at the Air Resources Board, AB 1592 on the California Indian Cultural Center, AB 1629 on direct payment to dentists, AB 1645 on prison visitation contact rules, AB 1688 on foster care notice requirements, AB 1699 on prescribed and cultural burns, AB 1738 on virtual home inspections, AB 1741 on sexual battery during residential break-ins, AB 1802 on mitigation lands, AB 1813 on community renewable energy, AB 1899 creating a youth homelessness office, AB 1904 on teacher apprenticeship credentialing, AB 1941 on organized metal theft, AB 2043 on drone threats to mass gatherings and infrastructure, AB 2054 on paid family leave for military relatives, AB 2122 on bench warrants for infractions, AB 2176 on student housing planning, AB 2187 on tribal contracting exemptions, AB 2221 on charitable fundraising processing deadlines, AB 2232 on parole hearing reporting, AB 2235 on judicial home address confidentiality, AB 2250 on hemp enforcement cleanup, and AB 2266 on electricity. Most measures passed overwhelmingly, many unanimously. A few drew limited opposition, including AB 1552, AB 1584, AB 1813, and AB 2122, but all still passed. The Assembly then retained or passed through the remaining file items, announced upcoming deadlines for floor amendments, and adjourned until the next scheduled session.

Transcript Highlights:

• because you see this giant image of a matrix and you're thinking, okay, well, where is this in the code
• The all-other personnel health insurance contribution rate was also added in 2024.
• The all-other personnel health insurance contribution rate was also added in 2024.
• or a family has health insurance, what in law actually says that they can't use it for that?
• The same thing for employee health insurance, I believe that was done before the 2024 report.

Summary: The meeting began with approval of the prior minutes and then shifted to an update from Department of Education Secretary Jacob Oliva and Deputy Commissioner Stacey Smith on early childhood education, especially the state-funded Arkansas Better Chance (ABC) program. They said Arkansas had received a federal Preschool Development Grant and described ABC as a large state program with about 23,800 funded slots and roughly $114 million in annual appropriations. Department officials said they are reviewing slot allocations because about 1,000 seats are funded but unfilled, while more than 2,000 families are on waiting lists, and they plan to reduce or reallocate slots from providers that have not filled them over several years. They also said they are examining whether income thresholds, curriculum expectations, daily rates, and summer programming should be updated, and members raised concerns about access, local control, transportation, and whether the program should better align with K-12 choice and school readiness goals. The committee agreed to form an early childhood subcommittee and asked the Bureau of Legislative Research to help gather historical data and other information for future discussion. The committee then received a legal presentation from BLR attorney Taylor Lloyd on the constitutional and statutory framework for education adequacy in Arkansas. She reviewed the Dupree and Lake View cases, explaining that the state must maintain a general, suitable, and efficient system of free public schools, and that adequacy and equity are distinct but related concepts. She emphasized that the General Assembly is responsible for defining adequacy, studying whether the system meets that standard, and reacting to the evidence, while the courts ultimately decide constitutional compliance. Lloyd also explained the current adequacy definition, the role of the matrix as a funding tool rather than a spending mandate, and the distinction between unrestricted foundation funding and restricted categorical funding. BLR’s Elizabeth Bynum followed with a historical overview of how Arkansas responded to the court cases and developed the current adequacy process. She traced major legislative actions from the 1980s through the Lake View litigation, including the creation of funding formulas, categorical aid, isolated funding, declining enrollment funding, and the 2003-2004 adequacy study that led to the Continuing Adequacy Evaluation Act and the matrix used to set foundation funding. She also described later changes to the adequacy statute, the financial reporting requirements for districts, and the ongoing use of surveys, stakeholder testimony, and consultant studies in the biennial adequacy process. Members asked questions about whether private or homeschool programs could use public funds for expenses like utilities, whether stakeholders should include those groups, the difference between average daily membership and attendance, and whether school board members are surveyed; staff said those issues would need further research or were outside the scope of the presenters’ role.

Transcript Highlights:

• We just recently passed our new land use code here in the city of Las Cruces.
• Their information will then be dispersed into one of our systems based on the zip code.
• How is that going to help cover with insurance, and what does that do for our producers?
• It's an insurance payment.
• Madam Chair, Representative, these insurance payments, once they've received the insurance payment, and

Transcript Highlights:

• Also getting rid of the 10-digit code that anytime you received a call, just the friction in the system
• Also, as noted in the analysis, Penal Code 832.7 already speaks to situations... ...the analysis, the
• Secondly, I don't think you're aware that bail premium is unlike any other line of insurance.
• It makes me think of our insurance companies for our cars.
• It makes me think of our insurance companies for our cars.

Keywords: 988, house, all

Summary: The Assembly Standing Committee on Public Safety heard several bills, with most of the discussion centered on criminal justice, public safety, and detention-related issues. SB 498 by Senator Becker would make prison electronic messaging free and end 15-minute limits on voice calls for incarcerated people; supporters said it would strengthen family ties and rehabilitation, while the bill advanced on a due-pass recommendation. SB 953 by Senator Niello would require DMV points to be recorded when a misdemeanor vehicular manslaughter case is dismissed through diversion; family members of crash victims testified in support, the ACLU opposed it as potentially discouraging diversion, and the committee passed the bill to the Transportation Committee. The committee also heard SB 1306 by Senator Cortese, which would align California law with federal exemptions for certain GBL-containing chemical mixtures used in semiconductor manufacturing. The author and industry witness said the bill would reduce unnecessary regulation without affecting pure GBL, and it passed to Appropriations. SB 941 by Senator Padilla would cap commissary markups in private immigration detention facilities at 35% above vendor cost; supporters described high prices for basic necessities and poor conditions, and the bill advanced on a due-pass vote. Members also considered SB 691 by Senator Wahab, which would require law enforcement body-camera policies to allow EMS personnel to request redaction of recordings before public release when patients are receiving medical or psychological treatment. Supporters framed it as a privacy measure, while sheriffs’ representatives raised concerns about overlap with existing law and local policy discretion; the bill moved forward on a due-pass recommendation. Finally, SB 562 by Senator Ashby would allow partial refunds of bail bond premiums when charges are not filed or are dropped early; supporters called it a fairness measure for low-income families, while bail industry representatives and some others warned it could reduce incentives to post bail and harm small businesses. The bill advanced on a divided vote. Several other items were adopted on consent or pulled by the authors, and the committee adjourned after completing its votes.

Transcript Highlights:

• Also getting rid of the 10-digit code that anytime you received a call, just the friction in the system
• Also, as noted in the analysis, Penal Code 832.7 already speaks to situations...
• Secondly, I don't think you're aware that bail premium is unlike any other line of insurance.
• Secondly, I don't think you're aware that bail premium is unlike any other lines of insurance.
• It makes me think of our insurance companies for our cars.

Summary: The Assembly Standing Committee on Public Safety heard several bills, with testimony largely focused on criminal justice, public safety, and detention-related issues. SB 498 by Senator Becker would make electronic messaging free for incarcerated people in CDCR facilities and end 15-minute limits on voice calls; the author and supporters argued it would strengthen family ties and rehabilitation, while no opposition testified. SB 953 by Senator Niello would require two DMV points for misdemeanor vehicular manslaughter cases even when diversion is granted; victims’ family members and law enforcement groups supported it as an accountability measure, while the ACLU and Debt-Free Justice California opposed it, arguing diversion should remain an incentive for rehabilitation and safer roads. The committee also heard SB 1306 by Senator Cortese, which would align state law with federal exemptions for certain GBL-containing chemical mixtures used in semiconductor manufacturing; the author and SEMI said it would reduce unnecessary regulation and protect California’s semiconductor industry, and there was no opposition testimony. Members also considered SB 941 by Senator Padilla, which would cap commissary markups in private immigration detention facilities at 35% above vendor cost. The author and supporters described high prices for basic necessities and poor conditions in private detention centers, while no opposition witnesses appeared. SB 691 by Senator Wahab would require law enforcement body-camera policies to include a process for EMS personnel to request redaction of recordings before public release when patients are receiving medical treatment; supporters said it would protect patient privacy, while the Sheriff’s Association opposed it as duplicative and potentially confusing. SB 562 by Senator Ashby would allow partial refunds of bail bond premiums when charges are not filed or are dropped early; supporters framed it as a fairness measure for low-income families, while bail industry representatives and victims’ advocates warned it could discourage bail agents from posting bonds and could affect domestic violence cases. The committee also took up several additional measures on consent or with no opposition testimony, including AB 2796, SB 891, SB 1012, and SB 1143. After discussion, the committee voted to pass SB 953, SB 1306, and SB 941, and to move SB 498, SB 691, and SB 562 forward as well, with some votes initially held open for absent members. Several bills were pulled by their authors and not heard, including SB 1004, SB 1208, SB 1338, and SB 1401. The meeting concluded with the committee adjourning until the following week.

Transcript Highlights:

• So, you know, those costs may be shifted onto people that have insurance.
• The insurance premium surtax is a tax on health insurance companies that comes in as revenue.
• What is the percentage that we tax our insurance or health insurance premiums? Anybody know? Mr.
• Superintendent of Insurance, so that we'll get to veterans and the public insurance—I mean, school insurance—hopefully
• So I thought maybe it was because of insurance. Mr.

Keywords: 996, all

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm just interested in how this is going to work in terms of the property insurance, how that is going
• to impact the industry, because I'm assuming there's increased liability insurance for someone getting
• So this is what the insurance market looks like. Those are homes, right?
• That home still has residential insurance, but they also have a separate commercial line of insurance
• Normal family care homes are already protected in statute from having their residential insurer drop

Summary: The Health and Human Services Committee heard and passed several bills. HB 293 would codify the Office of Faith and Community in the Executive Office of the Governor, create a liaison and advisory council, and was supported by faith-based and nonprofit groups; some members questioned possible duplication with existing services and the source of any future funding, but the bill passed 24-0. CS/HB 547 would create an exception to the 30-day notice requirement before hospitals and ambulatory surgical centers sell medical debt when the debt buyer agrees not to use interest, fees, or extraordinary collection actions and must return charity-care-eligible debt; it passed unanimously after brief support testimony. CS/HB 1553 would require reporting of uterine fibroid data to the Department of Health to create a de-identified public database and reauthorize funding for implementation; it also passed 24-0, with members noting the earlier database mandate had not been carried out. The committee then took up CS/HB 1195, “Gage’s Law,” which would require hospitals and hospital-based emergency departments to test for fentanyl in urine drug screens for suspected overdose or poisoning cases. The bill was presented as a response to overdose deaths and the need to better detect fentanyl, and emotional testimony from a parent described a son’s death after a hospital did not test for fentanyl. Members from both parties spoke in strong support, emphasizing stigma, the need for better treatment and data, and the potential to save lives; the bill passed 24-0. CS/HB 47 on child care and early learning providers would streamline inspections, speed background screening, offer free online training/testing, update definitions, protect certain family child care homes from insurance issues, and create a license-exempt category for employer-provided child care; after questions about parent notice, database listing, background checks, and insurance, an amendment was adopted and the bill passed 24-0 as amended. Finally, CS/HB 647 would allow advanced practice registered nurses to sign death certificates in hospice settings, addressing delays that can leave families waiting to complete burial arrangements. Support testimony came from advocacy and hospice groups, and members cited the bill’s importance for families and religious burial timelines. The bill passed 23-0. The committee then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• Code Red Defense. Thank you, NDI, thank you, dancers, thank you.
• Well, New Mexico, this is our New Mexico health insurance provider out of the Affordable Care Act.
• So this is the program where we encourage people to go when they do not have insurance provided by their
• la Cruz (member_14046), an act relating to traffic laws, amending a definition in the Motor Vehicle Code
• , requiring health insurance.

Transcript Highlights:

• twelve that have successfully completed major milestones in transitioning the current unemployment insurance
• twelve that have successfully completed major milestones and transitioning the current unemployment insurance
• computer programs away Major milestones in transitioning the current unemployment insurance computer
• This request is required by Arkansas Code 21-5-226.
• The position will be responsible for oversight of the licensing I saw Code 21-5-226.

Summary: The committee first took up several personnel and compensation requests. It approved a Department of Parks, Heritage and Tourism reclassification that would trade three administrative coordinator positions for one park superintendent, one maintenance supervisor, and one park manager. It also approved one-time bonus and recruitment plans for the Department of Commerce and Department of Veterans Affairs, including up to $5,000 bonuses tied to the unemployment insurance modernization project and $2,000 bonuses for certified nursing assistants at the state veterans homes. A Department of Health request to reinstate a previously frozen fiscal support manager position for the State Medical Board was also approved; members were told the position was already authorized and would not increase total positions. The committee then reviewed a Department of Commerce reduction in force affecting the Division of Workforce Services for the Blind and Employment and Training divisions. Secretary Hugh McDonald and Workforce Connections Director Cody Waits explained that the cuts were driven by over-obligated federal funds, a prior realignment, and what they described as long-standing fiscal mismanagement in the Division of Services for the Blind. They said 56 employees remained furloughed, five employees in a separate grant group were still working, and 17 positions were on the permanent RIF list. Senators questioned the division’s accountability structure, the role of the independent board, and whether the layoffs were being handled fairly, including a request for racial composition data on the workforce and the RIF group. Members also discussed quarterly employment and overtime reports. Staff explained that the reports cover average staffing levels over each quarter, and members focused on overtime spending, especially in DHS, the Department of Correction, and the Department of Transportation. OPM said overtime is being reviewed, direct care positions remain exempt from the hiring freeze, and agencies have been hiring more staff since the new pay plan took effect. The committee asked for additional reporting on overtime trends, and the meeting adjourned without further action.

Transcript Highlights:

• There's no billing codes. There's no diagnosis codes.
• Doctors are using gender dysphoria for a diagnosis code, but they think that they might be committing
• malpractice or, excuse me, insurance fraud. ...code, but they think that they might be committing malpractice
• And that is completely open to them and insurance pays for it.
• health insurance that others do as well.

Keywords: 1182, all

Summary: The committee first took up SB 1167, which would let municipalities and counties satisfy certain public notice requirements by posting notices on their official websites instead of only in newspapers. The sponsor argued the bill is permissive, meant to modernize notice practices, reduce costs, and help governments meet deadlines, while a Blackman amendment added a six-month transition period requiring continued newspaper publication and a notice to the public about the change. Media representatives, tribal advocates, and others opposed the bill, warning that moving away from print could reduce access for rural, tribal, and older residents and weaken transparency; county and local government representatives supported it as a flexible, efficient option. The committee adopted the amendment and then passed SB 1167 as amended on a 4-3 vote. The committee then heard SB 1021, which after a strike-everything amendment would require the Auditor General to refer possible criminal conduct involving health profession regulatory boards to the Attorney General and outline how such investigations should proceed. The sponsor and supporters said the measure would create a mechanism for accountability when audits uncover criminal activity and address conflicts of interest in enforcement. With no opposition testimony, the committee adopted the strike-everything amendment and passed SB 1021 as amended on a 4-3 vote. Next was SB 1011, a bill directing county medical examiners or forensic pathologists to review an infant’s immunization and vaccination history and any countermeasures given in the 90 days before a sudden unexplained infant death. The sponsor said the bill was intended to improve data collection, align Arizona with best practices, and help identify correlations without implying causation. Opponents, including vaccine advocacy groups and a disability advocate, argued the state already collects much of this information, that the bill could fuel misinformation about vaccines, and that it failed to address the main known risk factors for SIDS such as unsafe sleep. The committee passed SB 1011 on a 4-3 vote. The committee also considered SB 1013, an original merit-based public hiring bill that was not amended after a proposed strike-everything was defeated. The sponsor framed it as ensuring public employees are hired based on qualifications rather than identity-based preferences, while opponents from the ACLU and others argued existing law already prohibits discrimination and that the bill could create new liability and hinder outreach to diverse communities. Supporters said it would clarify merit hiring and prevent quota-based practices. The committee passed SB 1013 on a 4-3 vote. Finally, the committee began hearing SB 1015, which the sponsor said would create accountability and data collection around detransition care for minors, while the proposed strike-everything would instead establish a family and medical leave insurance program through Medicaid beginning in 2029; testimony on that bill and the striker was underway when the transcript ended.

Transcript Highlights:

• By Representative Tuck and others, House Bill 655, a bill to be entitled an act relating to pet insurance
• This bill establishes a regulatory framework for pet insurance, and that is the bill.
• to pet insurance and wellness programs. Are there any amendments? None of the desks, Mr. Speaker.
• This process has united us across race, income, and zip codes, enabling us to address the issues that
• We face like housing and property insurance and one hurricane after another.

Summary: The House convened with prayer, a moment of silence for Walton County Deputy Will May, the Pledge of Allegiance, and a quorum present. The Rules and Ethics Committee’s special order report for April 3, 2025 was adopted, and CS/HB 947 was recommitted to the Judiciary Committee. The chamber then moved through a series of bills, mostly reviser and technical measures, with several companion Senate bills substituted and passed: SB 36 (Florida statutes adoption act), SB 42 (general reviser’s bill), SB 40 (deleting inoperative statutory provisions), and SB 38 (renaming references from the Division of Investigative and Forensic Services to the Division of Criminal Investigations). All of those passed unanimously or near-unanimously. The House also passed HB 513 on electronic transmittal of court orders, requiring clerks to electronically send certain petitions, notices, summonses, and orders within six hours, including Baker Act, Marchman Act, and risk protection order documents. Members discussed whether judges needed to direct transmission and whether there were fail-safes if clerks did not comply. HB 615, on electronic delivery of notices between landlords and tenants, was amended to strengthen tenant protections and passed 108-0. HB 655 establishing a regulatory framework for pet insurance, HB 299 on elevator accessibility requirements, and HB 1145 on workforce education also passed, with HB 1145 receiving 100 yeas and 4 nays. HB 649, removing the paper supervised protocol for certified registered nurse anesthetists, passed 77-30 after structured debate. A major portion of the meeting focused on CS/HB 1205, which would significantly revise Florida’s citizen initiative process. The bill adds a $1 million bond requirement after 25% of required signatures are collected, requires petition handlers to be Florida residents and U.S. citizens, imposes background checks and training for paid circulators, shortens petition turn-in deadlines to 10 days, increases penalties, adds signature revocation notices, and creates additional criminal penalties and enforcement provisions. Supporters argued the changes were needed to address fraud and protect petition integrity; opponents said the bill would burden First Amendment activity and make citizen-led amendments much harder to qualify. Numerous amendments were offered, including proposals to remove sensitive personal information from petition forms, soften deadlines and penalties, change validation thresholds, and alter the estimating conference process; most failed, though one amendment clarifying who pays for background checks was adopted. The transcript ends during continued debate on an amendment to strike most of the bill and prohibit public funds from being used to advocate for or against constitutional amendments.

Transcript Highlights:

• ADAP provides insurance costs or directly provided medications.
• Of course, health insurance is a more cost-effective option.
• So ADAP provides insurance costs or directly provided medications.
• So, of course, health insurance is a more cost-effective option.
• We expect higher insurance premiums, 20% increase. That's cost to the program.

Keywords: House Room C, General Assembly Building, 976, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Building codes. Representative Libum, thank you, Mr. Speaker.
• It does increase the span of the code update from 3 to 6 years.
• In the major revision that we did, we separated the code sections. ...we separated the code sections
• Oh, well, those code sections are listed in the revised adoption code. Did you get a copy of this?
• We’re going to have people losing their health insurance. So I ask us to just be... ...insurance.

Keywords: 1136, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• What is a code red? A firefighter asked dispatch to send out a code red alert.
• We got away from 10 codes, supposedly.
• I'm asking what index code I'm supposed to use.
• Now, these have to be insured by the NFIP.
• One on the National Flood Insurance Program.

Keywords: 1185, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Next, we'll take up Amendment Code 316-788 by Senator Avila.
• Because we're reducing property taxes, insurance, P&I, right? Okay.
• If insurance doesn't cover it, then it ends up self-pay.
• Number two, property insurance. Thank you.
• Instead of eliminating property taxes, why not cap property insurance?

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• the map color-coded that you received?
• There were no other codes or colors other than the map.
• They are calling me about insurance they cannot afford.
• They are calling me about insurance they cannot afford.
• They're asking about their property insurance.

Summary: The Senate convened in special session and took up Senate Bill 8D, later substituted with House Bill 1D, both establishing Florida’s congressional districts. The sponsor, Senator Gates, explained that the Governor had transmitted a proposed redistricting plan on short notice and argued that mid-decade congressional redistricting is legally permissible, citing population growth and the Governor’s view that race-based provisions in the Fair Districts Amendment are unconstitutional. He repeatedly said the Legislature was not being asked to prove the Governor’s legal theory, only to consider the proposal, and noted that no amendments were offered. A lengthy question-and-answer period followed, with senators raising concerns about the rushed process, lack of statewide public hearings, and the map’s effects on minority communities, compactness, communities of interest, and partisan fairness. Senators questioned whether the map cracked Latino and Black communities, whether partisan data was used, whether the Governor’s office had outside consultants, and whether the plan complied with the Florida Constitution, the Fair Districts Amendment, and the Voting Rights Act. Gates generally deferred on legal conclusions, said the Governor’s representatives had testified the map was race-neutral and used political data only as one factor, and emphasized that any constitutional challenge would be for the courts. After a motion to temporarily postpone failed by a recorded vote of 12 yeas to 23 nays, the Senate continued debate. Senators Rouson, Bernard, and others spoke in opposition, arguing the proposal was rushed, partisan, and harmful to communities of interest and minority voting power. Gates maintained that the Governor had a constitutional prerogative to propose the map and that the Legislature could accept, reject, or amend it. The House companion bill was then substituted for the Senate bill, read a third time, and the chamber moved into final debate on the congressional redistricting plan.

Transcript Highlights:

• the map color-coded that you received?
• There were no other codes or colors other than the map.
• There were no other codes or colors other than the map.
• They are calling me about insurance they cannot afford.
• They're asking about their property insurance.

Keywords: 998, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Insurance can pay for equipment.
• Their insurance cannot pay for children because they have no flood insurance.
• But clearly in the code, it says evacuation. And it makes a distinction.
• Isn't that required by the Texas Administrative Code?
• You give your phone number in that part of the administrative code.

Keywords: 1185, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Stangle. property insurance market. Access to property insurance market.
• <00:59:35.359> critical stable insurance coverage is critical stable insurance coverage is critical
• <01:00:10.400> uh support a more stable insurance uh support a more stable insurance uh sector
• So, I applaud your work on insurance.
• umbrella organizations for larger insurance companies that do commercial insurance.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• And, of course, that realistic is code word. To try and do.
• And, of course, that realistic is code word for probably a little higher.
• because of requirements related to the energy code.
• because of requirements related to the energy code.
• Do we have a coding issue? What is the problem? Why is it like this?

Summary: The committee first heard a presentation from WSDOT on balancing uncertainty in capital program estimates and cash flow management. WSDOT explained the differences between design-bid-build and design-build delivery, its tiered risk-assessment process by project size, and how it uses base estimates, inflation, and risk modeling to set budgets. Staff said design-bid-build estimates are generally accurate within about 1% across the program, while design-build projects carry much wider uncertainty and are better communicated as ranges; they cited a P85 budget approach and noted that large, complex projects can be affected by market competition and long procurement timelines. Members asked about the Columbia River Bridge cost growth and about value engineering, and WSDOT said it uses value engineering but has limited scope to cut costs because of project requirements and policy mandates. Troy Swing also discussed cash flow, noting that a few large projects can significantly affect biennial funding needs, and said a risk pool would not reduce overall program risk but could help manage timing if paired with appropriation and cash-flow controls. The committee then received the final presentation in the WSDOT Project Delivery and Innovative Practices study from HKA Global. The consultant said WSDOT’s estimating practices are generally robust and recommended improving transparency by presenting budget authorizations as ranges or estimate classes, better tracking estimate growth over time, and adjusting advertisement timing to avoid competing lettings. The report also discussed surety bonding, suggesting the legislature consider restoring authority for reduced bonding on select large design-build projects or using phased bonding and alternative securities. On indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity contracting, the consultant said current job order contract rules are restrictive and recommended legislative changes to make such tools more usable, especially for smaller tasks and to help use unspent funds more flexibly. The committee also heard a follow-up presentation on transit-oriented development policy recommendations tied to HB 1491. The Urban Institute’s Yona Freemark said Washington has been a national leader on TOD but that housing construction, especially in the Puget Sound, has slowed sharply since 2022. He said rising construction costs, high financing costs, and local tax and rent conditions are making many TOD projects infeasible, and recommended that the state fill infrastructure funding gaps around stations, revisit MFTE affordability requirements, consider minimum rather than average density requirements near transit, and create a statewide system to track TOD outcomes such as affordability, gentrification, and transit access. Members questioned the study’s developer interviews, the role of rent control and crime, property tax assumptions, and parking needs; the presenter said the study included five private developers, that rent control was not part of the study scope, and that parking was included in the model assumptions. Finally, the committee began a presentation on regulating emissions from ocean-going vessels at berth. Staff and consultants described California-style at-berth rules, which require shore power or equivalent emissions controls so ships can shut off diesel auxiliary engines while docked. The study is examining vessel traffic, emissions reductions, implementation costs, labor and operational needs, and possible effects on port competitiveness and cargo diversion. No votes or formal actions were taken during the meeting.