Video & Transcript Research : 'parole officer'
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MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Committee on Rules and Administration - 04/20/26
Rules and Administration
Transcript Highlights:
- He's been with us for a long time in the reviser's office.
- He's been with us for a long time in the reviser's office.
- He's been with us for a long time in the reviser's office.
- He's been with us for a long time in the reviser's office.
- He's been with us for a long time in the reviser's office.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- now as a state representative with a two-year term, it's like every other year you're running for office
- I know even two years would be a big change, but even a four-year term, like most elected offices, would
- Representing the Southwest Association of College and University Housing Officers.
- And honestly, it's a running theme in our office.
- So it's an office. What we're envisioning is... this escalation point.
Keywords:
living expenses, higher education, student support, homeless students, financial aid, grant program, baccalaureate degrees, junior colleges, workforce development, Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, competency-based education, baccalaureate degree, cost of attendance, dual credit, computer science, course credit, foreign language requirement, curriculum review, governing board, faculty council
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Not all of them could get elected. to office, and that's probably a good thing.
- Cole: ...for an officer that died in my district.
- , juvenile probation officers, and certain Clerk: retired law enforcement officers into the criminal
- liability for taking a weapon from certain of those officers.
- Monday in memory of Officer Cooper Dawson of Greenville. Speaker: Is there objection?
WY
Wyoming 2026 Regular Session
Senate Corporations, Elections & Political Subdivisions Committee, February 25, 2026
Corporations, Elections & Political Subdivisions
Transcript Highlights:
- removed from office and the office shall be deemed vacant.
- removed from office and the office shall be deemed vacant.
- If the majority of the votes are in favor of removal, the officer is removed from office and the office
- >> for for municipal offices. >> for for municipal offices.
- office. so she can help us through this. office. so she can help us through this.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
- space somehow, we can find office space somehow.
- I have two goals when I go into the office every day.
- Um, rather than just go over it, office.
- Um, but I know reach out to your office.
- Um, as the public defenders office.
Summary:
The Judiciary Committee heard Governor’s Message 790, the nomination of Karen T. Nakasone to serve as chief judge of the Hawaii Intermediate Court of Appeals for a 10-year term. The chair announced that no vote would be taken that day and that the committee would vote on Thursday. Testimony was overwhelmingly supportive, with the chair reading that there were 103 supporters, zero opposed, and one comment.
Supporters included current and retired judges, public defenders, bar association representatives, former elected officials, and community members. They described Nakasone as intelligent, fair, hardworking, well respected, and a strong leader with deep legal experience. Several speakers emphasized her judicial temperament, her work as an advocate and judge, and her community involvement, including leadership in civic and civil rights organizations. One pro se litigant also testified that she had been treated kindly and respectfully by Nakasone in prior interactions.
The Hawaii State Bar Association reported that it had conducted an interview and review process and found her qualified for the position. In her own remarks, Nakasone introduced family and colleagues, described her 30-year legal career, and said her first job after law school was as an ICA law clerk. She highlighted the court’s backlog reduction efforts under Acting Chief Judge Katherine Leonard, saying the number of older pending appeals had dropped significantly through team-based reforms, and stated that she would continue that work if confirmed. The hearing ended without questions from the committee and with the nomination held for a later vote.
KY
Kentucky 2026 Regular Session
House Standing Committee on Banking and Insurance. (3-4-26)
Banking & Insurance
Transcript Highlights:
- Does it, versus the Attorney General's office? Does that, like, who can...
- <00:08:04.479>
Does <00:08:04.720>that attorney general's office? - Does that attorney general's office?
- <00:08:32.560>
Uh <00:08:32.880>part the attorney general's office. - Uh part the attorney general's office.
Keywords:
Meeting Start 00:00
Call to Order and Roll Call 00:29
Discussion SB 153 01:25
Vote SB 153 10:35
Discussion SB 118 11:36
Vote SB 118 12:48
Discussion HB 380 13:40
Vote HB 380 40:12, 958, all
Summary:
The House Standing Committee on Banking and Insurance met with a quorum and took up three bills. Senate Bill 153, sponsored by Sen. Greg Elkins, aimed to combat insurance fraud tied to post-disaster contractor scams. Testimony from the Attorney General’s Office and committee members described problems involving roofing, siding, and debris-removal scams, including vandalism used to create claims and companies that disappear before victims can recover losses. The bill would expand enforcement tools by making certain vandalism-related conduct criminal, giving the Attorney General concurrent jurisdiction with local prosecutors, creating a post-disaster contractor registry, and banning door-to-door solicitation during declared emergencies. The committee approved the bill by roll call and sent it forward with a favorable recommendation.
Senate Bill 118, sponsored by Sen. Brandon Storm, addressed credit property insurance offered by consumer loan companies. The sponsor and a representative of the Kentucky Consumer Finance Association explained that the product has been offered for years and that the bill would provide statutory authority for its continued use. The committee raised no substantive objections, and the bill passed on a roll call vote with a favorable recommendation.
House Bill 380, sponsored by Rep. Tom Smith, focused on regulating cryptocurrency kiosks in convenience stores to curb fraud against seniors. The committee heard emotional testimony from a sheriff and a fraud victim describing scams that led victims to deposit cash into crypto kiosks, often under pressure from callers posing as authorities or relatives. AARP Kentucky supported the bill, citing widespread losses to older adults and the need for guardrails. A committee substitute was adopted that would cap daily transactions at $2,000, require fee disclosure and customer consent, impose licensing and compliance requirements, mandate identification for transactions, and add criminal penalties and Attorney General enforcement. Members discussed the bill’s scope, including that it would not address gift card scams, and noted the delayed effective date was requested so regulators could write rules. The committee adopted the substitute and then passed the bill favorably on roll call.
AZ
Arizona 2026 Regular Session
02/19/2026 - Joint Legislative Audit Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- The governor's office was notified, so thank you, Madam Chair.
- That would be the role of the Attorney General's office. Mr.
- Auditor General's Office is recognized.
- Everything has to come through my office for approval.
- And that's what I've told the AG's office as many times.
Summary:
The committee first heard the January 2026 follow-up to the special audit of the Arizona State Board of Chiropractic Examiners. The auditor’s contractor reported that the board had implemented or was in the process of implementing most of the 28 recommendations from the 2024 audit, but three remained unimplemented: resolving complaints within 180 days and two open meeting law recommendations. The follow-up also identified new concerns about outdated or incomplete public disciplinary records and the lack of a complete public records request log and response procedures. Committee members pressed the board on open meeting compliance, complaint delays, transparency, and lobbying activities, while the executive director said the board had adopted new policies, added staff and investigators, created an intake committee, improved complaint prioritization, and was transitioning to a new licensing platform. She also said the board had ended broad subpoenas, improved conflict-of-interest tracking, and was working to formalize its practices in rule. The committee did not take a vote or other formal action in the transcript provided.
The committee then received the Arizona school district financial risk analysis for January 2026. The Auditor General’s office reported that the number of highest-risk districts increased from two to nine, and districts approaching the highest-risk category increased from seven to nine. The presentation explained the financial risk measures used, common risk patterns among the highest-risk districts, and the district action plans posted on the report website. Tucson Unified School District was used as an example of a highest-risk district, and Scottsdale Unified as an approaching-highest-risk district. Members asked about declining enrollment, reserve balances, negative fund balances, and the use of capital monies for operations.
Sierra Vista Unified School District then presented its response to being identified as financially at risk. The superintendent said she had recently taken over and was implementing a turnaround plan that included a school closure, staffing reductions through attrition, spending freezes, tighter purchase controls, a three-year sustainable spending plan, and efforts to stabilize enrollment through outreach, customer-service changes, and alternative program offerings. She also said the district was redirecting some capital assistance to operations, renegotiating contracts, and improving communication with families and staff. Committee members questioned the district about declining enrollment, instructional spending, school safety, academic performance, and whether the action plan adequately addressed those issues. No formal vote or action was taken on the school district item in the transcript provided.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
- to align them with computations similar to police officers.
- , including undercover officers.
- officers. Um the administrative position officers.
- collective Um collect office of collective Um collect office of collective bargaining,<00:47:09.440
- And testimony from AG uh AG's office.
Summary:
The joint hearing of the Senate Committees on Labor and Technology and Public Safety and Military Affairs considered three bills. SB 2141 would reclassify certain Department of Law Enforcement leadership and employees as Class A members for retirement purposes and adjust retirement benefit calculations. DLE supported the bill, saying it would address retirement classification without enhancing benefits, while the Employees’ Retirement System said it had no formal board position but wanted key provisions preserved. The Deputy Attorney General raised a potential title/subject issue and warned the bill could be vulnerable to challenge because the reclassification, contribution changes, and benefit calculations are in separate statutory sections. After questions about the number of affected employees and possible amendments, the committees deferred the bill.
SB 2593 would exempt certain Law Enforcement Standards Board positions from civil service and collective bargaining. The board’s administrator said the positions would handle sensitive and confidential information and require specialized experience, and the board chair’s representative said the bill was important to meet certification deadlines. Opposition testimony from HGA argued exempt employees are at-will and suggested civil service protections should remain, with any staffing issues handled through reclassification or other personnel tools. Committee members questioned whether the positions could instead be civil service but excluded from bargaining, and staff explained the distinction between civil service exemption and collective bargaining exclusion. The committees ultimately recommended passing SB 2593 with amendments, including a deferred effective date of January 1, 2077, and the recommendation was adopted.
SB 2824 would create a bribery-related reporting duty for public servants. Supporters, including Indivisible Hawaii, said it would establish a clear duty to report known or suspected bribery and strengthen public trust. The Office of the Public Defender opposed the bill, saying it would criminalize an affirmative duty to report another person’s misconduct. After limited discussion, both committees voted to pass SB 2824 with amendments, including a deferred effective date of July 1, 2050, and the recommendation was adopted. The meeting then adjourned.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Budget Subcommittee No. 2 on Human Services Mar 26th, 2025
HI
Transcript Highlights:
- <00:11:39.920>
and with the Attorney General's office and with the Attorney General's office - Office assistant—they have over 300 office assistant vacancies; that's one of the jobs it's on Wei Wei
- Office assistant—they have over 300 office assistant vacancies; that's one of the jobs it's on Wei Wei
- Office assistant—they have over 300 office assistant vacancies; that's one of the jobs it's on Wei Wei
- Office assistant—they have over 300 office assistant vacancies; that's one of the jobs it's on Wei Wei
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Labor, Public Employment and Retirement Committee Jun 17th, 2026
Labor, Public Employment and Retirement
Transcript Highlights:
- The RTO order did not acknowledge the realities about office space, office leases, office equipment,
- I'm an office technician and a steward for a department under the State Treasurer's Office.
- I'm an attorney with the Office of Administrative Law.
- This is Amanda Tetter with the Department of Corrections, Office of Business Service.
- Our office workers to be the entire bedrock for our downtowns.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
- Um, Hawaii State Energy Office in support. Uh, Office of the Governor in support.
- Um, Hawaii State Energy Office in support. Uh, Office of the Governor in support.
- thank you um Hawaii state Energy Office thank you um Hawaii state Energy Office in support<03:30
- uh Office of the support uh Office of the governor<03:30:31.160>
in <03:30:31.399>support< - Sorry, going back, Hawaii State Energy Office... Hawaii State Energy Office.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
- Next we have Office of Planning. >> Yeah. Good morning. Okay.
- and tribal historic preservation offices similar to SHPD.
- officers and tribal historic<00:52:37.760>
preservation <00:52:38.240>offices <00:52:38.720 - The typo office is within the tribes.
- office and the tribe. office and the tribe.
Bills:
HB1527, HB1823, HB2490, HB2223, HB2325, HB2104, HB2593, HB2592, HB1927, HB1553, HB1964, HB1918, HB1990
Keywords:
gambling prohibition, Aloha Stadium, University of Hawaii, amateur athletics, state lands, coastal resilience, Maui, Mantokuji Bay, coastal erosion, environmental protection, Native Hawaiian, spiritual sites, historic preservation, economic development, burial sites, Department of Hawaiian Home Lands, cultural history, archaeology, Hawaii Revised Statutes, civil service
Summary:
The committee first heard HB 1527 relating to gambling. The chair outlined hearing rules, including a two-minute limit and a warning that bills not heard would die. Testimony was overwhelmingly in support from a prosecutor, Honolulu Police Department, and Stop Predatory Gambling, all arguing that casinos and sports betting increase crime, sex trafficking, harassment of athletes, and broader social harm. No opposition testimony was presented, and the committee moved on without questions or action taken on the bill.
The committee then heard HB 1823 relating to coastal zone management and HB 2490 relating to coastal resilience. For HB 1823, DLNR, the Office of Planning, and Maui County testified, with Maui County supporting the measure and its proposed amendments. For HB 2490, DLNR expressed concern about exempting a proposed Mokuji Bay pilot project from permits and regulation before a long-term plan is finalized, while the County of Maui, the Mokuji Soto Zen Mission, and the Office of Planning supported the bill as a coastal resilience pilot. The mission described severe erosion, sea-level rise impacts, and years of unsuccessful efforts to stabilize the shoreline; its consultant said the study is leaning toward nature-based and hybrid solutions. In questioning, members and DLNR discussed whether the bill should say the project “shall” or “may” be exempt, and the chair indicated the language would be adjusted to preserve DLNR discretion and to change the lead agency reference to OPSD. No vote was taken in the transcript.
Finally, the committee took up HB 2223 relating to historic preservation reviews. SHPD said it stood on its written comments, while OPSD and DHHL supported the bill. DHHL argued the measure would streamline reviews, improve transparency, and help address long wait times for its projects, saying it could alleviate burden on SHPD and better serve beneficiaries. Representative Shimizu questioned whether the bill would create redundancy and expand government rather than strengthen SHPD, noting a separate staffing bill already exists. SHPD responded that DHHL is uniquely subject to 6E review and that the bill would not waive federal or state historic review requirements; the discussion also touched on possible federal-style grant support and the existing memorandum of agreement between SHPD and DHHL. The transcript ends during questioning, with no final committee action shown.
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
Office of the Legislative Auditor presentation on state-funded grants to nonprofit orgs 2/10/25
Minnesota House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- and the Secretary of State's office and the Secretary of State's office<00:35:32.839>
before < - <00:41:19.280>
of out there's three people in office of out there's three people in office - <01:02:25.200>
of admin really through the office of admin really through the office of Grants - <01:08:09.480>
of should be to hear from the office of should be to hear from the office of - Attorney's Office. And so, Madam Chair, I would urge that.
Summary:
The committee heard a presentation from State Auditor Judy Randall and Deputy Legislative Auditor Jody Mason Rodriguez on the Office of the Legislative Auditor’s 2023 report, “Oversight of State-Funded Grants to Nonprofit Organizations.” Randall explained that the report takes a broad look at how Minnesota manages grants, building on earlier work that helped lead to the Office of Grants Management (OGM) in 2007. She emphasized that the new recommendation-tracking booklet in members’ packets is meant to help the legislature see which audit recommendations have been implemented, partially implemented, or not implemented, and to support oversight rather than assign blame.
Rodriguez summarized the report’s findings: Minnesota’s grants management policies contain many important practices, but they often lack enough detail for agencies to implement them consistently. The office found pervasive noncompliance in recent years and identified weak statutory enforcement as a major reason. She reviewed how grants flow from the legislature to agencies and then to nonprofit grantees and subgrantees, and noted that state agencies spent an average of about $514 million annually on nonprofit grants from fiscal years 2018 through 2022, awarding grants to about 2,400 nonprofits. The report found OGM policies partially reflected 17 of 24 recommended grant-management practices, but examples of missing detail included no required risk-based monitoring, no minimum standards for progress reports, telephone-only monitoring visits allowed, and no deadline for closeout reviews.
The auditors said some recommendations have been acted on since the report, including 2023 statutory changes that led OGM to revise its pre-award financial review policy and set a timeline for closeout reviews, though other recommendations remain only partially implemented. They also discussed repeat compliance problems across agencies, including conflict-of-interest documentation, and said agencies are beginning to improve by automating checklists and disclosure processes. In response to member questions, the auditors said training is important and should likely be required for grants staff, though not necessarily with highly specific statutory language; they also said grant managers vary widely across agencies, making baseline training especially useful. No votes or formal committee actions were taken during the presentation, and the chair noted that OGM would be invited for a future presentation.
LA
Transcript Highlights:
- Not all OMV offices are set up by OMB. So in Crowley, for instance, Crowley owns the OMV office.
- Maintenance of the office, etc.
- Keith Neal, Commissioner, Office of Motor Vehicles.
- Most of our offices are service-fee offices where we coordinate with the local municipality on providing
- an office.
Keywords:
property tax, blighted properties, urban rehabilitation, tax exemption, local government, financial incentives, blighted property, derelict property, property tax exemption, local redevelopment plans, rehabilitation standards, ad valorem tax, community development, senior citizens, homestead exemption, Louisiana Constitution, motor vehicles, local fees, transaction fees, funding
AZ
Arizona 2026 Regular Session
02/24/2026 - House Republican Caucus Calendar #7
Transcript Highlights:
- However, we do have in the office, if you've been paying attention in the news, the federal government
- And it's time that we have some accountability in that office.
- And it's time that we have some accountability in that office.
- approval from an elected official in control of that county office.
- approval from an elected official in control of that county office.
Summary:
The meeting was a caucus-style run-through of many bills and resolutions across Appropriations, Commerce, Education, Federalism/Military Affairs/Elections, Government, Health and Human Services, Judiciary, ENRU, Public Safety, and Rural Economic Development. Measures discussed included housing and HOA rules, school policy and funding, health care licensing and records timelines, public safety and corrections funding, election and campaign rules, water and environmental policy, and several criminal justice and juvenile justice changes. Many items were described as being on third-read consent or consent calendars, with staff often noting that no questions were raised and no sponsor was present.
Several bills drew sponsor explanation or member discussion. In education, members reviewed bills on teacher strikes, school safety, math placement, student outcomes, free school meals, parent permission for clubs, and school bond ballot disclosures. In health, bills covered prior authorization data reporting, nursing board rules and complaint procedures, pharmacist testing/treatment authority, opioid antagonist expiration dates, board continuations, and a constitutional amendment on refusing medical mandates. In government and public safety, members discussed DCS legal representation, inmate medical records, public safety parity funding, sheriff authority, border support funding, and a resolution supporting county sheriffs. In commerce and housing, bills addressed condominium and HOA authority, shade structures, pet restrictions, insurance certificates, apprenticeship definitions, automatic renewal contracts, and a state housing affordability district.
There was notable discussion on House Bill 4044, which would create a Public Safety Parity Fund for DPS and DOC salaries using interest from the state rainy day fund and other revenue sources. The sponsor argued it would provide a reliable way to fund public safety pay, while others objected that it would consume interest needed to preserve the fund’s value and that a general fund appropriation would be more appropriate. The bill prompted extended back-and-forth, with some members supporting the concept and others saying it was fiscally irresponsible. Another point of discussion came on House Bill 2775, where staff noted a possible misprint in the bill history, and on House Bill 467, where staff clarified that the inactive voter list changes related to e-poll book status categories. No formal votes were recorded in the transcript, and the meeting appears to have been a review of measures before floor action.
KY
Kentucky 2026 Regular Session
House Standing Committee on Tourism and Outdoor Recreation (1-22-26)
Tourism & Outdoor Recreation
Transcript Highlights:
- The first responding officers did not arrive on the scene until over an hour after the incident.
- The first responding officers did not arrive on the scene until over an hour after the incident.
- The first responding officers did not arrive on the scene until over an hour after the incident.
- <00:04:47.919>
did The the first responding officers did The the first responding officers - <00:09:12.399>
uh low local law law enforcement officer uh low local law law enforcement officer
Keywords:
Meeting start: 00:00
Roll Call: 00:04
HB 168 discussion: 01:39
HB 168 vote: 21:04, 958, all
Summary:
The committee heard House Bill 168, sponsored by Representative Ken Fleming, known as “Keegan’s Law.” The bill was presented with a committee substitute that made a wording change from “is involved” to “causes” in one section, which the sponsor said was intended to better focus on the operator of a motorboat or vessel. The bill was prompted by the death of Heather Yelton’s 12-year-old son, Keegan, in a jet ski accident, and she testified that the investigation was delayed and no blood test was taken, leaving the family without answers about whether alcohol or drugs were involved.
Representative Fleming said the bill would do two main things: allow law enforcement to seek a blood test after a serious boating injury or fatality, subject to probable cause and a judge-issued warrant, and require 911 dispatchers to notify State Police so Kentucky Fish and Wildlife can respond more quickly to water-related incidents. Committee members asked about how probable cause would work if field sobriety tests were passed, whether the bill’s penalties align with existing DUI laws, and whether the bill would affect driver’s licenses. Fleming said the bill incorporates DUI-style penalties for boating offenses but would not suspend a driver’s license because boating does not require one.
Several members expressed sympathy and support for the goal of the bill, while some raised concerns about the severity of the penalty structure and how it might interact with existing laws. Kentucky Fish and Wildlife Director of Law Enforcement Jeremy McQuary said the agency would enforce the law as written. After discussion, the committee voted to pass House Bill 168 out of committee, making it eligible for consideration on the House floor.
AZ
Arizona 2026 Regular Session
01/12/2026 - House Floor Session - Opening Day Ceremony
Arizona House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Emmy's in my office right now. She pays the mortgage at home. Emmy.
- He’s in my office. He’s in the Speaker’s office. Good. I also forgot my family.
- in the offices of history.
- And from my office, my son, Sebastian Sandoval, he is watching.
- And my sister, Lisa, is up in the office.
Summary:
The House convened for an opening-day floor session marked by ceremonial activities, including the invocation, posting of the colors, the Pledge of Allegiance, and musical performances. Members also welcomed the Doctor of the Day, Dr. Jason Jamison, and a large number of special guests, dignitaries, family members, and community leaders. The Speaker delivered extended remarks about Arizona’s history, the responsibilities of legislators, and the importance of civility and respect in the chamber. Guest speakers included ASU football coach Kenny Dillingham and University of Arizona basketball coach Tommy Lloyd, both of whom spoke about leadership, culture, teamwork, and the role of athletics in uniting and retaining talent in Arizona.
The House then took up organizational business. Members adopted amendments to the House rules for the 57th Legislature, Second Regular Session, and then adopted the amended rules as the governing rules for the session. The chamber also approved an emergency declaration for bill readings, allowing bills, resolutions, and memorials to be read by number and short title only. The Speaker announced two new standing committees for the session: Artificial Intelligence and Innovation, chaired by Representative Justin Wilmeth, and Rural Economic Development, chaired by Representative Teresa Martinez. A House Organizational Committee was appointed to notify the Senate that the House was organized and ready for business and to join a committee to notify the Governor.
A lengthy portion of the meeting was devoted to points of personal privilege, during which many members introduced family members, constituents, local officials, educators, business leaders, veterans, and advocacy groups. Several members highlighted issues such as water security, affordability, education, health care access, reentry services, veterans’ citizenship, and support for working families. The session concluded with the House recessing and then reconvening for the formal start of legislative business, including committee membership changes and the first reading of a large slate of bills covering elections, taxes, education, health, water, transportation, public safety, and other topics.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Which is an entity within the Economic Development and Tourism Office in the Governor's Office, by abolishing
- For the Comptroller's Office testifying on the bill as a resource witness.
- Macy Douglas, I'm with the Comptroller's Office.
- Your office would do that? That's how we understand it.
- Thank you to the AG's office for being here.
Keywords:
SB 524, Texas franchise tax, veteran-owned business, new veteran-owned business, business tax exemption, filing fee exemption, Tax Code Chapter 171, Business Organizations Code, Comptroller, small business, veterans, entrepreneurship, tax repeal, privilege tax, beginning date, franchise tax exemption, severance tax, oil, gas, restimulation wells
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm an assistant attorney General with the Office of the Attorney General.
- What our offices provide is the collection services on the court order.
- Um, the Attorney General's office isn't going to court and obtaining those orders.
- , the lieutenant governor's office, the Speaker's office, and several other key stakeholders such as
- The Attorney General's office also has responsibilities in this area.
Keywords:
Medicaid, nutrition support, maternal health, chronic conditions, pilot program, DFPS, Department of Family and Protective Services, child protective services, child abuse investigations, child neglect, child exploitation, advisory committee, Family and Protective Services Council, council abolition, foster care, due process, investigative procedures, child welfare, parental rights, family preservation services