Transcript Highlights:

• Last year, the joint administrative procedures... adopted a process by rule.
• Even I, Miss Rule Follower, broke a caucus position to support this legislation.
• Rules Chair Pasidomo, you are recognized for a motion. Thank you, Mr. President.
• Madam Rules Chair, you are recognized. Thank you, Mr. President.
• Madam Rules Chair, you are recognized. Thank you, Mr. President.

Summary: The Senate convened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, several introductions, and an announcement that there would be no conference that weekend. The chamber then took up a long special order calendar and passed a series of bills, often by substituting House companions. Early measures included trust law modernization to create a nonjudicial trustee discharge process, military affairs changes expanding leave and retirement-related provisions, a bill to prepare for the end of penny use by standardizing cash rounding, and a podiatric medicine bill regulating cellular or tissue-based products and informed consent. The Senate also approved veterans court expansion, RV park assessment clarification, alcohol-loss tax deduction authority, bail bond and pretrial release revisions, and a military-installation jurisdiction bill to allow juvenile cases on bases to be handled in state juvenile court under certain conditions. Most bills passed unanimously or near-unanimously, with the bail bond bill passing 36-1 after questions about charitable bail bonds and confirmation that existing law on return of charitable bail funds would remain unchanged. The chamber then paused for a lengthy farewell presentation honoring Senator Lori Berman, featuring a video, remarks from many senators, and Berman’s own closing speech reflecting on her 16 years of service, her legislative priorities, and her call for civility, bipartisanship, and continued support for issues such as school safety, Israel, anti-Semitism, and affordability. After the tribute, the Senate resumed and passed additional bills, including one expanding insurance coverage definitions for portable electronics and eyewear, a workforce and nursing education funding bill broadening support for health science programs, a recovery residences regulatory streamlining bill, a felony battery enhancement bill adding resisting an officer with violence as a qualifying prior offense, and a child welfare bill extending visitor thresholds in out-of-home placements, making the Step Into Success program permanent, and creating a best-practices program. The chamber also advanced a candidate qualification bill tightening party-affiliation requirements and adding a House provision on recent legal name changes; debate began on that measure as the transcript ended.

Transcript Highlights:

• Massullo, Senator Massullo, is that the boards formulate a rule.
• Rules Chair Pasidomo, you are recognized. Thank you, Mr. President.
• And they pulled up some rule that nobody knew of.
• It also removes provisions related to digital driver's licenses.
• Before I recognize the Rules Chair, questions? Thank you.

Summary: The Senate convened with a quorum, opened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, and recognized several introductions and memorials, including a resolution designating August 9, 2026, as Bob Graham Day and a moment of silence for firefighter Roger Timmy Miley. The chamber then moved through a long special-order calendar, with several bills substituted with House companions and adopted by voice vote or recorded vote. Early measures included a tax conformity bill tied to federal Internal Revenue Code changes, which passed 34-0, and a Medicaid/public assistance bill that drew extensive debate over work requirements, fraud reduction, behavioral health services, and SNAP/EBT reforms. Amendments offered by Senators Berman and Osgood to condition or soften the work and photo-ID provisions were rejected, and the underlying bill was placed on the third-reading calendar after lengthy questioning about implementation, exemptions, and eligibility effects. The Senate also passed bills on computer science education and AI instruction, a Parkinson’s disease registry public-records exemption and registry update, designation of the SS American Victory as Florida’s official state flagship, electronic payments for local governments, repeal of the legal-tender sunset for gold and silver, public-records protections for gold/silver custodians and stablecoin-related entities, a Florida stablecoin pilot program, and local government budget transparency/spending measures. Most of these measures were adopted after minor amendments or technical substitutions, with votes generally ranging from 31-3 to 34-0. The chamber also recognized the Florida Channel’s 30 years of legislative coverage. Later, the Senate approved a digital voyeurism bill expanding the reasonable-expectation-of-privacy definition to include private fenced yards, and an insurance customer representative licensing bill allowing high school students to complete insurance/personal finance coursework and later qualify for licensure. The final major item was a medical freedom bill that would expand parental vaccine information requirements, add a conscience-based exemption to immunization mandates, allow behind-the-counter ivermectin for adults, and repeal the sunset on the mRNA mandate prohibition; two amendments clarifying anti-kickback rules and requiring vaccine information to include risks, benefits, safety, and efficacy were adopted, while questions from Senators Smith and Massullo focused on public-health impacts and the content of the required materials. The transcript ends during discussion of that bill, with no final vote shown in the excerpt.

Transcript Highlights:

• So our licensing statutes are tiered, and this is the lowest of the licensing tier under 1,000 cases.
• So if a beverage manufacturer or wine manufacturer did have an on premise license, a restaurant license
• actually have a beer and wine license. actually have a beer and wine license.
• have an on premise license, a restaurant license<00:35:17.200> already,<00:35:17.839> this
• >> Chairman makes his own rules. >> Chairman makes his own rules.

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The holder of any valid big game animal license, trophy game animal license, any wild bison license,
• or a female or calf wild bison license may surrender said license to the Department for reissuance to
• The holder of any valid big game animal license, trophy game animal license, any wild bison license,
• or a female or calf wild bison license may surrender said license to the Department for reissuance to
• The holder of any valid big game animal license, trophy game animal license, any wild bison license,

Keywords: 916, all

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm also in charge of the driver handbook, so any changes to rules or regulations I keep track of in
• He was operating an e-bike outside the rules for pedestrians.
• Accidents are most common as a result of them violating the rules of the road.
• You must be a licensed driver and have proof of insurance.
• driver or have their permit, and their licensed adult is with them.

Summary: The committee held a panel discussion on micro-mobility device regulation and enforcement, focusing on e-bikes and e-scooters. Sheriff Robert Hardwick and Chief Jamie Cruz described serious injuries involving children, including crashes at high speeds, and argued that current law is outdated because it folds e-bikes into the bicycle statute. They urged a separate statewide framework with clearer age limits, licensing or training requirements, helmet rules, and penalties for modifying devices to go faster. Both also emphasized that parents should bear responsibility and that enforcement should include education, progressive discipline, and, if needed, civil citations. FDOT District 6 Secretary Daniel Iglesias and DHSMV representative Lonnie Groner said their agencies are prioritizing education, outreach, and better data collection. They noted that micromobility devices are increasingly common, create safety and accessibility issues on sidewalks and shared-use paths, and are difficult to track because crash reports often do not identify them consistently. Members discussed whether motorized devices should be barred from sidewalks, whether riders should be licensed and insured, and how enforcement could be made uniform statewide. The panel also said manufacturers have not been meaningfully engaged and that local approaches vary widely. The committee then heard 2026 legislative priorities from FDOT Secretary Jared Perdue and DHSMV Executive Director Dave Kerner. Perdue outlined FDOT’s large five-year work program, ongoing congestion-relief projects, investments in ports, airports, rail, workforce, heavy equipment, facilities, and cybersecurity, and the need to do more with flat revenues. Kerner summarized DHSMV’s agency bill priorities, including requiring a Florida address and proof of residence for vehicle registration, updating identification requirements, aligning tank vehicle and motor carrier rules with federal standards, improving IFTA administration, raising the crash-report damage threshold, and allowing electronic notices. No votes were taken, and the meeting adjourned after the presentations and questions.

Transcript Highlights:

• <00:20:55.640> but that's an alternative to licensing but that's an alternative to licensing
• The fourth violation means you lose your license, and the retailer is banned from reapplying for a license
• the majority of retailers in Kentucky. operate without a license will face operate without a license
• reply reapplying for license for two reply reapplying for license for two years<00:26:28.559>
• <00:37:37.800> for similar local law around licensing for similar local law around licensing

Keywords: Call to Order 00:00:00 Roll Call 00:00:35 SB 22 Discussion 00:01:20 SB 22 Vote 00:11:45 SB 100 Discussion 00:15:07 SB 100 Vote 00:38:53 SB 88 Discussion Only 00:42:11 Adjournment 01:03:52, 958, all

Summary: The Senate Standing Committee on Licensing and Occupations met on February 18, 2025, and first took up Senate Bill 22 by Senator Reginald Thomas, which was presented as a cleanup measure following prior cosmetology reforms and a Legislative Oversight and Investigations report. The bill would allow cosmetologists to retake exams multiple times with a one-month wait, authorize the Board of Cosmetology to immediately close facilities that intentionally use unlicensed workers while preserving due process, give the board flexibility to hire an executive director based on qualifications rather than licensure, and recognize certain out-of-state or territorial cosmetology licenses. Board officials said the changes were intended to improve fairness, equality, and administrative due process. Senators asked about retesting fees and whether partial retests could dilute standards; Thomas clarified that the exam is cumulative and must be retaken in full. The committee approved SB 22 with all favorable votes, and Senator Meredith explained his support as a workforce and fairness issue. The committee then heard Senate Bill 100 by Senator Jimmy Higdon, as substituted, concerning tobacco, nicotine, and vapor product retail licensing and enforcement. Youth advocates from the University of Kentucky testified in support, describing youth nicotine use as a public health crisis and urging stronger enforcement, annual compliance checks, retailer licensing, and tougher penalties for illegal sales to minors. Higdon said the bill would create a Division of Tobacco, Nicotine, and Vapor Products Licensing within ABC, require licenses for retailers, authorize inspections and confiscation of contraband, impose escalating criminal and civil penalties for unlicensed sales and sales to minors, publish a list of licensed retailers, and dedicate fine revenue to enforcement and youth education. He said the measure targeted bad actors rather than responsible retailers. A retailer witness also supported licensing but raised concerns about contradictory product definitions that could sweep in hemp and medical marijuana vapor products, and asked that the bill be delayed until after an expected Supreme Court decision affecting federal vapor-product rules. The transcript ends during discussion of SB 100, before any committee vote on that bill.

Transcript Highlights:

• Streamlining licensing rules.
• streamlining<00:58:24.799> licensing<00:58:25.359> rules.
• <00:58:25.839> We've<00:58:26.160> just streamlining licensing rules.
• We've just streamlining licensing rules.
• <00:58:29.359> rules through the childcare licensing rules through the childcare licensing

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: The committee met with DHS Chief Financial Officer Nathan White to receive an update on the department’s budget lapse and vacancy rates. White explained the difference between the “back-of-the-budget” reduction and lapse assumptions, saying DHS is facing a current biennium reduction of about $23 million and estimating roughly a $60 million general fund lapse in state fiscal year 2025, compared with about $13.5 million the prior year. He said DHS’s lapse is driven largely by program utilization, labor market conditions, contract spending, and statutory carry-forwards in areas such as Medicaid and developmental disabilities, which tend to produce a smaller lapse in the first year of the biennium and a larger one in the second year. He also noted that the House and Senate budgets differ on some operating items, including Medicaid rates, with the Senate having struck a House proposal to reduce rates by 3%. Members questioned White about whether DHS ever spends down lapse money on last-minute purchases. He said the department does not engage in that practice, though it does retain some flexibility in its facilities budget for emergencies. He also described the process for transferring funds within and between class lines, including the need for fiscal committee approval above statutory thresholds, and gave examples such as moving funds to cover overtime in the SYSC budget and to ensure Medicaid payments for nursing facilities. White said such transfers are public and transparent and are reviewed by the governor and Executive Council. The committee then discussed DHS staffing. White said the department has a little over 3,200 authorized positions, with a vacancy rate around 14.5%, and that a hiring freeze had been imposed a few months earlier while exempting direct care positions. He said DHS is planning for about a $30 million general fund reduction to personnel, equivalent to just under 400 positions, and is managing postings centrally to stay within budget by July 1. In response to questions about the loss of about $80 million in federal funds, White and Associate Commissioner Patricia Tilly said DHS avoided layoffs by shifting staff into vacant positions, but that the cuts affected community contracts, public health workers, laboratory work, and some IT/data projects. Tilly said roughly 20 positions were affected, most were reassigned, a few staff left voluntarily, and the department has less flexibility going forward if more federal funding ends.

Transcript Highlights:

• renewable license. renewable license.
• and licensed by the office. and licensed by the office.
• terms of their license. terms of their license.
• license.
• license.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• HB 2773, driver's license. HB 2775, international criminal. HB 2778, international crime.
• HB 2779, retail licensing. HB 2786, health care. HB 2789, TPT exemption.
• HB 2804, rule affordable. HB 2805, electronic signatures. HB 2806, lawful present public program.
• driver 2773 international criminal 2775 in international crime with 2778 retail licensing 2779 health
• Despite having ID, ICE agents continue to show a complete disregard for the rule of law and absolutely

Keywords: 1182, all

Transcript Highlights:

• REQUIRING US TO CARRY A LIQUOR LICENSE WHEN WE ARE A NONALCOHOLIC BOTTLE SHOP GOES AGAINST WHAT WE'VE
• I WILL SAY WE KNOW WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THERE ARE BASICALLY NO RULES OR VERY FEW RULES.
• THE BILL DOESN'T DO EVERYTHING, RULES ARE PERFECT.
• WE STILL HAVE NORTH FLORIDA HEMP FARMS AND ALL OUR DIFFERENT LICENSES FROM OUR GROWERS.
• FROM THE START BECAUSE WE WERE FOLLOWING THE RULES.

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• with US rules in a very orderly process. with US rules in a very orderly process.
• That needs rules. enterprise together. That needs rules.
• <01:04:20.000> plate wanted to collect your license plate wanted to collect your license plate
• <01:04:23.359> plate have a law yet on the license plate have a law yet on the license plate
• <01:16:20.880> and the uh purpose of the the rules and the uh purpose of the the rules and

Bills: HB0075, HB0128

Keywords: virtual currency, kiosk, financial institutions, regulation, Wyoming Money Transmitters Act, penalties, severance tax, oil production, tax exemption, energy sector, economic impact, 916, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The committee on rules will now come to order.
• The something called the Williams rule.
• So it's a Williams rule kind of thing.
• But I do want to say one thing and that's that's 3 strikes rule.
• I don't think it's any secret that many of our rule counties already suffering.

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• That is going to be a standard rule in this committee.
• Would a hunting license be required to do this? Thank you for the question.
• No, a hunting license is not required.
• Because that's when you look at the lifetime license in Oklahoma, it is a very liberal license.
• It gives a lot of options to people from a lifetime licensing standpoint.

Bills: SB2108, SB2121, SB2171, SB2061, SB2112, SB2138

Keywords: feral swine, nuisance control, wildlife management, hunting permits, agriculture, cultivated meat, food safety, public health, misbranding, advertising, food labeling, food distribution, state regulations, hunting licenses, fishing licenses, veterans, controlled hunts, deer population, wildlife conservation, food policy

Transcript Highlights:

• Criminals do not shop at licensed Criminals do not shop at licensed dealers.<01:01:50.559> They
• <01:26:42.880> firearm who is not a federally licensed firearm who is not a federally licensed
• <01:40:56.560> firearm to be a federally licensed firearm to be a federally licensed firearm
• firearms, but a federally licensed firearms, but a federally licensed that's<01:41:10.159> a<
• The coat rule is relaxed.

Keywords: 981, all

Transcript Highlights:

• It's the rule.
• public. 2, Criminal activity perpetrated by license holders or non-license holders should be prosecuted
• A license is not and has never been a license to harm.
• It licenses.
• Official or licensed positions.

Transcript Highlights:

• As a reminder, there are some general rules of conduct.
• It takes four points to suspend a license. SB 953 does not overreach.
• It requires four to have your license suspended. It requires four to have your license suspended.
• And to state that in the case of a driver's license that's suspended, and some of them lacking.
• I've been a California licensed bail agent for 42 years.

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Finally, the bill directs the Board of Podiatric Medicine to adopt implementing rules.
• Even I, Miss Rule Follower, broke a caucus position to support this legislation.
• Rules Chair Pasidomo, you are recognized for a motion. Thank you, Mr. President.
• Before I recognize the Rules Chair for another motion, are there any announcements?
• Madam Rules Chair, you are recognized. Thank you, Mr. President.

Summary: The Senate convened with a quorum, opening prayer, Pledge of Allegiance, several introductions, and an announcement that there would be no weekend conference. The chamber then took up a long special-order calendar of bills, generally moving each measure through third reading and final passage, often by substituting House companion bills. Early measures included trust law modernization (SB 786/HB 895), military affairs changes and Guard retirement corrections (SB 474), rounding rules for cash transactions as pennies phase out (SB 1074), podiatric medicine regulation and informed-consent requirements (SB 1092), veterans court expansion (SB 50/HB 199), RV park special assessment clarification (SB 118), concurrent jurisdiction for juvenile offenses on military installations (SB 502/HB 351), alcoholic beverage loss deductions (SB 678/HB 1137), and bail bond/pretrial release revisions (SB 600). Most passed unanimously or near-unanimously; SB 600 passed 36-1 after questions about charitable bail bonds and an amendment aligning with the House version and prosecutors’ concerns. The Senate also considered bills on portable electronics and eyewear insurance (SB 772), the linking industry to nursing education fund and health science workforce programs (SB 1246), recovery residences and behavioral health licensing (SB 1030, with a technical amendment on background checks and probationary licenses), felony battery enhancements for repeat offenders and offenses against law enforcement (SB 436), and child welfare changes including foster-home visitor screening, a permanent statewide Step Into Success program, and a best-practices repository (SB 1718). These measures were explained by sponsors as efforts to streamline regulation, improve workforce and health-care training, strengthen public safety, and reduce administrative burdens while preserving safeguards. Votes on these bills were overwhelmingly favorable, with final tallies typically 36-0 or 37-0. A major portion of the meeting was devoted to a farewell tribute to Senator Lori Berman. Members from both parties praised her leadership, collegiality, policy work, and advocacy on issues including voting rights, women’s rights, Israel and antisemitism, school safety, breast cancer, and family law. Berman delivered a lengthy farewell reflecting on her 16 years in the Legislature, her caucus leadership, and the importance of dignity, respect, and public service. The Senate adopted a motion to spread her remarks upon the journal and then recessed before returning to continue the calendar.

Transcript Highlights:

• The rule is suspended. The question now comes on suspension of Rule 12.
• The ayes have it; the rules are suspended.
• The chair hears none, and the rules are suspended.
• The chair hears none, and the rules are suspended.
• The chair hears none and the rules are suspended.

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The Senate opened with the Pledge of Allegiance and adopted two resolutions: one commending the Caribbean American Carnival Association of Boston for Caribbean Week and another recognizing Frontotemporal Degeneration Awareness Week. The chamber also acted on several committee reports and House petitions by suspending rules and referring matters to committees as recommended. The Senate then took up several House bills and, after suspending the rules, ordered them to a third reading: sick leave banks for Anna C. Contaris of the Trial Court, Kendra Winner of the Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, and Carlos Borges of the Department of Correction, as well as a bill authorizing the town of Lexington to grant 10 additional wine and malt beverage licenses for on-premises consumption. Later, the Senate passed to be enacted a bill increasing the membership of the select board of the town of Mattapoisett, sending it to the Governor. During the session, Senator Feeney recognized the Rolling Warriors Volt hockey team of North Attleboro, along with coaches, families, and supporters, celebrating their first U.S. gold medal at the North American Volt Hockey Championship and their upcoming World Cup appearance in Sweden. The Senate also adopted a motion to adjourn in memory of Irene A. O'Shea and Tiffany Marie Horne, observed a moment of silence, and adjourned to meet again the following Monday at 11 a.m.

Transcript Highlights:

• So, I would going to lose its license.
• He—they want to maintain their license. They don't want to lose their liquor license. will.
• in threat of losing their license in threat of losing their license that<01:02:11.280> um
• They don't to maintain their license.
• So want to lose their liquor license.

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: The committee first took up a liquor-related amendment correcting an earlier drafting error that had accidentally removed enhanced penalties for death-related over-service from the statute. Members explained that the language had already been enacted briefly before being deleted by mistake, and the amendment simply restored the prior penalty provisions. The committee voted unanimously in favor. A second liquor amendment followed, concerning VFW and similar veterans’ clubs. The revised language would allow a veteran or member to sign in a limited number of under-21 guests, with testimony emphasizing that this was meant for small events and would mirror existing restaurant rules requiring a parent, legal guardian, or adult spouse. There was extended debate about whether private clubs were sufficiently public, whether towns could tighten liquor rules locally, and whether enforcement would be effective. Liquor enforcement testified that municipalities must approve licenses, only four minors could be signed in at once under a member’s signature, age-restriction signage remains required, and clubs often report violations themselves to protect their licenses. The amendment was ultimately approved unanimously, and the subcommittee then moved into executive session. In executive session, HB 186, relating to cannabis legalization, regulation, and appropriations, was recommended ought to pass on a 10-7 vote, with a minority report noted. HB 241, relating to treatment alternatives to opioids, was then supported with amendment 2990 and recommended ought to pass as amended; the bill was described as expanding access to non-opioid, non-surgical, and non-medication pain treatments, while the amendment clarified Insurance Department procedures and educational materials. That bill was placed on the consent calendar unanimously. HB 297, concerning access by self-funded employer health plans to claims data, was also recommended ought to pass with amendment 2987 and then ought to pass as amended unanimously; supporters said it would let employers opt in to deidentified claims data, improve transparency, and preserve privacy. It too was placed on the consent calendar unanimously. The committee then considered HB 312, dealing with student-athlete name, image, and likeness compensation, and voted to send it to interim study. Members said the issue remained too uncertain because of ongoing federal and NCAA developments, and that interim study would keep the committee’s options open without killing the bill. The motion was supported as a way to continue monitoring the issue for future action.

Transcript Highlights:

• There's no limit without having a license. This is one of the areas.
• I think the third stop is Rules, is it? All right, then, you know, then Rules.
• There could be sustained findings of misconduct, be it a law, rule, or policy violation, but did not
• Because under the accreditation rule, sir, and what we're proposing is that all anonymous complaints
• Carla Sapp, and I am a licensed clinician in the state of Florida, Georgia, New Hampshire, and Texas.

Bills: S0600, S0760, S1012, S1326, S1488, S1536, S1544, S1750

Keywords: bail bonds, pretrial release, forfeiture, criminal justice, Florida statutes, bond conditions, surety, violations of release conditions, violent crimes, victim safety, public safety, warrantless arrest, probable cause, pretrial detention, first appearance hearing, law enforcement immunity, domestic violence, stalking, battery, aggravated assault

Summary: The committee took up several criminal justice bills, beginning with SB 760 on violations of pretrial release conditions. A strike-all amendment narrowed the bill to make willful violation of a no-contact order a first-degree misdemeanor, authorize warrantless arrest on probable cause, and require detention until first appearance in certain cases. The amendment and the bill, as amended, were both adopted and reported favorably. The committee then heard SB 1536 on digital voyeurism, which would extend the expectation of privacy to backyards in the surveillance statute; it was reported favorably after brief questions and support from a Florida Smart Justice Alliance witness. Members next considered SB 1012 on inmate services. The bill would expand use of contractor-operated institutions inmate welfare trust funds for reintegration and facility upgrades, and would require reimbursement for inmate emergency and specialty medical services at Medicaid rates, with telehealth and autonomous APRNs included as options. Safety Net Hospital Alliance of Florida opposed the bill as written, warning that tying Medicaid participation to treatment of inmates could reduce reimbursement and discourage provider participation, while the Department of Corrections and Florida Smart Justice Alliance supported it. Senators discussed costs, aging inmates, and possible future changes, and the bill was reported favorably. The committee also passed CS for SB 600 on bail bond and pretrial release laws after adopting a strike-all that aligned it with the House companion and made technical changes to solicitation, training, and bond reinstatement rules. Public testimony raised concerns about who should receive returned bond money and how clerks would process payments, but the sponsor said the bill would continue to be refined. Later, the committee reconsidered and favorably reported SB 1750 on criminal sexual conduct, which increases penalties and mandatory minimums for serious sex crimes, especially those involving children. It also reconsidered and favorably reported SB 1544 on complaints against law enforcement and correctional officers, a bill requiring complainants to provide sworn complaints to officers before interrogation unless corroborating evidence is present; police chiefs and sexual violence advocates opposed parts of the bill, while supporters argued it would protect officers from unfounded complaints. Finally, SB 1488 on booking officer duties regarding minor children of arrested persons was reported favorably, and SB 1326 on prosecution of defamation was taken up for reconsideration with a delete-all amendment that narrowed the insanity defense, limited mitigation for severe mental illness in serious cases, and extended detention periods for incompetent defendants; opposition testimony from defense, public defender, and mental health advocates warned it would worsen treatment and increase costs.