Video & Transcript Research : 'tax code'

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US

US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session

US House Floor Proceedings (Tuesday, March 4, 2025)

US Federal House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • He's terminated tax benefits overall for illegal immigrants via executive order.
  • <00:15:28.639> but California he's terminated tax but California he's terminated tax but benefits
  • We are fighting hard to preserve a predictable tax code in this country, extending the current tax code
  • We are fighting hard to preserve a predictable tax code in this country, extending the current tax code
  • code in this country, extending the current tax code so that we can have regulatory certainty, tax certainty
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Fraud Prevention and State Agency Oversight Policy Committee 11/19/25

Fraud Prevention and State Agency Oversight Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • And that code that describes the services has to be supported by a diagnosis code, an ICD-10 code that
  • > this<00:58:36.000> person codes to determine, yes, this person codes to determine, yes
  • .<00:59:14.720> And<00:59:15.040> that<00:59:15.359> code<00:59:16.160> code<
  • And that code code uh that code.
  • ,<00:59:22.240> an supported by uh a diagnosis code, an supported by uh a diagnosis code,
Keywords: 1183, house
MN
Transcript Highlights:
  • This is a long overdue improvement to the tax code, and there you see the benefits.
  • This creates what I believe is a structural conflict of interest: the more difficult the tax code becomes
  • citizens to hire a tax professional our state's<01:02:13.240> code<01:02:13.559> is<01
  • But we're going to be serious about really looking at improving the tax code and making a difference
  • /c><01:40:20.440> a<01:40:20.599> difference tax code and and making a difference tax code
Keywords: 919, house, all
Summary: The committee took up House File 2437, the governor’s proposed tax bill, and first adopted the A25-Z42 amendment to put the bill in the desired shape. Commissioner Paul Marquardt of the Department of Revenue then presented the bill as part of Governor Walz and Lieutenant Governor Flanagan’s budget, describing it as a response to budget pressures that would make the tax system more fair and stable while supporting economic development and jobs. Marquardt walked through the bill’s major provisions. These included sustainable aviation fuel policy, repeal of K-12 education credit assignment, elimination of the political contribution refund, expansion of the research and development credit, short-line railroad infrastructure modernization, changes to the state airport fund levy, replacement of attachments and appearances with distribution systems, a narrow personal property tax exception for low-income housing tenants, reduced aquatic invasive species aid, and a 34% reduction in PILT payments. He then focused on the sales tax article, saying it would lower the statewide rate by 0.75% while expanding the base to selected professional services such as accounting, banking, brokerage, and legal services, with business-to-business transactions exempt. He said the proposal would be effective for sales and purchases after September 30, 2025, and estimated a first-year rate-cut impact of about $99 million versus $215 million from the service expansion, while arguing that most households would see a net tax cut. He also noted other changes such as landlord penalty adjustments, a 30% reduction in sustainable aviation fuel incentive payments, repeal of local government cannabis aid, and repeal of the tax filing modernization account. Public testimony began with Kyle Playford of the Financial Planning Association of Minnesota, who strongly opposed the proposed sales tax on professional services, especially financial planning. He argued that financial planning is an essential service for retirement, investment, and long-term financial security, and said the tax would raise costs for consumers, reduce access for middle-class families, small business owners, and retirees, and put Minnesota firms at a competitive disadvantage. The chair then indicated that additional public testimony would continue before member questions.
LA

Louisiana 2026 Regular Session

Senate May 13th, 2026

Louisiana Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • House Bill 842 is an act to amend Title 18 relative to the Louisiana Election Code to make revisions
  • House Bill 578 by Representative Michael Johnson is an act to amend the Civil Code, the Code of Criminal
  • George, to provide relative to the allocation and exercise of certain municipal taxing authority.
  • This just defines insurance premium taxes and municipal license tax imposed on insurers based on premiums
  • Senator Luno, when somebody on this, when they scan this QR code, what information do they get?
Keywords: 974, senate, all
PA

Pennsylvania 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Session (Jun 25 2026)

Pennsylvania Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • This amendment would modernize the Tax Reform Code by taxing digital ads.
  • This is a corporate revenue tax, not a tax passed through to families.
  • Pennsylvania's tax code was written in 1971. The digital advertising economy didn't exist then.
  • This amendment transfers EITC from the school code to the tax code, and it increases scholarships by
  • In essence, the taxes data centers will pay will offset our gas tax.
Summary: The Senate returned from recess and first handled routine calendar matters, laying several bills on the table or over in their order without objection. The chamber then took up Senate Bill 1400, which addresses sentencing for second-degree murder in response to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court’s Commonwealth v. Lee decision. Senator Street offered an amendment to replace mandatory life without parole with parole eligibility after 25 years and individualized review, but the Senate tabled the amendment by a 26-24 roll call. The bill then advanced to final passage after extended debate over whether it adequately met the court’s constitutional ruling and how it would affect victims, culpability, and retroactivity. It initially passed 31-19, then after reconsideration and a correction to one member’s vote, passed 30-20 and was sent to the House. The Senate next considered Senate Bill 1212, which tightens the handling of sexual assault evidence kits by removing discretionary language that had contributed to inconsistent testing practices. Supporters said it would improve statewide consistency, preserve a survivor’s right to decline testing, and help reduce the rape kit backlog. The bill passed unanimously, 50-0, and was sent to the House. The chamber then moved through additional calendar items, including re-referrals of several House bills to Appropriations and multiple bills being passed over. Later, the Senate took up House Bill 1667 on a supplemental calendar after suspending the rules. The bill became the vehicle for several amendments tied to affordability and tax policy. Senators adopted a back-to-school sales tax holiday amendment, a data-center tax exemption repeal amendment, and a school-choice-related amendment transferring EITC provisions and increasing scholarships by $25 million. Other proposed amendments, including a digital advertising tax and a combined reporting corporate tax reform, were tabled. After further debate on the bill’s impact on electric bills, data centers, and the state budget, House Bill 1667 was agreed to as amended and the Senate recessed.
NY

New York 2025-2026 Regular Session

New York State Senate Session - 06/01/2026

New York Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Administrative Code of the City of New York.
  • Senate Print 6233A, Martinez, an act to amend the Tax Law.
  • Senate Print 10585, Senator Gianaris, an act to amend the Tax Law.
  • Senate Print 10585, Senator Gianaris, an act to amend the Tax Law.
  • Senate Print 10585, Senator Gianaris, an act to amend the Tax Law.
Keywords: 993, senate, all
Summary: The Senate convened, approved the prior journal, and then processed a series of motions to discharge bills from committees and substitute identical Senate bills, which were so ordered. Several bills were also recalled from the Assembly, had reconsideration votes taken, and were restored to the third reading calendar after receiving 58 ayes. Amendments were received on a number of bills, and those measures retained their place on the calendar. The main business of the day was Privileged Resolution 2318, sponsored by Leader Stewart-Cousins, honoring Senator Michael Gianaris with the President Pro Tempore and Senate Majority Leader’s Legislative Legacy Award. The resolution and floor remarks reviewed his long career in the Assembly and Senate, his role as Deputy Majority Leader and floor leader, and his work on housing, criminal justice, voting rights, labor, environmental, consumer, transit, animal welfare, and other major legislation. Members from both parties spoke at length, praising his strategic skill, mentorship, humor, and influence, while also noting his support for younger members and his commitment to family. Several senators described personal experiences showing Gianaris’s mentorship and political guidance, and many referenced his Greek American identity, Queens roots, and interests such as Star Wars and the Mets. Senators also emphasized that he was leaving on his own terms to spend more time with his wife and daughters. The resolution was adopted with broad support, and Gianaris then spoke in response, reflecting on nearly 30 years in state government, the major laws passed during his tenure, and the relationships he built in the chamber.
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

House Municipal and County Government (02/19/2025)

Municipal and County Government

Transcript Highlights:
  • didn't fit quite as nicely into our code didn't fit quite as nicely into our code chapters<00:14
  • and the building code sides, and especially on the fire code because it speaks to chapter 153, which
  • is a state fire code.
  • is a state fire code.
  • is a state fire code.
Keywords: 1189, house, all
MN
Transcript Highlights:
  • coded The amendment is coded uh<00:19:16.960> A2.
  • amendment is coded A10. amendment is coded A10.
  • to fund those tax breaks. to fund those tax breaks.
  • Our property taxes go up.
  • our property taxes go up. our property taxes go up.
Keywords: 919, house, all
Summary: Senate File 4612, a state government bill affecting the Department of Health, Human Services, and Children, Youth, and Families, was taken up with a House language amendment adopted at the outset. The bill’s authors gave sharply different perspectives: one described it as a limited, reactive measure tied to federal Medicaid changes and said it fell short of needed health care improvements, while the other argued it would avoid large federal penalties, add Medicaid work requirements, save taxpayer money, and help certain rural and disability-related services. Members then debated several amendments. A technical House research amendment was offered, followed by a contested amendment on the all-payer claims database. Supporters of that change argued the bill expanded data access and could allow sensitive health data to be sold or used outside the United States, raising privacy and jurisdiction concerns; opponents said the data would remain deidentified, access would be limited to researchers, and the fee structure was a cost-recovery mechanism rather than a sale. The amendment to the amendment failed on a 67-67 tie, and the underlying amendment was not adopted. The committee also adopted an amendment updating mortuary science rules for natural organic reduction and another that would automatically enroll certain people into medical assistance if they did not choose a program themselves. A later amendment creating a therapeutic psilocybin pilot program for mental health and PTSD treatment drew strong bipartisan support, especially from members citing veteran suicide, trauma, and promising research; it was adopted after discussion. The transcript ended while discussion continued on how the program would be administered, including questions about using the Office of Cannabis Management rather than the Department of Health.
LA

Louisiana 2026 Regular Session

Insurance Apr 23rd, 2026

Insurance

Transcript Highlights:
  • That NAIC model is still contained in the Louisiana Administrative Code.
  • That NAIC model is still contained in Louisiana Administrative Code.
  • The tax is a tax on premium that is levied by—it is paid by the insurance company.
  • tax from the insured, and then once a quarter reports the tax to the insurance department.
  • And so it is taxed.
Keywords: 965, house, all
Summary: The House Insurance Committee met on April 23 with a quorum present and began by announcing that HB 1142 was deferred. The committee then took up HB 1187, which would direct any excess Louisiana Citizens emergency assessment funds, after related debt is satisfied, toward the Louisiana Fortified Homes Program or future Citizens obligations. Commissioner Tim Temple and Rep. Sawyer said the bill would likely redirect about $50 million to the popular fortified roof grant program, which has already awarded thousands of roofs and is oversubscribed. With support from Citizens and others, the committee adopted technical amendments and reported HB 1187 favorably. The committee next considered HB 1210, a proposal by Rep. Dana Henry to create a pre-suit claim review process for Louisiana Citizens disputes modeled on Florida’s system. After explaining that the bill was prompted by constituent concerns about rising homeowners insurance costs, Henry voluntarily deferred the bill and instead moved toward a study resolution. The substitute version, which would have allowed Citizens disputes to be resolved through the Division of Administrative Law, was adopted for discussion, but the bill was ultimately voluntarily deferred after testimony from Citizens and the department supporting further study. HB 1199, by Rep. Jordan, would require coverage for genetic testing and medically necessary treatment for SCN2A-associated disorders. After adopting an amendment clarifying that coverage depends on provider order and medical necessity, the committee heard emotional testimony from a parent describing her daughter’s severe SCN2A condition and the difficulty obtaining genetic testing. The bill was reported favorably. The committee then took up HB 880, the Louisiana Artificial Intelligence Insurance Fairness Act, which would regulate AI use in underwriting, rating, and claims. Jordan said the bill raised state-federal insurance regulatory issues and could jeopardize federal broadband funding, so he voluntarily deferred it; HB 920 was also voluntarily deferred. Finally, the committee considered HB 1221, by Rep. Amadee, which would narrow data collection under the surplus lines premium tax system to protect policyholder privacy. Former Rep. Bowler argued the department should not collect names, addresses, or coverage limits and that the bill would preserve privacy without affecting tax collection. The Department of Insurance said the broader data is needed for premium tax reconciliation, fraud detection, and post-disaster assistance. After debate, a motion to report HB 1221 favorably failed on a 6-6 roll call. The committee then moved on to HB 869 by Rep. Lyons, a health insurance bill covering injectable drugs for glucose or weight-loss treatment, but the transcript ends before further action on that measure.
MO

Missouri 2026 Regular Session

Emerging Issues Jan 12th, 2026

Emerging Issues

Transcript Highlights:
  • We're going to tear with fuel tax. So,… To pay for that. We're in a tear with the fuel tax.
  • Money, taxes, revenue, where are we going with it? Job loss again, taxes and revenue.
  • It's not up to speech code.
  • It's not up to speech code.
  • There is no other source of discrimination code or protection of rights of minority code that talks about
Keywords: 959, house, all
US

US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session

US House Floor Proceedings (Thursday, February 12, 2026)

US Federal House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • the tax code like traditional firearms. the tax code like traditional firearms.
  • There's a revolution, a explain this is a segment of the tax explain this is a segment of the tax code
  • If it's about the tax code, let's deal with the tax code. But as Mr.
  • As tax filing season begins, important improvements to our tax code are already making a real difference
  • As tax filing season begins, important improvements to our tax code are already making a real difference
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Judiciary and Public Safety - Part 1 - 04/04/25

Judiciary and Public Safety

Transcript Highlights:
  • the International Fire Code.
  • the International Fire Code.
  • the International Fire Code.
  • the International Fire Code.
  • the International Fire Code.
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
LA

Louisiana 2026 Regular Session

Commerce May 20th, 2026

Commerce, Consumer Protection, and International Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • Where do the sales taxes apply?
  • It is unclear whether that language includes sales taxes and other mandated charges that are outside
  • And property taxes. For working families, housing is going to be the number one expense.
  • The sales tax thing, I just don't see...
  • Sherry Teamer with CONS, Codes, and Standards.
Summary: The committee took up several House measures. HCR 66, as amended, asked Louisiana Economic Development and the Governor’s Office of Rural Development to study rural parish assets, infrastructure, workforce, and development opportunities, and it was moved forward without objection. HB 387, a clarification to allow the fire marshal’s office to review architectural and engineering plans equally, also passed favorably without objection. HB 1223, which would have LED promote Louisiana’s clinical trial capacity and adjust internal review board processes, was amended and moved favorably. HB 950, aimed at helping older adults recognize and avoid fraud through materials and resources from the Office of Elderly Affairs, was reported favorably. HB 975, a routine measure to recreate the Public Service Commission, was also reported favorably. HB 1186, which would create a more uniform statewide building code and licensing system for inspectors, was amended and moved favorably. HB 1222, described as a Grocery Initiative Act to let LED identify ways to address food deserts and food insecurity, was introduced near the end of the meeting. The most extensive debate centered on HB 617, a consumer transparency bill requiring mandatory fees to be included in upfront pricing. The author said the bill was intended to curb hidden fees and help consumers compare prices, with examples such as hotel resort fees and automatic restaurant service charges. Supporters argued it would improve transparency, while opponents from grocery, restaurant, hotel, housing, retail, and business groups said the bill was too broad, vague about terms like “total price,” unclear on enforcement and penalties, and could create compliance burdens and litigation risk, especially for small businesses. Housing advocates opposed the bill’s housing carve-out, arguing it could weaken renters’ ability to bring unfair-practice claims. Senator Morris moved to defer HB 617, and the committee agreed without objection. The committee also heard lengthy testimony on HB 797, which would create a Bayou Gold certification for certain transactional gold vendors that meet state-defined standards such as segregation, insurance, and nearby storage. The sponsor said the goal was to give consumers confidence and encourage vendors to keep gold closer to Louisiana, while critics argued the program would amount to a state endorsement of private companies, create misleading consumer impressions, and expose the state to confusion or liability. The bill drew opposition from the Sound Money Defense League and others, but the committee ultimately reported HB 797 favorably, with the understanding it still had to go to Finance. HB 1228, a hearing-aid cleanup bill updating definitions, contracts, testing periods, and licensing rules, was also moved favorably without objection.
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on Revenue Jun 21st, 2026 at 01:00 pm

Joint Committee on Revenue

Transcript Highlights:
  • Health Bill 3968, an act relative to tax exemption for House Bill 3968, an act relative to tax exemption
  • Boston claims more similar tax credit.
  • that particular income tax credit ...breaker income tax credit, again, to align with that particular
  • income tax credit.
  • any tax deductions.
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The Joint Committee on Revenue held a hearing on bills related to senior and disability property tax relief, with a focus on helping older adults and people with disabilities remain in their homes. Testimony supported H. 3968, which would make certain senior and disability property tax exemptions permanent so eligible residents would not have to refile annually, and H. 3198, which would expand the senior circuit breaker tax credit by indexing income and credit limits to cost of living and raising the home valuation cap from $1.1 million to $1.5 million. Representative Scanlan also testified in favor of several additional bills, including a local option motor vehicle excise tax exemption for low-income seniors and veterans, a local property tax cap for low-income seniors, an expanded senior property tax exemption, and a senior property tax deferral program designed to be revenue neutral over time. Witnesses from the City of Boston, the Massachusetts Municipal Association, and the Massachusetts Association of Assessing Officers generally supported local-option property tax relief measures and said they would help seniors age in place while giving municipalities flexibility. Committee members raised concerns about possible abuse or fraud if exemptions became permanent, and about how assessors would verify continued eligibility without annual reapplication. Supporters responded that eligibility could still be tied to real estate transactions and other documentation, and that the current annual filing requirement causes many eligible seniors to miss out on benefits. Mass Senior Action Council members testified that many seniors are struggling with rising property taxes, insurance, and other costs, and urged broader reforms such as freezing assessed values, improving outreach, strengthening the work-off program, and allowing more flexible payment or deferral options. No votes were taken; the hearing concluded after testimony and questions.
FL

Florida 2025 Regular Session

Finance and Tax Apr 15th, 2025

Transcript Highlights:
  • WHICH ALLOWS INVESTORS TO EARN TAX CREDITS AGAINST THE CORPORATE INCOME TAX OR INSURANCE PREMIUM TAX
  • IT UPDATES FLORIDA'S CORPORATE INCOME TAX BY ADOPTING THE FEDERAL INTERNAL REVENUE CODE EFFECTIVE JANUARY
  • AND WE, IT'S A TAX ON TAX, IT'S AN UNFAIR TAX. IT DOESN'T HELP US, IT'S ANTI-NATIVE.
  • WHAT HAPPENS ON THE TAX BREAK ALLOW SOMEONE TO BUY A FIREARM TAX-FREE AND WALK INTO A SCHOOL?
  • THAT'S A MEANINGFUL STEP TOWARD ADDRESSING THE UPSIDE DOWN TAX CODE WE HAVE BEEN LIVING UNDER IN FLORIDA
Keywords: 999, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Education Finance Committee 3/5/26

Education Finance

Transcript Highlights:
  • Like, all of that is coded and in there.
  • What we find is that coded and in there.
  • I pay through the taxes our students' parents pay.
  • through the taxes I pay through<01:16:47.040> the<01:16:47.199> taxes<01:16:47.600>
  • I have no problem paying extra taxes to meet those needs.
Summary: The committee first adopted the March 3rd minutes by voice vote after Representative Lee moved them and there was no discussion. Members then reviewed hearing rules on decorum, safety, and participation before taking testimony from Dr. James Densley and Dr. Jillian Peterson of the Violence Prevention Project Research Center at Hamline University. The presenters summarized research on mass shootings and K-12 school shootings, drawing on a database of homicides in school settings from 2000 to 2025 and a smaller set of 15 K-12 mass shooting cases. They said school shooters are usually insiders, most often current or former students, and typically young males. They described common patterns including a noticeable crisis before attacks, perpetrators viewing the shooting as a final act, studying prior shooters online, and “leakage” in which most tell someone in advance. They also emphasized that many perpetrators use unsecured firearms from family members and argued that prevention should combine reporting systems, behavioral threat assessment, counseling, mentoring, secure storage, and other layered interventions rather than rely on a single solution. The presenters also discussed broader violence trends in the Twin Cities, saying much school violence is spillover from community violence and that pandemic-era disruptions and weakened trust in institutions contributed to serious violence. They cited a national survey finding that exposure to gun violence is associated with PTSD, anxiety, depression, and fear of public spaces, especially among young people. During member questions, Representative Wam asked for clarification on the data set and the rural/small-town share of the survey sample.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Floor Session 5/12/25 - Part 2

Minnesota House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • The amendment is coded A23.
  • The amendment is coded A23.
  • amendment to the amendment is coded A33. amendment to the amendment is coded A33.
  • The amendment is coded A9.
  • The amendment is coded A14. amended. The amendment is coded A14.
Keywords: 1183, house
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Floor Session May 12th, 2025

California House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Currently, property owners are required to pay their property tax on time.
  • This could be true depending on the zip code that you live in because maybe you have a zip code with
  • a state emergency to qualify for one-year deferral for their delincon property tax.
  • Currently, property owners are required to pay their property tax on time.
  • This could be true depending on the zip code that you live in because maybe you have a zip code with
Summary: The Assembly met in session, established a quorum, and opened with an Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month ceremony. Members adopted House Resolution 35 recognizing May as AAPI Heritage Month, with extensive floor remarks from caucus leaders and members highlighting AAPI history, contributions, and solidarity with other communities. The chamber then honored 14 AAPI honorees from across the state, including public servants, advocates, artists, health professionals, and community leaders, before moving to the regular file. On the floor, the Assembly passed a series of bills on social media harms to minors, labor privilege, foster care family-finding, low-impact camping areas, student body association governance, drink-spiking prevention at music festivals, behavioral health access, greenhouse gas recapture, physical therapy access, housing enforcement, insurance licensing, density bonus clarification, water district proxy voting, park district updates, secured transactions, and property tax relief during emergencies. Most measures passed with broad or unanimous support; notable votes included AB 2 on social media platform accountability passing 59-0, AB 1109 on union communications privilege passing 45-4, AB 409 on student body association open meetings passing 55-6, AB 518 on low-impact camping passing 55-0, AB 668 on drink-spiking protections passing 72-0, AB 348 on behavioral health access passing 69-0, AB 663 on HFC recapture passing 71-0, AB 574 on physical therapy access passing 68-0, AB 712 on housing enforcement passing 57-1, AB 943 on insurance pre-licensing reform passing 63-0, AB 87 on density bonus law clarification passing 63-0, AB 523 on Metropolitan Water District proxy voting passing 62-1, AB 769 on park district code cleanup passing 68-0, AB 771 on secured transactions passing 69-0, and AB 1416 on property tax installment deferrals passing 66-0. The Assembly also took up AB 446, the Surveillance Pricing Protection Act, which would prohibit businesses from using personal data to charge different prices for the same product or service. Supporters described the practice as predatory and discriminatory, while noting ongoing concerns about preserving legitimate discounts and loyalty programs. The bill was presented as a consumer protection measure aimed at preventing hidden price discrimination and reducing cost-of-living pressures. The transcript ends amid repeated and partially duplicated readings of AB 446, without a final vote shown for that item.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Taxes Committee 2/26/26

Taxes

Transcript Highlights:
  • These policies are sometimes described as spending through the tax code.
  • c> regressivity of sales tax and use tax regressivity of sales tax and use tax therefore<00:18:47.760
  • Um I just think through the tax code.
  • <00:29:57.919> do<00:29:58.080> they tax federal taxes is how do they tax federal taxes
  • Uh so tax uh tax expenditures.
Keywords: 1183, house
VA

Virginia 2026 Regular Session

March 12, 2026 - Regular Session

Virginia House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Here's a problem: there's no definition in the code for electioneering.
  • policy options for reforming the litter tax study, expanded civil penalty.
  • policy options for reforming the litter tax study, expanded civil penalty.
  • The Senate substitute helps us clean up the language of the code.
  • The Senate made technical amendments to cross-reference other sections of the code.